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Olszewska AM, Droździel D, Gaca M, Kulesza A, Obrębski W, Kowalewski J, Widlarz A, Marchewka A, Herman AM. Unlocking the musical brain: A proof-of-concept study on playing the piano in MRI scanner with naturalistic stimuli. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17877. [PMID: 37501960 PMCID: PMC10368778 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Music is a universal human phenomenon, and can be studied for itself or as a window into the understanding of the brain. Few neuroimaging studies investigate actual playing in the MRI scanner, likely because of the lack of available experimental hardware and analysis tools. Here, we offer an innovative paradigm that addresses this issue in neuromusicology using naturalistic, polyphonic musical stimuli, presents a commercially available MRI-compatible piano, and a flexible approach to quantify participant's performance. We show how making errors while playing can be investigated using an altered auditory feedback paradigm. In the spirit of open science, we make our experimental paradigms and analysis tools available to other researchers studying pianists in MRI. Altogether, we present a proof-of-concept study which shows the feasibility of playing the novel piano in MRI, and a step towards using more naturalistic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja M. Olszewska
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dawid Droździel
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Gaca
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kulesza
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Obrębski
- Department of Nuclear and Medical Electronics, Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, 1 Politechniki Square, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland
- 10 Murarska Street, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Widlarz
- Chair of Rhythmics and Piano Improvisation, Department of Choir Conducting and Singing, Music Education and Rhythmics, The Chopin University of Music, Okolnik 2 Street, 00–368 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra M. Herman
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
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Olszewska AM, Gaca M, Herman AM, Jednoróg K, Marchewka A. How Musical Training Shapes the Adult Brain: Predispositions and Neuroplasticity. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:630829. [PMID: 33776638 PMCID: PMC7987793 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.630829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning to play a musical instrument is a complex task that integrates multiple sensory modalities and higher-order cognitive functions. Therefore, musical training is considered a useful framework for the research on training-induced neuroplasticity. However, the classical nature-or-nurture question remains, whether the differences observed between musicians and non-musicians are due to predispositions or result from the training itself. Here we present a review of recent publications with strong focus on experimental designs to better understand both brain reorganization and the neuronal markers of predispositions when learning to play a musical instrument. Cross-sectional studies identified structural and functional differences between the brains of musicians and non-musicians, especially in regions related to motor control and auditory processing. A few longitudinal studies showed functional changes related to training while listening to and producing music, in the motor network and its connectivity with the auditory system, in line with the outcomes of cross-sectional studies. Parallel changes within the motor system and between the motor and auditory systems were revealed for structural connectivity. In addition, potential predictors of musical learning success were found including increased brain activation in the auditory and motor systems during listening, the microstructure of the arcuate fasciculus, and the functional connectivity between the auditory and the motor systems. We show that “the musical brain” is a product of both the natural human neurodiversity and the training practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja M Olszewska
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Gaca
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra M Herman
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jednoróg
- Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Frontotemporal dementia, music perception and social cognition share neurobiological circuits: A meta-analysis. Brain Cogn 2021; 148:105660. [PMID: 33421942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2020.105660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disease that presents with profound changes in social cognition. Music might be a sensitive probe for social cognition abilities, but underlying neurobiological substrates are unclear. We performed a meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies in FTD patients and functional MRI studies for music perception and social cognition tasks in cognitively normal controls to identify robust patterns of atrophy (FTD) or activation (music perception or social cognition). Conjunction analyses were performed to identify overlapping brain regions. In total 303 articles were included: 53 for FTD (n = 1153 patients, 42.5% female; 1337 controls, 53.8% female), 28 for music perception (n = 540, 51.8% female) and 222 for social cognition in controls (n = 5664, 50.2% female). We observed considerable overlap in atrophy patterns associated with FTD, and functional activation associated with music perception and social cognition, mostly encompassing the ventral language network. We further observed overlap across all three modalities in mesolimbic, basal forebrain and striatal regions. The results of our meta-analysis suggest that music perception and social cognition share neurobiological circuits that are affected in FTD. This supports the idea that music might be a sensitive probe for social cognition abilities with implications for diagnosis and monitoring.
