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Niemi KJ, Huovinen A, Jaakkola E, Glerean E, Nummenmaa L, Joutsa J. Bodily Maps of Symptoms and Emotions in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2024. [PMID: 38586892 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotions are reflected in bodily sensations, and these reflections are abnormal in psychiatric conditions. However, emotion-related bodily sensations have not been studied in neurological disorders. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with altered bodily representations of emotions. METHODS Symptoms and emotion-related sensations were investigated in 380 patients with PD and 79 control subjects, using a topographical self-report method, termed body sensation mapping. The bodily mapping data were analyzed with pixelwise generalized linear models and principal component analyses. RESULTS Bodily maps of symptoms showed characteristic patterns of PD motor symptom distributions. Compared with control subjects, PD patients showed decreased parasternal sensation of anger, and longer PD symptom duration was associated with increased abdominal sensation of anger (PFWE < 0.05). The PD-related sensation patterns were abnormal across all basic emotions (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate altered bodily maps of emotions in PD, providing novel insight into the nonmotor effects of PD. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalle J Niemi
- Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Annu Huovinen
- Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Elina Jaakkola
- Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juho Joutsa
- Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Triana AM, Saramäki J, Glerean E, Hayward NMEA. Neuroscience meets behavior: A systematic literature review on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain combined with real-world digital phenotyping. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26620. [PMID: 38436603 PMCID: PMC10911114 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
A primary goal of neuroscience is to understand the relationship between the brain and behavior. While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examines brain structure and function under controlled conditions, digital phenotyping via portable automatic devices (PAD) quantifies behavior in real-world settings. Combining these two technologies may bridge the gap between brain imaging, physiology, and real-time behavior, enhancing the generalizability of laboratory and clinical findings. However, the use of MRI and data from PADs outside the MRI scanner remains underexplored. Herein, we present a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis systematic literature review that identifies and analyzes the current state of research on the integration of brain MRI and PADs. PubMed and Scopus were automatically searched using keywords covering various MRI techniques and PADs. Abstracts were screened to only include articles that collected MRI brain data and PAD data outside the laboratory environment. Full-text screening was then conducted to ensure included articles combined quantitative data from MRI with data from PADs, yielding 94 selected papers for a total of N = 14,778 subjects. Results were reported as cross-frequency tables between brain imaging and behavior sampling methods and patterns were identified through network analysis. Furthermore, brain maps reported in the studies were synthesized according to the measurement modalities that were used. Results demonstrate the feasibility of integrating MRI and PADs across various study designs, patient and control populations, and age groups. The majority of published literature combines functional, T1-weighted, and diffusion weighted MRI with physical activity sensors, ecological momentary assessment via PADs, and sleep. The literature further highlights specific brain regions frequently correlated with distinct MRI-PAD combinations. These combinations enable in-depth studies on how physiology, brain function and behavior influence each other. Our review highlights the potential for constructing brain-behavior models that extend beyond the scanner and into real-world contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Triana
- Department of Computer Science, School of ScienceAalto UniversityEspooFinland
| | - Jari Saramäki
- Department of Computer Science, School of ScienceAalto UniversityEspooFinland
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of ScienceAalto UniversityEspooFinland
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Wahid KA, Sahlsten J, Jaskari J, Dohopolski MJ, Kaski K, He R, Glerean E, Kann BH, Mäkitie A, Fuller CD, Naser MA, Fuentes D. Harnessing uncertainty in radiotherapy auto-segmentation quality assurance. Phys Imaging Radiat Oncol 2024; 29:100526. [PMID: 38179210 PMCID: PMC10765294 DOI: 10.1016/j.phro.2023.100526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kareem A. Wahid
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jaakko Sahlsten
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Joel Jaskari
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Michael J. Dohopolski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kimmo Kaski
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Renjie He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Benjamin H. Kann
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Program, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antti Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Clifton D. Fuller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mohamed A. Naser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Fuentes
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Glerean N, Talman K, Glerean E, Hupli M, Haavisto E. Development and psychometric testing of the perception of nursing profession instrument. J Adv Nurs 2023; 79:4074-4087. [PMID: 37249182 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perceptions of the nursing profession influence career choices in nursing. An unrealistic perception might lead students to drop out of nursing education programmes. Objective measurement of the nursing applicants' perceptions at the student selection stage could enhance their career choices in nursing. AIM To develop and psychometrically evaluate the Perception of Nursing Profession Instrument (PNPI). DESIGN Mixed method design. METHOD Two versions of the PNPI were developed during the years 2016-2022. The first version was based on documents describing the nursing profession and the second version was based on an integrative literature review, a focus groups study and a document analysis of descriptions of the nursing profession. The meta-ethnographic approach was used to synthesize the results and form a theoretical framework for developing the PNPI (60 items). Item content validity was evaluated by an expert panel of nurses (n = 7). The psychometric properties of the instrument were analysed using the item response theory approach. RESULTS The development process resulted in the 40-item PNPI with the following subscales: the content of nursing work, the career in nursing, the nature of nursing work and the characteristics of a nurse. The psychometric analysis revealed unidimensionality and goodness of fit to the partial credit model; however, the item difficulty was not well matched with the participants' abilities. CONCLUSION The PNPI is a novel instrument for objectively measuring perceptions of the nursing profession. For further development, item difficulty must be enhanced to improve the measurement accuracy of the nursing applicants' perceptions of the nursing profession. IMPACT Perceptions of the nursing profession influence career choices, but there is a lack of objective assessment instruments that can be used in nursing student selection setting to measure the perception. The results of this study offer an instrument to measure perception, while also suggesting ideas for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina Glerean
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kirsi Talman
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Maija Hupli
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Elina Haavisto
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Santavirta S, Karjalainen T, Nazari-Farsani S, Hudson M, Putkinen V, Seppälä K, Sun L, Glerean E, Hirvonen J, Karlsson HK, Nummenmaa L. Functional organization of social perception in the human brain. Neuroimage 2023; 272:120025. [PMID: 36958619 PMCID: PMC10112277 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans rapidly extract diverse and complex information from ongoing social interactions, but the perceptual and neural organization of the different aspects of social perception remains unresolved. We showed short movie clips with rich social content to 97 healthy participants while their haemodynamic brain activity was measured with fMRI. The clips were annotated moment-to-moment for a large set of social features and 45 of the features were evaluated reliably between annotators. Cluster analysis of the social features revealed that 13 dimensions were sufficient for describing the social perceptual space. Three different analysis methods were used to map the social perceptual processes in the human brain. Regression analysis mapped regional neural response profiles for different social dimensions. Multivariate pattern analysis then established the spatial specificity of the responses and intersubject correlation analysis connected social perceptual processing with neural synchronization. The results revealed a gradient in the processing of social information in the brain. Posterior temporal and occipital regions were broadly tuned to most social dimensions and the classifier revealed that these responses showed spatial specificity for social dimensions; in contrast Heschl gyri and parietal areas were also broadly associated with different social signals, yet the spatial patterns of responses did not differentiate social dimensions. Frontal and subcortical regions responded only to a limited number of social dimensions and the spatial response patterns did not differentiate social dimension. Altogether these results highlight the distributed nature of social processing in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severi Santavirta
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Tomi Karjalainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sanaz Nazari-Farsani
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Matthew Hudson
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Vesa Putkinen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kerttu Seppälä
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Lihua Sun
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jussi Hirvonen
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Medical Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Henry K Karlsson
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Blain SD, Snodgress MA, Nummenmaa L, Peterman JS, Glerean E, Park S. Social bodies: Preliminary evidence that awareness of embodied emotions is associated with recognition of emotions in the bodily cues of others. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice 2023. [DOI: 10.1037/cns0000352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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Sahlsten J, Jaskari J, Wahid KA, Ahmed S, Glerean E, He R, Kann BH, Mäkitie A, Fuller CD, Naser MA, Kaski K. Application of simultaneous uncertainty quantification for image segmentation with probabilistic deep learning: Performance benchmarking of oropharyngeal cancer target delineation as a use-case. medRxiv 2023:2023.02.20.23286188. [PMID: 36865296 PMCID: PMC9980236 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.20.23286188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is a widespread disease, with radiotherapy being a core treatment modality. Manual segmentation of the primary gross tumor volume (GTVp) is currently employed for OPC radiotherapy planning, but is subject to significant interobserver variability. Deep learning (DL) approaches have shown promise in automating GTVp segmentation, but comparative (auto)confidence metrics of these models predictions has not been well-explored. Quantifying instance-specific DL model uncertainty is crucial to improving clinician trust and facilitating broad clinical implementation. Therefore, in this study, probabilistic DL models for GTVp auto-segmentation were developed using large-scale PET/CT datasets, and various uncertainty auto-estimation methods were systematically investigated and benchmarked. Methods We utilized the publicly available 2021 HECKTOR Challenge training dataset with 224 co-registered PET/CT scans of OPC patients with corresponding GTVp segmentations as a development set. A separate set of 67 co-registered PET/CT scans of OPC patients with corresponding GTVp segmentations was used for external validation. Two approximate Bayesian deep learning methods, the MC Dropout Ensemble and Deep Ensemble, both with five submodels, were evaluated for GTVp segmentation and uncertainty performance. The segmentation performance was evaluated using the volumetric Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), mean surface distance (MSD), and Hausdorff distance at 95% (95HD). The uncertainty was evaluated using four measures from literature: coefficient of variation (CV), structure expected entropy, structure predictive entropy, and structure mutual information, and additionally with our novel Dice-risk measure. The utility of uncertainty information was evaluated with the accuracy of uncertainty-based segmentation performance prediction using the Accuracy vs Uncertainty (AvU) metric, and by examining the linear correlation between uncertainty estimates and DSC. In addition, batch-based and instance-based referral processes were examined, where the patients with high uncertainty were rejected from the set. In the batch referral process, the area under the referral curve with DSC (R-DSC AUC) was used for evaluation, whereas in the instance referral process, the DSC at various uncertainty thresholds were examined. Results Both models behaved similarly in terms of the segmentation performance and uncertainty estimation. Specifically, the MC Dropout Ensemble had 0.776 DSC, 1.703 mm MSD, and 5.385 mm 95HD. The Deep Ensemble had 0.767 DSC, 1.717 mm MSD, and 5.477 mm 95HD. The uncertainty measure with the highest DSC correlation was structure predictive entropy with correlation coefficients of 0.699 and 0.692 for the MC Dropout Ensemble and the Deep Ensemble, respectively. The highest AvU value was 0.866 for both models. The best performing uncertainty measure for both models was the CV which had R-DSC AUC of 0.783 and 0.782 for the MC Dropout Ensemble and Deep Ensemble, respectively. With referring patients based on uncertainty thresholds from 0.85 validation DSC for all uncertainty measures, on average the DSC improved from the full dataset by 4.7% and 5.0% while referring 21.8% and 22% patients for MC Dropout Ensemble and Deep Ensemble, respectively. Conclusion We found that many of the investigated methods provide overall similar but distinct utility in terms of predicting segmentation quality and referral performance. These findings are a critical first-step towards more widespread implementation of uncertainty quantification in OPC GTVp segmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Sahlsten
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Joel Jaskari
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Kareem A Wahid
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Sara Ahmed
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Renjie He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Benjamin H Kann
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Antti Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Clifton D Fuller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Mohamed A Naser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Kimmo Kaski
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
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Saalasti S, Alho J, Lahnakoski JM, Bacha-Trams M, Glerean E, Jääskeläinen IP, Hasson U, Sams M. Lipreading a naturalistic narrative in a female population: Neural characteristics shared with listening and reading. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2869. [PMID: 36579557 PMCID: PMC9927859 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few of us are skilled lipreaders while most struggle with the task. Neural substrates that enable comprehension of connected natural speech via lipreading are not yet well understood. METHODS We used a data-driven approach to identify brain areas underlying the lipreading of an 8-min narrative with participants whose lipreading skills varied extensively (range 6-100%, mean = 50.7%). The participants also listened to and read the same narrative. The similarity between individual participants' brain activity during the whole narrative, within and between conditions, was estimated by a voxel-wise comparison of the Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) signal time courses. RESULTS Inter-subject correlation (ISC) of the time courses revealed that lipreading, listening to, and reading the narrative were largely supported by the same brain areas in the temporal, parietal and frontal cortices, precuneus, and cerebellum. Additionally, listening to and reading connected naturalistic speech particularly activated higher-level linguistic processing in the parietal and frontal cortices more consistently than lipreading, probably paralleling the limited understanding obtained via lip-reading. Importantly, higher lipreading test score and subjective estimate of comprehension of the lipread narrative was associated with activity in the superior and middle temporal cortex. CONCLUSIONS Our new data illustrates that findings from prior studies using well-controlled repetitive speech stimuli and stimulus-driven data analyses are also valid for naturalistic connected speech. Our results might suggest an efficient use of brain areas dealing with phonological processing in skilled lipreaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Saalasti
