1
|
Chang Y, Zhu J, Li X, Deng Y, Lai B, Ma Y, Tong J, Liu H, Li J, Yang C, Chen Q, Lu C, Liang Y, Qi S, Wang X, Kong E. Palmitoylation regulates myelination by modulating the ZDHHC3-Cadm4 axis in the central nervous system. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:254. [PMID: 39327467 PMCID: PMC11427461 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01971-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The downregulation of Cadm4 (Cell adhesion molecular 4) is a prominent feature in demyelination diseases, yet, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, we reveal that Cadm4 undergoes specific palmitoylation at cysteine-347 (C347), which is crucial for its stable localization on the plasma membrane (PM). Mutation of C347 to alanine (C347A), blocking palmitoylation, causes Cadm4 internalization from the PM and subsequent degradation. In vivo experiments introducing the C347A mutation (Cadm4-KI) lead to severe myelin abnormalities in the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by loss, demyelination, and hypermyelination. We further identify ZDHHC3 (Zinc finger DHHC-type palmitoyltransferase 3) as the enzyme responsible for catalyzing Cadm4 palmitoylation. Depletion of ZDHHC3 reduces Cadm4 palmitoylation and diminishes its PM localization. Remarkably, genetic deletion of ZDHHC3 results in decreased Cadm4 palmitoylation and defects in CNS myelination, phenocopying the Cadm4-KI mouse model. Consequently, altered Cadm4 palmitoylation impairs neuronal transmission and cognitive behaviors in both Cadm4-KI and ZDHHC3 knockout mice. Importantly, attenuated ZDHHC3-Cadm4 signaling significantly influences neuroinflammation in diverse demyelination diseases. Mechanistically, we demonstrate the predominant expression of Cadm4 in the oligodendrocyte lineage and its potential role in modulating cell differentiation via the WNT-β-Catenin pathway. Together, our findings propose that dysregulated ZDHHC3-Cadm4 signaling contributes to myelin abnormalities, suggesting a common pathological mechanism underlying demyelination diseases associated with neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Chang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Protein Palmitoylation and Major Human Diseases, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jiangli Zhu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yi Deng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Protein Palmitoylation and Major Human Diseases, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Birou Lai
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Protein Palmitoylation and Major Human Diseases, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yidan Ma
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jia Tong
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Protein Palmitoylation and Major Human Diseases, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Huicong Liu
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Protein Palmitoylation and Major Human Diseases, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Protein Palmitoylation and Major Human Diseases, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chenyu Yang
- Center of Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chengbiao Lu
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Protein Palmitoylation and Major Human Diseases, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yinming Liang
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Protein Palmitoylation and Major Human Diseases, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shiqian Qi
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Eryan Kong
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Protein Palmitoylation and Major Human Diseases, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wibbe N, Steinbacher T, Tellkamp F, Beckmann N, Brinkmann F, Stecher M, Gerke V, Niessen CM, Ebnet K. RhoGDI1 regulates cell-cell junctions in polarized epithelial cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1279723. [PMID: 39086660 PMCID: PMC11288927 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1279723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell contact formation of polarized epithelial cells is a multi-step process that involves the co-ordinated activities of Rho family small GTPases. Consistent with the central role of Rho GTPases, a number of Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and Rho GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) have been identified at cell-cell junctions at various stages of junction maturation. As opposed to RhoGEFs and RhoGAPs, the role of Rho GDP dissociation inhibitors (GDIs) during cell-cell contact formation is poorly understood. Here, we have analyzed the role of RhoGDI1/ARHGDIA, a member of the RhoGDI family, during cell-cell contact formation of polarized epithelial cells. Depletion of RhoGDI1 delays the development of linear cell-cell junctions and the formation of barrier-forming tight junctions. In addition, RhoGDI1 depletion impairs the ability of cells to stop migration in response to cell collision and increases the migration velocity of collectively migrating cells. We also find that the cell adhesion receptor JAM-A promotes the recruitment of RhoGDI1 to cell-cell contacts. Our findings implicate RhoGDI1 in various processes involving the dynamic reorganization of cell-cell junctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolina Wibbe
- Institute-Associated Research Group “Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity”, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Entzündung, University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tim Steinbacher
- Institute-Associated Research Group “Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity”, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Entzündung, University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Frederik Tellkamp
- Department Cell Biology of the Skin, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Niklas Beckmann
- Institute-Associated Research Group “Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity”, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Entzündung, University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Frauke Brinkmann
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Manuel Stecher
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Volker Gerke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University Münster, Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003—CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Carien M. Niessen
- Department Cell Biology of the Skin, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department Cell Biology of the Skin, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Klaus Ebnet