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Lumaca M, Dietz MJ, Hansen NC, Quiroga-Martinez DR, Vuust P. Perceptual learning of tone patterns changes the effective connectivity between Heschl's gyrus and planum temporale. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 42:941-952. [PMID: 33146455 PMCID: PMC7856650 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning of complex auditory sequences such as music can be thought of as optimizing an internal model of regularities through unpredicted events (or “prediction errors”). We used dynamic causal modeling (DCM) and parametric empirical Bayes on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data to identify modulation of effective brain connectivity that takes place during perceptual learning of complex tone patterns. Our approach differs from previous studies in two aspects. First, we used a complex oddball paradigm based on tone patterns as opposed to simple deviant tones. Second, the use of fMRI allowed us to identify cortical regions with high spatial accuracy. These regions served as empirical regions‐of‐interest for the analysis of effective connectivity. Deviant patterns induced an increased blood oxygenation level‐dependent response, compared to standards, in early auditory (Heschl's gyrus [HG]) and association auditory areas (planum temporale [PT]) bilaterally. Within this network, we found a left‐lateralized increase in feedforward connectivity from HG to PT during deviant responses and an increase in excitation within left HG. In contrast to previous findings, we did not find frontal activity, nor did we find modulations of backward connections in response to oddball sounds. Our results suggest that complex auditory prediction errors are encoded by changes in feedforward and intrinsic connections, confined to superior temporal gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Lumaca
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin J Dietz
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Chr Hansen
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark.,Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David R Quiroga-Martinez
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Vuust
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark
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Kim CH, Seol J, Jin SH, Kim JS, Kim Y, Yi SW, Chung CK. Increased fronto-temporal connectivity by modified melody in real music. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235770. [PMID: 32639987 PMCID: PMC7343137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In real music, the original melody may appear intact, with little elaboration only, or significantly modified. Since a melody is most easily perceived in music, hearing significantly modified melody may change a brain connectivity. Mozart KV 265 is comprised of a theme with an original melody of “Twinkle Twinkle Little Star” and its significant variations. We studied whether effective connectivity changes with significantly modified melody, between bilateral inferior frontal gyri (IFGs) and Heschl’s gyri (HGs) using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Among the 12 connectivities, the connectivity from the left IFG to the right HG was consistently increased with significantly modified melody compared to the original melody in 2 separate sets of the same rhythmic pattern with different melody (p = 0.005 and 0.034, Bonferroni corrected). Our findings show that the modification of an original melody in a real music changes the brain connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Hee Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Natural Science, Seoul, Korea
- Human Brain Function Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeho Seol
- Human Brain Function Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- W-Mind Laboratory, Wemakeprice Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Jin
- Human Brain Function Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - June Sic Kim
- Human Brain Function Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youn Kim
- Department of Music, School of Humanities, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Suk Won Yi
- College of Music, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Western Music Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chun Kee Chung
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Natural Science, Seoul, Korea
- Human Brain Function Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Natural Science, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Recruitment of the motor system during music listening: An ALE meta-analysis of fMRI data. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207213. [PMID: 30452442 PMCID: PMC6242316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Several neuroimaging studies have shown that listening to music activates brain regions that reside in the motor system, even when there is no overt movement. However, many of these studies report the activation of varying motor system areas that include the primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, dorsal and ventral pre-motor areas and parietal regions. In order to examine what specific roles are played by various motor regions during music perception, we used activation likelihood estimation (ALE) to conduct a meta-analysis of neuroimaging literature on passive music listening. After extensive search of the literature, 42 studies were analyzed resulting in a total of 386 unique subjects contributing 694 activation foci in total. As suspected, auditory activations were found in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus, transverse temporal gyrus, insula, pyramis, bilateral precentral gyrus, and bilateral medial frontal gyrus. We also saw the widespread activation of motor networks including left and right lateral premotor cortex, right primary motor cortex, and the left cerebellum. These results suggest a central role of the motor system in music and rhythm perception. We discuss these findings in the context of the Action Simulation for Auditory Prediction (ASAP) model and other predictive coding accounts of brain function.
