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Lee VM, Hernandez S, Giang B, Chabot C, Hernandez J, de Bellard ME. Molecular Events Controlling Cessation of Trunk Neural Crest Migration and Onset of Differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:199. [PMID: 32318567 PMCID: PMC7147452 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural crest cells (NCC) migrate extensively in vertebrate embryos to populate diverse derivatives including ganglia of the peripheral nervous system. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms that lead migrating trunk NCC to settle at selected sites in the embryo, ceasing their migration and initiating differentiation programs. To identify candidate genes involved in these processes, we profiled genes up-regulated in purified post-migratory compared with migratory NCC using a staged, macroarrayed cDNA library. A secondary screen of in situ hybridization revealed that many genes are specifically enhanced in neural crest-derived ganglia, including macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a ligand for CXCR4 receptor. Through in vivo and in vitro assays, we found that MIF functions as a potent chemoattractant for NCC. These results provide a molecular profile of genes expressed concomitant with gangliogenesis, thus, offering new markers and potential regulatory candidates involved in cessation of migration and onset of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian M Lee
- Universal Cells Inc., Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sergio Hernandez
- Biology Department, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, United States
| | - Belle Giang
- Moorpark College, Moorpark, CA, United States
| | - Chris Chabot
- Biology Department, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, United States
| | | | - Maria Elena de Bellard
- Biology Department, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, United States
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Takaku S, Yako H, Niimi N, Akamine T, Kawanami D, Utsunomiya K, Sango K. Establishment of a myelinating co-culture system with a motor neuron-like cell line NSC-34 and an adult rat Schwann cell line IFRS1. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 149:537-543. [PMID: 29435762 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1649-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Co-culture models of neurons and Schwann cells have been utilized for the study of myelination and demyelination in the peripheral nervous system; in most of the previous studies, however, these cells were obtained by primary culture with embryonic or neonatal animals. A spontaneously immortalized Schwann cell line IFRS1 from long-term cultures of adult Fischer rat peripheral nerves has been shown to retain fundamental ability to myelinate neurites in co-cultures with adult rat dorsal root ganglion neurons and nerve growth factor-primed PC12 cells. Our current investigation focuses on the establishment of stable co-culture system with IFRS1 cells and NSC-34 motor neuron-like cells. NSC-34 cells were seeded at a low density (2 × 103/cm2) and maintained for 5-7 days in serum-containing medium supplemented with non-essential amino acids and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF; 10 ng/mL). Upon observation of neurite outgrowth under a phase-contrast microscope, the NSC-34 cells were exposed to an anti-mitotic agent mitomycin C (1 µg/mL) for 12-16 h, then co-cultured with IFRS1 cells (2 × 104/cm2), and maintained in serum-containing medium supplemented with ascorbic acid (50 µg/mL), BDNF (10 ng/mL), and ciliary neurotrophic factor (10 ng/mL). Double immunofluorescence staining carried out at day 28 of the co-culture showed myelin protein (P0 or PMP22)-immunoreactive IFRS1 cells surrounding the βIII tubulin-immunoreactive neurites. This co-culture system can be a beneficial tool to study the pathogenesis of motor neuron diseases (e.g., amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Charcot-Marie-Tooth diseases, and immune-mediated demyelinating neuropathies) and novel therapeutic approaches against them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuka Takaku
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Sensory and Motor Systems, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Hideji Yako
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Sensory and Motor Systems, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Naoko Niimi
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Sensory and Motor Systems, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Akamine
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Sensory and Motor Systems, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan.,Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Daiji Kawanami
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Kazunori Utsunomiya
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Kazunori Sango
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Sensory and Motor Systems, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan.
