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Arrigoni E, Antoniotti P, Bellocchio V, Veronelli L, Corbo M, Pisoni A. Neural alterations underlying executive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and coordinate-based meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102207. [PMID: 38281709 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease's (PD) neuropsychological profile is often characterized by altered performance in executive functions (EF) tasks, with a remarkable impact on patients' quality of life. To date, the available neuroimaging literature lacks conclusive evidence about neural patterns underlying EF deficits in PD. Here, we aimed to synthesize the results of PET/fMRI studies examining the differences in brain activation between PD patients and controls during EF tasks, focusing on the three main EF sub-components: cognitive flexibility, working memory, and response inhibition. We conducted a coordinate-based meta-analysis to assess the converging alterations in brain activity in PD patients compared to controls. We assessed the association between aberrant patterns of activity and the EF sub-domains. We found a significant association between hypoactivation patterns in PD converging at the level of the right inferior frontal gyrus in response inhibition tasks, whereas hypoactivation in the left inferior frontal gyrus was found in association with the cognitive flexibility domain. Our results confirm the existence of neural alterations in PD patients in relation to specific EF sub-domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Arrigoni
- PhD program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milano, Italy.
| | - Paola Antoniotti
- PhD program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura IGEA, via Dezza 48, 20144 Milano, Italy
| | - Virginia Bellocchio
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Veronelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura IGEA, via Dezza 48, 20144 Milano, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Corbo
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura IGEA, via Dezza 48, 20144 Milano, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Pisoni
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy.
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Noguchi-Shinohara M, Ono K. The Mechanisms of the Roles of α-Synuclein, Amyloid-β, and Tau Protein in the Lewy Body Diseases: Pathogenesis, Early Detection, and Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10215. [PMID: 37373401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lewy body diseases (LBD) are pathologically defined as the accumulation of Lewy bodies composed of an aggregation of α-synuclein (αSyn). In LBD, not only the sole aggregation of αSyn but also the co-aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins, such as amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau, has been reported. In this review, the pathophysiology of co-aggregation of αSyn, Aβ, and tau protein and the advancement in imaging and fluid biomarkers that can detect αSyn and co-occurring Aβ and/or tau pathologies are discussed. Additionally, the αSyn-targeted disease-modifying therapies in clinical trials are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeko Noguchi-Shinohara
- Department of Neurology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Ono
- Department of Neurology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
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van Balkom TD, Berendse HW, van der Werf YD, Twisk JWR, Peeters CFW, Hoogendoorn AW, Hagen RH, Berk T, van den Heuvel OA, Vriend C. Effect of eight-week online cognitive training in Parkinson's disease: A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2022; 96:80-87. [PMID: 35248830 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2022.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive training (CT) has been proposed as a treatment option for cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD). We aimed to assess the efficacy of adaptive, computerized CT on cognitive function in PD. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized controlled trial we enrolled PD patients that experienced substantial subjective cognitive complaints. Over a period of eight weeks, participants underwent 24 sessions of computerized multi-domain CT or an active control intervention for 45 min each (randomized 1:1). The primary outcome was the accuracy on the Tower of London task; secondary outcomes included effects on other neuropsychological outcomes and subjective cognitive complaints. Outcomes were assessed before and after training and at six-months follow-up, and analyzed with multivariate mixed-model analyses. RESULTS The intention-to-treat population consisted of 136 participants (n = 68 vs. n = 68, age M: 62.9y, female: 39.7%). Multivariate mixed-model analyses showed no group difference on the Tower of London accuracy corrected for baseline performance (n = 130): B: -0.06, 95% CI: -0.27 to 0.15, p = 0.562. Participants in the CT group were on average 0.30 SD (i.e., 1.5 s) faster on difficulty load 4 of this task (secondary outcome): 95% CI: -0.55 to -0.06, p = 0.015. CT did not reduce subjective cognitive complaints. At follow-up, no group differences were found. CONCLUSIONS This study shows no beneficial effect of eight-week computerized CT on the primary outcome (i.e., planning accuracy) and only minor improvements on secondary outcomes (i.e., processing speed) with limited clinical impact. Personalized or ecologically valid multi-modal intervention methods could be considered to achieve clinically meaningful and lasting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim D van Balkom
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Henk W Berendse
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Ysbrand D van der Werf
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Jos W R Twisk
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Carel F W Peeters
- Wageningen University & Research, Mathematical & Statistical Methods Group (Biometris), PO Box 16, 6700AA, Wageningen, Netherlands.
| | | | - Rob H Hagen
- Dutch Parkinson's Disease Association, PO Box 46, 3980, CA, Bunnik, Netherlands.
| | - Tanja Berk
- Dutch Parkinson's Disease Association, PO Box 46, 3980, CA, Bunnik, Netherlands.