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7
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Musical literacy shifts asymmetries in the ventral visual cortex. Neuroimage 2017; 156:445-455. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Sanju HK, Kumar P. Pre-attentive auditory discrimination skill in Indian classical vocal musicians and non-musicians. J Otol 2016; 11:102-110. [PMID: 29937818 PMCID: PMC6002603 DOI: 10.1016/j.joto.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To test for pre-attentive auditory discrimination skills in Indian classical vocal musicians and non-musicians. Design Mismatch negativity (MMN) was recorded to test for pre-attentive auditory discrimination skills with a pair of stimuli of /1000 Hz/ and /1100 Hz/, with /1000 Hz/ as the frequent stimulus and /1100 Hz/ as the infrequent stimulus. Onset, offset and peak latencies were the considered latency parameters, whereas peak amplitude and area under the curve were considered for amplitude analysis. Study sample Exactly 50 participants, out of which the experimental group had 25 adult Indian classical vocal musicians and 25 age-matched non-musicians served as the control group, were included in the study. Experimental group participants had a minimum professional music experience in Indian classic vocal music of 10 years. However, control group participants did not have any formal training in music. Results Descriptive statistics showed better waveform morphology in the experimental group as compared to the control. MANOVA showed significantly better onset latency, peak amplitude and area under the curve in the experimental group but no significant difference in the offset and peak latencies between the two groups. Conclusion The present study probably points towards the enhancement of pre-attentive auditory discrimination skills in Indian classical vocal musicians compared to non-musicians. It indicates that Indian classical musical training enhances pre-attentive auditory discrimination skills in musicians, leading to higher peak amplitude and a greater area under the curve compared to non-musicians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prawin Kumar
- Department of Audiology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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Sanju HK, Kumar P. Enhanced auditory evoked potentials in musicians: A review of recent findings. J Otol 2016; 11:63-72. [PMID: 29937812 PMCID: PMC6002589 DOI: 10.1016/j.joto.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Auditory evoked potentials serve as an objective mode for assessment to check the functioning of the auditory system and neuroplasticity. Literature has reported enhanced electrophysiological responses in musicians, which shows neuroplasticity in musicians. Various databases including PubMed, Google, Google Scholar and Medline were searched for references related to auditory evoked potentials in musicians from 1994 till date. Different auditory evoked potentials in musicians have been summarized in the present article. The findings of various studies may support as evidences for music-induced neuroplasticity which can be used for the treatment of various clinical disorders. The search results showed enhanced auditory evoked potentials in musicians compared to non-musicians from brainstem to cortical levels. Also, the present review showed enhanced attentive and pre-attentive skills in musicians compared to non-musicians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prawin Kumar
- Department of Audiology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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10
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Sanju HK, Kumar P. Comparison of Pre-Attentive Auditory Discrimination at Gross and Fine Difference between Auditory Stimuli. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 20:305-309. [PMID: 27746831 PMCID: PMC5063730 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1570071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mismatch Negativity is a negative component of the event-related potential (ERP) elicited by any discriminable changes in auditory stimulation. Objective The present study aimed to assess pre-attentive auditory discrimination skill with fine and gross difference between auditory stimuli. Method Seventeen normal hearing individual participated in the study. To assess pre-attentive auditory discrimination skill with fine difference between auditory stimuli, we recorded mismatch negativity (MMN) with pair of stimuli (pure tones), using /1000 Hz/ and /1010 Hz/ with /1000 Hz/ as frequent stimulus and /1010 Hz/ as infrequent stimulus. Similarly, we used /1000 Hz/ and /1100 Hz/ with /1000 Hz/ as frequent stimulus and /1100 Hz/ as infrequent stimulus to assess pre-attentive auditory discrimination skill with gross difference between auditory stimuli. The study included 17 subjects with informed consent. We analyzed MMN for onset latency, offset latency, peak latency, peak amplitude, and area under the curve parameters. Result Results revealed that MMN was present only in 64% of the individuals in both conditions. Further Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) showed no significant difference in all measures of MMN (onset latency, offset latency, peak latency, peak amplitude, and area under the curve) in both conditions. Conclusion The present study showed similar pre-attentive skills for both conditions: fine (1000 Hz and 1010 Hz) and gross (1000 Hz and 1100 Hz) difference in auditory stimuli at a higher level (endogenous) of the auditory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Kumar Sanju
- Department of Audiology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prawin Kumar
- Department of Audiology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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Choi US, Sung YW, Hong S, Chung JY, Ogawa S. Structural and functional plasticity specific to musical training with wind instruments. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:597. [PMID: 26578939 PMCID: PMC4624850 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous neuroimaging studies have shown structural and functional changes resulting from musical training. Among these studies, changes in primary sensory areas are mostly related to motor functions. In this study, we looked for some similar functional and structural changes in other functional modalities, such as somatosensory function, by examining the effects of musical training with wind instruments. We found significant changes in two aspects of neuroplasticity, cortical thickness, and resting-state neuronal networks. A group of subjects with several years of continuous musical training and who are currently playing in university wind ensembles showed differences in cortical thickness in lip- and tongue-related brain areas vs. non-music playing subjects. Cortical thickness in lip-related brain areas was significantly thicker and that in tongue-related areas was significantly thinner in the music playing group compared with that in the non-music playing group. Association analysis of lip-related areas in the music playing group showed that the increase in cortical thickness was caused by musical training. In addition, seed-based correlation analysis showed differential activation in the precentral gyrus and supplementary motor areas (SMA) between the music and non-music playing groups. These results suggest that high-intensity training with specific musical instruments could induce structural changes in related anatomical areas and could also generate a new functional neuronal network in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uk-Su Choi