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Ishii T, Kawakami E, Endo K, Misawa H, Watabe K. Myelinating cocultures of rodent stem cell line-derived neurons and immortalized Schwann cells. Neuropathology 2017; 37:475-481. [PMID: 28707715 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Myelination is one of the most remarkable biological events in the neuron-glia interactions for the development of the mammalian nervous system. To elucidate molecular mechanisms of cell-to-cell interactions in myelin synthesis in vitro, establishment of the myelinating system in cocultures of continuous neuronal and glial cell lines are desirable. In the present study, we performed co-culture experiments using rat neural stem cell-derived neurons or mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived motoneurons with immortalized rat IFRS1 Schwann cells to establish myelinating cultures between these cell lines. Differentiated neurons derived from an adult rat neural stem cell line 1464R or motoneurons derived from a mouse ES cell line NCH4.3, were mixed with IFRS1 Schwann cells, plated, and maintained in serum-free F12 medium with B27 supplement, ascorbic acid, and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. Myelin formation was demonstrated by electron microscopy at 4 weeks in cocultures of 1464R-derived neurons or NCH4.3-derived motoneurons with IFRS1 Schwann cells. These in vitro coculture systems utilizing the rodent stable stem and Schwann cell lines can be useful in studies of peripheral nerve development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Ishii
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emiko Kawakami
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Endo
- Center for Basic Technology Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemi Misawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Watabe
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medical Technology (Neuropathology), Kyorin University Faculty of Health Sciences, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
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Kim HS, Lee J, Lee DY, Kim YD, Kim JY, Lim HJ, Lim S, Cho YS. Schwann Cell Precursors from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Myelin Repair. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:1714-1726. [PMID: 28506533 PMCID: PMC5469943 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells play a crucial role in successful nerve repair and regeneration by supporting both axonal growth and myelination. However, the sources of human Schwann cells are limited both for studies of Schwann cell development and biology and for the development of treatments for Schwann cell-associated diseases. Here, we provide a rapid and scalable method to produce self-renewing Schwann cell precursors (SCPs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), using combined sequential treatment with inhibitors of the TGF-β and GSK-3 signaling pathways, and with neuregulin-1 for 18 days under chemically defined conditions. Within 1 week, hPSC-derived SCPs could be differentiated into immature Schwann cells that were functionally confirmed by their secretion of neurotrophic factors and their myelination capacity in vitro and in vivo. We propose that hPSC-derived SCPs are a promising, unlimited source of functional Schwann cells for treating demyelination disorders and injuries to the peripheral nervous system. hPSC-SCPs are highly expandable under chemically defined medium condition hPSC-SCPs can rapidly and efficiently differentiate into functional Schwann cells SCP-SCs myelinate axon and secrete various neurotrophic factors SCP-SCs promote axonal regeneration in sciatic nerve-damaged mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Seop Kim
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwoon Lee
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Yong Lee
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Dae Kim
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yun Kim
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioscience, KRIBB School, University of Science & Technology, 113 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Lim
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioscience, KRIBB School, University of Science & Technology, 113 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Lim
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioscience, KRIBB School, University of Science & Technology, 113 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Yee Sook Cho
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioscience, KRIBB School, University of Science & Technology, 113 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Shi H, Gong Y, Qiang L, Li X, Zhang S, Gao J, Li K, Ji X, Tian L, Gu X, Ding F. Derivation of Schwann cell precursors from neural crest cells resident in bone marrow for cell therapy to improve peripheral nerve regeneration. Biomaterials 2016; 89:25-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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The Lin28/let-7 axis is critical for myelination in the peripheral nervous system. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8584. [PMID: 26466203 PMCID: PMC4634210 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of myelination in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). However, the miRNAs species involved and the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. We found that let-7 miRNAs are highly abundant during PNS myelination and that their levels are inversely correlated to the expression of lin28 homolog B (Lin28B), an antagonist of let-7 accumulation. Sustained expression of Lin28B and consequently reduced levels of let-7 miRNAs results in a failure of Schwann cell myelination in transgenic mouse models and in cell culture. Subsequent analyses revealed that let-7 miRNAs promote expression of the myelination-driving master transcription factor Krox20 (also known as Egr2) through suppression of myelination inhibitory Notch signalling. We conclude that the Lin28B/let-7 axis acts as a critical driver of PNS myelination, in particular by regulating myelination onset, identifying this pathway also as a potential therapeutic target in demyelinating diseases.
