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Abstract
In the view of progressively aging human population and increased occurrence of dysmetabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, cognitive impairment becomes a major threat to the national health. To date, the molecular mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction are partially described for diabetes and diseases of different nature, such as Alzheimer disease or Parkinson disease. The emergence of data pointing towards pleotropic effects of hypoglycaemic medicines indicates involvement of their targets in pathogenesis of cognitive impairment. We are aiming here to review available data on the most widely used hypoglycaemic drug, glibenclamide and find possible relationship of its targets to the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Zubov
- I.P. Pavlov Department of Physiology, Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Institute of Experimental Medicine", St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Zamira Muruzheva
- I.P. Pavlov Department of Physiology, Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Institute of Experimental Medicine", St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria Tikhomirova
- I.P. Pavlov Department of Physiology, Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Institute of Experimental Medicine", St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marina Karpenko
- I.P. Pavlov Department of Physiology, Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Institute of Experimental Medicine", St. Petersburg, Russia
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2
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Pharmacological Modulation and (Patho)Physiological Roles of TRPM4 Channel-Part 2: TRPM4 in Health and Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 15:ph15010040. [PMID: 35056097 PMCID: PMC8779181 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) is a unique member of the TRPM protein family and, similarly to TRPM5, is Ca2+ sensitive and permeable for monovalent but not divalent cations. It is widely expressed in many organs and is involved in several functions; it regulates membrane potential and Ca2+ homeostasis in both excitable and non-excitable cells. This part of the review discusses the currently available knowledge about the physiological and pathophysiological roles of TRPM4 in various tissues. These include the physiological functions of TRPM4 in the cells of the Langerhans islets of the pancreas, in various immune functions, in the regulation of vascular tone, in respiratory and other neuronal activities, in chemosensation, and in renal and cardiac physiology. TRPM4 contributes to pathological conditions such as overactive bladder, endothelial dysfunction, various types of malignant diseases and central nervous system conditions including stroke and injuries as well as in cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, hypertrophy, and ischemia-reperfusion injuries. TRPM4 claims more and more attention and is likely to be the topic of research in the future.
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3
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Wen SJ, Zheng XM, Liu LF, Li NN, Mao HA, Huang L, Yuan QL. Effects of primary microglia and astrocytes on neural stem cells in in vitro and in vivo models of ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1677-1685. [PMID: 33510055 PMCID: PMC8328755 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.306093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) can protect neurons in animal stroke models; however, their low rates of survival and neuronal differentiation limit their clinical application. Glial niches, an important location of neural stem cells, regulate survival, proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. However, the effects of activated glial cells on neural stem cells remain unclear. In the present study, we explored the effects of activated astrocytes and microglia on neural stem cells in vitro stroke models. We also investigated the effects of combined transplantation of neural stem cells and glial cells after stroke in rats. In a Transwell co-culture system, primary cultured astrocytes, microglia or mixed glial cells were exposed to glutamate or H2O2 and then seeded in the upper inserts, while primary neural stem cells were seeded in the lower uncoated wells and cultured for 7 days. Our results showed that microglia were conducive to neurosphere formation and had no effects on apoptosis within neurospheres, while astrocytes and mixed glial cells were conducive to neurosphere differentiation and reduced apoptosis within neurospheres, regardless of their pretreatment. In contrast, microglia and astrocytes induced neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells in differentiation medium, regardless of their pretreatment, with an exception of astrocytes pretreated with H2O2. Rat models of ischemic stroke were established by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Three days later, 5 × 105 neural stem cells with microglia or astrocytes were injected into the right lateral ventricle. Neural stem cell/astrocyte-treated rats displayed better improvement of neurological deficits than neural stem cell only-treated rats at 4 days after cell transplantation. Moreover, neural stem cell/microglia-, and neural stem cell/astrocyte-treated rats showed a significant decrease in ischemic volume compared with neural stem cell-treated rats. These findings indicate that microglia and astrocytes exert different effects on neural stem cells, and that co-transplantation of neural stem cells and astrocytes is more conducive to the recovery of neurological impairment in rats with ischemic stroke. The study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Tongji University School of Medicine, China (approval No. 2010-TJAA08220401) in 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jun Wen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Min Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Fen Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Na-Na Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-An Mao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong-Lan Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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4