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.,Advanced Magnetic Imaging (AMI) Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jussi Alho
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Juha M Lahnakoski
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.,Independent Max Planck Research Group for Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mareike Bacha-Trams
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.,Department of Psychology and the Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, USA
| | - Iiro P Jääskeläinen
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Uri Hasson
- Department of Psychology and the Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, USA
| | - Mikko Sams
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.,Aalto Studios - MAGICS, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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Sahlsten J, Wahid KA, Glerean E, Jaskari J, Naser MA, He R, Kann BH, Mäkitie A, Fuller CD, Kaski K. Segmentation stability of human head and neck cancer medical images for radiotherapy applications under de-identification conditions: Benchmarking data sharing and artificial intelligence use-cases. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1120392. [PMID: 36925936 PMCID: PMC10011442 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1120392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Demand for head and neck cancer (HNC) radiotherapy data in algorithmic development has prompted increased image dataset sharing. Medical images must comply with data protection requirements so that re-use is enabled without disclosing patient identifiers. Defacing, i.e., the removal of facial features from images, is often considered a reasonable compromise between data protection and re-usability for neuroimaging data. While defacing tools have been developed by the neuroimaging community, their acceptability for radiotherapy applications have not been explored. Therefore, this study systematically investigated the impact of available defacing algorithms on HNC organs at risk (OARs). Methods A publicly available dataset of magnetic resonance imaging scans for 55 HNC patients with eight segmented OARs (bilateral submandibular glands, parotid glands, level II neck lymph nodes, level III neck lymph nodes) was utilized. Eight publicly available defacing algorithms were investigated: afni_refacer, DeepDefacer, defacer, fsl_deface, mask_face, mri_deface, pydeface, and quickshear. Using a subset of scans where defacing succeeded (N=29), a 5-fold cross-validation 3D U-net based OAR auto-segmentation model was utilized to perform two main experiments: 1.) comparing original and defaced data for training when evaluated on original data; 2.) using original data for training and comparing the model evaluation on original and defaced data. Models were primarily assessed using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC). Results Most defacing methods were unable to produce any usable images for evaluation, while mask_face, fsl_deface, and pydeface were unable to remove the face for 29%, 18%, and 24% of subjects, respectively. When using the original data for evaluation, the composite OAR DSC was statistically higher (p ≤ 0.05) for the model trained with the original data with a DSC of 0.760 compared to the mask_face, fsl_deface, and pydeface models with DSCs of 0.742, 0.736, and 0.449, respectively. Moreover, the model trained with original data had decreased performance (p ≤ 0.05) when evaluated on the defaced data with DSCs of 0.673, 0.693, and 0.406 for mask_face, fsl_deface, and pydeface, respectively. Conclusion Defacing algorithms may have a significant impact on HNC OAR auto-segmentation model training and testing. This work highlights the need for further development of HNC-specific image anonymization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Sahlsten
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Kareem A. Wahid
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Joel Jaskari
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Mohamed A. Naser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Renjie He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Benjamin H. Kann
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Program, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Antti Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Clifton D. Fuller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Clifton D. Fuller, ; Kimmo Kaski,
| | - Kimmo Kaski
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
- *Correspondence: Clifton D. Fuller, ; Kimmo Kaski,
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Jääskeläinen IP, Glerean E, Klucharev V, Shestakova A, Ahveninen J. Do sparse brain activity patterns underlie human cognition? Neuroimage 2022; 263:119633. [PMID: 36115589 PMCID: PMC10921366 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) results from fMRI studies suggest that information is represented in fingerprint patterns of activations and deactivations during perception, emotions, and cognition. We postulate that these fingerprint patterns might reflect neuronal-population level sparse code documented in two-photon calcium imaging studies in animal models, i.e., information represented in specific and reproducible ensembles of a few percent of active neurons amidst widespread inhibition in neural populations. We suggest that such representations constitute a fundamental organizational principle via interacting across multiple levels of brain hierarchy, thus giving rise to perception, emotions, and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iiro P Jääskeläinen
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland; International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland; International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vasily Klucharev
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Shestakova
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Jyrki Ahveninen
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, United States
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Wahid KA, Glerean E, Sahlsten J, Jaskari J, Kaski K, Naser MA, He R, Mohamed ASR, Fuller CD. Artificial Intelligence for Radiation Oncology Applications Using Public Datasets. Semin Radiat Oncol 2022; 32:400-414. [PMID: 36202442 PMCID: PMC9587532 DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) has exceptional potential to positively impact the field of radiation oncology. However, large curated datasets - often involving imaging data and corresponding annotations - are required to develop radiation oncology AI models. Importantly, the recent establishment of Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable (FAIR) principles for scientific data management have enabled an increasing number of radiation oncology related datasets to be disseminated through data repositories, thereby acting as a rich source of data for AI model building. This manuscript reviews the current and future state of radiation oncology data dissemination, with a particular emphasis on published imaging datasets, AI data challenges, and associated infrastructure. Moreover, we provide historical context of FAIR data dissemination protocols, difficulties in the current distribution of radiation oncology data, and recommendations regarding data dissemination for eventual utilization in AI models. Through FAIR principles and standardized approaches to data dissemination, radiation oncology AI research has nothing to lose and everything to gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem A Wahid
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland; Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jaakko Sahlsten
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Joel Jaskari
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Kimmo Kaski
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Mohamed A Naser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Renjie He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Abdallah S R Mohamed
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Clifton D Fuller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
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12
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Saarimäki H, Glerean E, Smirnov D, Mynttinen H, Jääskeläinen IP, Sams M, Nummenmaa L. Classification of emotion categories based on functional connectivity patterns of the human brain. Neuroimage 2021; 247:118800. [PMID: 34896586 PMCID: PMC8803541 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurophysiological and psychological models posit that emotions depend on connections across wide-spread corticolimbic circuits. While previous studies using pattern recognition on neuroimaging data have shown differences between various discrete emotions in brain activity patterns, less is known about the differences in functional connectivity. Thus, we employed multivariate pattern analysis on functional magnetic resonance imaging data (i) to develop a pipeline for applying pattern recognition in functional connectivity data, and (ii) to test whether connectivity patterns differ across emotion categories. Six emotions (anger, fear, disgust, happiness, sadness, and surprise) and a neutral state were induced in 16 participants using one-minute-long emotional narratives with natural prosody while brain activity was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We computed emotion-wise connectivity matrices both for whole-brain connections and for 10 previously defined functionally connected brain subnetworks and trained an across-participant classifier to categorize the emotional states based on whole-brain data and for each subnetwork separately. The whole-brain classifier performed above chance level with all emotions except sadness, suggesting that different emotions are characterized by differences in large-scale connectivity patterns. When focusing on the connectivity within the 10 subnetworks, classification was successful within the default mode system and for all emotions. We thus show preliminary evidence for consistently different sustained functional connectivity patterns for instances of emotion categories particularly within the default mode system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heini Saarimäki
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; Advanced Magnetic Imaging (AMI) Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; Turku PET Centre and Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Computer Science, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Smirnov
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Henri Mynttinen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Iiro P Jääskeläinen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikko Sams
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; Department of Computer Science, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre and Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Bannier E, Barker G, Borghesani V, Broeckx N, Clement P, Emblem KE, Ghosh S, Glerean E, Gorgolewski KJ, Havu M, Halchenko YO, Herholz P, Hespel A, Heunis S, Hu Y, Hu CP, Huijser D, de la Iglesia Vayá M, Jancalek R, Katsaros VK, Kieseler ML, Maumet C, Moreau CA, Mutsaerts HJ, Oostenveld R, Ozturk-Isik E, Pascual Leone Espinosa N, Pellman J, Pernet CR, Pizzini FB, Trbalić AŠ, Toussaint PJ, Visconti di Oleggio Castello M, Wang F, Wang C, Zhu H. The Open Brain Consent: Informing research participants and obtaining consent to share brain imaging data. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:1945-1951. [PMID: 33522661 PMCID: PMC8046140 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Having the means to share research data openly is essential to modern science. For human research, a key aspect in this endeavor is obtaining consent from participants, not just to take part in a study, which is a basic ethical principle, but also to share their data with the scientific community. To ensure that the participants' privacy is respected, national and/or supranational regulations and laws are in place. It is, however, not always clear to researchers what the implications of those are, nor how to comply with them. The Open Brain Consent (https://open-brain-consent.readthedocs.io) is an international initiative that aims to provide researchers in the brain imaging community with information about data sharing options and tools. We present here a short history of this project and its latest developments, and share pointers to consent forms, including a template consent form that is compliant with the EU general data protection regulation. We also share pointers to an associated data user agreement that is not only useful in the EU context, but also for any researchers dealing with personal (clinical) data elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Bannier
- Radiology Department, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.,Inria, CNRS, Inserm, IRISA UMR 6074, Empenn ERL, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Gareth Barker
- Department of Neuroimaging, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Borghesani
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nils Broeckx
- Dewallens & partners law firm, Leuven, Belgium & Antwerp Health Law and Ethics Chair (AHLEC) and P2 research group, Faculty of law, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Patricia Clement
- Ghent Institute for functional and Metabolic Imaging, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Satrajit Ghosh
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.,International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Marko Havu
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Peer Herholz
- NeuroDataScience - ORIGAMI laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Stephan Heunis
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Yue Hu
- Institute for Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Chuan-Peng Hu
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dorien Huijser
- Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - María de la Iglesia Vayá
- Biomedical Imaging Unit FISABIO-CIPF, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencian Community, Valencia, Spain
| | - Radim Jancalek
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Anne's University Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vasileios K Katsaros
- Department of Advanced Imaging Modalities, MRI Unit, General Anti-Cancer and Oncological Hospital of Athens"St. Savvas", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marie-Luise Kieseler
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Camille Maumet
- Inria, University of Rennes, CNRS, Inserm, IRISA UMR 6074, Empenn ERL U 1228, Rennes, France
| | | | - Henk-Jan Mutsaerts
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robert Oostenveld
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nicolas Pascual Leone Espinosa
- Biomedical Imaging Unit, FISABIO-CIPF, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencian Community, Valencia, Spain
| | - John Pellman
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cyril R Pernet
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Paule-Joanne Toussaint
- McGill University, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Fengjuan Wang