| | - Odile A van den Heuvel
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Chris Vriend
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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van Balkom TD, van den Heuvel OA, Berendse HW, van der Werf YD, Vriend C. Eight-week multi-domain cognitive training does not impact large-scale resting-state brain networks in Parkinson's disease. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 33:102952. [PMID: 35123203 PMCID: PMC8819471 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.102952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There is meta-analytic evidence for the efficacy of cognitive training (CT) in Parkinson's disease (PD). We performed a randomized controlled trial where we found small positive effects of CT on executive function and processing speed in individuals with PD (ntotal = 140). In this study, we assessed the effects of CT on brain network connectivity and topology in a subsample of the full study population (nmri = 86). Participants were randomized into an online multi-domain CT and an active control condition and performed 24 sessions of either intervention in eight weeks. Resting-state functional MRI scans were acquired in addition to extensive clinical and neuropsychological assessments pre- and post-intervention. In line with our preregistered analysis plan (osf.io/3st82), we computed connectivity between 'cognitive' resting-state networks and computed topological outcomes at the whole-brain and sub-network level. We assessed group differences after the intervention with mixed-model analyses adjusting for baseline performance and analyzed the association between network and cognitive performance changes with repeated measures correlation analyses. The final analysis sample consisted of 71 participants (n CT = 37). After intervention there were no group differences on between-network connectivity and network topological outcomes. No associations between neural network and neuropsychological performance change were found. CT increased segregated network topology in a small sub-sample of cognitively intact participants. Post-hoc nodal analyses showed post-intervention enhanced connectivity of both the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the CT group. The results suggest no large-scale brain network effects of eight-week computerized CT, but rather localized connectivity changes of key regions in cognitive function, that potentially reflect the specific effects of the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim D van Balkom
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Odile A van den Heuvel
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Henk W Berendse
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Ysbrand D van der Werf
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Chris Vriend
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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Vriend C, van Balkom TD, Berendse HW, van der Werf YD, van den Heuvel OA. Cognitive Training in Parkinson's Disease Induces Local, Not Global, Changes in White Matter Microstructure. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:2518-2528. [PMID: 34409569 PMCID: PMC8804148 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01103-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that cognitive training can improve cognitive performance in various neurodegenerative diseases but little is known about the effects of cognitive training on the brain. Here, we investigated the effects of our cognitive training paradigm, COGTIPS, on regional white matter microstructure and structural network topology. We previously showed that COGTIPS has small, positive effects on processing speed. A subsample of 79 PD patients (N = 40 cognitive training group, N = 39 active control group) underwent multi-shell diffusion-weighted imaging pre- and post-intervention. Our pre-registered analysis plan (osf.io/cht6g) entailed investigating white matter microstructural integrity (e.g., fractional anisotropy) in five tracts of interest, including the anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), whole-brain tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS), and the topology of the structural network. Relative to the active control condition, cognitive training had no effect on topology of the structural network or whole-brain TBSS. Cognitive training did lead to a reduction in fractional anisotropy in the ATR (B [SE]: - 0.32 [0.12], P = 0.01). This reduction was associated with faster responses on the Tower of London task (r = 0.42, P = 0.007), but this just fell short of our statistical threshold (P < 0.006). Post hoc "fixel-based" analyses showed that this was not due to changes in fiber density and cross section. This suggests that the observed effect in the ATR is due to training-induced alterations in neighboring fibers running through the same voxels, such as intra-striatal and thalamo-striatal fibers. These results indicate that 8 weeks of cognitive training does not alter network topology, but has subtle local effects on structural connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Vriend
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Tim D van Balkom
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Henk W Berendse
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ysbrand D van der Werf
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Odile A van den Heuvel
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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6
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Wei X, Luo C, Li Q, Hu N, Xiao Y, Liu N, Lui S, Gong Q. White Matter Abnormalities in Patients With Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 12:610962. [PMID: 33584244 PMCID: PMC7876070 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.610962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) studies based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have revealed extensive abnormalities in white matter (WM) fibers of Parkinson's disease (PD); however, the results were inconsistent. Therefore, a meta-analytical approach was used in this study to find the most prominent and replicable WM abnormalities of PD. Methods: Online databases were systematically searched for all TBSS studies comparing fractional anisotropy (FA) between patients with PD and controls. Subsequently, we performed the meta-analysis using a coordinate-based meta-analytic software called seed-based d mapping. Meanwhile, meta-regression was performed to explore the potential correlation between the alteration of FA and the clinical characteristics of PD. Results: Out of a total of 1,701 studies that were identified, 23 studies were included. Thirty datasets, including 915 patients (543 men) with PD and 836 healthy controls (449 men), were included in the current study. FA reduction was identified in the body of the corpus callosum (CC; 245 voxels; z = -1.739; p < 0.001) and the left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF) 118 voxels; z = -1.182; p < 0.001). Both CC and IFOF maintained significance in the sensitivity analysis. No increase in FA was identified, but the percentage of male patients with PD was positively associated with the value of FA in the body of the CC. Conclusions: Although some limitations exist, DTI is regarded as a valid way to identify the pathophysiology of PD. It could be more beneficial to integrate DTI parameters with other MRI techniques to explore brain degeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wei
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunyan Luo
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Hu
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nian Liu
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Su Lui
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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7