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Dos Santos IRC, Dias MNC, Gomes-Leal W. Microglial activation and adult neurogenesis after brain stroke. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:456-459. [PMID: 32985465 PMCID: PMC7996005 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.291383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery that new neurons are produced in some regions of the adult mammalian brain is a paradigm-shift in neuroscience research. These new-born cells are produced from neuroprogenitors mainly in the subventricular zone at the margin of the lateral ventricle, subgranular zone in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and in the striatum, a component of the basal ganglia, even in humans. In the human hippocampus, neuroblasts are produced even in elderlies. The regulation of adult neurogenesis is a complex phenomenon involving a multitude of molecules, neurotransmitters and soluble factors released by different sources including glial cells. Microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system, are considered to play an important role on the regulation of adult neurogenesis both in physiological and pathological conditions. Following stroke and other acute neural disorders, there is an increase in the numbers of neuroblast production in the neurogenic niches. Microglial activation is believed to display both beneficial and detrimental role on adult neurogenesis after stroke, depending on the activation level and brain location. In this article, we review the scientific evidence addressing the role of microglial activation on adult neurogenesis after ischemia. A comprehensive understanding of the microglial role after stroke and other neural disorders it is an important step for development of future therapies based on manipulation of adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ijair R C Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará-Brazil, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Michelle Nerissa C Dias
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará-Brazil, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Walace Gomes-Leal
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará-Brazil, Belém-Pará, Brazil
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Tsymbalyuk O, Gerzanich V, Mumtaz A, Andhavarapu S, Ivanova S, Makar TK, Sansur CA, Keller A, Nakamura Y, Bryan J, Simard JM. SUR1, newly expressed in astrocytes, mediates neuropathic pain in a mouse model of peripheral nerve injury. Mol Pain 2021; 17:17448069211006603. [PMID: 33788643 PMCID: PMC8020112 DOI: 10.1177/17448069211006603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain following peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is linked to neuroinflammation in the spinal cord marked by astrocyte activation and upregulation of interleukin 6 (IL-6), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), with inhibition of each individually being beneficial in pain models. METHODS Wild type (WT) mice and mice with global or pGfap-cre- or pGFAP-cre/ERT2-driven Abcc8/SUR1 deletion or global Trpm4 deletion underwent unilateral sciatic nerve cuffing. WT mice received prophylactic (starting on post-operative day [pod]-0) or therapeutic (starting on pod-21) administration of the SUR1 antagonist, glibenclamide (10 µg IP) daily. We measured mechanical and thermal sensitivity using von Frey filaments and an automated Hargreaves method. Spinal cord tissues were evaluated for SUR1-TRPM4, IL-6, CCL2 and CXCL1. RESULTS Sciatic nerve cuffing in WT mice resulted in pain behaviors (mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia) and newly upregulated SUR1-TRPM4 in dorsal horn astrocytes. Global and pGfap-cre-driven Abcc8 deletion and global Trpm4 deletion prevented development of pain behaviors. In mice with Abcc8 deletion regulated by pGFAP-cre/ERT2, after pain behaviors were established, delayed silencing of Abcc8 by tamoxifen resulted in gradual improvement over the next 14 days. After PNI, leakage of the blood-spinal barrier allowed entry of glibenclamide into the affected dorsal horn. Daily repeated administration of glibenclamide, both prophylactically and after allodynia was established, prevented or reduced allodynia. The salutary effects of glibenclamide on pain behaviors correlated with reduced expression of IL-6, CCL2 and CXCL1 by dorsal horn astrocytes. CONCLUSION SUR1-TRPM4 may represent a novel non-addicting target for neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orest Tsymbalyuk
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Volodymyr Gerzanich
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aaida Mumtaz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sanketh Andhavarapu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Svetlana Ivanova
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tapas K Makar
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System,
Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles A Sansur
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Asaf Keller
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland
School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yumiko Nakamura
- Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute, Seattle, WA,
USA
| | - Joseph Bryan
- Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute, Seattle, WA,
USA
| | - J Marc Simard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System,
Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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6