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Biological Medicine and Engineering, BUAA, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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Ruotsalainen I, Glerean E, Karvanen J, Gorbach T, Renvall V, Syväoja HJ, Tammelin TH, Parviainen T. Physical activity and aerobic fitness in relation to local and interhemispheric functional connectivity in adolescents' brains. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e01941. [PMID: 33369275 PMCID: PMC7882164 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescents have experienced decreased aerobic fitness levels and insufficient physical activity levels over the past decades. While both physical activity and aerobic fitness are related to physical and mental health, little is known concerning how they manifest in the brain during this stage of development, characterized by significant physical and psychosocial changes. The aim of the study is to examine the associations between both physical activity and aerobic fitness with brains' functional connectivity. METHODS Here, we examined how physical activity and aerobic fitness are associated with local and interhemispheric functional connectivity of the adolescent brain (n = 59), as measured with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Physical activity was measured by hip-worn accelerometers, and aerobic fitness by a maximal 20-m shuttle run test. RESULTS We found that higher levels of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity, but not aerobic fitness, were linked to increased local functional connectivity as measured by regional homogeneity in 13-16-year-old participants. However, we did not find evidence for significant associations between adolescents' physical activity or aerobic fitness and interhemispheric connectivity, as indicated by homotopic connectivity. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that physical activity, but not aerobic fitness, is related to local functional connectivity in adolescents. Moreover, physical activity shows an association with a specific brain area involved in motor functions but did not display any widespread associations with other brain regions. These results can advance our understanding of the behavior-brain associations in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Ruotsalainen
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.,International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Juha Karvanen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tetiana Gorbach
- Umeå School of Business, Economics and Statistics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ville Renvall
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.,AMI Centre, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Heidi J Syväoja
- LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tuija H Tammelin
- LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tiina Parviainen
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Thiede A, Glerean E, Kujala T, Parkkonen L. Atypical MEG inter-subject correlation during listening to continuous natural speech in dyslexia. Neuroimage 2020; 216:116799. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Finn ES, Glerean E, Khojandi AY, Nielson D, Molfese PJ, Handwerker DA, Bandettini PA. Idiosynchrony: From shared responses to individual differences during naturalistic neuroimaging. Neuroimage 2020; 215:116828. [PMID: 32276065 PMCID: PMC7298885 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Two ongoing movements in human cognitive neuroscience have researchers shifting focus from group-level inferences to characterizing single subjects, and complementing tightly controlled tasks with rich, dynamic paradigms such as movies and stories. Yet relatively little work combines these two, perhaps because traditional analysis approaches for naturalistic imaging data are geared toward detecting shared responses rather than between-subject variability. Here, we review recent work using naturalistic stimuli to study individual differences, and advance a framework for detecting structure in idiosyncratic patterns of brain activity, or "idiosynchrony". Specifically, we outline the emerging technique of inter-subject representational similarity analysis (IS-RSA), including its theoretical motivation and an empirical demonstration of how it recovers brain-behavior relationships during movie watching using data from the Human Connectome Project. We also consider how stimulus choice may affect the individual signal and discuss areas for future research. We argue that naturalistic neuroimaging paradigms have the potential to reveal meaningful individual differences above and beyond those observed during traditional tasks or at rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Finn
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Arman Y Khojandi
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dylan Nielson
- Mood Brain & Development Unit, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter J Molfese
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel A Handwerker
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter A Bandettini
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Triana AM, Glerean E, Saramäki J, Korhonen O. Effects of spatial smoothing on group-level differences in functional brain networks. Netw Neurosci 2020; 4:556-574. [PMID: 32885115 PMCID: PMC7462426 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain connectivity with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a popular approach for detecting differences between healthy and clinical populations. Before creating a functional brain network, the fMRI time series must undergo several preprocessing steps to control for artifacts and to improve data quality. However, preprocessing may affect the results in an undesirable way. Spatial smoothing, for example, is known to alter functional network structure. Yet, its effects on group-level network differences remain unknown. Here, we investigate the effects of spatial smoothing on the difference between patients and controls for two clinical conditions: autism spectrum disorder and bipolar disorder, considering fMRI data smoothed with Gaussian kernels (0–32 mm). We find that smoothing affects network differences between groups. For weighted networks, incrementing the smoothing kernel makes networks more different. For thresholded networks, larger smoothing kernels lead to more similar networks, although this depends on the network density. Smoothing also alters the effect sizes of the individual link differences. This is independent of the region of interest (ROI) size, but varies with link length. The effects of spatial smoothing are diverse, nontrivial, and difficult to predict. This has important consequences: The choice of smoothing kernel affects the observed network differences. Spatial smoothing is a preprocessing tool commonly applied to reduce the amount of noise in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. However, smoothing is known to affect the outcomes of functional brain network analysis at the level of individual subjects in undesired ways. Here, we investigate how spatial smoothing affects the observed differences in brain network structure between subject groups. Using fMRI data from two clinical populations and healthy controls, we show that the between-group differences in network structure depend on the amount of spatial smoothing applied during preprocessing in a nontrivial way. The optimal level of spatial smoothing is difficult to define and probably depends on a set of analysis parameters. Therefore, we recommend applying spatial smoothing only after careful consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Triana
- Department of Computer Science, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jari Saramäki
- Department of Computer Science, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Onerva Korhonen
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
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Fasano MC, Glerean E, Gold BP, Sheng D, Sams M, Vuust P, Rauschecker JP, Brattico E. Inter-subject Similarity of Brain Activity in Expert Musicians After Multimodal Learning: A Behavioral and Neuroimaging Study on Learning to Play a Piano Sonata. Neuroscience 2020; 441:102-116. [PMID: 32569807 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Human behavior is inherently multimodal and relies on sensorimotor integration. This is evident when pianists exhibit activity in motor and premotor cortices, as part of a dorsal pathway, while listening to a familiar piece of music, or when naïve participants learn to play simple patterns on the piano. Here we investigated the interaction between multimodal learning and dorsal-stream activity over the course of four weeks in ten skilled pianists by adopting a naturalistic data-driven analysis approach. We presented the pianists with audio-only, video-only and audiovisual recordings of a piano sonata during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) before and after they had learned to play the sonata by heart for a total of four weeks. We followed the learning process and its outcome with questionnaires administered to the pianists, one piano instructor following their training, and seven external expert judges. The similarity of the pianists' brain activity during stimulus presentations was examined before and after learning by means of inter-subject correlation (ISC) analysis. After learning, an increased ISC was found in the pianists while watching the audiovisual performance, particularly in motor and premotor regions of the dorsal stream. While these brain structures have previously been associated with learning simple audio-motor sequences, our findings are the first to suggest their involvement in learning a complex and demanding audiovisual-motor task. Moreover, the most motivated learners and the best performers of the sonata showed ISC in the dorsal stream and in the reward brain network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Fasano
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Benjamin P Gold
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreál, Canada
| | - Dana Sheng
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, USA
| | - Mikko Sams
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; Department of Computer Science, Alto University, Espoo, Finland; Advanced Magnetic Imaging (AMI) Centre, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Peter Vuust
- Center for Music in the Brain (MIB), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Josef P Rauschecker
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, USA; Institute for Advanced Study, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Elvira Brattico
- Center for Music in the Brain (MIB), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
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Botvinik-Nezer R, Holzmeister F, Camerer CF, Dreber A, Huber J, Johannesson M, Kirchler M, Iwanir R, Mumford JA, Adcock RA, Avesani P, Baczkowski BM, Bajracharya A, Bakst L, Ball S, Barilari M, Bault N, Beaton D, Beitner J, Benoit RG, Berkers RMWJ, Bhanji JP, Biswal BB, Bobadilla-Suarez S, Bortolini T, Bottenhorn KL, Bowring A, Braem S, Brooks HR, Brudner EG, Calderon CB, Camilleri JA, Castrellon JJ, Cecchetti L, Cieslik EC, Cole ZJ, Collignon O, Cox RW, Cunningham WA, Czoschke S, Dadi K, Davis CP, Luca AD, Delgado MR, Demetriou L, Dennison JB, Di X, Dickie EW, Dobryakova E, Donnat CL, Dukart J, Duncan NW, Durnez J, Eed A, Eickhoff SB, Erhart A, Fontanesi L, Fricke GM, Fu S, Galván A, Gau R, Genon S, Glatard T, Glerean E, Goeman JJ, Golowin SAE, González-García C, Gorgolewski KJ, Grady CL, Green MA, Guassi Moreira JF, Guest O, Hakimi S, Hamilton JP, Hancock R, Handjaras G, Harry BB, Hawco C, Herholz P, Herman G, Heunis S, Hoffstaedter F, Hogeveen J, Holmes S, Hu CP, Huettel SA, Hughes ME, Iacovella V, Iordan AD, Isager PM, Isik AI, Jahn A, Johnson MR, Johnstone T, Joseph MJE, Juliano AC, Kable JW, Kassinopoulos M, Koba C, Kong XZ, Koscik TR, Kucukboyaci NE, Kuhl BA, Kupek S, Laird AR, Lamm C, Langner R, Lauharatanahirun N, Lee H, Lee S, Leemans A, Leo A, Lesage E, Li F, Li MYC, Lim PC, Lintz EN, Liphardt SW, Losecaat Vermeer AB, Love BC, Mack ML, Malpica N, Marins T, Maumet C, McDonald K, McGuire JT, Melero H, Méndez Leal AS, Meyer B, Meyer KN, Mihai G, Mitsis GD, Moll J, Nielson DM, Nilsonne G, Notter MP, Olivetti E, Onicas AI, Papale P, Patil KR, Peelle JE, Pérez A, Pischedda D, Poline JB, Prystauka Y, Ray S, Reuter-Lorenz PA, Reynolds RC, Ricciardi E, Rieck JR, Rodriguez-Thompson AM, Romyn A, Salo T, Samanez-Larkin GR, Sanz-Morales E, Schlichting ML, Schultz DH, Shen Q, Sheridan MA, Silvers JA, Skagerlund K, Smith A, Smith DV, Sokol-Hessner P, Steinkamp SR, Tashjian SM, Thirion B, Thorp JN, Tinghög G, Tisdall L, Tompson SH, Toro-Serey C, Torre Tresols JJ, Tozzi L, Truong V, Turella L, van 't Veer AE, Verguts T, Vettel JM, Vijayarajah S, Vo K, Wall MB, Weeda WD, Weis S, White DJ, Wisniewski D, Xifra-Porxas A, Yearling EA, Yoon S, Yuan R, Yuen KSL, Zhang L, Zhang X, Zosky JE, Nichols TE, Poldrack RA, Schonberg T. Variability in the analysis of a single neuroimaging dataset by many teams. Nature 2020; 582:84-88. [PMID: 32483374 PMCID: PMC7771346 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2314-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Data analysis workflows in many scientific domains have become increasingly complex and flexible. Here we assess the effect of this flexibility on the results of functional magnetic resonance imaging by asking 70 independent teams to analyse the same dataset, testing the same 9 ex-ante hypotheses1. The flexibility of analytical approaches is exemplified by the fact that no two teams chose identical workflows to analyse the data. This flexibility resulted in sizeable variation in the results of hypothesis tests, even for teams whose statistical maps were highly correlated at intermediate stages of the analysis pipeline. Variation in reported results was related to several aspects of analysis methodology. Notably, a meta-analytical approach that aggregated information across teams yielded a significant consensus in activated regions. Furthermore, prediction markets of researchers in the field revealed an overestimation of the likelihood of significant findings, even by researchers with direct knowledge of the dataset2-5. Our findings show that analytical flexibility can have substantial effects on scientific conclusions, and identify factors that may be related to variability in the analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging. The results emphasize the importance of validating and sharing complex analysis workflows, and demonstrate the need for performing and reporting multiple analyses of the same data. Potential approaches that could be used to mitigate issues related to analytical variability are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Botvinik-Nezer
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Neurobiology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Felix Holzmeister
- Department of Banking and Finance, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Colin F Camerer
- HSS and CNS, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Anna Dreber
- Department of Economics, Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Economics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Juergen Huber
- Department of Banking and Finance, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Magnus Johannesson
- Department of Economics, Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Kirchler
- Department of Banking and Finance, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Roni Iwanir
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Neurobiology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jeanette A Mumford
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - R Alison Adcock
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Paolo Avesani
- Neuroinformatics Laboratory, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Blazej M Baczkowski
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Aahana Bajracharya
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Leah Bakst
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sheryl Ball
- Department of Economics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Marco Barilari
- Crossmodal Perception and Plasticity Laboratory, Institutes for Research in Psychology (IPSY) and Neurosciences (IoNS), UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Nadège Bault
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Derek Beaton
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia Beitner
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roland G Benoit
- Max Planck Research Group: Adaptive Memory, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ruud M W J Berkers
- Max Planck Research Group: Adaptive Memory, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jamil P Bhanji
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Bharat B Biswal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Tiago Bortolini
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Alexander Bowring
- Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Senne Braem
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hayley R Brooks
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Emily G Brudner
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ, USA
| | | | - Julia A Camilleri
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jaime J Castrellon
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Luca Cecchetti
- MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy
| | - Edna C Cieslik
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Zachary J Cole
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Olivier Collignon
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
- Crossmodal Perception and Plasticity Laboratory, Institutes for Research in Psychology (IPSY) and Neurosciences (IoNS), UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Robert W Cox
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Stefan Czoschke
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Charles P Davis
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Brain Imaging Research Center, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Alberto De Luca