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Wang J, Shen Y, Peng J, Wang A, Wu X, Chen X, Liu J, Wei M, Zou D, Han Y, Cheng O. Different functional connectivity modes of the right fronto-insular cortex in akinetic-rigid and tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease. Neurol Sci 2020; 42:2937-2946. [PMID: 33236247 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04917-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with akinetic-rigid Parkinson's disease (AR-PD) are more prone to cognitive decline and depressive symptoms than tremor-dominant PD (TD-PD) patients. The right fronto-insular cortex (rFIC), as a key node of salience network, plays a critical role in the switching between central executive network and default mode network. In this study, we explored the functional connectivity mode of rFIC with triple-brain networks, namely default mode network, salience network, and central executive network, in two motor subtypes of PD. METHODS We recruited 44 PD patients (including the TD-PD group and AR-PD group) and 18 age-matched healthy controls (HCs). We performed functional connectivity (FC) analysis of resting-state functional MRI. RESULTS Compared with TD-PD, decreased FC were found in the right insular cortex and bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus in AR-PD. Compared with HCs, decreased FC in the bilateral insula, the anterior cingulate gyrus, the precentral gyrus, and the right medial frontal gyrus were found; therein, the FC value of rFIC-precentral gyrus was positively correlated with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-II score in AR-PD (p = 0.0482, r = 0.4162). While TD-PD showed decreased FC in the left insula as well as bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus when compared with HCs, and the FC value of the rFIC-left insula was positively correlated with its Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score (p = 0.02, r = 0.50). CONCLUSION The functional connectivity mode of rFIC in AR-PD differed from that in TD-PD. The decreased rFIC FC with the other nodes of salience network might be a potential indicator for AR-PD patients prone to develop cognitive decline and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yalian Shen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Juan Peng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Anran Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaocui Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jinjin Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Min Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Dezhi Zou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Oumei Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Grolez G, Viard R, Lopes R, Kuchcinski G, Defebvre L, Devos D, Dujardin K, Moreau C. Functional correlates of cognitive slowing in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 76:3-9. [PMID: 32531530 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Although attentional impairments (particularly cognitive slowing) are frequent in Parkinson's disease (PD), the mechanisms underlying these phenomena have not been fully characterized. The MRI-compatible version of the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) has been applied to healthy individuals but not previously to patients with PD. We sought to assess functional changes in brain activation patterns associated with cognitive slowing in PD. Eighteen patients with PD and 11 matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. High-resolution three-dimensional T1-weighted images and blood-oxygen-level-dependent images were acquired during the SDMT. SDMT-related brain networks for the HC and PD groups were extracted from one-sample T-test maps. In each hemisphere, correlated regions were identified by selecting 120 voxels around the peak of each significant cluster (puncorrected<0.001). Regions of interest were then analyzed. When performing the SDMT, both groups displayed activation in the frontal, parietal and occipital regions known to be involved in attention. In the PD group, activation was lower in several parts of the cerebellum, left and right occipital cortices, and right supramarginal gyrus. In eight of these regions, fMRI activation was positively correlated with performance in the SDMT task. Our results suggest that the right supramarginal gyrus (an important interface for information integration), the cerebellum, and the left and right occipital cortices are involved in cognitive slowing in PD. A lower level of brain activation was associated with greater cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Grolez
- Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR 1172, Team1 Degenerative and vascular cognitive disorders, Lille, France; Lille University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Lille, France.
| | - Romain Viard
- Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR 1172, Team1 Degenerative and vascular cognitive disorders, Lille, France; Lille University Medical Center, Department of Neuroradiology, Lille, France.
| | - Renaud Lopes
- Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR 1172, Team1 Degenerative and vascular cognitive disorders, Lille, France; Lille University Medical Center, Department of Neuroradiology, Lille, France.
| | - Grégory Kuchcinski
- Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR 1172, Team1 Degenerative and vascular cognitive disorders, Lille, France; Lille University Medical Center, Department of Neuroradiology, Lille, France.
| | - Luc Defebvre
- Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR 1172, Team1 Degenerative and vascular cognitive disorders, Lille, France; Lille University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Lille, France.
| | - David Devos
- Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR 1172, Team1 Degenerative and vascular cognitive disorders, Lille, France; Lille University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Lille, France; Lille University Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology, Lille, France.
| | - Kathy Dujardin
- Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR 1172, Team1 Degenerative and vascular cognitive disorders, Lille, France; Lille University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Lille, France.
| | - Caroline Moreau
- Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR 1172, Team1 Degenerative and vascular cognitive disorders, Lille, France; Lille University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Lille, France.
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Serra-Añó P, Pedrero-Sánchez JF, Inglés M, Aguilar-Rodríguez M, Vargas-Villanueva I, López-Pascual J. Assessment of Functional Activities in Individuals with Parkinson's Disease Using a Simple and Reliable Smartphone-Based Procedure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17114123. [PMID: 32527031 PMCID: PMC7312659 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder leading to functional impairment. In order to monitor the progression of the disease and to implement individualized therapeutic approaches, functional assessments are paramount. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of PD on balance, gait, turn-to-sit and sit-to-stand by means of a single short-duration reliable test using a single inertial measurement unit embedded in a smartphone device. Study participants included 29 individuals with mild-to moderate PD (PG) and 31 age-matched healthy counterparts (CG). Functional assessment with FallSkip® included postural control (i.e., Medial-Lateral (ML) and Anterior-Posterior (AP) displacements), gait (Vertical (V) and Medial-Lateral (ML) ranges), turn-to-sit (time) and sit-to-stand (power) tests, total time and gait reaction time. Our results disclosed a reliable procedure (intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.58–0.92). PG displayed significantly larger ML and AP displacements during the postural test, a decrease in ML range while walking and a longer time needed to perform the turn-to-sit task than CG (p < 0.05). No differences between groups were found for V range, sit-to-stand test, total time and reaction time (p > 0.05). In conclusion, people with mild-to-moderate PD exhibit impaired postural control, altered gait strategy and slower turn-to-sit performance than age-matched healthy people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Serra-Añó
- UBIC, Departament de Fisioteràpia de la Universitat de València, 46010 València, Spain; (P.S.-A.); (M.A.-R.); (I.V.-V.)
| | - José Francisco Pedrero-Sánchez
- Instituto de Biomecánica de Valencia, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46021 València, Spain; (J.F.P.-S.); (J.L.-P.)
| | - Marta Inglés
- UBIC, Departament de Fisioteràpia de la Universitat de València, 46010 València, Spain; (P.S.-A.); (M.A.-R.); (I.V.-V.)
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Universitat de València, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES-ISCIII), Fundación Investigación del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), 46010 València, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Marta Aguilar-Rodríguez
- UBIC, Departament de Fisioteràpia de la Universitat de València, 46010 València, Spain; (P.S.-A.); (M.A.-R.); (I.V.-V.)
| | - Ismael Vargas-Villanueva
- UBIC, Departament de Fisioteràpia de la Universitat de València, 46010 València, Spain; (P.S.-A.); (M.A.-R.); (I.V.-V.)
| | - Juan López-Pascual
- Instituto de Biomecánica de Valencia, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46021 València, Spain; (J.F.P.-S.); (J.L.-P.)
