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Vandervert L, Manto M, Adamaszek M, Ferrari C, Ciricugno A, Cattaneo Z. The Evolution of the Optimization of Cognitive and Social Functions in the Cerebellum and Thereby the Rise of Homo sapiens Through Cumulative Culture. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024:10.1007/s12311-024-01692-z. [PMID: 38676835 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-024-01692-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The evolution of the prominent role of the cerebellum in the development of composite tools, and cumulative culture, leading to the rise of Homo sapiens is examined. Following Stout and Hecht's (2017) detailed description of stone-tool making, eight key repetitive involvements of the cerebellum are highlighted. These key cerebellar learning involvements include the following: (1) optimization of cognitive-social control, (2) prediction (3) focus of attention, (4) automaticity of smoothness, appropriateness, and speed of movement and cognition, (5) refined movement and social cognition, (6) learns models of extended practice, (7) learns models of Theory of Mind (ToM) of teachers, (8) is predominant in acquisition of novel behavior and cognition that accrues from the blending of cerebellar models sent to conscious working memory in the cerebral cortex. Within this context, the evolution of generalization and blending of cerebellar internal models toward optimization of social-cognitive learning is described. It is concluded that (1) repetition of movement and social cognition involving the optimization of internal models in the cerebellum during stone-tool making was the key selection factor toward social-cognitive and technological advancement, (2) observational learning during stone-tool making was the basis for both technological and social-cognitive evolution and, through an optimizing positive feedback loop between the cerebellum and cerebral cortex, the development of cumulative culture occurred, and (3) the generalization and blending of cerebellar internal models related to the unconscious forward control of the optimization of imagined future states in working memory was the most important brain adaptation leading to intertwined advances in stone-tool technology, cognitive-social processes behind cumulative culture (including the emergence of language and art) and, thereby, with the rise of Homo sapiens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario Manto
- Cerebellar Ataxias Unit, CHU-Charleroi, Charleroi, 6000, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Michael Adamaszek
- Department of Clinical and Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Bavaria Hospital, Kreischa, Germany
| | - Chiara Ferrari
- Department of Humanities, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciricugno
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Zaira Cattaneo
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Milan, Italy
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Wang R, Lu X, Jiang Y. Distributed and hierarchical neural encoding of multidimensional biological motion attributes in the human brain. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:8510-8522. [PMID: 37118887 PMCID: PMC10786095 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The human visual system can efficiently extract distinct physical, biological, and social attributes (e.g. facing direction, gender, and emotional state) from biological motion (BM), but how these attributes are encoded in the brain remains largely unknown. In the current study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate this issue when participants viewed multidimensional BM stimuli. Using multiple regression representational similarity analysis, we identified distributed brain areas, respectively, related to the processing of facing direction, gender, and emotional state conveyed by BM. These brain areas are governed by a hierarchical structure in which the respective neural encoding of facing direction, gender, and emotional state is modulated by each other in descending order. We further revealed that a portion of the brain areas identified in representational similarity analysis was specific to the neural encoding of each attribute and correlated with the corresponding behavioral results. These findings unravel the brain networks for encoding BM attributes in consideration of their interactions, and highlight that the processing of multidimensional BM attributes is recurrently interactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruidi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, 26 Science Park Road, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiqian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, 26 Science Park Road, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, 26 Science Park Road, Beijing 102206, China