- PROVIDI Lab, Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lysia Demetriou
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Xin Di
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Erin W Dickie
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Dobryakova
- Center for Traumatic Brain Injury Research, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Claire L Donnat
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Juergen Dukart
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Niall W Duncan
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain and Consciousness Research Centre, TMU-ShuangHo Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Joke Durnez
- Department of Psychology and Stanford Center for Reproducible Neuroscience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amr Eed
- Instituto de Neurociencias, CSIC-UMH, Alicante, Spain
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrew Erhart
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Laura Fontanesi
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - G Matthew Fricke
- Computer Science Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Shiguang Fu
- School of Management, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Neuromanagement, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Adriana Galván
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Remi Gau
- Crossmodal Perception and Plasticity Laboratory, Institutes for Research in Psychology (IPSY) and Neurosciences (IoNS), UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sarah Genon
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tristan Glatard
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jelle J Goeman
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sergej A E Golowin
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Cheryl L Grady
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mikella A Green
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - João F Guassi Moreira
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Olivia Guest
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, UK
- Research Centre on Interactive Media, Smart Systems and Emerging Technologies - RISE, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Shabnam Hakimi
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J Paul Hamilton
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Roeland Hancock
- Brain Imaging Research Center, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Giacomo Handjaras
- MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy
| | - Bronson B Harry
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Colin Hawco
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peer Herholz
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Herman
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephan Heunis
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Research and Development, Epilepsy Centre Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - Felix Hoffstaedter
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jeremy Hogeveen
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Susan Holmes
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chuan-Peng Hu
- Leibniz-Institut für Resilienzforschung (LIR), Mainz, Germany
| | - Scott A Huettel
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Matthew E Hughes
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vittorio Iacovella
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | | | - Peder M Isager
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ayse I Isik
- Department of Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andrew Jahn
- fMRI Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Matthew R Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Tom Johnstone
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael J E Joseph
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony C Juliano
- Center for Neuropsychology and Neuroscience Research, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Joseph W Kable
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- MindCORE, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michalis Kassinopoulos
- Graduate Program in Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cemal Koba
- MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy
| | - Xiang-Zhen Kong
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy R Koscik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nuri Erkut Kucukboyaci
- Center for Traumatic Brain Injury Research, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Brice A Kuhl
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Sebastian Kupek
- Faculty of Economics and Statistics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Angela R Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Claus Lamm
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Cognitive Science Hub, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Langner
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nina Lauharatanahirun
- US CCDC Army Research Laboratory, Human Research and Engineering Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hongmi Lee
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sangil Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexander Leemans
- PROVIDI Lab, Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Leo
- MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy
| | - Elise Lesage
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Flora Li
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Economics Experimental Lab, Nanjing Audit University, Nanjing, China
| | - Monica Y C Li
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Brain Imaging Research Center, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Phui Cheng Lim
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Evan N Lintz
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | - Annabel B Losecaat Vermeer
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bradley C Love
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | - Michael L Mack
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Norberto Malpica
- Laboratorio de Análisis de Imagen Médica y Biometría (LAIMBIO), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Theo Marins
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camille Maumet
- Inria, Univ Rennes, CNRS, Inserm, IRISA UMR 6074, Empenn ERL U 1228, Rennes, France
| | - Kelsey McDonald
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joseph T McGuire
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helena Melero
- Laboratorio de Análisis de Imagen Médica y Biometría (LAIMBIO), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Psicobiología, División de Psicología, CES Cardenal Cisneros, Madrid, Spain
- Northeastern University Biomedical Imaging Center, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adriana S Méndez Leal
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Meyer
- Leibniz-Institut für Resilienzforschung (LIR), Mainz, Germany
- Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kristin N Meyer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Glad Mihai
- Max Planck Research Group: Neural Mechanisms of Human Communication, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Chair of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Georgios D Mitsis
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jorge Moll
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dylan M Nielson
- Data Science and Sharing Team, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gustav Nilsonne
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael P Notter
- The Laboratory for Investigative Neurophysiology (The LINE), Department of Radiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emanuele Olivetti
- Neuroinformatics Laboratory, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Adrian I Onicas
- MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy
| | - Paolo Papale
- MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy
- Department of Vision and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kaustubh R Patil
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jonathan E Peelle
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexandre Pérez
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Doris Pischedda
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience and Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging and Clinic for Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Science of Intelligence, Technische Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroMI - Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Jean-Baptiste Poline
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Henry H. Wheeler, Jr. Brain Imaging Center, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yanina Prystauka
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Brain Imaging Research Center, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Shruti Ray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | | | - Richard C Reynolds
- Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emiliano Ricciardi
- MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy
| | - Jenny R Rieck
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anais M Rodriguez-Thompson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anthony Romyn
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taylor Salo
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gregory R Samanez-Larkin
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Emilio Sanz-Morales
- Laboratorio de Análisis de Imagen Médica y Biometría (LAIMBIO), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Douglas H Schultz
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Qiang Shen
- School of Management, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Neuromanagement, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Margaret A Sheridan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer A Silvers
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kenny Skagerlund
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Alec Smith
- Department of Economics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - David V Smith
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Simon R Steinkamp
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Cognitive Neuroscience (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sarah M Tashjian
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - John N Thorp
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gustav Tinghög
- Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Loreen Tisdall
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Center for Cognitive and Decision Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Steven H Tompson
- US CCDC Army Research Laboratory, Human Research and Engineering Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
| | - Claudio Toro-Serey
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Leonardo Tozzi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vuong Truong
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain and Consciousness Research Centre, TMU-ShuangHo Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Luca Turella
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Anna E van 't Veer
- Methodology and Statistics Unit, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Verguts
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jean M Vettel
- US Combat Capabilities Development Command Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen, MD, USA
- University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sagana Vijayarajah
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Khoi Vo
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Matthew B Wall
- Invicro, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Wouter D Weeda
- Methodology and Statistics Unit, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne Weis
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David J White
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Wisniewski
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alba Xifra-Porxas
- Graduate Program in Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emily A Yearling
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Brain Imaging Research Center, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Sangsuk Yoon
- Department of Management and Marketing, School of Business, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Rui Yuan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth S L Yuen
- Leibniz-Institut für Resilienzforschung (LIR), Mainz, Germany
- Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xu Zhang
- Brain Imaging Research Center, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Joshua E Zosky
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | | | - Tom Schonberg
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Department of Neurobiology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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22
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Bacha-Trams M, Ryyppö E, Glerean E, Sams M, Jääskeläinen IP. Social perspective-taking shapes brain hemodynamic activity and eye movements during movie viewing. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2020; 15:175-191. [PMID: 32227094 PMCID: PMC7304509 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Putting oneself into the shoes of others is an important aspect of social cognition. We measured brain hemodynamic activity and eye-gaze patterns while participants were viewing a shortened version of the movie 'My Sister's Keeper' from two perspectives: that of a potential organ donor, who violates moral norms by refusing to donate her kidney, and that of a potential organ recipient, who suffers in pain. Inter-subject correlation (ISC) of brain activity was significantly higher during the potential organ donor's perspective in dorsolateral and inferior prefrontal, lateral and inferior occipital, and inferior-anterior temporal areas. In the reverse contrast, stronger ISC was observed in superior temporal, posterior frontal and anterior parietal areas. Eye-gaze analysis showed higher proportion of fixations on the potential organ recipient during both perspectives. Taken together, these results suggest that during social perspective-taking different brain areas can be flexibly recruited depending on the nature of the perspective that is taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Bacha-Trams
- Department As per style, full first names should be in author group. Hence we have inserted the first names from the title page. Kindly check and confirm. of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Brain and Mind Laboratory, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Elisa Ryyppö
- Department As per style, full first names should be in author group. Hence we have inserted the first names from the title page. Kindly check and confirm. of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Brain and Mind Laboratory, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Department As per style, full first names should be in author group. Hence we have inserted the first names from the title page. Kindly check and confirm. of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Brain and Mind Laboratory, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
- International Laboratory for Social Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 101000 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikko Sams
- Department As per style, full first names should be in author group. Hence we have inserted the first names from the title page. Kindly check and confirm. of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Brain and Mind Laboratory, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Iiro P Jääskeläinen
- Department As per style, full first names should be in author group. Hence we have inserted the first names from the title page. Kindly check and confirm. of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Brain and Mind Laboratory, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
- International Laboratory for Social Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 101000 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Advanced Magnetic Imaging (AMI) Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
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23
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Afdile M, Jääskeläinen IP, Glerean E, Smirnov D, Alho J, Äimälä A, Sams M. Contextual knowledge provided by a movie biases implicit perception of the protagonist. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2020; 14:519-527. [PMID: 30993342 PMCID: PMC6545537 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsz028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We are constantly categorizing other people as belonging to our in-group (‘one of us’) or out-group (‘one of them’). Such grouping occurs fast and automatically and can be based on others’ visible characteristics such as skin color or clothing style. Here we studied neural underpinnings of implicit social grouping not often visible on the face, male sexual orientation. A total of 14 homosexuals and 15 heterosexual males were scanned in functional magnetic resonance imaging