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10
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Vriend C, van Balkom TD, van Druningen C, Klein M, van der Werf YD, Berendse HW, van den Heuvel OA. Processing speed is related to striatal dopamine transporter availability in Parkinson's disease. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 26:102257. [PMID: 32344372 PMCID: PMC7186552 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) affects the integrity of the dopamine and serotonin system, and is characterized by a plethora of different symptoms, including cognitive impairments of which the pathophysiology is not yet fully elucidated. OBJECTIVES Investigate the role of the integrity of the dopaminergic and serotonergic system in cognitive functioning in early-stage PD using Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) combined with the radiotracer 123I-N-ω-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane (123I-FP-CIT). METHODS We studied the association between cognitive functions and dopamine transporter (DAT) availability in the caudate nucleus and putamen - as a proxy for striatal dopaminergic integrity - and serotonin transporter (SERT) availability as a proxy for serotonergic integrity in the thalamus and hippocampus using bootstrapped multiple regression. One-hundred-and-twenty-nine (129) PD patients underwent a 123I-FP-CIT SPECT scan and a neuropsychological assessment. RESULTS We showed a positive association between DAT availability in the head of the caudate nucleus and the Stroop Color Word Task - card I (reading words; β = 0.32, P = 0.001) and a positive association between DAT availability in the anterior putamen and the Trail Making Test part A (connecting consecutively numbered circles; β = 0.25, P = 0.02). These associations remained after adjusting for motor symptom severity or volume of the region-of-interest and were most pronounced in medication-naïve PD patients. There were no associations between cognitive performance and SERT availability in the thalamus or hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS We interpret these results as a role for striatal dopamine - and its PD-related decline - in aspects of processing speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Vriend
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1007 MB, the Netherlands.
| | - Tim D van Balkom
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Corné van Druningen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Klein
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Psychology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ysbrand D van der Werf
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1007 MB, the Netherlands
| | - Henk W Berendse
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Odile A van den Heuvel
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1007 MB, the Netherlands
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11
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Hensel L, Hoffstaedter F, Caspers J, Michely J, Mathys C, Heller J, Eickhoff CR, Reetz K, Südmeyer M, Fink GR, Schnitzler A, Grefkes C, Eickhoff SB. Functional Connectivity Changes of Key Regions for Motor Initiation in Parkinson's Disease. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:383-396. [PMID: 30418548 PMCID: PMC6294405 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Akinesia, a cardinal symptom of Parkinson's disease, has been linked to abnormal activation in putamen and posterior medial frontal cortex (pMFC). However, little is known whether clinical severity of akinesia is linked to dysfunctional connectivity of these regions. Using a seed-based approach, we here investigated resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) of putamen, pMFC and primary motor cortex (M1) in 60 patients with Parkinson's disease on regular medication and 72 healthy controls. We found that in patients putamen featured decreases of connectivity for a number of cortical and subcortical areas engaged in sensorimotor and cognitive processing. In contrast, the pMFC showed reduced connectivity with a more focal cortical network involved in higher-level motor-cognition. Finally, M1 featured a selective disruption of connectivity in a network specifically connected with M1. Correlating clinical impairment with connectivity changes revealed a relationship between akinesia and reduced RSFC between pMFC and left intraparietal lobule (IPL). Together, the present study demonstrated RSFC decreases in networks for motor initiation and execution in Parkinson's disease. Moreover, results suggest a relationship between pMFC-IPL decoupling and the manifestation of akinetic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Hensel
- Department of Neurology, Cologne University Hospital, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, (INM-3: Cognitive Neuroscience), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Felix Hoffstaedter
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Julian Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, (INM1: Structural and Functional Organization of the Brain), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jochen Michely
- Department of Neurology, Cologne University Hospital, Cologne, Germany.,Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christian Mathys
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Du¨sseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Heller
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Claudia R Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, (INM1: Structural and Functional Organization of the Brain), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kathrin Reetz
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Martin Südmeyer
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Department of Neurology, Center for Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Department of Neurology, Cologne University Hospital, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, (INM-3: Cognitive Neuroscience), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Alfons Schnitzler
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Department of Neurology, Center for Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Grefkes
- Department of Neurology, Cologne University Hospital, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, (INM-3: Cognitive Neuroscience), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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12
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an aging-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive motor impairment.The etiology of PD is poorly understood but likely involves both genetic and environmental factors; the management of the disease is still with symptomatic therapy without any interference on the progression of neurodegeneration. In the past two decades, the results of a series of prospective cohort studies suggested that lifestyle factors likely modify the risk of developing PD. Among these, physical activity is known to reduce the risk of a wide range of diseases and conditions, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, and diabetes.Recently, a growing body of evidence has suggested that increased physical activity may also reduce the risk of PD and partly improve motor and non-motor symptoms during the disease course.Here we report the main findings on the effect of physical activity on both mobility and cognition either in animal models of PD or in people with PD. We also highlighted the structural and functional links between gait and cognition by reporting evidence from neuroimaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bonavita
- II Clinic of Neurology, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
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13
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A meta-analytic review of prospection deficits in Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 108:34-47. [PMID: 31682884 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, and is associated with prominent motor deficits. However, neurocognitive impairment is also a common clinical feature that can contribute greatly to the overall disease burden. In the current study, a meta-analysis was conducted to gain a clearer understanding of how PD affects one of the most functionally important domains of cognition: prospection. The results indicate that, relative to controls, PD is associated with a large deficit in the capacity to engage in planning (g = -0.81, K = 25) and a moderate-sized deficit in prospective memory (g = -0.57, K = 16). Sub-analyses indicated that these deficits are evident for both time and event-based prospective memory, as well as for prospective memory tasks that have relatively limited ecological validity. Significant impairment was also evident for both medicated and non-medicated PD sub-groups, but for planning, these deficits were substantially greater in the unmedicated sub-group. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
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14