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Cai L, Zhang L, Dong J, Wang S. Photocured biodegradable polymer substrates of varying stiffness and microgroove dimensions for promoting nerve cell guidance and differentiation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:12557-12568. [PMID: 22857011 DOI: 10.1021/la302868q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Photocross-linkable and biodegradable polymers have great promise in fabricating nerve conduits for guiding axonal growth in peripheral nerve regeneration. Here, we photocross-linked two poly(ε-caprolactone) triacrylates (PCLTAs) with number-average molecular weights of ~7000 and ~10,000 g mol(-1) into substrates with parallel microgrooves. Cross-linked PCLTA7k was amorphous and soft, while cross-linked PCLTA10k was semicrystalline with a stiffer surface. We employed different dimensions of interests for the parallel microgrooves, that is, groove widths of 5, 15, 45, and 90 μm and groove depths of 0.4, 1, 5, and 12 μm. The behaviors of rat Schwann cell precursor line (SpL201) cells with the glial nature and pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells with the neuronal nature were studied on these microgrooved substrates, showing distinct preference to the substrates with different mechanical properties. We found different threshold sensitivities of the two nerve cell types to topographical features when their cytoskeleton and nuclei were altered by varying the groove depth and width. Almost all of the cells were aligned in the narrowest and deepest microgrooves or around the edge of microgrooves. Oriented SpL201 cell movement had a higher motility as compared to unaligned ones. After forskolin treatment, SpL201 cells demonstrated significantly upregulated S-100 and O4 on stiffer substrates or narrower microgrooves, suggesting more differentiation toward early Schwann cells (SCs). PC12 neurites were oriented with enhanced extension in narrower microgrooves. The present results not only improve our fundamental understanding on nerve cell-substrate interactions, but also offer useful conduit materials and appropriate feature dimensions to foster guidance for axonal growth in peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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Heermann S, Spittau B, Zajzon K, Schwab MH, Krieglstein K. Schwann cells migrate along axons in the absence of GDNF signaling. BMC Neurosci 2012; 13:92. [PMID: 22863354 PMCID: PMC3445819 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-13-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During development neural crest derived Schwann Cell (SC) precursors migrate to nerve trunks and populate nascent nerves. Axonal ensheathment by SC is a prerequisite for normal nerve function and the integrity of myelinated as well as nonmyelinated axons. To provide adequate support functions, SC colonize entire nerves. One important prerequisite for this is their migration into distal axonal regions. Results Here, we studied the role of Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), a TGF-beta related growth factor, for SC migration. To this end we used a superior cervical ganglion (SCG) explant-SC migration assay, GDNF null mutant mouse embryos and a chemical inhibitor for GDNF signaling in combination with time-lapse imaging. We found that GDNF signaling is dispensable for SC migration along murine embryonic sympathetic axons. Furthermore, in vivo analyzes revealed that SC migration along the sciatic nerve is also not dependent on GDNF. Conclusions In contrast to previous in vitro findings in the sciatic nerve and a SC precursor cell line, our results clearly indicate that GDNF is dispensable for embryonic SC migration. This is demonstrated for the sympathetic nervous system and also for the sciatic nerve in mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Heermann
- Department of Neuroanatomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Giovannone D, Reyes M, Reyes R, Correa L, Martinez D, Ra H, Gomez G, Kaiser J, Ma L, Stein MP, de Bellard ME. Slits affect the timely migration of neural crest cells via Robo receptor. Dev Dyn 2012; 241:1274-88. [PMID: 22689303 PMCID: PMC3632352 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.23817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural crest cells emerge by delamination from the dorsal neural tube and give rise to various components of the peripheral nervous system in vertebrate embryos. These cells change from non-motile into highly motile cells migrating to distant areas before further differentiation. Mechanisms controlling delamination and subsequent migration of neural crest cells are not fully understood. Slit2, a chemorepellant for axonal guidance that repels and stimulates motility of trunk neural crest cells away from the gut has recently been suggested to be a tumor suppressor molecule. The goal of this study was to further investigate the role of Slit2 in trunk neural crest cell migration by constitutive expression in neural crest cells. RESULTS We found that Slit gain-of-function significantly impaired neural crest cell migration while Slit loss-of-function favored migration. In addition, we observed that the distribution of key cytoskeletal markers was disrupted in both gain and loss of function instances. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that Slit molecules might be involved in the processes that allow neural crest cells to begin migrating and transitioning to a mesenchymal type.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gustavo Gomez