while watching a movie about a homosexual man, whose face was also presented subliminally before (subjects did not know about the character’s sexual orientation) and after the movie. We discovered significantly stronger activation to the man’s face after seeing the movie in homosexual but not heterosexual subjects in medial prefrontal cortex, frontal pole, anterior cingulate cortex, right temporal parietal junction and bilateral superior frontal gyrus. In previous research, these brain areas have been connected to social perception, self-referential thinking, empathy, theory of mind and in-group perception. In line with previous studies showing biased perception of in-/out-group faces to be context dependent, our novel approach further demonstrates how complex contextual knowledge gained under naturalistic viewing can bias implicit social perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamdooh Afdile
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Department of Media, School of Arts Design and Architecture, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Correspondence should be addressed to Mamdooh Afdile, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 12200, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland. E-mail:
| | - Iiro P Jääskeläinen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Department of Computer Science, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Dmitry Smirnov
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jussi Alho
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Äimälä
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Mikko Sams
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Department of Computer Science, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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24
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Bolton TAW, Kebets V, Glerean E, Zöller D, Li J, Yeo BTT, Caballero-Gaudes C, Van De Ville D. Agito ergo sum: Correlates of spatio-temporal motion characteristics during fMRI. Neuroimage 2019; 209:116433. [PMID: 31841680 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of in-scanner motion on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data has a notorious reputation in the neuroimaging community. State-of-the-art guidelines advise to scrub out excessively corrupted frames as assessed by a composite framewise displacement (FD) score, to regress out models of nuisance variables, and to include average FD as a covariate in group-level analyses. Here, we studied individual motion time courses at time points typically retained in fMRI analyses. We observed that even in this set of putatively clean time points, motion exhibited a very clear spatio-temporal structure, so that we could distinguish subjects into separate groups of movers with varying characteristics. Then, we showed that this spatio-temporal motion cartography tightly relates to a broad array of anthropometric and cognitive factors. Convergent results were obtained from two different analytical perspectives: univariate assessment of behavioural differences across mover subgroups unraveled defining markers, while subsequent multivariate analysis broadened the range of involved factors and clarified that multiple motion/behaviour modes of covariance overlap in the data. Our results demonstrate that even the smaller episodes of motion typically retained in fMRI analyses carry structured, behaviourally relevant information. They call for further examinations of possible biases in current regression-based motion correction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A W Bolton
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva (UNIGE), Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Valeria Kebets
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva (UNIGE), Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Sleep and Cognition, N.1 Institute for Health and Memory Networks Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniela Zöller
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva (UNIGE), Geneva, Switzerland; Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Office Médico-Pédagogique, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva (UNIGE), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jingwei Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Sleep and Cognition, N.1 Institute for Health and Memory Networks Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - B T Thomas Yeo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Sleep and Cognition, N.1 Institute for Health and Memory Networks Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva (UNIGE), Geneva, Switzerland
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25
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Embodied emotions arise from interoceptive and somatosensory processes, and are essential to the development of a stable sense of self. Emotional embodiment is therefore inherently interwoven with our sense of bodily self-awareness, and allows us to navigate complex social situations. Given that the core feature of schizophrenia (SZ) is characterized by the presence of bodily self-disturbances and social-emotional deficits, we hypothesized that embodiment of emotion would be disrupted in SZ. METHOD Twenty-six medicated individuals with SZ and 26 demographically matched controls used a computerized topographical mapping tool ("EmBODY") to indicate on a body outline where they felt bodily sensations while experiencing an emotion. There were 13 different emotions plus a neutral state. The resulting bodily maps of emotions were quantitatively compared between groups using linear discriminant analysis and similarity scores. RESULTS Bodily maps of emotions were anomalous in SZ as indicated by indistinguishable maps across different emotions. Relative to the control group, patients reported less discrete and less clear bodily sensations across emotions. In particular, bodily maps for low-arousal emotions were atypical in comparison with healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Anomalous and undifferentiated mapping of embodied emotions in SZ could lead to deficits in linking bodily sensations to conceptual categories of emotions. Disrupted emotional embodiment could also contribute to poor social functioning. Abnormal bodily sensations of emotions might therefore be a promising target for future psychosocial interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seok Jin Hong
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Enrico Glerean
- Human Emotion Systems Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Human Emotion Systems Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sohee Park
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN,Global Academy for Future Civilizations, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Vanderbilt University, 111 21st Avenue S, Wilson Hall, Nashville, TN 37240, US; tel: 615-322-3435, fax: +1 615 343 8449, e-mail:
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26
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Smirnov D, Saarimäki H, Glerean E, Hari R, Sams M, Nummenmaa L. Emotions amplify speaker-listener neural alignment. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:4777-4788. [PMID: 31400052 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals often align their emotional states during conversation. Here, we reveal how such emotional alignment is reflected in synchronization of brain activity across speakers and listeners. Two "speaker" subjects told emotional and neutral autobiographical stories while their hemodynamic brain activity was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The stories were recorded and played back to 16 "listener" subjects during fMRI. After scanning, both speakers and listeners rated the moment-to-moment valence and arousal of the stories. Time-varying similarity of the blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) time series was quantified by intersubject phase synchronization (ISPS) between speaker-listener pairs. Telling and listening to the stories elicited similar emotions across speaker-listener pairs. Arousal was associated with increased speaker-listener neural synchronization in brain regions supporting attentional, auditory, somatosensory, and motor processing. Valence was associated with increased speaker-listener neural synchronization in brain regions involved in emotional processing, including amygdala, hippocampus, and temporal pole. Speaker-listener synchronization of subjective feelings of arousal was associated with increased neural synchronization in somatosensory and subcortical brain regions; synchronization of valence was associated with neural synchronization in parietal cortices and midline structures. We propose that emotion-dependent speaker-listener neural synchronization is associated with emotional contagion, thereby implying that listeners reproduce some aspects of the speaker's emotional state at the neural level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Smirnov
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), and Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Heini Saarimäki
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), and Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), and Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Riitta Hari
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), and Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.,Department of Art, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Mikko Sams
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), and Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre and Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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27
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Bacha-Trams M, Alexandrov YI, Broman E, Glerean E, Kauppila M, Kauttonen J, Ryyppö E, Sams M, Jääskeläinen IP. A drama movie activates brains of holistic and analytical thinkers differentially. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2019; 13:1293-1304. [PMID: 30418656 PMCID: PMC6277741 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsy099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
People socialized in different cultures differ in their thinking styles. Eastern-culture people view objects more holistically by taking context into account, whereas Western-culture people view objects more analytically by focusing on them at the expense of context. Here we studied whether participants, who have different thinking styles but live within the same culture, exhibit differential brain activity when viewing a drama movie. A total of 26 Finnish participants, who were divided into holistic and analytical thinkers based on self-report questionnaire scores, watched a shortened drama movie during functional magnetic resonance imaging. We compared intersubject correlation (ISC) of brain hemodynamic activity of holistic vs analytical participants across the movie viewings. Holistic thinkers showed significant ISC in more extensive cortical areas than analytical thinkers, suggesting that they perceived the movie in a more similar fashion. Significantly higher ISC was observed in holistic thinkers in occipital, prefrontal and temporal cortices. In analytical thinkers, significant ISC was observed in right-hemisphere fusiform gyrus, temporoparietal junction and frontal cortex. Since these results were obtained in participants with similar cultural background, they are less prone to confounds by other possible cultural differences. Overall, our results show how brain activity in holistic vs analytical participants differs when viewing the same drama movie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Bacha-Trams
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Correspondence should be addressed to Mareike Bacha-Trams, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, PO Box 12200, FI-00076 AALTO, 02150 Espoo, Finland. E-mail:
| | - Yuri I Alexandrov
- Laboratory of Neural Bases of Mind, Institute of Psychology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Psychology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Emilia Broman
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Information Technology, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Minna Kauppila
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Janne Kauttonen
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Elisa Ryyppö
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Mikko Sams
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Iiro P Jääskeläinen
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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28
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Saalasti S, Alho J, Bar M, Glerean E, Honkela T, Kauppila M, Sams M, Jääskeläinen IP. Inferior parietal lobule and early visual areas support elicitation of individualized meanings during narrative listening. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01288. [PMID: 30977309 PMCID: PMC6520291 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION When listening to a narrative, the verbal expressions translate into meanings and flow of mental imagery. However, the same narrative can be heard quite differently based on differences in listeners' previous experiences and knowledge. We capitalized on such differences to disclose brain regions that support transformation of narrative into individualized propositional meanings and associated mental imagery by analyzing brain activity associated with behaviorally assessed individual meanings elicited by a narrative. METHODS Sixteen right-handed female subjects were instructed to list words that best described what had come to their minds while listening to an eight-minute narrative during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The fMRI data were analyzed by calculating voxel-wise intersubject correlation (ISC) values. We used latent semantic analysis (LSA) enhanced with Wordnet knowledge to measure semantic similarity of the produced words between subjects. Finally, we predicted the ISC with the semantic similarity using representational similarity analysis. RESULTS We found that semantic similarity in these word listings between subjects, estimated using LSA combined with WordNet knowledge, predicting similarities in brain hemodynamic activity. Subject pairs whose individual semantics were similar also exhibited similar brain activity in the bilateral supramarginal and angular gyrus of the inferior parietal lobe, and in the occipital pole. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate, using a novel method to measure interindividual differences in semantics, brain mechanisms giving rise to semantics and associated imagery during narrative listening. During listening to a captivating narrative, the inferior parietal lobe and early visual cortical areas seem, thus, to support elicitation of individual meanings and flow of mental imagery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Saalasti
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland.,Advanced Magnetic Imaging (AMI) Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jussi Alho
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Moshe Bar
- Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Information Technology, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.,Department of Digital Humanities, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Honkela
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Minna Kauppila
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Sams
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Digital Humanities, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Iiro P Jääskeläinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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29
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Saarimäki H, Ejtehadian LF, Glerean E, Jääskeläinen IP, Vuilleumier P, Sams M, Nummenmaa L. Distributed affective space represents multiple emotion categories across the human brain. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 13:471-482. [PMID: 29618125 PMCID: PMC6007366 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsy018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional organization of human emotion systems as well as their neuroanatomical basis and segregation in the brain remains unresolved. Here, we used pattern classification and hierarchical clustering to characterize the organization of a wide array of emotion categories in the human brain. We induced 14 emotions (6 ‘basic’, e.g. fear and anger; and 8 ‘non-basic’, e.g. shame and gratitude) and a neutral state using guided mental imagery while participants' brain activity was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Twelve out of 14 emotions could be reliably classified from the haemodynamic signals. All emotions engaged a multitude of brain areas, primarily in midline cortices including anterior and posterior cingulate gyri and precuneus, in subcortical regions, and in motor regions including cerebellum and premotor cortex. Similarity of subjective emotional experiences was associated with similarity of the corresponding neural activation patterns. We conclude that different basic and non-basic emotions have distinguishable neural bases characterized by specific, distributed activation patterns in widespread cortical and subcortical circuits. Regionally differentiated engagement of these circuits defines the unique neural activity pattern and the corresponding subjective feeling associated with each emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heini Saarimäki