- Institute-Associated Research Group “Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity”, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Entzündung, University Münster, Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003—CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang L, Wei X. SynCAMs in Normal Vertebrate Neural Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: from the Perspective of the OCAs. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:358-371. [PMID: 37607992 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03579-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal synaptic junctions connect neurons to enable neuronal signal transmission in the nervous system. The proper establishment of synaptic connections required many adhesion molecules. Malfunctions of these adhesion molecules can result in neural development disorders and neuropsychiatric disorders. How specific synapses are established by various adhesion molecules for proper neural circuitry is a fundamental question of neuroscience. SynCAMs, also named CADMs, Necl, etc., are among the many adhesion proteins found in synapses. Here, we review the current understanding of the physical properties of SynCAMs and their roles in axon pathfinding, myelination, synaptogenesis, and synaptic plasticity. In addition, we discuss the involvement of SynCAMs in neuropsychiatric disorders. Finally, we propose that SynCAM functions can be better viewed and understood from the perspective of orientational cell adhesions (OCAs). In particular, we discuss the possibilities of how SynCAMs can be regulated at the cell-type specific expression, transcription variants, posttranslational modification, and subcellular localization to modulate the diversity of SynCAMs as OCA molecules. Being major components of the synapses, SynCAMs continue to be an important research topic of neuroscience, and many outstanding questions are waiting to be answered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Xiangyun Wei
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Developmental Biology, and Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu X, Ran K, Hu G, Yin B, Qiang B, Han W, Shu P, Peng X. Indispensable role of Nectin-like 4 in regulating synapse-related molecules, synaptic structure, and individual behavior. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22970. [PMID: 37184041 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101468rrrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Nectin-like family members (Necls) are involved in synaptic organization. In contrast to that of Necl-2/CADM1/SynCAM1, which is critical in synaptic events, investigation of Necl-4/CADM4/SynCAM4 in synapses has largely lagged behind given the particularity of homophilic self-interactions compared to interactions with other Necls. We sought to further understand the role of Necl-4 in synapses and found that knockout of Necl-4 led to aberrant expression levels of proteins mediating synaptic function in cortex homogenates and augmented accumulation of ionotropic glutamate receptor in postsynaptic density fractions, although a compensatory effect of Necl-1 on the expression levels existed. Concurrently, we also found increased synaptic clefts in the cortex and simplified dendritic morphology of primary cultured cortical neurons. Experiments on individual behaviors suggested that compared to their wild-type littermates, Necl-4-KO mice exhibited impaired acquisition of spatial memory and working memory and enhanced behavioral despair and anxiety-like behavior. These findings suggest that Necl-4 mediates synaptic function and related behaviors through an indispensable role and offer a new perspective about collaboration and specialization among Necls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Neuroscience Center, Medical Primates Research Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kunnian Ran
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Neuroscience Center, Medical Primates Research Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Geng Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Neuroscience Center, Medical Primates Research Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yin
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Neuroscience Center, Medical Primates Research Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Boqin Qiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Neuroscience Center, Medical Primates Research Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Han
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Neuroscience Center, Medical Primates Research Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pengcheng Shu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Neuroscience Center, Medical Primates Research Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhong Peng
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Neuroscience Center, Medical Primates Research Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lv T, Xu J, Yuan H, Wang J, Jiang X. Dual Function of Par3 in Tumorigenesis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:915957. [PMID: 35875120 PMCID: PMC9305838 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.915957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell maintenance and the establishment of cell polarity involve complicated interactions among multiple protein complexes as well as the regulation of different signaling pathways. As an important cell polarity protein, Par3 is evolutionarily conserved and involved in tight junction formation as well as tumorigenesis. In this review, we aimed to explore the function of Par3 in tumorigenesis. Research has shown that Par3 exhibits dual functions in human cancers, both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressive. Here, we focus on the activities of Par3 in different stages and types of tumors, aiming to offer a new perspective on the molecular mechanisms that regulate the functions of Par3 in tumor development. Tumor origin, tumor microenvironment, tumor type, cell density, cell–cell contact, and the synergistic effect of Par3 and other tumor-associated signaling pathways may be important reasons for the dual function of Par3. The important role of Par3 in mammalian tumorigenesis and potential signaling pathways is context dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lv
- Centre for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, China
- Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Fruit Wine, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province Universities of Qujing Natural History and Early Vertebrate Evolution, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, China
| | - Jiashun Xu
- Centre for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, China
| | - Hemei Yuan
- Centre for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, China
| | - Jianling Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, China