- Division of Biology, 139-74. California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | | | - Le Ma
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute. KSOM of USC. 1501 San Pablo St. Los Angeles, CA 90033
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Myelination in coculture of established neuronal and Schwann cell lines. Histochem Cell Biol 2012; 137:829-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-012-0934-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Cai L, Lu J, Sheen V, Wang S. Lubricated biodegradable polymer networks for regulating nerve cell behavior and fabricating nerve conduits with a compositional gradient. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:358-68. [PMID: 22206477 PMCID: PMC3544368 DOI: 10.1021/bm201372u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We present a method of tuning surface chemistry and nerve cell behavior by photo-cross-linking methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) monoacrylate (mPEGA) with hydrophobic, semicrystalline poly(ε-caprolactone) diacrylate (PCLDA) at various weight compositions of mPEGA (ø(m)) from 2 to 30%. Improved surface wettability is achieved with corresponding decreases in friction, water contact angle, and capability of adsorbing proteins from cell culture media because of repulsive PEG chains tethered in the network. The responses of rat Schwann cell precursor line (SpL201), rat pheochromocytoma (PC12), and E14 mouse neural progenitor cells (NPCs) to the modified surfaces are evaluated. Nonmonotonic or parabolic dependence of cell attachment, spreading, proliferation, and differentiation on ø(m) is identified for these cell types with maximal values at ø(m) of 5-7%. In addition, NPCs demonstrate enhanced neuronal differentiated lineages on the mPEGA/PCLDA network at ø(m) of 5% with intermediate wettability and surface energy. This approach lays the foundation for fabricating heterogeneous nerve conduits with a compositional gradient along the wall thickness, which are able to promote nerve cell functions within the conduit while inhibiting cell attachment on the outer wall to prevent potential fibrous tissue formation following implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Volney Sheen
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Shanfeng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
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Sango K, Yanagisawa H, Kawakami E, Takaku S, Ajiki K, Watabe K. Spontaneously immortalized Schwann cells from adult Fischer rat as a valuable tool for exploring neuron-Schwann cell interactions. J Neurosci Res 2011; 89:898-908. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Parabolic dependence of material properties and cell behavior on the composition of polymer networks via simultaneously controlling crosslinking density and crystallinity. Biomaterials 2010; 31:7423-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Cornejo M, Nambi D, Walheim C, Somerville M, Walker J, Kim L, Ollison L, Diamante G, Vyawahare S, de Bellard ME. Effect of NRG1, GDNF, EGF and NGF in the migration of a Schwann cell precursor line. Neurochem Res 2010; 35:1643-51. [PMID: 20623378 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-010-0225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Schwann cells are the myelinating glia of the peripheral nervous system that originated during development from the highly motile neural crest. However, we do not know what the guidance signals for the Schwann cell precursors are. Therefore, we set to test some of the known neurotrophins that are expressed early in developing embryos and have been shown to be critical for the survival and patterning of developing glia and neurons. The goal of this study was to determine more specifically if GDNF, NRG1 and NGF are chemoattractants and/or chemokinetic molecules for a Schwann cell precursor line, the Spl201. We performed live chemoattraction assays, with imaging and also presented these molecules as part of their growing substrate. Our results show for the first time that GDNF and NRG1 are potent chemoattractive and chemokinetic molecules for these cells while NGF is a chemokinetic molecule stimulating their motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Cornejo
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330, USA