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Fisch U, Brégère C, Geier F, Chicha L, Guzman R. Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia in rat elicits a region-specific neurotrophic response in SVZ microglia. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:26. [PMID: 31954397 PMCID: PMC6969423 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-1706-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent findings describe microglia as modulators of neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ). SVZ microglia in the adult rat are thought to adopt a neurotrophic phenotype after ischemic stroke. Early postnatal microglia are endogenously activated and may therefore exhibit an increased sensitivity to neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI). The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of cortico-striatal HI on the microglial phenotype, function, and gene expression in the early postnatal SVZ. METHODS Postnatal day (P)7 rats underwent sham or right-hemispheric HI surgery. Microglia in the SVZ, the uninjured cortex, and corpus callosum were immunohistochemically analyzed at P10, P20, and P40. The transcriptome of microdissected SVZ and cortical microglia was analyzed at P10 and P20, and the effect of P10 SVZ microglia on neurosphere generation in vitro was studied. RESULTS The microglial response to HI was region-specific. In the SVZ, a microglial accumulation, prolonged activation and phagocytosis was noted that was not observed in the cortex and corpus callosum. The transcriptome of SVZ microglia and cortical microglia were distinct, and after HI, SVZ microglia concurrently upregulated pro- and anti-inflammatory as well as neurotrophic genes. In vitro, microglia isolated from the SVZ supported neurosphere generation in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Microglia are an inherent cellular component of the early postnatal SVZ and undergo developmental changes that are affected on many aspects by neonatal HI injury. Our results demonstrate that early postnatal SVZ microglia are sensitive to HI injury and display a long-lasting region-specific response including neurotrophic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs Fisch
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Brain ischemia and regeneration, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Catherine Brégère
- Brain ischemia and regeneration, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Geier
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Department of Biomedicine, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laurie Chicha
- Brain ischemia and regeneration, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Guzman
- Brain ischemia and regeneration, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Al-Karagholi MAM, Ghanizada H, Hansen JM, Aghazadeh S, Skovgaard LT, Olesen J, Ashina M. Extracranial activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels induces vasodilation without nociceptive effects. Cephalalgia 2019; 39:1789-1797. [DOI: 10.1177/0333102419888490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Levcromakalim opens ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel) and induces head pain in healthy volunteers and migraine headache in migraine patients, but no pain in other parts of the body. KATP channels are expressed in C- and Aδ-fibers, and these channels might directly activate nociceptors and thereby evoke pain in humans. Methods To assess the local effect of KATP channel opening in trigeminal and extra-trigeminal regions, we performed a crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in healthy volunteers. Participants received intradermal and intramuscular injections of levcromakalim and placebo in the forehead and the forearms. Results Intradermal and intramuscular injections of levcromakalim did not evoke more pain compared to placebo in the forehead ( p > 0.05) and the forearms ( p > 0.05). Intradermal injection of levcromakalim caused more flare ( p < 0.001 ), skin temperature increase ( p < 0.001), and skin blood flow increase ( p < 0.001) compared to placebo in the forehead and the forearms. Conclusion These findings suggest that it is unlikely that levcromakalim induces head pain by direct activation of peripheral neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al-Mahdi Al-Karagholi
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Hashmat Ghanizada
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Jakob Møller Hansen
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Sameera Aghazadeh
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Lene Theil Skovgaard
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Jes Olesen
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
- Glostrup Research Park, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Messoud Ashina
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
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Luu W, Bjork J, Salo E, Entenmann N, Jurgenson T, Fisher C, Klein AH. Modulation of SUR1 K ATP Channel Subunit Activity in the Peripheral Nervous System Reduces Mechanical Hyperalgesia after Nerve Injury in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2251. [PMID: 31067750 PMCID: PMC6539735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP) is involved in hypersensitivity during chronic pain and is presumed to be a downstream target of mu opioid receptors. Multiple subtypes of KATP channels exist in the peripheral and central nervous system and their activity may be inversely correlated to chronic pain phenotypes in rodents. In this study, we investigated the different KATP channel subunits that could be involved in neuropathic pain in mice. In chronic pain models utilizing spinal nerve ligation, SUR1 and Kir6.2 subunits were found to be significantly downregulated in dorsal root ganglia and the spinal cord. Local or intrathecal administration of SUR1-KATP channel subtype agonists resulted in analgesia after spinal nerve ligation but not SUR2 agonists. In ex-vivo nerve recordings, administration of the SUR1 agonist diazoxide to peripheral nerve terminals decreased mechanically evoked potentials. Genetic knockdown of SUR1 through an associated adenoviral strategy resulted in mechanical hyperalgesia but not thermal hyperalgesia compared to control mice. Behavioral data from neuropathic mice indicate that local reductions in SUR1-subtype KATP channel activity can exacerbate neuropathic pain symptoms. Since neuropathic pain is of major clinical relevance, potassium channels present a target for analgesic therapies, especially since they are expressed in nociceptors and could play an essential role in regulating the excitability of neurons involved in pain-transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Luu
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA.