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Zhou X, Li Y, Sun Z, Mu L, Ma Y. Elevated red blood cell distribution width levels predict depression after intracerebral hemorrhage: A 3-month follow-up study. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1077518. [PMID: 37090985 PMCID: PMC10113641 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1077518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesInflammation vitally impacts the progression of depression resulting from intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), while red blood cell distribution width (RDW) marks inflammatory-related diseases. The present study aimed at evaluating how RDW affects depression after ICH.MethodsFrom prospective analyses of patients admitted to our department between January 2017 and September 2022, ICH patients with complete medical records were evaluated. The 17-item Hamilton Depression (HAMD-17) scale was used for measuring the depressive symptoms at 3 months after ICH. Diagnosis of post-ICH depression was conducted for patients based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V) criteria.ResultsA total of 438 patients were enrolled in the study, out of which 93 (21.23%) patients had PSD at the 3-month follow-up. Accordingly, patients with depression had higher RDW levels (13.70 [IQR: 13.56–13.89] vs.13.45 [IQR: 12.64–13.75], p < 0.001) at admission compared with those without depression. In multivariate analyses, RDW was used for independently predicting the depression after ICH at 3 months (OR: 2.832 [95% CI: 1.748–4.587], p < 0.001). After adjusting the underlying confounding factors, the odds ratio (OR) of depression after ICH was 4.225 (95% CI: 1.686–10.586, p = 0.002) for the highest tertile of RDW relative to the lowest tertile. With an AUC of 0.703 (95% CI: 0.649–0.757), RDW demonstrated a significantly better discriminatory ability relative to CRP and WBC. RDW as an indicator for predicting depression after ICH had an optimal cutoff value of 13.68, and the sensitivity and specificity were 63.4% and 64.6%, respectively.ConclusionsElevated RDW level predicted post-ICH depression at 3 months, confirming RDW as an effective inflammatory marker for predicting depression after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianping Zhou
- Department of Laboratory, Bozhou Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Bozhou, China
| | - Yaqiang Li
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Lixin County, Bozhou, China
| | - Zhongbo Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology (First People's Hospital of Huainan), Huainan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongbo Sun
| | - Li Mu
- Department of Laboratory, Bozhou Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Bozhou, China
| | - Yaoyao Ma
- Department of Laboratory, Bozhou Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Bozhou, China
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Zhu L, Yu C, Chang Y, Sun S, Sun Z. Serum Cystatin C is Associated with Depression After Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:1117-1126. [PMID: 37188225 PMCID: PMC10178993 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s409421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cystatins are associated with neuronal degeneration and nervous system healing. Cystatin C (Cys C) has recently been linked to brain injury and immunological inflammation. This study aimed to determine the relationship between serum Cys C levels and depression following intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Patients and Methods Between September 2020 and December 2022, 337 patients with ICH were sequentially recruited and followed up for three months. The post-stroke depression (PSD) and non-PSD groups were separated based on the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD). The PSD diagnosis was established based on the DSM-IV criteria. Cys-C levels were documented within twenty-four hours of admission. Results Three months after ICH, 93 (27.6%) of 337 enrolled patients were diagnosed with depression. The Cys C levels were significantly higher in depressed patients than in nondepressed patients after ICH (1.32 vs 1.01; p<0.001). After adjusting for potential confounding variables, depression after ICH was associated with the highest quartile of Cys C levels (odds ratio (OR) = 3.195, 95% CI: 1.562-6.536; p=0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve predicted that the ideal cut-off for CysC levels as a predictor of depression after ICH would be 0.730, resulting in 84.5% sensitivity and 88.4% specificity, with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.880 (95% CI: 0.843-0.917; p< 0.0001). Conclusion Increased CysC concentrations were independently related to depression three months after ICH, highlighting that CysC levels at admission may be a potential biomarker for predicting the onset of depression following ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, First People’s Hospital of Huainan, Huainan, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanqing Yu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, First People’s Hospital of Huainan, Huainan, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yueyue Chang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, First People’s Hospital of Huainan, Huainan, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Sun
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, First People’s Hospital of Huainan, Huainan, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongwu Sun