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Fallon SJ, Gowell M, Maio MR, Husain M. Dopamine affects short-term memory corruption over time in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2019; 5:16. [PMID: 31396548 PMCID: PMC6683156 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-019-0088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are a recognised component of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, particularly within the domain of short-term memory, it is unclear whether these impairments are masked, or caused, by patients' dopaminergic medication. The effect of medication on pure maintenance in PD patients has rarely been explored, with most assessments examining maintenance intercalated between other executive tasks. Moreover, few studies have utilised methods that can measure the quality of mental representations, which can enable the decomposition of recall errors into their underlying neurocognitive components. Here, we fill this gap by examining pure maintenance in PD patients in high and low dopaminergic states. Participants had to encode the orientation of two stimuli and reproduce these orientations after a short (2 s) or long (8 s) delay. In addition, we also examined the performance of healthy, age-matched older adults to contextualise these effects and determine whether PD represents an exacerbation of the normal ageing process. Patients showed improved recall OFF compared to ON their dopaminergic medication, but only for long-duration trials. Moreover, PD patients OFF their medication actually performed at a level superior to age-matched controls, indicative of a paradoxical enhancement of memory in the low dopaminergic state. The application of a probabilistic model of response selection suggested that PD patients made fewer misbinding errors in the low, compared with high, dopaminergic state for longer-delay trials. Thus, unexpectedly, the mechanisms that prevent memoranda from being corrupted by misbinding over time appear to be enhanced in PD patients OFF dopaminergic medication. Possible explanations for this paradoxical effect are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean James Fallon
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Matthew Gowell
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Raquel Maio
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Masud Husain
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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15
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van Balkom TD, Berendse HW, van der Werf YD, Twisk JWR, Zijlstra I, Hagen RH, Berk T, Vriend C, van den Heuvel OA. COGTIPS: a double-blind randomized active controlled trial protocol to study the effect of home-based, online cognitive training on cognition and brain networks in Parkinson's disease. BMC Neurol 2019; 19:179. [PMID: 31366395 PMCID: PMC6668056 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-019-1403-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive dysfunction is highly prevalent in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and a large proportion of patients eventually develops PD-related dementia. Currently, no effective treatment is available. Cognitive training is effective in relieving cognitive dysfunctions in several –neurodegenerative– diseases, and earlier small-scale trials have shown positive results for PD. In this randomized controlled trial, we assess the efficacy of online home-based cognitive training, its long-term effects, as well as the underlying neural correlates in a large group of PD patients. Methods In this double-blind randomized controlled trial we will include 140 non-demented patients with idiopathic PD that experience significant subjective cognitive complaints. Participants will be randomized into a cognitive training group and an active control group. In both groups, participants will individually perform an online home-based intervention for eight weeks, three times a week during 45 min. The cognitive training consists of thirteen games that focus on executive functions, attention and processing speed with an adaptive difficulty. The active control comprises three games that keep participants cognitively engaged without a training component. Participants will be subjected to extensive neuropsychological assessments at baseline and after the intervention, and at six months, one year and two years of follow-up. A subset of participants (40 in each treatment condition) will undergo structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging. The primary outcome of this study is the performance on the Tower of London task. Secondary outcomes are objective and subjective cognitive functioning, conversion to PD-related mild cognitive impairment or dementia, functional and structural connectivity and network topological indices measured with magnetic resonance imaging. None of the outcome measures are part of the cognitive training program. Data will be analyzed using multivariate mixed-model analyses and odds ratios. Discussion This study is a large-scale cognitive training study in PD patients that evaluates the efficacy in relieving cognitive dysfunction, and the underlying mechanisms. The strengths of this study are the large sample size, the long follow-up period and the use of neuroimaging in a large subsample. The study is expected to have a low attrition and a high compliance rate given the home-based and easily-accessible intervention in both conditions. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT02920632. Registered September 30, 2016. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12883-019-1403-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim D van Balkom
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands. .,Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Henk W Berendse
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ysbrand D van der Werf
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jos W R Twisk
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Iris Zijlstra
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rob H Hagen
- Dutch Parkinson's Disease Association, PO Box 46, Bunnik, 3980 CA, the Netherlands
| | - Tanja Berk
- Dutch Parkinson's Disease Association, PO Box 46, Bunnik, 3980 CA, the Netherlands
| | - Chris Vriend
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Odile A van den Heuvel
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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16
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Intzandt B, Beck EN, Silveira CR. The effects of exercise on cognition and gait in Parkinson’s disease: A scoping review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 95:136-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Ouerfelli-Ethier J, Elsaeid B, Desgroseilliers J, Munoz DP, Blohm G, Khan AZ. Anti-saccades predict cognitive functions in older adults and patients with Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207589. [PMID: 30485332 PMCID: PMC6261587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A major component of cognitive control is the ability to act flexibly in the environment by either behaving automatically or inhibiting an automatic behaviour. The interleaved pro/anti-saccade task measures cognitive control because the task relies on one's abilities to switch flexibly between pro and anti-saccades, and inhibit automatic saccades during anti-saccade trials. Decline in cognitive control occurs during aging or neurological illnesses such as Parkinson's disease (PD), and indicates decline in other cognitive abilities, such as memory. However, little is known about the relationship between cognitive control and other cognitive processes. Here we investigated whether anti-saccade performance can predict decision-making, visual memory, and pop-out and serial visual search performance. We tested 34 younger adults, 22 older adults, and 20 PD patients on four tasks: an interleaved pro/anti-saccade, a spatial visual memory, a decision-making and two types of visual search (pop-out and serial) tasks. Anti-saccade performance was a good predictor of decision-making and visual memory abilities for both older adults and PD patients, while it predicted visual search performance to a larger extent in PD patients. Our results thus demonstrate the suitability of the interleaved pro/anti-saccade task as a cognitive marker of cognitive control in aging and PD populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Basma Elsaeid
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie Desgroseilliers
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Douglas P. Munoz
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gunnar Blohm
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Baggio HC, Junqué C. Functional MRI in Parkinson's Disease Cognitive Impairment. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 144:29-58. [PMID: 30638456 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used to study the neural bases of cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease for several years. Traditionally, task-based fMRI has been applied to study specific cognitive functions, providing information on disease-related alterations and regarding the physiological bases of normal cognition, the dopaminergic system, and the frontostriatal circuits. More recently, functional connectivity techniques using resting-state fMRI data have been developed. Unconstrained by specific cognitive tasks, these techniques allow assessing whole-brain patterns of connectivity believed to be useful proxies for the underlying functional architecture of the brain. These methods have shown that different types of Parkinson's disease-related cognitive deficits are associated with patterns of altered connectivity within and between resting-state intrinsic connectivity networks. Although methodological standardization and the vulnerability of fMRI techniques to artifacts mandate further technical refinement, early studies provide encouraging results regarding the potential of fMRI-derived parameters for the ultimate goal of individual-subject classification.