| | - James Bjork
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA.
| | - Erin Salo
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA.
| | - Nicole Entenmann
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA.
| | - Taylor Jurgenson
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA.
| | - Cole Fisher
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA.
| | - Amanda H Klein
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA.
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Albrecht DS, Mainero C, Ichijo E, Ward N, Granziera C, Zürcher NR, Akeju O, Bonnier G, Price J, Hooker JM, Napadow V, Loggia ML, Hadjikhani N. Imaging of neuroinflammation in migraine with aura: A [ 11C]PBR28 PET/MRI study. Neurology 2019; 92:e2038-e2050. [PMID: 30918090 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if migraine with aura is associated with neuroinflammation, which has been suggested by preclinical models of cortical spreading depression (CSD) as well as imaging of human pain conditions. METHODS Thirteen migraineurs with aura and 16 healthy controls received integrated PET/MRI brain scans with [11C]PBR28, a radioligand that binds to the 18 kDa translocator protein, a marker of glial activation. Standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) was compared between groups, and regressed against clinical variables, using region of interest and whole-brain voxelwise analyses. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, migraineurs demonstrated SUVR elevations in nociceptive processing areas (e.g., thalamus and primary/secondary somatosensory and insular cortices) as well as in areas previously shown to be involved in CSD generation (visual cortex). SUVR levels in frontoinsular cortex, primary/secondary somatosensory cortices, and basal ganglia were correlated with frequency of migraine attacks. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that migraine with aura is associated with neuroimmune activation/neuroinflammation, and support a possible link between CSD and glial activation, previously observed in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Albrecht
- From the A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown
| | - Caterina Mainero
- From the A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown
| | - Eri Ichijo
- From the A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown
| | - Noreen Ward
- From the A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown
| | - Cristina Granziera
- From the A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown
| | - Nicole R Zürcher
- From the A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown
| | - Oluwaseun Akeju
- From the A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown
| | - Guillaume Bonnier
- From the A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown
| | - Julie Price
- From the A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown
| | - Jacob M Hooker
- From the A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown
| | - Vitaly Napadow
- From the A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown
| | - Marco L Loggia
- From the A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown
| | - Nouchine Hadjikhani
- From the A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown.