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Lara Farzaneh Ejtehadian
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.,Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland.,Helsinki Institute for Information Technology, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Iiro P Jääskeläinen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland.,Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Patrik Vuilleumier
- Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, Campus Biotech, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mikko Sams
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland.,Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychology, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
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30
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Karjalainen T, Seppälä K, Glerean E, Karlsson HK, Lahnakoski JM, Nuutila P, Jääskeläinen IP, Hari R, Sams M, Nummenmaa L. Opioidergic Regulation of Emotional Arousal: A Combined PET–fMRI Study. Cereb Cortex 2018; 29:4006-4016. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Emotions can be characterized by dimensions of arousal and valence (pleasantness). While the functional brain bases of emotional arousal and valence have been actively investigated, the neuromolecular underpinnings remain poorly understood. We tested whether the opioid and dopamine systems involved in reward and motivational processes would be associated with emotional arousal and valence. We used in vivo positron emission tomography to quantify μ-opioid receptor and type 2 dopamine receptor (MOR and D2R, respectively) availability in brains of 35 healthy adult females. During subsequent functional magnetic resonance imaging carried out to monitor hemodynamic activity, the subjects viewed movie scenes of varying emotional content. Arousal and valence were associated with hemodynamic activity in brain regions involved in emotional processing, including amygdala, thalamus, and superior temporal sulcus. Cerebral MOR availability correlated negatively with the hemodynamic responses to arousing scenes in amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, and hypothalamus, whereas no positive correlations were observed in any brain region. D2R availability—here reliably quantified only in striatum—was not associated with either arousal or valence. These results suggest that emotional arousal is regulated by the MOR system, and that cerebral MOR availability influences brain activity elicited by arousing stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Enrico Glerean
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), Aalto University, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Juha M Lahnakoski
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), Aalto University, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
- Independent Max Planck Research Group for Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Iiro P Jääskeläinen
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), Aalto University, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Riitta Hari
- Department of Art, Aalto University, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Mikko Sams
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), Aalto University, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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31
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Ryyppö E, Glerean E, Brattico E, Saramäki J, Korhonen O. Regions of Interest as nodes of dynamic functional brain networks. Netw Neurosci 2018; 2:513-535. [PMID: 30294707 PMCID: PMC6147715 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The properties of functional brain networks strongly depend on how their nodes are chosen. Commonly, nodes are defined by Regions of Interest (ROIs), predetermined groupings of fMRI measurement voxels. Earlier, we demonstrated that the functional homogeneity of ROIs, captured by their spatial consistency, varies widely across ROIs in commonly used brain atlases. Here, we ask how ROIs behave as nodes of dynamic brain networks. To this end, we use two measures: spatiotemporal consistency measures changes in spatial consistency across time and network turnover quantifies the changes in the local network structure around an ROI. We find that spatial consistency varies non-uniformly in space and time, which is reflected in the variation of spatiotemporal consistency across ROIs. Furthermore, we see time-dependent changes in the network neighborhoods of the ROIs, reflected in high network turnover. Network turnover is nonuniformly distributed across ROIs: ROIs with high spatiotemporal consistency have low network turnover. Finally, we reveal that there is rich voxel-level correlation structure inside ROIs. Because the internal structure and the connectivity of ROIs vary in time, the common approach of using static node definitions may be surprisingly inaccurate. Therefore, network neuroscience would greatly benefit from node definition strategies tailored for dynamical networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ryyppö
- Department of Computer Science, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Elvira Brattico
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, and The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jari Saramäki
- Department of Computer Science, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Onerva Korhonen
- Department of Computer Science, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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Abstract
Subjective feelings are a central feature of human life. We defined the organization and determinants of a feeling space involving 100 core feelings that ranged from cognitive and affective processes to somatic sensations and common illnesses. The feeling space was determined by a combination of basic dimension rating, similarity mapping, bodily sensation mapping, and neuroimaging meta-analysis. A total of 1,026 participants took part in online surveys where we assessed (i) for each feeling, the intensity of four hypothesized basic dimensions (mental experience, bodily sensation, emotion, and controllability), (ii) subjectively experienced similarity of the 100 feelings, and (iii) topography of bodily sensations associated with each feeling. Neural similarity between a subset of the feeling states was derived from the NeuroSynth meta-analysis database based on the data from 9,821 brain-imaging studies. All feelings were emotionally valenced and the saliency of bodily sensations correlated with the saliency of mental experiences associated with each feeling. Nonlinear dimensionality reduction revealed five feeling clusters: positive emotions, negative emotions, cognitive processes, somatic states and illnesses, and homeostatic states. Organization of the feeling space was best explained by basic dimensions of emotional valence, mental experiences, and bodily sensations. Subjectively felt similarity of feelings was associated with basic feeling dimensions and the topography of the corresponding bodily sensations. These findings reveal a map of subjective feelings that are categorical, emotional, and embodied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre and Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland;
- Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Hari
- Department of Art, School of Arts, Design and Architecture, Aalto University, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland;
| | - Jari K Hietanen
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Psychology, University of Tampere, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Turku PET Centre and Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
- Department of Computer Science, School of Science, Aalto University, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Information Technology, Aalto University, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
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33
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Gotsopoulos A, Saarimäki H, Glerean E, Jääskeläinen IP, Sams M, Nummenmaa L, Lampinen J. Reproducibility of importance extraction methods in neural network based fMRI classification. Neuroimage 2018; 181:44-54. [PMID: 29964190 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in machine learning allow faster training, improved performance and increased interpretability of classification techniques. Consequently, their application in neuroscience is rapidly increasing. While classification approaches have proved useful in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, there are concerns regarding extraction, reproducibility and visualization of brain regions that contribute most significantly to the classification. We addressed these issues using an fMRI classification scheme based on neural networks and compared a set of methods for extraction of category-related voxel importances in three simulated and two empirical datasets. The simulation data revealed that the proposed scheme successfully detects spatially distributed and overlapping activation patterns upon successful classification. Application of the proposed classification scheme to two previously published empirical fMRI datasets revealed robust importance maps that extensively overlap with univariate maps but also provide complementary information. Our results demonstrate increased statistical power of importance maps compared to univariate approaches for both detection of overlapping patterns and patterns with weak univariate information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Gotsopoulos
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Heini Saarimäki
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; Turku PET Centre and Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Computer Science, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; Helsinki Institute for Information Technology, Aalto University, Finland
| | - Iiro P Jääskeläinen
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; Advanced Magnetic Imaging (AMI) Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Mikko Sams
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; Department of Computer Science, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre and Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jouko Lampinen
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; Department of Computer Science, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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34
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Nummenmaa L, Lahnakoski JM, Glerean E. Sharing the social world via intersubject neural synchronisation. Curr Opin Psychol 2018; 24:7-14. [PMID: 29550395 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sociability and capability of shared mental states are hallmarks of the human species, and pursuing shared goals oftentimes requires coordinating both behaviour and mental states. Here we review recent work using indices of intersubject neural synchronisation for measuring similarity of mental states across individuals. We discuss the methodological advances and limitations in the analyses based on intersubject synchrony, and discuss how these kinds of model-free analysis techniques enable the investigation of the brain basis of complex social processes. We argue that similarity of brain activity across individuals can be used, under certain conditions, to index the similarity of their subjective states of consciousness, and thus be used for investigating brain basis of mutual understanding and cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Finland.
| | - Juha M Lahnakoski
- Independent Max Planck Research Group for Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Finland
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35
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Alakörkkö T, Saarimäki H, Glerean E, Saramäki J, Korhonen O. Effects of spatial smoothing on functional brain networks. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 46:2471-2480. [PMID: 28922510 PMCID: PMC5698731 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Graph-theoretical methods have rapidly become a standard tool in studies of the structure and function of the human brain. Whereas the structural connectome can be fairly straightforwardly mapped onto a complex network, there are more degrees of freedom in constructing networks that represent functional connections between brain areas. For functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, such networks are typically built by aggregating the blood-oxygen-level dependent signal time series of voxels into larger entities (such as Regions of Interest in some brain atlas) and determining their connection strengths from some measure of time-series correlations. Although it is evident that the outcome must be affected by how the voxel-level time series are treated at the preprocessing stage, there is a lack of systematic studies of the effects of preprocessing on network structure. Here, we focus on the effects of spatial smoothing, a standard preprocessing method for fMRI. We apply various levels of spatial smoothing to resting-state fMRI data and measure the changes induced in functional networks. We show that the level of spatial smoothing clearly affects the degrees and other centrality measures of functional network nodes; these changes are non-uniform, systematic, and depend on the geometry of the brain. The composition of the largest connected network component is also affected in a way that artificially increases the similarity of the networks of different subjects. Our conclusion is that wherever possible, spatial smoothing should be avoided when preprocessing fMRI data for network analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas Alakörkkö
- Department of Computer ScienceSchool of ScienceAalto UniversityPO Box 15400FI‐00076AaltoEspooFinland
| | - Heini Saarimäki
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical EngineeringSchool of ScienceAalto UniversityEspooFinland
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical EngineeringSchool of ScienceAalto UniversityEspooFinland
- Turku PET CentreUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Jari Saramäki
- Department of Computer ScienceSchool of ScienceAalto UniversityPO Box 15400FI‐00076AaltoEspooFinland
| | - Onerva Korhonen
- Department of Computer ScienceSchool of ScienceAalto UniversityPO Box 15400FI‐00076AaltoEspooFinland
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical EngineeringSchool of ScienceAalto UniversityEspooFinland
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36
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Bacha-Trams M, Glerean E, Dunbar R, Lahnakoski JM, Ryyppö E, Sams M, Jääskeläinen IP. Differential inter-subject correlation of brain activity when kinship is a variable in moral dilemma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14244. [PMID: 29079809 PMCID: PMC5660240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous behavioural studies have shown that humans act more altruistically towards kin. Whether and how knowledge of genetic relatedness translates into differential neurocognitive evaluation of observed social interactions has remained an open question. Here, we investigated how the human brain is engaged when viewing a moral dilemma between genetic vs. non-genetic sisters. During functional magnetic resonance imaging, a movie was shown, depicting refusal of organ donation between two sisters, with subjects guided to believe the sisters were related either genetically or by adoption. Although 90% of the subjects self-reported that genetic relationship was not relevant, their brain activity told a different story. Comparing correlations of brain activity across all subject pairs between the two viewing conditions, we found significantly stronger inter-subject correlations in insula, cingulate, medial and lateral prefrontal, superior temporal, and superior parietal cortices, when the subjects believed that the sisters were genetically related. Cognitive functions previously associated with these areas include moral and emotional conflict regulation, decision making, and mentalizing, suggesting more similar engagement of such functions when observing refusal of altruism from a genetic sister. Our results show that mere knowledge of a genetic relationship between interacting persons robustly modulates social cognition of the perceiver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Bacha-Trams
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Turku Pet Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Robin Dunbar
- Social and Evolutionary Neuroscience Research Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Juha M Lahnakoski
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Independent Max Planck Research Group for Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisa Ryyppö