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhongwu Sun, Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Gündem D, Potočnik J, De Winter FL, El Kaddouri A, Stam D, Peeters R, Emsell L, Sunaert S, Van Oudenhove L, Vandenbulcke M, Feldman Barrett L, Van den Stock J. The neurobiological basis of affect is consistent with psychological construction theory and shares a common neural basis across emotional categories. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1354. [PMID: 36494449 PMCID: PMC9734184 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04324-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Affective experience colours everyday perception and cognition, yet its fundamental and neurobiological basis is poorly understood. The current debate essentially centers around the communalities and specificities across individuals, events, and emotional categories like anger, sadness, and happiness. Using fMRI during the experience of these emotions, we critically compare the two dominant conflicting theories on human affect. Basic emotion theory posits emotions as discrete universal entities generated by dedicated emotion category-specific neural circuits, while psychological construction theory claims emotional events as unique, idiosyncratic, and constructed by psychological primitives like core affect and conceptualization, which underlie each emotional event and operate in a predictive framework. Based on the findings of 8 a priori-defined model-specific prediction tests on the neural response amplitudes and patterns, we conclude that the neurobiological basis of affect is primarily characterized by idiosyncratic mechanisms and a common neural basis shared across emotion categories, consistent with psychological construction theory. The findings provide further insight into the organizational principles of the neural basis of affect and brain function in general. Future studies in clinical populations with affective symptoms may reveal the corresponding underlying neural changes from a psychological construction perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doğa Gündem
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jure Potočnik
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - François-Laurent De Winter
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amal El Kaddouri
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daphne Stam
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ronald Peeters
- grid.410569.f0000 0004 0626 3338Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Louise Emsell
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.410569.f0000 0004 0626 3338Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Sunaert
- grid.410569.f0000 0004 0626 3338Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lukas Van Oudenhove
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory for Brain-Gut Axis Studies (LaBGAS), Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.254880.30000 0001 2179 2404Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
| | - Mathieu Vandenbulcke
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisa Feldman Barrett
- grid.261112.70000 0001 2173 3359Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA USA
| | - Jan Van den Stock
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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6
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Eicher M, Jokeit H. Toward social neuropsychology of epilepsy: a meta-analysis on social cognition in epilepsy phenotypes and a critical narrative review on assessment methods. ACTA EPILEPTOLOGICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s42494-022-00093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The aim of this review is to (a) characterize social cognition impairments in the domains of emotion recognition (ER) and theory of mind (ToM) in patients with epilepsy and (b) to review assessment tools with a focus on their validity and usability in clinical practice.
Methods
An electronic search for clinical studies investigating social cognition in epilepsy populations vs healthy control subjects (HC) yielded 53 studies for the meta-analysis and descriptive review.
Results
Results suggest that (1) social cognition is significantly impaired in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) and patients with epilepsy not originating within the temporal or frontal lobes including idiopathic generalized epilepsies (eTLE/eFLE); (2) there is no significant difference between eTLE/eFLE and TLE regarding ER, while TLE and FLE patients perform worse than those with eTLE/eFLE, without significant differences between FLE and TLE regarding ToM ability. A descriptive analysis of the most commonly used assessment tools and stimulus material in this field revealed a lack of ecological validity, usability, and economic viability for everyday clinical practice.
Conclusions
Our meta-analysis shows that patients with epilepsy are at a significantly increased risk of deficits in social cognition. However, the underlying multifactorial mechanisms remain unclear. Future research should therefore specifically address the impairment of processing and methodological problems of testing.