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Neville CM, Huang AY, Shyu JY, Snyder EY, Hadlock TA, Sundback CA. Neural Precursor Cell Lines Promote Neurite Branching. Int J Neurosci 2009; 119:15-39. [DOI: 10.1080/00207450802480218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Wang S, Yaszemski MJ, Knight AM, Gruetzmacher JA, Windebank AJ, Lu L. Photo-crosslinked poly(epsilon-caprolactone fumarate) networks for guided peripheral nerve regeneration: material properties and preliminary biological evaluations. Acta Biomater 2009; 5:1531-42. [PMID: 19171506 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Revised: 11/13/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to achieve suitable biomaterials for peripheral nerve regeneration, we present a material design strategy of combining a crystallite-based physical network and a crosslink-based chemical network. Biodegradable polymer disks and conduits have been fabricated by photo-crosslinking three poly(epsilon-caprolactone fumarate)s (PCLF530, PCLF1250, and PCLF2000), which were synthesized from the precursor poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) diols with nominal molecular weights of 530, 1250, and 2000 g mol(-1), respectively. Thermal properties such as glass transition temperature (T(g)), melting temperature (T(m)), and crystallinity of photo-crosslinked PCLFs were examined and correlated with their rheological and mechanical properties. Furthermore, in vitro degradation of uncrosslinked and crosslinked PCLFs in PBS crosslinked PCLFs in 1 N NaOH aqueous solution at 37 degrees C was studied. In vitro cytocompatibility, attachment, and proliferation of Schwann cell precursor line SPL201 cells on three PCLF networks were investigated. Crosslinked PCLF2000 with the highest crystallinity and mechanical properties was found to best support cell attachment and proliferation. Using a new photo-crosslinking method, single-lumen crosslinked PCLF nerve conduits without defects were fabricated in a glass mold. Crosslinked PCLF2000 nerve conduits were selected for evaluation in a 1cm gap rat sciatic nerve model. Histological evaluation demonstrated that the material was biocompatible with sufficient strength to hold sutures in place after 6 and 17 weeks of implantation. Nerve cable with myelinated axons was found in the crosslinked PCLF2000 nerve conduit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanfeng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Wang S, Kempen DH, Simha NK, Lewis JL, Windebank AJ, Yaszemski MJ, Lu L. Photo-cross-linked hybrid polymer networks consisting of poly(propylene fumarate) and poly(caprolactone fumarate): controlled physical properties and regulated bone and nerve cell responses. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:1229-41. [PMID: 18307311 DOI: 10.1021/bm7012313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Aiming to achieve suitable polymeric biomaterials with controlled physical properties for hard and soft tissue replacements, we have developed a series of blends consisting of two photo-cross-linkable polymers: polypropylene fumarate (PPF) and polycaprolactone fumarate (PCLF). Physical properties of both un-cross-linked and UV cross-linked PPF/PCLF blends with PPF composition ranging from 0% to 100% have been investigated extensively. It has been found that the physical properties such as thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties could be modulated efficiently by varying the PPF composition in the blends. Thermal properties including glass transition temperature (T g) and melting temperature (T m) have been correlated with their rheological and mechanical properties. Surface characteristics such as surface morphology, hydrophilicity, and the capability of adsorbing serum protein from culture medium have also been examined for the cross-linked polymer and blend disks. For potential applications in bone and nerve tissue engineering, in vitro cell studies including cytotoxicity, cell adhesion, and proliferation on cross-linked disks with controlled physical properties have been performed using rat bone marrow stromal cells and SPL201 cells, respectively. In addition, the role of mechanical properties such as surface stiffness in modulating cell responses has been emphasized using this model blend system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanfeng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