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10
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Castro L, Noelia M, Vidal-Jorge M, Sánchez-Ortiz D, Gándara D, Martínez-Saez E, Cicuéndez M, Poca MA, Simard JM, Sahuquillo J. Kir6.2, the Pore-Forming Subunit of ATP-Sensitive K + Channels, Is Overexpressed in Human Posttraumatic Brain Contusions. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:165-175. [PMID: 29737232 PMCID: PMC7872003 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain contusions (BCs) are one of the most frequent lesions in patients with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). BCs increase their volume due to peri-lesional edema formation and/or hemorrhagic transformation. This may have deleterious consequences and its mechanisms are still poorly understood. We previously identified de novo upregulation sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) 1, the regulatory subunit of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels and other channels, in human BCs. Our aim here was to study the expression of the pore-forming subunit of KATP, Kir6.2, in human BCs, and identify its localization in different cell types. Protein levels of Kir6.2 were detected by western blot (WB) from 33 contusion specimens obtained from 32 TBI patients aged 14-74 years. The evaluation of Kir6.2 expression in different cell types was performed by immunofluorescence in 29 contusion samples obtained from 28 patients with a median age of 42 years. Control samples were obtained from limited brain resections performed to access extra-axial skull base tumors or intraventricular lesions. Contusion specimens showed an increase of Kir6.2 expression in comparison with controls. Regarding cellular location of Kir6.2, there was no expression of this channel subunit in blood vessels, either in control samples or in contusions. The expression of Kir6.2 in neurons and microglia was also analyzed, but the observed differences were not statistically significant. However, a significant increase of Kir6.2 was found in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cells in contusion specimens. Our data suggest that further research on SUR1-regulated ionic channels may lead to a better understanding of key mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of BCs, and may identify novel targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Castro
- Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit (UNINN), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montoya Noelia
- Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit (UNINN), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marian Vidal-Jorge
- Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit (UNINN), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Sánchez-Ortiz
- Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit (UNINN), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Darío Gándara
- Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit (UNINN), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Martínez-Saez
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Cicuéndez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Antonia Poca
- Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit (UNINN), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. Marc Simard
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Physiology, and Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Juan Sahuquillo
- Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit (UNINN), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Vidal-Taboada JM, Pugliese M, Salvadó M, Gámez J, Mahy N, Rodríguez MJ. K ATP Channel Expression and Genetic Polymorphisms Associated with Progression and Survival in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:7962-7972. [PMID: 29492846 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0970-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel directly regulates the microglia-mediated inflammatory response following CNS injury. To determine the putative role of the KATP channel in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pathology, we investigated whether ALS induces changes in KATP channel expression in the spinal cord and motor cortex. We also characterized new functional variants of human ABCC8, ABCC9, KCNJ8, and KCNJ11 genes encoding for the KATP channel and analyzed their association with ALS risk, rate of progression, and survival in a Spanish ALS cohort. The expression of ABCC8 and KCNJ8 genes was enhanced in the spinal cord of ALS samples, and KCNJ11 increased in motor cortex of ALS samples, as determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. We then sequenced the exons and regulatory regions of KATP channel genes from a subset of 28 ALS patients and identified 50 new genetic variants. For the case-control association analysis, we genotyped five selected polymorphisms with predicted functional relevance in 185 Spanish ALS (134 spinal ALS and 51 bulbar ALS) patients and 493 controls. We found that bulbar ALS patients presenting the G/G genotype of the rs4148646 variant of ABCC8 and the T/T genotype of the rs5219 variant of KCNJ11 survived longer than other ALS patients presenting other genotypes. Also, the C/C genotype of the rs4148642 variant of ABCC8 and the T/C genotype of the rs148416760 variant of ABCC9 modified the progression rate in spinal ALS patients. Our results suggest that the KATP channel plays a role in the pathophysiological mechanisms of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Vidal-Taboada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institut de Neurociències, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Pugliese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institut de Neurociències, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Salvadó
- ALS Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron - VHIR, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Gámez
- ALS Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron - VHIR, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicole Mahy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institut de Neurociències, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel J Rodríguez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institut de Neurociències, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Unitat de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Department of Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, UB, c/ Casanova 143, E-08036, Barcelona, Spain.