- *Correspondence: Jianling Wang, ; Xinni Jiang,
| | - Xinni Jiang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jianling Wang, ; Xinni Jiang,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The Roles of Par3, Par6, and aPKC Polarity Proteins in Normal Neurodevelopment and in Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. J Neurosci 2022; 42:4774-4793. [PMID: 35705493 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0059-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal neural circuits and functions depend on proper neuronal differentiation, migration, synaptic plasticity, and maintenance. Abnormalities in these processes underlie various neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders. Neural development and maintenance are regulated by many proteins. Among them are Par3, Par6 (partitioning defective 3 and 6), and aPKC (atypical protein kinase C) families of evolutionarily conserved polarity proteins. These proteins perform versatile functions by forming tripartite or other combinations of protein complexes, which hereafter are collectively referred to as "Par complexes." In this review, we summarize the major findings on their biophysical and biochemical properties in cell polarization and signaling pathways. We next summarize their expression and localization in the nervous system as well as their versatile functions in various aspects of neurodevelopment, including neuroepithelial polarity, neurogenesis, neuronal migration, neurite differentiation, synaptic plasticity, and memory. These versatile functions rely on the fundamental roles of Par complexes in cell polarity in distinct cellular contexts. We also discuss how cell polarization may correlate with subcellular polarization in neurons. Finally, we review the involvement of Par complexes in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. While emerging evidence indicates that Par complexes are essential for proper neural development and maintenance, many questions on their in vivo functions have yet to be answered. Thus, Par3, Par6, and aPKC continue to be important research topics to advance neuroscience.
Collapse
|
7
|
Booth DG, Kozar N, Bradley S, Meijer D. Characterizing the molecular etiology of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita in patients with LGI4 mutations. Glia 2021; 69:2605-2617. [PMID: 34288120 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of axon-glia interactions in the peripheral nervous system has emerged as a major cause of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC), a condition characterized by multiple congenital postural abnormalities involving the major joints. Several genes crucially important to the biology of Schwann cells have now been implicated with AMC. One such gene is LGI4 which encodes a secreted glycoprotein. LGI4 is expressed and secreted by Schwann cells and binds its receptor ADAM22 on the axonal membrane to drive myelination. Homozygous mutations in LGI4 or ADAM22 results in severe congenital hypomyelination and joint contractures in mice. Recently bi-allelic LGI4 loss of function mutations has been described in three unrelated families with severe AMC. Two individuals in a fourth, non-consanguineous family were found to be compound heterozygous for two LGI4 missense mutations. It is not known how these missense mutations affect the biology of LGI4. Here we investigated whether these missense mutations affected the secretion of the protein, its ADAM22 binding capacity, or its myelination-promoting function. We demonstrate that the mutations largely affect the progression of the mutant protein through the endomembrane system resulting in severely reduced expression. Importantly, binding to ADAM22 and myelination-promoting activity appear largely unaffected, suggesting that treatment with chemical chaperones to improve secretion of the mutant proteins might prove beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Booth
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and MS Society Edinburgh Centre for MS Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nina Kozar
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and MS Society Edinburgh Centre for MS Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Bradley
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and MS Society Edinburgh Centre for MS Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Dies Meijer
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and MS Society Edinburgh Centre for MS Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Differential Contribution of Cadm1-Cadm3 Cell Adhesion Molecules to Peripheral Myelinated Axons. J Neurosci 2021; 41:1393-1400. [PMID: 33397712 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2736-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion proteins of the Cadm (SynCAM/Necl) family regulate myelination and the organization of myelinated axons. In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), intercellular contact between Schwann cells and their underlying axons is believed to be mediated by binding of glial Cadm4 to axonal Cadm3 or Cadm2. Nevertheless, given that distinct neurons express different combinations of the Cadm proteins, the identity of the functional axonal ligand for Cadm4 remains to be determined. Here, we took a genetic approach to compare the phenotype of Cadm4 null mice, which exhibit abnormal distribution of Caspr and Kv1 potassium channels, with mice lacking different combinations of Cadm1-Cadm3 genes. We show that in contrast to mice lacking the single Cadm1, Cadm2, or Cadm3 genes, genetic ablation of all three phenocopies the abnormalities detected in the absence of Cadm4. Similar defects were observed in double mutant mice lacking Cadm3 and Cadm2 (i.e., Cadm3 -/- /Cadm2 -/-) or Cadm3 and Cadm1 (i.e., Cadm3 -/- /Cadm1 -/-), but not in mice lacking Cadm1 and Cadm2 (i.e., Cadm1 -/- /Cadm2 -/-). Furthermore, axonal organization abnormalities were also detected in Cadm3 null mice that were heterozygous for the two other axonal Cadms. Our results identify Cadm3 as the main axonal ligand for glial Cadm4, and reveal that its absence could be compensated by the combined action of Cadm2 and Cadm1.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Myelination by Schwann cells enables fast conduction of action potentials along motor and sensory axons. In these nerves, Schwann cell-axon contact is mediated by cell adhesion molecules of the Cadm family. Cadm4 in Schwann cells regulates axonal ensheathment and myelin wrapping, as well as the organization of the axonal membrane, but the identity of its axonal ligands is not clear. Here, we reveal that Cadm mediated axon-glia interactions depend on a hierarchical adhesion code that involves multiple family members. Our results provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms of axon-glia communication, and the function of Cadm proteins in PNS myelin.