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19
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McDonald AP, D'Arcy RCN, Song X. Functional MRI on executive functioning in aging and dementia: A scoping review of cognitive tasks. Aging Med (Milton) 2018; 1:209-219. [PMID: 31942499 PMCID: PMC6880681 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline with aging and dementia is especially poignant with regard to the executive functioning that is necessary for activities of daily independent living. The relationship between age-related neurodegeneration in the prefrontal cortex and executive functioning has been uniquely investigated using task-phase functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to detect brain activity in response to stimuli; however, a comprehensive list of task designs that have been implemented to task-phase fMRI is absent in the literature. The purpose of this review was to recognize what methods have been used to study executive functions with aging and dementia in fMRI tasks, and to describe and categorize them. The following cognitive subdomains were emphasized: cognitive flexibility, planning and decision-making, working memory, cognitive control/inhibition, semantic processing, attention and concentration, emotional functioning, and multitasking. Over 30 different task-phase fMRI designs were found to have been implemented in the literature, all adopted from standard neuropsychological assessments. Cognitive set-shifting and decision-making tasks were particularly well studied in regard to age-related neurodegeneration, while emotional functioning and multitasking designs were found to be the least utilized. Summarizing the information on which tasks have shown the greatest usability will assist in the future design and implementation of effective fMRI experiments targeting executive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. McDonald
- Health Sciences and InnovationFraser Health AuthoritySurreyBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Department of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Ryan C. N. D'Arcy
- Health Sciences and InnovationFraser Health AuthoritySurreyBritish ColumbiaCanada
- ImageTech LaboratorySimon Fraser UniversitySurreyBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Xiaowei Song
- Health Sciences and InnovationFraser Health AuthoritySurreyBritish ColumbiaCanada
- ImageTech LaboratorySimon Fraser UniversitySurreyBritish ColumbiaCanada
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20
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Apathy in individuals with Parkinson's disease associated with mild cognitive impairment. A neuropsychological investigation. Neuropsychologia 2018; 118:4-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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21
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Lanskey JH, McColgan P, Schrag AE, Acosta-Cabronero J, Rees G, Morris HR, Weil RS. Can neuroimaging predict dementia in Parkinson's disease? Brain 2018; 141:2545-2560. [PMID: 30137209 PMCID: PMC6113860 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia in Parkinson's disease affects 50% of patients within 10 years of diagnosis but there is wide variation in severity and timing. Thus, robust neuroimaging prediction of cognitive involvement in Parkinson's disease is important: (i) to identify at-risk individuals for clinical trials of potential new treatments; (ii) to provide reliable prognostic information for individuals and populations; and (iii) to shed light on the pathophysiological processes underpinning Parkinson's disease dementia. To date, neuroimaging has not made major contributions to predicting cognitive involvement in Parkinson's disease. This is perhaps unsurprising considering conventional methods rely on macroscopic measures of topographically distributed neurodegeneration, a relatively late event in Parkinson's dementia. However, new technologies are now emerging that could provide important insights through detection of other potentially relevant processes. For example, novel MRI approaches can quantify magnetic susceptibility as a surrogate for tissue iron content, and increasingly powerful mathematical approaches can characterize the topology of brain networks at the systems level. Here, we present an up-to-date overview of the growing role of neuroimaging in predicting dementia in Parkinson's disease. We discuss the most relevant findings to date, and consider the potential of emerging technologies to detect the earliest signs of cognitive involvement in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette H Lanskey
- Institute of Neurology, UCL, Queen Square, London, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter McColgan
- Huntington’s Disease Centre, UCL, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Anette E Schrag
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Free Campus UCL Institute of Neurology, UK
| | | | - Geraint Rees
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL, Queen Square, London, UK
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, UCL, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Huw R Morris
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Free Campus UCL Institute of Neurology, UK
- Department of Movement Disorders, UCL, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Rimona S Weil
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL, Queen Square, London, UK
- UCL Dementia Research Centre, Queen Square, London, UK
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22
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Vriend C, van den Heuvel OA, Berendse HW, van der Werf YD, Douw L. Global and Subnetwork Changes of the Structural Connectome in de novo Parkinson’s Disease. Neuroscience 2018; 386:295-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kim J, Zhang K, Cai W, YorkWilliams S, Ua Cruadhlaoich MAI, Llanes S, Menon V, Poston KL. Dopamine-related dissociation of cortical and subcortical brain activations in cognitively unimpaired Parkinson's disease patients OFF and ON medications. Neuropsychologia 2018; 119:24-33. [PMID: 30040957 PMCID: PMC6191343 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background: Despite dopaminergic depletion that is severe enough to cause the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD), m any patients remain cognitively unimpaired. Little is known about brain mechanism s underlying such preserved cognitive abilities and their alteration by dopaminergic medications. Objectives: We investigated brain activations underlying dopamine-related differences in cognitive function using a unique experimental design with PD patients off and on dopaminergic medications. We tested the dopamine overdose hypothesis, which posits that the excess of exogenous dopamine in the frontal cortical regions can impair cognition. Methods: We used a two-choice forced response Choice Reaction Time (CRT) task to probe cognitive processes underlying response selection and execution. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data Were acquired from 16 cognitively unimpaired (Level-II) PD participants and 15 Well-matched healthy controls (HC). We compared task performance (i.e. reaction time and accuracy) and brain activation of PD participants off dopaminergic medications (PD_OFF) in comparison with HC, and PD_OFF participants with those on dopaminergic medications (PD_ON). Results: PD_OFF and PD_ON groups did not differ from each other, or from the HC group, in reaction time or accuracy. Compared to HC, PD_OFF activated the bilateral putamen less, and this w as compensated by higher activation of the anterior insula. No such differences Were observed in the PD_ON group, Compared to HC. Compared to both HC and PD_OFF, PD_ON participants showed dopamine-related hyperactivation in the frontal cortical regions and hypoactivation in the amygdala. Conclusion: Our data provide further evidence that PD_OFF and PD_ON participants engage different cortical and subcortical systems to achieve similar levels of cognitive performance as HC. Crucially, our findings demonstrate dopamine-related dissociation in brain activation between cortical and subcortical regions, and provide novel support for the dopamine overdose hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeehyun Kim