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Qu J, Tao XY, Teng P, Zhang Y, Guo CL, Hu L, Qian YN, Jiang CY, Liu WT. Blocking ATP-sensitive potassium channel alleviates morphine tolerance by inhibiting HSP70-TLR4-NLRP3-mediated neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:228. [PMID: 29178967 PMCID: PMC5702153 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0997-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term use of morphine induces analgesic tolerance, which limits its clinical efficacy. Evidence indicated morphine-evoked neuroinflammation mediated by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) - NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome was important for morphine tolerance. In our study, we investigated whether other existing alternative pathways caused morphine-induced activation of TLR4 in microglia. We focused on heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), which was released from various cells upon stimulations under the control of KATP channel and bound with TLR4-inducing inflammation. Glibenclamide, a classic KATP channel blocker, can improve neuroinflammation by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Our present study investigated the effect and possible mechanism of glibenclamide in improving morphine tolerance via its specific inhibition on the release of HSP70 and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome induced by morphine. METHODS CD-1 mice were used for tail-flick test to evaluate morphine tolerance. The microglial cell line BV-2 and neural cell line SH-SY5Y were used to investigate the pharmacological effects and the mechanism of glibenclamide on morphine-induced neuroinflammation. The activation of microglia was accessed by immunofluorescence staining. Neuroinflammation-related cytokines were measured by western blot and real-time PCR. The level of HSP70 and related signaling pathway were evaluated by western blot and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Morphine induced the release of HSP70 from neurons. The released HSP70 activated microglia and triggered TLR4-mediated inflammatory response, leading to the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 and the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Moreover, anti-HSP70 neutralizing antibody partly attenuated chronic morphine tolerance. The secretion of HSP70 was under the control of MOR/AKT/KATP/ERK signal pathway. Glibenclamide as a classic KATP channel blocker markedly inhibited the release of HSP70 induced by morphine and suppressed HSP70-TLR4-NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation, which consequently attenuated morphine tolerance. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that morphine-induced extracellular HSP70 was an alternative way for the activation of TLR4-NLRP3 in analgesic tolerance. The release of HSP70 was regulated by MOR/AKT/KATP/ERK pathway. Our study suggested a promising target, KATP channel and a new leading compound, glibenclamide, for treating morphine tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qu
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Xue-You Tao
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Yangzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated with Yangzhou Medical University, Yangzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Teng
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.,Research Division of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ci-Liang Guo
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Yan-Ning Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Yi Jiang
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
| | - Wen-Tao Liu
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China. .,Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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A Protective Role of Glibenclamide in Inflammation-Associated Injury. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:3578702. [PMID: 28740332 PMCID: PMC5504948 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3578702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glibenclamide is the most widely used sulfonylurea drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Recent studies have suggested that glibenclamide reduced adverse neuroinflammation and improved behavioral outcomes following central nervous system (CNS) injury. We reviewed glibenclamide's anti-inflammatory effects: abundant evidences have shown that glibenclamide exerted an anti-inflammatory effect in respiratory, digestive, urological, cardiological, and CNS diseases, as well as in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Glibenclamide might block KATP channel, Sur1-Trpm4 channel, and NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, decrease the production of proinflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, and reactive oxygen species), and suppress the accumulation of inflammatory cells. Glibenclamide's anti-inflammation warrants further investigation.
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Martínez-Moreno M, Batlle M, Ortega FJ, Gimeno-Bayón J, Andrade C, Mahy N, Rodríguez MJ. Diazoxide enhances excitotoxicity-induced neurogenesis and attenuates neurodegeneration in the rat non-neurogenic hippocampus. Neuroscience 2016; 333:229-43. [PMID: 27471195 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diazoxide, a well-known mitochondrial KATP channel opener with neuroprotective effects, has been proposed for the effective and safe treatment of neuroinflammation. To test whether diazoxide affects the neurogenesis associated with excitotoxicity in brain injury, we induced lesions by injecting excitotoxic N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) into the rat hippocampus and analyzed the effects of a daily oral administration of diazoxide on the induced lesion. Specific glial and neuronal staining showed that NMDA elicited a strong glial reaction associated with progressive neuronal loss in the whole hippocampal formation. Doublecortin immunohistochemistry and bromo-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-NeuN double immunohistochemistry revealed that NMDA also induced cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the lesioned non-neurogenic hippocampus. Furthermore, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cells in the injured hippocampus expressed transcription factor Sp8 indicating that the excitotoxic lesion elicited the migration of progenitors from the subventricular zone and/or the reprograming of reactive astrocytes. Diazoxide treatment attenuated the NMDA-induced hippocampal injury in rats, as demonstrated by decreases in the size of the lesion, neuronal loss and microglial reaction. Diazoxide also increased the number of BrdU/NeuN double-stained cells and elevated the number of Sp8-positive cells in the lesioned hippocampus. These results indicate a role for KATP channel activation in regulating excitotoxicity-induced neurogenesis in brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martínez-Moreno
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Batlle
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - F J Ortega
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Gimeno-Bayón
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Andrade
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Mahy
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M J Rodríguez
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain.