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yul-Wan Sung
- Kansei Fukushi Research Institute, Tohoku Fukushi University Sendai, Japan
| | - Sujin Hong
- Reid School of Music, Edinburgh College of Art, Institute for Music and Human Society Development, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jun-Young Chung
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science Incheon, South Korea
| | - Seiji Ogawa
- Kansei Fukushi Research Institute, Tohoku Fukushi University Sendai, Japan
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12
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Neumann N, Lotze M, Eickhoff SB. Cognitive Expertise: An ALE Meta-Analysis. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 37:262-72. [PMID: 26467981 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Expert performance constitutes the endpoint of skill acquisition and is accompanied by widespread neuroplastic changes. To reveal common mechanisms of reorganization associated with long-term expertise in a cognitive domain (mental calculation, chess, language, memory, music without motor involvement), we used activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis and compared brain activation of experts to nonexperts. Twenty-six studies matched inclusion criteria, most of which reported an increase and not a decrease of activation foci in experts. Increased activation occurred in the left rolandic operculum (OP 4) and left primary auditory cortex and in bilateral premotor cortex in studies that used auditory stimulation. In studies with visual stimulation, experts showed enhanced activation in the right inferior parietal cortex (area PGp) and the right lingual gyrus. Experts' brain activation patterns seem to be characterized by enhanced or additional activity in domain-specific primary, association, and motor structures, confirming that learning is localized and very specialized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Neumann
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, Functional Imaging Unit, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Lotze
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, Functional Imaging Unit, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Cognitive Neuroscience Group, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Brain Network Modeling Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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François C, Grau-Sánchez J, Duarte E, Rodriguez-Fornells A. Musical training as an alternative and effective method for neuro-education and neuro-rehabilitation. Front Psychol 2015; 6:475. [PMID: 25972820 PMCID: PMC4411999 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, important advances in the field of cognitive science, psychology, and neuroscience have largely contributed to improve our knowledge on brain functioning. More recently, a line of research has been developed that aims at using musical training and practice as alternative tools for boosting specific perceptual, motor, cognitive, and emotional skills both in healthy population and in neurologic patients. These findings are of great hope for a better treatment of language-based learning disorders or motor impairment in chronic non-communicative diseases. In the first part of this review, we highlight several studies showing that learning to play a musical instrument can induce substantial neuroplastic changes in cortical and subcortical regions of motor, auditory and speech processing networks in healthy population. In a second part, we provide an overview of the evidence showing that musical training can be an alternative, low-cost and effective method for the treatment of language-based learning impaired populations. We then report results of the few studies showing that training with musical instruments can have positive effects on motor, emotional, and cognitive deficits observed in patients with non-communicable diseases such as stroke or Parkinson Disease. Despite inherent differences between musical training in educational and rehabilitation contexts, these results favor the idea that the structural, multimodal, and emotional properties of musical training can play an important role in developing new, creative and cost-effective intervention programs for education and rehabilitation in the next future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément François
- Department of Basic Psychology, University of Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain ; Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jennifer Grau-Sánchez
- Department of Basic Psychology, University of Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain ; Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Duarte
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Parc de Salut Mar, Hospitals del Mar i de l'Esperança , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Rodriguez-Fornells
- Department of Basic Psychology, University of Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain ; Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute , Barcelona, Spain ; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies , Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Probabilistic diffusion tractography reveals improvement of structural network in musicians. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105508. [PMID: 25157896 PMCID: PMC4144874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Musicians experience a large amount of information transfer and integration of complex sensory, motor, and auditory processes when training and playing musical instruments. Therefore, musicians are a useful model in which to investigate neural adaptations in the brain. Methods Here, based on diffusion-weighted imaging, probabilistic tractography was used to determine the architecture of white matter anatomical networks in musicians and non-musicians. Furthermore, the features of the white matter networks were analyzed using graph theory. Results Small-world properties of the white matter network were observed in both groups. Compared with non-musicians, the musicians exhibited significantly increased connectivity strength in the left and right supplementary motor areas, the left calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex and the right caudate nucleus, as well as a significantly larger weighted clustering coefficient in the right olfactory cortex, the left medial superior frontal gyrus, the right gyrus rectus, the left lingual gyrus, the left supramarginal gyrus, and the right pallidum. Furthermore, there were differences in the node betweenness centrality in several regions. However, no significant differences in topological properties were observed at a global level. Conclusions We illustrated preliminary findings to extend the network level understanding of white matter plasticity in musicians who have had long-term musical training. These structural, network-based findings may indicate that musicians have enhanced information transmission efficiencies in local white matter networks that are related to musical training.