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Hermann PM, Nicol JJ, Nagle GT, Bulloch AGM, Wildering WC. Epidermal growth factor-dependent enhancement of axonal regeneration in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis: role of phagocyte survival. J Comp Neurol 2006; 492:383-400. [PMID: 16228994 DOI: 10.1002/cne.20732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury triggers complex responses from neuronal as well as from multiple nonneuronal cell types. These responses are coordinated by a wide spectrum of secreted and nonsecreted factors, including growth factors, cytokines, and cell adhesion molecules. These molecules originate from different sources and act both locally at the site of injury as well as centrally at the location of the neuronal cell bodies. One of the signal systems frequently implicated in this process is the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family and its receptors. Expression of members of this family as well as that of EGF-receptors is upregulated in different cell types after peripheral nerve injury. However, the functional significance of this response is unclear. Using a simple invertebrate model system (Lymnaea stagnalis), the present study implicates the EGF/EGF-receptor system in the survival of ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1)-positive phagocytes that reside in the nervous system. We show that inhibiting the EGF-signaling pathway enhances cell death in this type of cell, an effect paralleled by a substantial reduction in axonal regeneration. Therefore, complementing our previous observation that Lymnaea EGF provides trophic support to axotomized neurons, the present results emphasize the significance of nonneuronal actions of EGF receptor ligands in axonal regeneration. Thus, we add a novel perspective to the ongoing discussion on the functional significance of the EGF signaling system in the injury responses of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra M Hermann
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Jennemann R, Sandhoff R, Wang S, Kiss E, Gretz N, Zuliani C, Martin-Villalba A, Jäger R, Schorle H, Kenzelmann M, Bonrouhi M, Wiegandt H, Gröne HJ. Cell-specific deletion of glucosylceramide synthase in brain leads to severe neural defects after birth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:12459-64. [PMID: 16109770 PMCID: PMC1194904 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0500893102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids, i.e., gangliosides, constitute a major component of neuronal cells and are thought to be essential for brain function. UDP-glucose:ceramide glucosyltransferase (Ugcg) catalyzes the initial step of glycosphingolipid (GSL) biosynthesis. To gain insight into the role of GSLs in brain development and function, a cell-specific disruption of Ugcg was performed as indicated by the absence of virtually all glucosylceramide-based GSLs. Shortly after birth, mice showed dysfunction of cerebellum and peripheral nerves, associated with structural defects. Axon branching of Purkinje cells was significantly reduced. In primary cultures of neurons, dendritic complexity was clearly diminished, and pruning occurred early. Myelin sheaths of peripheral nerves were broadened and focally severely disorganized. GSL deficiency also led to a down-regulation of gene expression sets involved in brain development and homeostasis. Mice died approximately 3 weeks after birth. These results imply that GSLs are essential for brain maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Jennemann
- Abteilungen Zelluläre und Molekulare Pathologie, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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21
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Buchstaller J, Sommer L, Bodmer M, Hoffmann R, Suter U, Mantei N. Efficient isolation and gene expression profiling of small numbers of neural crest stem cells and developing Schwann cells. J Neurosci 2004; 24:2357-65. [PMID: 15014110 PMCID: PMC6729482 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4083-03.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells develop from multipotent neural crest stem cells and are important for neuronal survival, maintenance of axonal integrity, and myelination. We used transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein in a tissue-specific manner to isolate viable, pure populations of neural crest stem cells and developing Schwann cells, which are not readily accessible by microdissection. Starting with the minute amounts of RNA obtained, a two-round amplification procedure was used to achieve reproducible DNA array hybridizations. We validated our screening procedure by comparisons with the literature and by in situ hybridization. Stage-to-stage comparisons and hierarchical clustering for neural crest and five stages of Schwann cell development suggest a wealth of candidates for genes involved in stem cell regulation and in early Schwann cell development. The combination of methods applied in this study should be generally useful for isolating and profiling other stem cell and difficult to isolate cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Buchstaller
- Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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22