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16
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Kurland DB, Gerzanich V, Karimy JK, Woo SK, Vennekens R, Freichel M, Nilius B, Bryan J, Simard JM. The Sur1-Trpm4 channel regulates NOS2 transcription in TLR4-activated microglia. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:130. [PMID: 27246103 PMCID: PMC4888589 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0599-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Harmful effects of activated microglia are due, in part, to the formation of peroxynitrite radicals, which is attributable to the upregulation of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS2). Because NOS2 expression is determined by Ca2+-sensitive calcineurin (CN) dephosphorylating nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), and because Sur1-Trpm4 channels are crucial for regulating Ca2+ influx, we hypothesized that, in activated microglia, Sur1-Trpm4 channels play a central role in regulating CN/NFAT and downstream target genes such as Nos2. Methods We studied microglia in vivo and in primary culture from adult rats, and from wild type, Abcc8−/− and Trpm4−/− mice, and immortalized N9 microglia, following activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), using in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, co-immunoprecipitation, immunoblot, qPCR, patch clamp electrophysiology, calcium imaging, the Griess assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Results In microglia in vivo and in vitro, LPS activation of TLR4 led to de novo upregulation of Sur1-Trpm4 channels and CN/NFAT-dependent upregulation of Nos2 mRNA, NOS2 protein, and NO. Pharmacological inhibition of Sur1 (glibenclamide), Trpm4 (9-phenanthrol), or gene silencing of Abcc8 or Trpm4 reduced Nos2 upregulation. Inhibiting Sur1-Trpm4 increased the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), as expected, but also decreased NFAT nuclear translocation. The increase in [Ca2+]i induced by inhibiting or silencing Sur1-Trpm4 resulted in phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin protein kinase II and of CN, consistent with reduced nuclear translocation of NFAT. The regulation of NFAT by Sur1-Trpm4 was confirmed using chromatin immunoprecipitation. Conclusions Sur1-Trpm4 constitutes a novel mechanism by which TLR4-activated microglia regulate pro-inflammatory, Ca2+-sensitive gene expression, including Nos2.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Kurland
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St., Suite S12D, Baltimore, MD, 21201-1595, USA. .,Neurosurgery Research Laboratories, 10 S. Pine St, Baltimore, MD, 21201-1595, USA.
| | - Volodymyr Gerzanich
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St., Suite S12D, Baltimore, MD, 21201-1595, USA
| | - Jason K Karimy
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St., Suite S12D, Baltimore, MD, 21201-1595, USA
| | - Seung Kyoon Woo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St., Suite S12D, Baltimore, MD, 21201-1595, USA
| | - Rudi Vennekens
- Department Cell Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Ion Channel Research, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49-Bus 802, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Marc Freichel
- Pharmakologisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Bernd Nilius
- Department Cell Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Ion Channel Research, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49-Bus 802, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Joseph Bryan
- Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute, 720 Broadway, Seattle, WA, 98122, USA
| | - J Marc Simard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St., Suite S12D, Baltimore, MD, 21201-1595, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Su P, Zhang J, Zhao F, Aschner M, Chen J, Luo W. The interaction between microglia and neural stem/precursor cells. Brain Res Bull 2014; 109:32-8. [PMID: 25245208 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In the adult mammalian brain, neurogenesis from neural stem/precursor cell occurs within two regions, the subgranular zone (SGZ) in the dentate gyrus (DG) and the subventricular zone (SVZ) lining the lateral ventricles. The function of neural stem cell is enhanced by external stimuli, such as injury and inflammation. Microglia, as the main immune modulating cells, play important roles in the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, select discoveries reported that microglia might influence the proliferation, differentiation and survival of neural precursor cells (NPCs). Other studies revealed that NPCs might reversibly regulate the function of microglia. Accordingly, in this review we focus on the interaction between microglia and NPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Su
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Wenjing Luo
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
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