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Tavano A, Widmann A, Bendixen A, Trujillo-Barreto N, Schröger E. Temporal regularity facilitates higher-order sensory predictions in fast auditory sequences. Eur J Neurosci 2013; 39:308-18. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Tavano
- Institute of Psychology; University of Leipzig; 04109 Leipzig Germany
| | - Andreas Widmann
- Institute of Psychology; University of Leipzig; 04109 Leipzig Germany
| | - Alexandra Bendixen
- Institute of Psychology; University of Leipzig; 04109 Leipzig Germany
- Department of Psychology; Cluster of Excellence ‘Hearing4all’; European Medical School; Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg; 26129 Oldenburg Germany
| | | | - Erich Schröger
- Institute of Psychology; University of Leipzig; 04109 Leipzig Germany
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Kim H. Involvement of the dorsal and ventral attention networks in oddball stimulus processing: a meta-analysis. Hum Brain Mapp 2013; 35:2265-84. [PMID: 23900833 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide the first, comprehensive meta-analysis of the neuroimaging literature regarding greater neural responses to a deviant stimulus in a stream of repeated, standard stimuli, termed here oddball effects. The meta-analysis of 75 independent studies included a comparison of auditory and visual oddball effects and task-relevant and task-irrelevant oddball effects. The results were interpreted with reference to the model in which a large-scale dorsal frontoparietal network embodies a mechanism for orienting attention to the environment, whereas a large-scale ventral frontoparietal network supports the detection of salient, environmental changes. The meta-analysis yielded three main sets of findings. First, ventral network regions were strongly associated with oddball effects and largely common to auditory and visual modalities, indicating a supramodal "alerting" system. Most ventral network components were more strongly associated with task-relevant than task-irrelevant oddball effects, indicating a dynamic interplay of stimulus saliency and internal goals in stimulus-driven engagement of the network. Second, the bilateral inferior frontal junction, an anterior core of the dorsal network, was strongly associated with oddball effects, suggesting a central role in top-down attentional control. However, other dorsal network regions showed no or only modest association with oddball effects, likely reflecting active engagement during both oddball and standard stimulus processing. Finally, prominent oddball effects outside the two networks included the sensory cortex regions, likely reflecting attentive and preattentive modulation of early sensory activity, and subcortical regions involving the putamen, thalamus, and other areas, likely reflecting subcortical involvement in alerting responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkeun Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Psychology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 712-714, South Korea
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Seppänen M, Hämäläinen J, Pesonen AK, Tervaniemi M. Passive sound exposure induces rapid perceptual learning in musicians: event-related potential evidence. Biol Psychol 2013; 94:341-53. [PMID: 23886959 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Musicians show enhanced auditory processing compared to nonmusicians. However, the neural basis underlying the effects of musical training on rapid plasticity in auditory processing has not been systematically studied. Here, the rapid (one session) learning-related plastic changes in event-related potential (ERP) responses for pitch and duration deviants between passive blocks were compared between musicians and nonmusicians. Passive blocks were interleaved with an active discrimination task. In addition to musicians having faster and stronger overall source activation for deviating sounds, source analysis revealed rapid plastic changes in the left and right temporal and left frontal sources that were present only in musicians. Source activation decreased in these areas even without focused attention. Furthermore, deviant-related ERP responses above the parietal areas decreased after the active task in both musicians and nonmusicians. Taken together, the results indicate enhanced rapid plasticity in sound change discrimination and perceptual learning in musicians when compared with nonmusicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miia Seppänen
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Cognitive Science, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland; Finnish Center of Excellence in Interdisciplinary Music Research, Department of Music, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that professional musicians comprehend features of music-derived sound even if the sound sequence lacks the traditional temporal structure of music. We tested this hypothesis through behavioral and functional brain imaging experiments. Musicians were better than nonmusicians at identifying scrambled pieces of piano music in which the original temporal structure had been destroyed. Bilateral superior temporal gyri (STG) activity was observed while musicians listened to the scrambled stimuli, whereas this activity was present only in the right STG of nonmusicians under the same experimental conditions. We suggest that left STG activation is related to the processing of deviants, which appears to be enhanced in musicians. This may be because of the superior knowledge of musical temporal structure held by this population.
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Brattico E, Tupala T, Glerean E, Tervaniemi M. Modulated neural processing of Western harmony in folk musicians. Psychophysiology 2013; 50:653-63. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiina Tupala
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit; Institute of Behavioral Sciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki; Finland
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21
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Statistical learning effects in musicians and non-musicians: An MEG study. Neuropsychologia 2012; 50:341-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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