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Pavlova MA, Romagnano V, Kubon J, Isernia S, Fallgatter AJ, Sokolov AN. Ties between reading faces, bodies, eyes, and autistic traits. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:997263. [PMID: 36248653 PMCID: PMC9554539 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.997263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
While reading covered with masks faces during the COVID-19 pandemic, for efficient social interaction, we need to combine information from different sources such as the eyes (without faces hidden by masks) and bodies. This may be challenging for individuals with neuropsychiatric conditions, in particular, autism spectrum disorders. Here we examined whether reading of dynamic faces, bodies, and eyes are tied in a gender-specific way, and how these capabilities are related to autistic traits expression. Females and males accomplished a task with point-light faces along with a task with point-light body locomotion portraying different emotional expressions. They had to infer emotional content of displays. In addition, participants were administered the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, modified and Autism Spectrum Quotient questionnaire. The findings show that only in females, inferring emotions from dynamic bodies and faces are firmly linked, whereas in males, reading in the eyes is knotted with face reading. Strikingly, in neurotypical males only, accuracy of face, body, and eyes reading was negatively tied with autistic traits. The outcome points to gender-specific modes in social cognition: females rely upon merely dynamic cues while reading faces and bodies, whereas males most likely trust configural information. The findings are of value for examination of face and body language reading in neuropsychiatric conditions, in particular, autism, most of which are gender/sex-specific. This work suggests that if male individuals with autistic traits experience difficulties in reading covered with masks faces, these deficits may be unlikely compensated by reading (even dynamic) bodies and faces. By contrast, in females, reading covered faces as well as reading language of dynamic bodies and faces are not compulsorily connected to autistic traits preventing them from paying high costs for maladaptive social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A. Pavlova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Marina A. Pavlova,
| | - Valentina Romagnano
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julian Kubon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sara Isernia
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan, Italy
| | - Andreas J. Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander N. Sokolov
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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8
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Wong JJ, Wong NML, Chang DHF, Qi D, Chen L, Lee TMC. Amygdala-pons connectivity is hyperactive and associated with symptom severity in depression. Commun Biol 2022; 5:574. [PMID: 35688901 PMCID: PMC9187701 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the neural underpinnings of processing sad information and how it differs in people with depression could elucidate the neural mechanisms perpetuating sad mood in depression. Here, we conduct a 7 T fMRI study to delineate the neural correlates involved only in processing sad information, including pons, amygdala, and corticolimbic regions. We then conduct a 3 T fMRI study to examine the resting-state connectivity in another sample of people with and without depression. Only clinically depressed people demonstrate hyperactive amygdala–pons connectivity. Furthermore, this connectivity is related to depression symptom severity and is a significant indicator of depression. We speculate that visual sad information reinforces depressed mood and stimulates the pons, strengthening the amygdala–pons connectivity. The relationship between this connectivity and depressive symptom severity suggests that guiding one’s visual attention and processing of sad information may benefit mood regulation. A study on patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) suggests that a specific sadness-processing connection between the amygdala and pons appears to be dysfunctional among people with MDD and associated with severity of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jun Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nichol M L Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dorita H F Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Di Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Tatia M C Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Hong Kong, China.
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Features and Extra-Striate Body Area Representations of Diagnostic Body Parts in Anger and Fear Perception. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12040466. [PMID: 35447997 PMCID: PMC9028525 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12040466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Social species perceive emotion via extracting diagnostic features of body movements. Although extensive studies have contributed to knowledge on how the entire body is used as context for decoding bodily expression, we know little about whether specific body parts (e.g., arms and legs) transmit enough information for body understanding. In this study, we performed behavioral experiments using the Bubbles paradigm on static body images to directly explore diagnostic body parts for categorizing angry, fearful and neutral expressions. Results showed that subjects recognized emotional bodies through diagnostic features from the torso with arms. We then conducted a follow-up functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment on body part images to examine whether diagnostic parts modulated body-related brain activity and corresponding neural representations. We found greater activations of the extra-striate body area (EBA) in response to both anger and fear than neutral for the torso and arms. Representational similarity analysis showed that neural patterns of the EBA distinguished different bodily expressions. Furthermore, the torso with arms and whole body had higher similarities in EBA representations relative to the legs and whole body, and to the head and whole body. Taken together, these results indicate that diagnostic body parts (i.e., torso with arms) can communicate bodily expression in a detectable manner.