- Stanford University Medical Center, Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Stanford University Medical Center, Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Weidong Cai
- Stanford University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sophie YorkWilliams
- Stanford University Medical Center, Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Matthew A I Ua Cruadhlaoich
- Stanford University Medical Center, Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Seoni Llanes
- Stanford University Medical Center, Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vinod Menon
- Stanford University Medical Center, Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kathleen L Poston
- Stanford University Medical Center, Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford University Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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24
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Han K, Chapman SB, Krawczyk DC. Neuroplasticity of cognitive control networks following cognitive training for chronic traumatic brain injury. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 18:262-278. [PMID: 29876247 PMCID: PMC5987796 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive control is the ability to coordinate thoughts and actions to achieve goals. Cognitive control impairments are one of the most persistent and devastating sequalae of traumatic brain injuries (TBI). There have been efforts to improve cognitive control in individuals with post-acute TBI. Several studies have reported changes in neuropsychological measures suggesting the efficacy of cognitive training in improving cognitive control. Yet, the neural substrates of improved cognitive control after training remains poorly understood. In the current study, we identified neural plasticity induced by cognitive control training for TBI using resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC). Fifty-six individuals with chronic mild TBI (9 years post-injury on average) were randomized into either a strategy-based cognitive training group (N = 26) or a knowledge-based training group (active control condition; N = 30) for 8 weeks. We acquired a total of 109 resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging from 45 individuals before training, immediately post-training, and 3 months post-training. Relative to the controls, the strategy-based cognitive training group showed monotonic increases in connectivity in two cognitive control networks (i.e., cingulo-opercular and fronto-parietal networks) across time points in multiple brain regions (pvoxel < 0.001, pcluster < 0.05). Analyses of brain-behavior relationships revealed that fronto-parietal network connectivity over three time points within the strategy-based cognitive training group was positively associated with the trail making scores (pvoxel < 0.001, pcluster < 0.05). These findings suggest that training-induced neuroplasticity continues through chronic phases of TBI and that rsFC can serve as a neuroimaging biomarker of evaluating the efficacy of cognitive training for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kihwan Han
- Center for BrainHealth®, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Sandra B Chapman
- Center for BrainHealth®, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Daniel C Krawczyk
- Center for BrainHealth®, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Buard I, Sciacca DM, Martin CS, Rogers S, Sillau SH, Greher MR, Chen R, Kluger BM. Transcranial magnetic stimulation does not improve mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2017; 33:489-491. [PMID: 29178298 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Buard
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David M Sciacca
- Department of Neuroscience, Regis University, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Christine S Martin
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sarah Rogers
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Stefan H Sillau
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael R Greher
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Robert Chen
- Krembil Research Institute and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Benzi M Kluger
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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26
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Seip-Cammack KM, Young JJ, Young ME, Shapiro ML. Partial lesion of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway in rats impairs egocentric learning but not spatial learning or behavioral flexibility. Behav Neurosci 2017; 131:135-142. [PMID: 28221082 DOI: 10.1037/bne0000189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in Parkinson's disease (PD) causes motor dysfunction and cognitive impairment, but the etiology of the cognitive deficits remains unclear. The present study investigated the behavioral effects of partial lesions of the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) pathway. Rats received bilateral infusions of either 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or vehicle into the dorsolateral striatum and were tested in spatial and procedural learning tasks. Compared with intact rats, DA-depleted rats were impaired when the first task they learned required egocentric responses. Intact rats that received prior training on a spatial task were impaired while learning a subsequent body-turn task, suggesting that prior spatial training may compete with egocentric learning in intact but not DA-depleted rats. Spatial discrimination, reversal learning, and switching between allocentric and egocentric strategies were similar in both groups. The results suggest that DA loss that is not associated with gross motor pathology temporarily impairs egocentric, but not allocentric, learning or subsequent behavioral flexibility. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James J Young
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Megan E Young
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
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27