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Bartolami S, Augé C, Travo C, Ventéo S, Knipper M, Sans A. Vestibular Schwann cells are a distinct subpopulation of peripheral glia with specific sensitivity to growth factors and extracellular matrix components. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 57:270-90. [PMID: 14608663 DOI: 10.1002/neu.10302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Vestibular nerve Schwann cells are predisposed to develop schwannoma. While knowledge concerning this condition has greatly improved, little is known about properties of normal vestibular Schwann cells. In an attempt to understand this predisposition, we evaluated cell density regulation and proliferative features of these cells taken from 6-day-old rats. Data were compared to those obtained with sciatic Schwann cells. In both vestibular and sciatic 7-day-old cultures, Schwann cells appear as bipolar or flattened cells. However, sciatic and vestibular cells greatly differ in other aspects: on poly-L-lysine coating, sciatic cells specifically synthesize myelin basic protein, while expression of P0 mRNAs is restricted to some vestibular cells. Laminin increases sciatic cell density but not that of vestibular cells. Fibronectin selectively enhances the proliferation of vestibular Schwann cells and lacks an effect on sciatic ones. Comparison of cell density changes between sciatic and vestibular cells shows that they are sensitive to two different sets of growth factors. Progesterone and FGF-2 combined with forskolin selectively enhance the cell density of sciatic glia, while IGF-1 and GDNF specifically increase vestibular cell density. Furthermore, BrdU incorporation assays indicate that GDNF is also a mitogen for vestibular cells. Altogether, vestibular Schwann cells display phenotypic features and responsiveness to exogenous signals that are significantly different from sciatic Schwann cells, suggesting that vestibular glia form a subpopulation of Schwann cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Bartolami
- INSERM U583, Université Montpellier II, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier, France.
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Abstract
Large-scale sources of neural stem cells are crucial for both basic research and novel approaches toward treating neurological disorders. Three sources that produce neural cells closely resembling their normal counterparts are now available: oncogene immortalized stem cells, neurospheres, and embryonic stem cell (ES)-derived neural cells. Cells including multiple subtypes of CNS and PNS neurons, as well as oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, and astrocytes, are modeled by these large-scale sources. Although most cell lines were originally from rodents, their human counterparts are being discovered and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I Gottlieb
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
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Smith PM, Lakatos A, Barnett SC, Jeffery ND, Franklin RJM. Cryopreserved cells isolated from the adult canine olfactory bulb are capable of extensive remyelination following transplantation into the adult rat CNS. Exp Neurol 2002; 176:402-6. [PMID: 12359182 DOI: 10.1006/exnr.2002.7936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring spinal cord injury in dogs provides a potentially powerful intermediate model for testing the efficacy of therapeutic strategies developed in experimental rodent models before phase 1 trials in human patients. A particularly promising strategy involves transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) that both promote axon regeneration and generate new myelin sheaths. As a first step in developing OEC transplantation in the canine intermediate model we describe the isolation, purification, and characterization of OECs from adult dog olfactory bulb. We also show that the canine OEC behaves in a manner similar to its rodent counterpart following transplantation into demyelinating lesions in rat spinal cord and that these properties are retained following cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Smith
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Schwann cells are the major glial population of the vertebrate peripheral nervous system. In the adult, they build a protecting sheath around neuronal processes and myelinate large-caliber axons. Already early in development, Schwann cells and neurons establish close contacts. Later development and the maintenance of peripheral nerves are crucially dependent on the controlled bi-directional dialogue between these two cell types. Several major phases can be distinguished in the life of a Schwann cell: determination, differentiation, and potentially myelination. The aim of this review is to summarize the molecular and cellular characteristics of the first steps in the life of a Schwann cell, the development from a multipotent neural crest cell to a differentiated Schwann cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian S Lobsiger
- Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH-Hönggerberg, Zurich
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