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Ferrari C, Ciricugno A, Urgesi C, Cattaneo Z. Cerebellar contribution to emotional body language perception: a TMS study. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2022; 17:81-90. [PMID: 31588511 PMCID: PMC8824541 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsz074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Consistent evidence suggests that the cerebellum contributes to the processing of emotional facial expressions. However, it is not yet known whether the cerebellum is recruited when emotions are expressed by body postures or movements, or whether it is recruited differently for positive and negative emotions. In this study, we asked healthy participants to discriminate between body postures (with masked face) expressing emotions of opposite valence (happiness vs anger, Experiment 1), or of the same valence (negative: anger vs sadness; positive: happiness vs surprise, Experiment 2). While performing the task, participants received online transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over a region of the posterior left cerebellum and over two control sites (early visual cortex and vertex). We found that TMS over the cerebellum affected participants' ability to discriminate emotional body postures, but only when one of the emotions was negatively valenced (i.e. anger). These findings suggest that the cerebellar region we stimulated is involved in processing the emotional content conveyed by body postures and gestures. Our findings complement prior evidence on the role of the cerebellum in emotional face processing and have important implications from a clinical perspective, where non-invasive cerebellar stimulation is a promising tool for the treatment of motor, cognitive and affective deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ferrari
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano–Bicocca, Milan 20126, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciricugno
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Cosimo Urgesi
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society University of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Neuropsychiatry and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Bosisio Parini, Lecco 23900, Italy
| | - Zaira Cattaneo
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano–Bicocca, Milan 20126, Italy
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia 27100, Italy
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11
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Topography of Emotions in Cerebellum as Appraised by Functional Imaging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1378:77-86. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-99550-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Cerebellar Contribution to Emotional Body Language Perception. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1378:141-153. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-99550-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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13
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Bieńkiewicz MMN, Smykovskyi AP, Olugbade T, Janaqi S, Camurri A, Bianchi-Berthouze N, Björkman M, Bardy BG. Bridging the gap between emotion and joint action. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:806-833. [PMID: 34418437 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Our daily human life is filled with a myriad of joint action moments, be it children playing, adults working together (i.e., team sports), or strangers navigating through a crowd. Joint action brings individuals (and embodiment of their emotions) together, in space and in time. Yet little is known about how individual emotions propagate through embodied presence in a group, and how joint action changes individual emotion. In fact, the multi-agent component is largely missing from neuroscience-based approaches to emotion, and reversely joint action research has not found a way yet to include emotion as one of the key parameters to model socio-motor interaction. In this review, we first identify the gap and then stockpile evidence showing strong entanglement between emotion and acting together from various branches of sciences. We propose an integrative approach to bridge the gap, highlight five research avenues to do so in behavioral neuroscience and digital sciences, and address some of the key challenges in the area faced by modern societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta M N Bieńkiewicz
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ. Montpellier IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France.
| | - Andrii P Smykovskyi
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ. Montpellier IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Stefan Janaqi
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ. Montpellier IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | - Benoît G Bardy
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ. Montpellier IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France.
