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Souza MA, Peres Bomfim LG, de Barros VL, Medeiros RC, Ginsicke DC, Colovati MES, Daly T, Zanesco A. The Differential Effect of Schooling and Physical Activity on Dementia in Older Women and Men from Brazil: Implications for Policymaking. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:859-867. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Modifiable risk factors exert crucial impact on dementia. Objective: We sought to answer the question: do two modifiable risk factors, schooling level and physical activity (PA), affect cognitive function similarly in each sex? Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 and 2021, and the survey was applied to the residents of the metropolitan area of Santos, a seashore of Sao Paulo State. Four hundred and twenty-two participants (women = 254 and men = 168) were eligible. Baecke questionnaire for the elderly was applied for the classification as physically inactive (PI) or active (PA). Cognitive function was assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). Participants were also stratified by schooling status for both sexes. Results: Higher education had a sex-independent positive influence on MMSE and CDR (p < 0.001). PA influences positively MMSE in older women (PI: 25±5 and PA: 27±3, p < 0.03), but has no effect in older men (26±5 and 25±5, p > 0.05). Concordantly, older women who were PA (1.7 and 0 %) showed a lower prevalence of dementia compared with PI (6.2 and 2.1%), for mild and moderate respectively. Active older women had higher odds of improving the MMSE score (OR: 1.093; 95% CI: 1.008–1.186) than men (OR: 0.97 (95% CI: 0.896–1.051). Conclusion: Education affects cognitive function equally in Brazilian elderly whereas older women are more responsive to the beneficial effects of PA for dementia than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melyssa Alves Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Health, Metropolitan University of Santos (UNIMES), Santos, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Gomes Peres Bomfim
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Health, Metropolitan University of Santos (UNIMES), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Lúcio de Barros
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Health, Metropolitan University of Santos (UNIMES), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Coelho Medeiros
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Health, Metropolitan University of Santos (UNIMES), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Danielle Cristine Ginsicke
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Health, Metropolitan University of Santos (UNIMES), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Timothy Daly
- Sorbonne Université, Science Norms Democracy, UMR 8011, Paris, France
| | - Angelina Zanesco
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Health, Metropolitan University of Santos (UNIMES), Santos, SP, Brazil
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Daly T. Extending the mind to overcome cognitive impairment. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2022; 37. [PMID: 35695126 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Daly
- Science Norms Democracy, UMR 8011, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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Daly T, Mastroleo I, Migliaccio R. Avoiding Over-Reliance on Multi-Domain Interventions for Dementia Prevention. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:989-992. [PMID: 35275544 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Given the unknown therapeutic value of targeting Alzheimer's disease pathology and the discovery of robust risk factors for dementia, non-pharmacological risk reduction (RR) is increasingly offered as an alternative to targeting Alzheimer's disease pathology. While RR will surely be a useful tool to make public health gains, we propose solutions to three possible issues with over-reliance on multi-domain interventions to achieve RR: limited individual impact, an exclusive focus on later life, and overlooking social determinants of dementia. We argue in favor of a broader debate within the research community and greater society about how different therapeutic avenues should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Daly
- Sorbonne Université, Science Norms Democracy, UMR 8011, Paris, France.,Programa de Bioética, Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO), Argentina
| | - Ignacio Mastroleo
- Programa de Bioética, Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO), Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Raffaella Migliaccio
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,FrontLab, ICM, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Centre of Excellence of Neurodegenerative Disease (CoEN), National Reference Centre for Rare and Early Dementias, Department of Neurology, Paris, France
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Daly T. The vital need for action against the social determinants of frailty. Aging Med (Milton) 2022; 5:73. [PMID: 35309159 PMCID: PMC8917259 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia outcomes will increasingly reflect inequalities unless vital action is taken against the social determinants of frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Daly
- Science Norms Democracy Sorbonne Université Paris France
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