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Mikko Sams
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Iiro P Jääskeläinen
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
- Advanced Magnetic Imaging (AMI) Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
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37
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Korhonen O, Saarimäki H, Glerean E, Sams M, Saramäki J. Consistency of Regions of Interest as nodes of fMRI functional brain networks. Netw Neurosci 2017; 1:254-274. [PMID: 29855622 PMCID: PMC5874134 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional network approach, where fMRI BOLD time series are mapped to networks depicting functional relationships between brain areas, has opened new insights into the function of the human brain. In this approach, the choice of network nodes is of crucial importance. One option is to consider fMRI voxels as nodes. This results in a large number of nodes, making network analysis and interpretation of results challenging. A common alternative is to use predefined clusters of anatomically close voxels, Regions of Interest (ROIs). This approach assumes that voxels within ROIs are functionally similar. Because these two approaches result in different network structures, it is crucial to understand what happens to network connectivity when moving from the voxel level to the ROI level. We show that the consistency of ROIs, defined as the mean Pearson correlation coefficient between the time series of their voxels, varies widely in resting-state experimental data. Therefore the assumption of similar voxel dynamics within each ROI does not generally hold. Further, the time series of low-consistency ROIs may be highly correlated, resulting in spurious links in ROI-level networks. Based on these results, we recommend that averaging BOLD signals over anatomically defined ROIs should be carefully considered. Network methods have opened new insights on structure and functional dynamics of the human brain. However, constructing functional brain networks is far from trivial—the neuroscientific community still lacks a standard definition of the nodes of brain networks. In the present article, we consider the two most commonly used approaches: using either imaging voxels or predefined Regions of Interest (ROIs) as nodes of the network. We investigate what happens when voxel-level signals are averaged for obtaining ROI-level networks. We introduce the concept of ROI consistency to characterize the similarity of the dynamics of voxels in an ROI. With the help of consistency, we show that although voxels in an ROI are assumed to behave similarly, this assumption does not hold for all ROIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onerva Korhonen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.,Department of Computer Science, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Heini Saarimäki
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Mikko Sams
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jari Saramäki
- Department of Computer Science, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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38
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Komulainen E, Glerean E, Meskanen K, Heikkilä R, Nummenmaa L, Raij TT, Lahti J, Jylhä P, Melartin T, Isometsä E, Ekelund J. Single dose of mirtazapine modulates whole-brain functional connectivity during emotional narrative processing. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 263:61-69. [PMID: 28366871 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The link between neurotransmitter-level effects of antidepressants and their clinical effect remain poorly understood. A single dose of mirtazapine decreases limbic responses to fearful faces in healthy subjects, but it is unknown whether this effect applies to complex emotional situations and dynamic connectivity between brain regions. Thirty healthy volunteers listened to spoken emotional narratives during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In an open-label design, 15 subjects received 15mg of mirtazapine two hours prior to fMRI while 15 subjects served as a control group. We assessed the effects of mirtazapine on regional neural responses and dynamic functional connectivity associated with valence and arousal. Mirtazapine attenuated responses to unpleasant events in the right fronto-insular cortex, while modulating responses to arousing events in the core limbic regions and the cortical midline structures (CMS). Mirtazapine decreased responses to unpleasant and arousing events in sensorimotor areas and the anterior CMS implicated in self-referential processing and formation of subjective feelings. Mirtazapine increased functional connectivity associated with positive valence in the CMS and limbic regions. Mirtazapine triggers large-scale changes in regional responses and functional connectivity during naturalistic, emotional stimuli. These span limbic, sensorimotor, and midline brain structures, and may be relevant to the clinical effectiveness of mirtazapine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Komulainen
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Psychiatry, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Aalto University, School of Science, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Espoo, Finland
| | - Katarina Meskanen
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Psychiatry, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roope Heikkilä
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Psychiatry, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre and Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuukka T Raij
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Psychiatry, Helsinki, Finland; Aalto University, School of Science, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Espoo, Finland; Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jari Lahti
- University of Helsinki, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki collegium of Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Jylhä
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Psychiatry, Helsinki, Finland; National Institute of Health and Welfare, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja Melartin
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Psychiatry, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erkki Isometsä
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Psychiatry, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jesper Ekelund
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Psychiatry, Helsinki, Finland; Vaasa Hospital District, Department of Psychiatry, Vaasa, Finland
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39
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Karjalainen T, Karlsson HK, Lahnakoski JM, Glerean E, Nuutila P, Jääskeläinen IP, Hari R, Sams M, Nummenmaa L. Dissociable Roles of Cerebral μ-Opioid and Type 2 Dopamine Receptors in Vicarious Pain: A Combined PET–fMRI Study. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:4257-4266. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juha M. Lahnakoski
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), Aalto University, 00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland
- Independent Max Planck Research Group for Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), Aalto University, 00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Iiro P. Jääskeläinen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), Aalto University, 00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland
| | - Riitta Hari
- Department of Art, Aalto University, 00076 AALTO, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Sams
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), Aalto University, 00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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40
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Salmi J, Koistinen OP, Glerean E, Jylänki P, Vehtari A, Jääskeläinen IP, Mäkelä S, Nummenmaa L, Nummi-Kuisma K, Nummi I, Sams M. Distributed neural signatures of natural audiovisual speech and music in the human auditory cortex. Neuroimage 2016; 157:108-117. [PMID: 27932074 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During a conversation or when listening to music, auditory and visual information are combined automatically into audiovisual objects. However, it is still poorly understood how specific type of visual information shapes neural processing of sounds in lifelike stimulus environments. Here we applied multi-voxel pattern analysis to investigate how naturally matching visual input modulates supratemporal cortex activity during processing of naturalistic acoustic speech, singing and instrumental music. Bayesian logistic regression classifiers with sparsity-promoting priors were trained to predict whether the stimulus was audiovisual or auditory, and whether it contained piano playing, speech, or singing. The predictive performances of the classifiers were tested by leaving one participant at a time for testing and training the model using the remaining 15 participants. The signature patterns associated with unimodal auditory stimuli encompassed distributed locations mostly in the middle and superior temporal gyrus (STG/MTG). A pattern regression analysis, based on a continuous acoustic model, revealed that activity in some of these MTG and STG areas were associated with acoustic features present in speech and music stimuli. Concurrent visual stimulus modulated activity in bilateral MTG (speech), lateral aspect of right anterior STG (singing), and bilateral parietal opercular cortex (piano). Our results suggest that specific supratemporal brain areas are involved in processing complex natural speech, singing, and piano playing, and other brain areas located in anterior (facial speech) and posterior (music-related hand actions) supratemporal cortex are influenced by related visual information. Those anterior and posterior supratemporal areas have been linked to stimulus identification and sensory-motor integration, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha Salmi
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), School of Science, Aalto University, Finland; Advanced Magnetic Imaging (AMI) Centre, School of Science, Aalto University, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Division of Cognitive and Neuropsychology, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli-Pekka Koistinen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), School of Science, Aalto University, Finland
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), School of Science, Aalto University, Finland
| | - Pasi Jylänki
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), School of Science, Aalto University, Finland
| | - Aki Vehtari
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), School of Science, Aalto University, Finland
| | - Iiro P Jääskeläinen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), School of Science, Aalto University, Finland
| | - Sasu Mäkelä
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), School of Science, Aalto University, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), School of Science, Aalto University, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Finland
| | | | - Ilari Nummi
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), School of Science, Aalto University, Finland
| | - Mikko Sams
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), School of Science, Aalto University, Finland.
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41
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Kujala R, Glerean E, Pan RK, Jääskeläinen IP, Sams M, Saramäki J. Graph coarse-graining reveals differences in the module-level structure of functional brain networks. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 44:2673-2684. [PMID: 27602806 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Networks have become a standard tool for analyzing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. In this approach, brain areas and their functional connections are mapped to the nodes and links of a network. Even though this mapping reduces the complexity of the underlying data, it remains challenging to understand the structure of the resulting networks due to the large number of nodes and links. One solution is to partition networks into modules and then investigate the modules' composition and relationship with brain functioning. While this approach works well for single networks, understanding differences between two networks by comparing their partitions is difficult and alternative approaches are thus necessary. To this end, we present a coarse-graining framework that uses a single set of data-driven modules as a frame of reference, enabling one to zoom out from the node- and link-level details. As a result, differences in the module-level connectivity can be understood in a transparent, statistically verifiable manner. We demonstrate the feasibility of the method by applying it to networks constructed from fMRI data recorded from 13 healthy subjects during rest and movie viewing. While independently partitioning the rest and movie networks is shown to yield little insight, the coarse-graining framework enables one to pinpoint differences in the module-level structure, such as the increased number of intra-module links within the visual cortex during movie viewing. In addition to quantifying differences due to external stimuli, the approach could also be applied in clinical settings, such as comparing patients with healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Kujala
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, PO Box 15400, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland.
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland
| | - Raj Kumar Pan
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, PO Box 15400, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Iiro P Jääskeläinen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland
| | - Mikko Sams
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland
| | - Jari Saramäki
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, PO Box 15400, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
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42
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Nummenmaa L, Suvilehto JT, Glerean E, Santtila P, Hietanen JK. Topography of Human Erogenous Zones. Arch Sex Behav 2016; 45:1207-1216. [PMID: 27091187 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-016-0745-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Touching is a powerful means for eliciting sexual arousal. Here, we establish the topographical organization of bodily regions triggering sexual arousal in humans. A total of 704 participants were shown images of same and opposite sex bodies and asked to color the bodily regions whose touching they or members of the opposite sex would experience as sexually arousing while masturbating or having sex with a partner. Resulting erogenous zone maps (EZMs) revealed that the whole body was sensitive to sexual touching, with erogenous hotspots consisting of genitals, breasts, and anus. The EZM area was larger while having sex with a partner versus while masturbating, and was also dependent on sexual desire and heterosexual and homosexual interest levels. We conclude that tactile stimulation of practically all bodily regions may trigger sexual arousal. Extension of the erogenous zones while having sex with a partner may reflect the role of touching in maintenance of reproductive pair bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Nummenmaa
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland.
- Turku PET Centre and Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Juulia T Suvilehto
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Pekka Santtila
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Jari K Hietanen
- Human Information Processing Laboratory, School of Social Sciences and Humanities/Psychology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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43
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Abstract
Different basic emotions (anger, fear, disgust, happiness, sadness, and surprise) are consistently associated with distinct bodily sensation maps, which may underlie subjectively felt emotions. Here we investigated the development of bodily sensations associated with basic emotions in 6- to 17-year-old children and adolescents (n = 331). Children as young as 6 years of age associated statistically discernible, discrete patterns of bodily sensations with happiness, fear, and surprise, as well as with emotional neutrality. The bodily sensation maps changed from less to more specific, adult-like patterns as a function of age. We conclude that emotion-related bodily sensations become increasingly discrete over child development. Developing awareness of their emotion-related bodily sensations may shape the way children perceive, label, and interpret emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jari K Hietanen
- Human Information Processing Laboratory, School of Social Sciences and Humanities/Psychology, University of Tampere, Finland.