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14
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Wang Q, Wang Y, Wang P, Peng M, Zhang M, Zhu Y, Wei S, Chen C, Chen X, Luo S, Bai X. Neural representations of the amount and the delay time of reward in intertemporal decision making. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:3450-3469. [PMID: 33934449 PMCID: PMC8249888 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have examined the neural substrates of intertemporal decision-making, but few have systematically investigated separate neural representations of the two attributes of future rewards (i.e., the amount of the reward and the delay time). More importantly, no study has used the novel analytical method of representational connectivity analysis (RCA) to map the two dimensions' functional brain networks at the level of multivariate neural representations. This study independently manipulated the amount and delay time of rewards during an intertemporal decision task. Both univariate and multivariate pattern analyses showed that brain activity in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) and lateral frontal pole cortex (LFPC) was modulated by the amount of rewards, whereas brain activity in the DMPFC and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was modulated by the length of delay. Moreover, representational similarity analysis (RSA) revealed that even for the regions of the DMPFC that overlapped between the two dimensions, they manifested distinct neural activity patterns. In terms of individual differences, those with large delay discounting rates (k) showed greater DMPFC and LFPC activity as the amount of rewards increased but showed lower DMPFC and DLPFC activity as the delay time increased. Lastly, RCA suggested that the topological metrics (i.e., global and local efficiency) of the functional connectome subserving the delay time dimension inversely predicted individual discounting rate. These findings provide novel insights into neural representations of the two attributes in intertemporal decisions, and offer a new approach to construct task-based functional brain networks whose topological properties are related to impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.,Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Social Science Laboratory of Students' Mental Development and Learning, Tianjin, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Pinchun Wang
- Faculty of Education, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Maomiao Peng
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Manman Zhang
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.,Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Social Science Laboratory of Students' Mental Development and Learning, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhu
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiyu Wei
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuansheng Chen
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Xiongying Chen
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xuejun Bai
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.,Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Social Science Laboratory of Students' Mental Development and Learning, Tianjin, China
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15
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Sorella S, Grecucci A, Piretti L, Job R. Do anger perception and the experience of anger share common neural mechanisms? Coordinate-based meta-analytic evidence of similar and different mechanisms from functional neuroimaging studies. Neuroimage 2021; 230:117777. [PMID: 33503484 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural bases of anger are still a matter of debate. In particular we do not know whether anger perception and anger experience rely on similar or different neural mechanisms. To study this topic, we performed activation-likelihood-estimation meta-analyses of human neuroimaging studies on 61 previous studies on anger perception and experience. Anger perception analysis resulted in significant activation in the amygdala, the right superior temporal gyrus, the right fusiform gyrus and the right IFG, thus revealing the role of perceptual temporal areas for perceiving angry stimuli. Anger experience analysis resulted in the bilateral activations of the insula and the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, thus revealing a role for these areas in the subjective experience of anger and, possibly, in a subsequent evaluation of the situation. Conjunction analyses revealed a common area localized in the right inferior frontal gyrus, probably involved in the conceptualization of anger for both perception and experience. Altogether these results provide new insights on the functional architecture underlying the neural processing of anger that involves separate and joint mechanisms. According to our tentative model, angry stimuli are processed by temporal areas, such as the superior temporal gyrus, the fusiform gyrus and the amygdala; on the other hand, the subjective experience of anger mainly relies on the anterior insula; finally, this pattern of activations converges in the right IFG. This region seems to play a key role in the elaboration of a general meaning of this emotion, when anger is perceived or experienced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sorella
- Clinical and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences (DiPSCo), University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Grecucci
- Clinical and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences (DiPSCo), University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Luca Piretti
- Clinical and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences (DiPSCo), University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Remo Job
- Clinical and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences (DiPSCo), University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
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16
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López-Espuela F, Roncero-Martín R, Canal-Macías MDLL, Moran JM, Vera V, Gomez-Luque A, Lendinez-Mesa A, Pedrera-Zamorano JD, Casado-Naranjo I, Lavado-García J. Depressed Mood after Stroke: Predictive Factors at Six Months Follow-Up. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249542. [PMID: 33419273 PMCID: PMC7766010 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to know the prevalence of post-stroke depression (PSD) in our context, identify the variables that could predict post-stroke depression, by using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, occurring within six months after stroke, and identify patients at high risk for PSD. Methods: descriptive, cross-sectional and observational study. We included 173 patients with stroke (transient ischemic attack (TIA) included) and collected sociodemographic and clinical variables. We used the Hamilton Depression Scale (HDS) for depression assessment and Barthel Index and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) for functional assessment. The neurological severity was evaluated by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Results: 35.5% were women, aged 71.16 (±12.3). Depression was present in 42.2% patients (n = 73) at six months after stroke. The following variables were significantly associated with PSD: diagnosis of previous depression (p = 0.005), the modified Rankin Scale at discharge (p = 0.032) and length of hospital stay (p = 0.012). Conclusion: PSD is highly prevalent after stroke and is associated with the severity, left location of the stroke, and the degree of disability at discharge. Its impact justifies the evaluation and early treatment that still continues to be a challenge today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidel López-Espuela
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing Department, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (F.L.-E.); (R.R.-M.); (J.M.M.); (A.G.-L.); (J.D.P.-Z.); (J.L.-G.)