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Koshimori Y, Cho SS, Criaud M, Christopher L, Jacobs M, Ghadery C, Coakeley S, Harris M, Mizrahi R, Hamani C, Lang AE, Houle S, Strafella AP. Disrupted Nodal and Hub Organization Account for Brain Network Abnormalities in Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:259. [PMID: 27891090 PMCID: PMC5102897 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent application of graph theory to brain networks promises to shed light on complex diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study aimed to investigate functional changes in sensorimotor and cognitive networks in Parkinsonian patients, with a focus on inter- and intra-connectivity organization in the disease-associated nodal and hub regions using the graph theoretical analyses. Resting-state functional MRI data of a total of 65 participants, including 23 healthy controls (HCs) and 42 patients, were investigated in 120 nodes for local efficiency, betweenness centrality, and degree. Hub regions were identified in the HC and patient groups. We found nodal and hub changes in patients compared with HCs, including the right pre-supplementary motor area (SMA), left anterior insula, bilateral mid-insula, bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and right caudate nucleus. In general, nodal regions within the sensorimotor network (i.e., right pre-SMA and right mid-insula) displayed weakened connectivity, with the former node associated with more severe bradykinesia, and impaired integration with default mode network regions. The left mid-insula also lost its hub properties in patients. Within the executive networks, the left anterior insular cortex lost its hub properties in patients, while a new hub region was identified in the right caudate nucleus, paralleled by an increased level of inter- and intra-connectivity in the bilateral DLPFC possibly representing compensatory mechanisms. These findings highlight the diffuse changes in nodal organization and regional hub disruption accounting for the distributed abnormalities across brain networks and the clinical manifestations of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Koshimori
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, TorontoON, Canada; Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour - Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, TorontoON, Canada
| | - Sang-Soo Cho
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, TorontoON, Canada; Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour - Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, TorontoON, Canada
| | - Marion Criaud
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, TorontoON, Canada; Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour - Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, TorontoON, Canada
| | - Leigh Christopher
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, TorontoON, Canada; Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour - Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, TorontoON, Canada
| | - Mark Jacobs
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, TorontoON, Canada; Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour - Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, TorontoON, Canada
| | - Christine Ghadery
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, TorontoON, Canada; Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour - Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, TorontoON, Canada
| | - Sarah Coakeley
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, TorontoON, Canada; Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour - Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, TorontoON, Canada
| | - Madeleine Harris
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
| | - Romina Mizrahi
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
| | - Clement Hamani
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
| | - Anthony E Lang
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit & E. J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Neurology Division, Department of Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
| | - Antonio P Strafella
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, TorontoON, Canada; Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour - Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, TorontoON, Canada; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit & E. J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Neurology Division, Department of Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, TorontoON, Canada
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) demonstrate increased susceptibility to interfering effects of anxiety on cognitive control; although under certain conditions adults with MDD are able to compensate for these effects. The brain mechanisms that may facilitate the ability to compensate for anxiety either via the recruitment of additional cognitive resources or via the regulation of interference from anxiety remain largely unknown. To clarify these mechanisms, we examined the effects of anxiety on brain activity and amygdala-prefrontal functional connectivity in adults diagnosed with MDD. METHOD A total of 22 unmedicated adults with MDD and 18 healthy controls (HCs) performed the Tower of London task under conditions designed to induce anxiety, while undergoing a functional magnetic resonance imaging assessment. RESULTS During the easy condition, the MDD group demonstrated equivalent planning accuracy, longer planning times, elevated amygdala activity and left rostrolateral prefrontal cortex (RLPFC) hyperactivity relative to HCs. Anxiety mediated observed group differences in planning times, as well as differences in amygdala activation, which subsequently mediated observed differences in RLPFC activation. During the easy condition, the MDD group also demonstrated increased negative amygdala-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) connectivity which correlated with improved planning accuracy. During the hard condition, HCs demonstrated greater DLPFC activation and stronger negative amygdala-DLPFC connectivity, which was unrelated to planning accuracy. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that persons with MDD compensate for anxiety-related limbic activation during low-load cognitive tasks by recruiting additional RLPFC activation and through increased inhibitory amygdala-DLPFC communication. Targeting these neural mechanisms directly may improve cognitive functioning in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil P. Jones
- Corresponding Author: Neil P. Jones, Address:
Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic; 3811 O'Hara St.; Pittsburgh PA
15216, USA, , Phone: 412.383.5431, Fax:
412.383.5426
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Lima LO, Cardoso F, Teixeira-Salmela LF, Rodrigues-de-Paula F. Work and power reduced in L-dopa naïve patients in the early-stages of Parkinson’s disease. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2016; 74:287-92. [DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20160014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Studies which have investigated muscular performance during the initial stages of Parkinson´s disease (PD) without L-dopa treatments were not found. Objective to assess whether muscular performance, work and power, of the trunk and lower limbs in L-dopa naïve patients in the early stages of PD was lower than those of healthy subjects and to compare muscular performance between the lower limbs. Method Ten subjects with PD, Hoehn and Yahr (HY) I-II, L-dopa naïve and 10 subjects in the control group were assessed with the isokinetic dynamometer. Results ANOVAs revealed that work and power measures of the trunk, hip, knee, and ankle muscular groups were lower in PD compared with the control group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in muscular performance between the lower limbs. Conclusion The results suggested the use of specific exercises, as rehabilitation strategies, to improve the ability to produce work and power with this population.
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