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Finland
| | - Riitta Hari
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Finland
- Turku PET Centre and Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Finland
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44
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Glerean E, Pan RK, Salmi J, Kujala R, Lahnakoski JM, Roine U, Nummenmaa L, Leppämäki S, Nieminen-von Wendt T, Tani P, Saramäki J, Sams M, Jääskeläinen IP. Reorganization of functionally connected brain subnetworks in high-functioning autism. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 37:1066-79. [PMID: 26686668 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous functional connectivity studies have found both hypo- and hyper-connectivity in brains of individuals having autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here we studied abnormalities in functional brain subnetworks in high-functioning individuals with ASD during free viewing of a movie containing social cues and interactions. Twenty-six subjects (13 with ASD) watched a 68-min movie during functional magnetic resonance imaging. For each subject, we computed Pearson's correlation between haemodynamic time-courses of each pair of 6-mm isotropic voxels. From the whole-brain functional networks, we derived individual and group-level subnetworks using graph theory. Scaled inclusivity was then calculated between all subject pairs to estimate intersubject similarity of connectivity structure of each subnetwork. Additional 54 individuals (27 with ASD) from the ABIDE resting-state database were included to test the reproducibility of the results. Between-group differences were observed in the composition of default-mode and ventro-temporal-limbic (VTL) subnetworks. The VTL subnetwork included amygdala, striatum, thalamus, parahippocampal, fusiform, and inferior temporal gyri. Further, VTL subnetwork similarity between subject pairs correlated significantly with similarity of symptom gravity measured with autism quotient. This correlation was observed also within the controls, and in the reproducibility dataset with ADI-R and ADOS scores. Our results highlight how the reorganization of functional subnetworks in individuals with ASD clarifies the mixture of hypo- and hyper-connectivity findings. Importantly, only the functional organization of the VTL subnetwork emerges as a marker of inter-individual similarities that co-vary with behavioral measures across all participants. These findings suggest a pivotal role of ventro-temporal and limbic systems in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Glerean
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Raj K Pan
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Juha Salmi
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.,Faculty of Arts, Psychology and Theology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Rainer Kujala
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Juha M Lahnakoski
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Ulrika Roine
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.,Turku PET Centre and Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sami Leppämäki
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Pekka Tani
- Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Saramäki
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Mikko Sams
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Iiro P Jääskeläinen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.,Advanced Magnetic Imaging (AMI) Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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45
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Abstract
Nonhuman primates use social touch for maintenance and reinforcement of social structures, yet the role of social touch in human bonding in different reproductive, affiliative, and kinship-based relationships remains unresolved. Here we reveal quantified, relationship-specific maps of bodily regions where social touch is allowed in a large cross-cultural dataset (N = 1,368 from Finland, France, Italy, Russia, and the United Kingdom). Participants were shown front and back silhouettes of human bodies with a word denoting one member of their social network. They were asked to color, on separate trials, the bodily regions where each individual in their social network would be allowed to touch them. Across all tested cultures, the total bodily area where touching was allowed was linearly dependent (mean r(2) = 0.54) on the emotional bond with the toucher, but independent of when that person was last encountered. Close acquaintances and family members were touched for more reasons than less familiar individuals. The bodily area others are allowed to touch thus represented, in a parametric fashion, the strength of the relationship-specific emotional bond. We propose that the spatial patterns of human social touch reflect an important mechanism supporting the maintenance of social bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juulia T Suvilehto
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland;
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Robin I M Dunbar
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Ox1 3UD Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Riitta Hari
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland;
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland; Turku PET Centre and Department of Psychology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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46
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Smirnov D, Glerean E, Lahnakoski JM, Salmi J, Jääskeläinen IP, Sams M, Nummenmaa L. Fronto-parietal network supports context-dependent speech comprehension. Neuropsychologia 2014; 63:293-303. [PMID: 25218167 PMCID: PMC4410787 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Knowing the context of a discourse is an essential prerequisite for comprehension. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to disclose brain networks supporting context-dependent speech comprehension. During fMRI, 20 participants listened to 1-min spoken narratives preceded by pictures that were either contextually matching or mismatching with the narrative. Matching pictures increased narrative comprehension, decreased hemodynamic activity in Broca׳s area, and enhanced its functional connectivity with left anterior superior frontal gyrus, bilateral inferior parietal cortex, as well as anterior and posterior cingulate cortex. Further, the anterior (BA 45) and posterior (BA 44) portions of Broca׳s area differed in their functional connectivity patterns. Both BA 44 and BA 45 have shown increased connectivity with right angular gyrus and supramarginal gyrus. Whereas BA 44 showed increased connectivity with left angular gyrus, left inferior/middle temporal gyrus and left postcentral gyrus, BA 45 showed increased connectivity with right posterior cingulate cortex, right anterior inferior frontal gyrus, lateral occipital cortex and anterior cingulate cortex. Our results suggest that a fronto-parietal functional network supports context-dependent narrative comprehension, and that Broca׳s area is involved in resolving ambiguity from speech when appropriate contextual cues are lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Smirnov
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science (BECS), School of Science, Aalto University, Finland.
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science (BECS), School of Science, Aalto University, Finland
| | - Juha M Lahnakoski
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science (BECS), School of Science, Aalto University, Finland
| | - Juha Salmi
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science (BECS), School of Science, Aalto University, Finland
| | - Iiro P Jääskeläinen
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science (BECS), School of Science, Aalto University, Finland
| | - Mikko Sams
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science (BECS), School of Science, Aalto University, Finland; AMI Centre, AALTO NEUROIMAGING, School of Science, Aalto University, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science (BECS), School of Science, Aalto University, Finland; Brain Research Unit, O.V. Lounasmaa Laboratory, School of Science, Aalto University, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Finland
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47
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Nummenmaa L, Saarimäki H, Glerean E, Gotsopoulos A, Jääskeläinen IP, Hari R, Sams M. Emotional speech synchronizes brains across listeners and engages large-scale dynamic brain networks. Neuroimage 2014; 102 Pt 2:498-509. [PMID: 25128711 PMCID: PMC4229500 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Speech provides a powerful means for sharing emotions. Here we implement novel intersubject phase synchronization and whole-brain dynamic connectivity measures to show that networks of brain areas become synchronized across participants who are listening to emotional episodes in spoken narratives. Twenty participants' hemodynamic brain activity was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while they listened to 45-s narratives describing unpleasant, neutral, and pleasant events spoken in neutral voice. After scanning, participants listened to the narratives again and rated continuously their feelings of pleasantness–unpleasantness (valence) and of arousal–calmness. Instantaneous intersubject phase synchronization (ISPS) measures were computed to derive both multi-subject voxel-wise similarity measures of hemodynamic activity and inter-area functional dynamic connectivity (seed-based phase synchronization, SBPS). Valence and arousal time series were subsequently used to predict the ISPS and SBPS time series. High arousal was associated with increased ISPS in the auditory cortices and in Broca's area, and negative valence was associated with enhanced ISPS in the thalamus, anterior cingulate, lateral prefrontal, and orbitofrontal cortices. Negative valence affected functional connectivity of fronto-parietal, limbic (insula, cingulum) and fronto-opercular circuitries, and positive arousal affected the connectivity of the striatum, amygdala, thalamus, cerebellum, and dorsal frontal cortex. Positive valence and negative arousal had markedly smaller effects. We propose that high arousal synchronizes the listeners' sound-processing and speech-comprehension networks, whereas negative valence synchronizes circuitries supporting emotional and self-referential processing. We model how emotional speech synchronizes brains across listeners. Participants listened to emotional and neutral narratives during fMRI scan. Arousal synchronized auditory cortices and Broca's area. Valence synchronized limbic system, prefrontal, and orbitofrontal cortices. Valence and arousal triggered distinct patterns of dynamic functional connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Nummenmaa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science, School of Science, Aalto University, Finland; Brain Research Unit, O.V. Lounasmaa Laboratory, School of Science, Aalto University, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Finland.
| | - Heini Saarimäki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science, School of Science, Aalto University, Finland
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science, School of Science, Aalto University, Finland
| | - Athanasios Gotsopoulos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science, School of Science, Aalto University, Finland
| | - Iiro P Jääskeläinen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science, School of Science, Aalto University, Finland
| | - Riitta Hari
- Brain Research Unit, O.V. Lounasmaa Laboratory, School of Science, Aalto University, Finland; Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, School of Science, Aalto University, Finland
| | - Mikko Sams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science, School of Science, Aalto University, Finland; Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, School of Science, Aalto University, Finland
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48
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Lahnakoski JM, Glerean E, Jääskeläinen IP, Hyönä J, Hari R, Sams M, Nummenmaa L. Synchronous brain activity across individuals underlies shared psychological perspectives. Neuroimage 2014; 100:316-24. [PMID: 24936687 PMCID: PMC4153812 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
For successful communication, we need to understand the external world consistently with others. This task requires sufficiently similar cognitive schemas or psychological perspectives that act as filters to guide the selection, interpretation and storage of sensory information, perceptual objects and events. Here we show that when individuals adopt a similar psychological perspective during natural viewing, their brain activity becomes synchronized in specific brain regions. We measured brain activity with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) from 33 healthy participants who viewed a 10-min movie twice, assuming once a ‘social’ (detective) and once a ‘non-social’ (interior decorator) perspective to the movie events. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to derive multisubject voxelwise similarity measures (inter-subject correlations; ISCs) of functional MRI data. We used k-nearest-neighbor and support vector machine classifiers as well as a Mantel test on the ISC matrices to reveal brain areas wherein ISC predicted the participants' current perspective. ISC was stronger in several brain regions—most robustly in the parahippocampal gyrus, posterior parietal cortex and lateral occipital cortex—when the participants viewed the movie with similar rather than different perspectives. Synchronization was not explained by differences in visual sampling of the movies, as estimated by eye gaze. We propose that synchronous brain activity across individuals adopting similar psychological perspectives could be an important neural mechanism supporting shared understanding of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha M Lahnakoski
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science (BECS), School of Science, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland; Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, School of Science, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science (BECS), School of Science, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Iiro P Jääskeläinen
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science (BECS), School of Science, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Jukka Hyönä
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Hari
- Brain Research Unit, O.V. Lounasmaa Laboratory, School of Science, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Mikko Sams
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science (BECS), School of Science, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science (BECS), School of Science, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland; Brain Research Unit, O.V. Lounasmaa Laboratory, School of Science, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
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49
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Salmi J, Glerean E, Jääskeläinen IP, Lahnakoski JM, Kettunen J, Lampinen J, Tikka P, Sams M. Posterior parietal cortex activity reflects the significance of others' actions during natural viewing. Hum Brain Mapp 2014; 35:4767-76. [PMID: 24706557 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) has been associated with multiple stimulus-driven (e.g., processing stimulus movements, providing visual signals for the motor system), goal-directed (e.g., directing visual attention to a target, processing behavioral priority of intentions), and action-related functions in previous studies with non-naturalistic paradigms. Here, we examined how these functions reflect PPC activity during natural viewing. Fourteen healthy volunteers watched a re-edited movie during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants separately annotated behavioral priority (accounting for percepts, thoughts, and emotions) they had experienced during movie episodes. Movements in the movie were quantified with computer vision and eye movements were recorded from a separate group of subjects. Our results show that while overlapping dorsomedial PPC areas respond to episodes with multiple types of stimulus content, ventrolateral PPC areas exhibit enhanced activity when viewing goal-directed human hand actions. Furthermore, PPC activity related to viewing goal-directed human hand actions was more accurately explained by behavioral priority than by movements of the stimulus or eye movements. Taken together, our results suggest that PPC participates in perception of goal-directed human hand actions, supporting the view that PPC has a special role in providing visual signals for the motor system ("how"), in addition to processing visual spatial movements ("where").
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha Salmi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science, Brain and Mind Laboratory, Aalto University School of Science, Finland; Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto University School of Science, Finland
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50
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Salmi J, Roine U, Glerean E, Lahnakoski J, Nieminen-von Wendt T, Tani P, Leppämäki S, Nummenmaa L, Jääskeläinen IP, Carlson S, Rintahaka P, Sams M. The brains of high functioning autistic individuals do not synchronize with those of others. Neuroimage Clin 2013; 3:489-97. [PMID: 24273731 PMCID: PMC3830058 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Multifaceted and idiosyncratic aberrancies in social cognition characterize autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). To advance understanding of underlying neural mechanisms, we measured brain hemodynamic activity with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in individuals with ASD and matched-pair neurotypical (NT) controls while they were viewing a feature film portraying social interactions. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used as a measure of voxelwise similarity of brain activity (InterSubject Correlations—ISCs). Individuals with ASD showed lower ISC than NT controls in brain regions implicated in processing social information including the insula, posterior and anterior cingulate cortex, caudate nucleus, precuneus, lateral occipital cortex, and supramarginal gyrus. Curiously, also within NT group, autism-quotient scores predicted ISC in overlapping areas, including, e.g., supramarginal gyrus and precuneus. In ASD participants, functional connectivity was decreased between the frontal pole and the superior frontal gyrus, angular gyrus, superior parietal lobule, precentral gyrus, precuneus, and anterior/posterior cingulate gyrus. Taken together these results suggest that ISC and functional connectivity measure distinct features of atypical brain function in high-functioning autistic individuals during free viewing of acted social interactions. Our ISC results suggest that the minds of ASD individuals do not ‘tick together’ with others while perceiving identical dynamic social interactions. We studied brain function in autism during free viewing of social interactions. The brains of individuals with autism do not ‘tick together’ with others. Long-range functional connectivity is altered in individuals with autism. Link between autistic traits and social brain synchrony extends to normal population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Salmi
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science (BECS), School of Science, Aalto University, Finland ; Advanced Magnetic Imaging (AMI) Centre, School of Science, Aalto University, Finland
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