| | - Raúl Roncero-Martín
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing Department, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (F.L.-E.); (R.R.-M.); (J.M.M.); (A.G.-L.); (J.D.P.-Z.); (J.L.-G.)
| | - Maria de la Luz Canal-Macías
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing Department, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (F.L.-E.); (R.R.-M.); (J.M.M.); (A.G.-L.); (J.D.P.-Z.); (J.L.-G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-927257450
| | - Jose M. Moran
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing Department, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (F.L.-E.); (R.R.-M.); (J.M.M.); (A.G.-L.); (J.D.P.-Z.); (J.L.-G.)
| | - Vicente Vera
- Department of Stomatology II, School of Dentistry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Adela Gomez-Luque
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing Department, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (F.L.-E.); (R.R.-M.); (J.M.M.); (A.G.-L.); (J.D.P.-Z.); (J.L.-G.)
| | - Alejandro Lendinez-Mesa
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alfonso X el Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Juan Diego Pedrera-Zamorano
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing Department, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (F.L.-E.); (R.R.-M.); (J.M.M.); (A.G.-L.); (J.D.P.-Z.); (J.L.-G.)
| | | | - Jesus Lavado-García
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing Department, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (F.L.-E.); (R.R.-M.); (J.M.M.); (A.G.-L.); (J.D.P.-Z.); (J.L.-G.)
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17
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Yun HS, Bae SM. Influence of Health Status, Cognitive Function, and Social Capital on Depressive Symptoms in Korean Older Adults. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2020; 58:24-31. [PMID: 32845338 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20200817-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The current study explored the influence of health status, cognitive function, and social capital on depressive symptoms in Korean older adults. Data from the National Survey of Older Koreans, conducted by the Korean Institute for Health and Social Affairs in 2017, were used. Social capital was measured by dividing it into structural and cognitive social capital. Final analysis included 6,100 individuals aged ≥65 years (mean age = 72.6, SD = 5.8 years; 3,466 males [56.8%], 2,634 females [43.2%]). Multiple hierarchical regression analysis indicated that age, income, economic activity status, religion, household type, self-rated health, apoplexy (e.g., stroke, cerebral infarction), cognitive function, structural social capital, and cognitive social capital were significant predictors of depressive symptoms in older adults. This study suggests that researchers and clinicians should consider the factors associated with self-rated health, cognitive social capital, and economic status (income and economic activity) to prevent or alleviate depressive symptoms in older adults. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 58(10), 24-31.].