Collapse
|
9
|
Muppirala AN, Limbach LE, Bradford EF, Petersen SC. Schwann cell development: From neural crest to myelin sheath. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2020; 10:e398. [PMID: 33145925 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrate nervous system function requires glial cells, including myelinating glia that insulate axons and provide trophic support that allows for efficient signal propagation by neurons. In vertebrate peripheral nervous systems, neural crest-derived glial cells known as Schwann cells (SCs) generate myelin by encompassing and iteratively wrapping membrane around single axon segments. SC gliogenesis and neurogenesis are intimately linked and governed by a complex molecular environment that shapes their developmental trajectory. Changes in this external milieu drive developing SCs through a series of distinct morphological and transcriptional stages from the neural crest to a variety of glial derivatives, including the myelinating sublineage. Cues originate from the extracellular matrix, adjacent axons, and the developing SC basal lamina to trigger intracellular signaling cascades and gene expression changes that specify stages and transitions in SC development. Here, we integrate the findings from in vitro neuron-glia co-culture experiments with in vivo studies investigating SC development, particularly in zebrafish and mouse, to highlight critical factors that specify SC fate. Ultimately, we connect classic biochemical and mutant studies with modern genetic and visualization tools that have elucidated the dynamics of SC development. This article is categorized under: Signaling Pathways > Cell Fate Signaling Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: Regional Development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anoohya N Muppirala
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - Sarah C Petersen
- Department of Neuroscience, Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, USA.,Department of Biology, Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wilson ER, Della-Flora Nunes G, Weaver MR, Frick LR, Feltri ML. Schwann cell interactions during the development of the peripheral nervous system. Dev Neurobiol 2020; 81:464-489. [PMID: 32281247 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Schwann cells play a critical role in the development of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), establishing important relationships both with the extracellular milieu and other cell types, particularly neurons. In this review, we discuss various Schwann cell interactions integral to the proper establishment, spatial arrangement, and function of the PNS. We include signals that cascade onto Schwann cells from axons and from the extracellular matrix, bidirectional signals that help to establish the axo-glial relationship and how Schwann cells in turn support the axon. Further, we speculate on how Schwann cell interactions with other components of the developing PNS ultimately promote the complete construction of the peripheral nerve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Wilson
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Gustavo Della-Flora Nunes
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Michael R Weaver
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Luciana R Frick
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - M Laura Feltri
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fledrich R, Kungl T, Nave KA, Stassart RM. Axo-glial interdependence in peripheral nerve development. Development 2019; 146:146/21/dev151704. [PMID: 31719044 DOI: 10.1242/dev.151704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
During the development of the peripheral nervous system, axons and myelinating Schwann cells form a unique symbiotic unit, which is realized by a finely tuned network of molecular signals and reciprocal interactions. The importance of this complex interplay becomes evident after injury or in diseases in which aspects of axo-glial interaction are perturbed. This Review focuses on the specific interdependence of axons and Schwann cells in peripheral nerve development that enables axonal outgrowth, Schwann cell lineage progression, radial sorting and, finally, formation and maintenance of the myelin sheath.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Fledrich
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany .,Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Theresa Kungl
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ruth M Stassart
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany .,Department of Neuropathology, University Clinic Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
|