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18
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Huang YA, Dupont P, Van de Vliet L, Jastorff J, Peeters R, Theys T, van Loon J, Van Paesschen W, Van den Stock J, Vandenbulcke M. Network level characteristics in the emotion recognition network after unilateral temporal lobe surgery. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:3470-3484. [PMID: 32618060 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The human amygdala is considered a key region for successful emotion recognition. We recently reported that temporal lobe surgery (TLS), including resection of the amygdala, does not affect emotion recognition performance (Journal of Neuroscience, 2018, 38, 9263). In the present study, we investigate the neural basis of this preserved function at the network level. We use generalized psychophysiological interaction and graph theory indices to investigate network level characteristics of the emotion recognition network in TLS patients and healthy controls. Based on conflicting emotion processing theories, we anticipated two possible outcomes: a substantial increase of the non-amygdalar connections of the emotion recognition network to compensate functionally for the loss of the amygdala, in line with basic emotion theory versus only minor changes in network level properties as predicted by psychological construction theory. We defined the emotion recognition network in the total sample and investigated group differences on five network level indices (i.e. characteristic path length, global efficiency, clustering coefficient, local efficiency and small-worldness). The results did not reveal a significant increase in the left or right temporal lobectomy group (compared to the control group) in any of the graph measures, indicating that preserved behavioural emotion recognition in TLS is not associated with a massive connectivity increase between non-amygdalar nodes at network level. We conclude that the emotion recognition network is robust and functionally able to compensate for structural damage without substantial global reorganization, in line with a psychological construction theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-An Huang
- Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Dupont
- Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Van de Vliet
- Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Jastorff
- Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ron Peeters
- Department of Imaging & Pathology, Radiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Theys
- Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johannes van Loon
- Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Paesschen
- Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Experimental Neurology, Laboratory for Epilepsy Research, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Van den Stock
- Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vandenbulcke
- Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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19
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Arias JA, Williams C, Raghvani R, Aghajani M, Baez S, Belzung C, Booij L, Busatto G, Chiarella J, Fu CH, Ibanez A, Liddell BJ, Lowe L, Penninx BWJH, Rosa P, Kemp AH. The neuroscience of sadness: A multidisciplinary synthesis and collaborative review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 111:199-228. [PMID: 32001274 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sadness is typically characterized by raised inner eyebrows, lowered corners of the mouth, reduced walking speed, and slumped posture. Ancient subcortical circuitry provides a neuroanatomical foundation, extending from dorsal periaqueductal grey to subgenual anterior cingulate, the latter of which is now a treatment target in disorders of sadness. Electrophysiological studies further emphasize a role for reduced left relative to right frontal asymmetry in sadness, underpinning interest in the transcranial stimulation of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as an antidepressant target. Neuroimaging studies - including meta-analyses - indicate that sadness is associated with reduced cortical activation, which may contribute to reduced parasympathetic inhibitory control over medullary cardioacceleratory circuits. Reduced cardiac control may - in part - contribute to epidemiological reports of reduced life expectancy in affective disorders, effects equivalent to heavy smoking. We suggest that the field may be moving toward a theoretical consensus, in which different models relating to basic emotion theory and psychological constructionism may be considered as complementary, working at different levels of the phylogenetic hierarchy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Arias
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, United Kingdom; Department of Statistics, Mathematical Analysis, and Operational Research, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Claire Williams
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, United Kingdom
| | - Rashmi Raghvani
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, United Kingdom
| | - Moji Aghajani
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, GGZ InGeest Research & Innovation, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Linda Booij
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University Montreal, Canada; CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Julian Chiarella
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University Montreal, Canada; CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Cynthia Hy Fu
- School of Psychology, University of East London, United Kingdom; Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Agustin Ibanez
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile; Universidad Autonoma del Caribe, Barranquilla, Colombia; Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Australian Research Council (ARC), New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Leroy Lowe
- Neuroqualia (NGO), Turo, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, GGZ InGeest Research & Innovation, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | - Pedro Rosa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrew H Kemp
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil; Discipline of Psychiatry, and School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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20
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Response patterns in the developing social brain are organized by social and emotion features and disrupted in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Cortex 2020; 125:12-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Wong JJ, Chang DHF, Qi D, Men W, Gao JH, Lee TMC. The pontine-driven somatic gaze tract contributes to affective processing in humans. Neuroimage 2020; 213:116692. [PMID: 32135263 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The relevance of subcortical structures for affective processing is not fully understood. Inspired by the gerbil retino-raphe pathway that has been shown to regulate affective behavior and previous human work showing that the pontine region is important for processing emotion, we asked whether well-established tracts in humans traveling between the eye and the brain stem contribute to functions beyond their conventionally understood roles. Here we report neuroimaging findings showing that optic chiasm-brain stem diffusivity predict responses reflecting perceived arousal and valence. Analyses of subsequent task-evoked connectivity further revealed that visual affective processing implicates the brain stem, particularly the pontine region at an early stage of the cascade, projecting to cortico-limbic regions in a feedforward manner. The optimal model implies that all intrinsic connections between the regions of interest are unidirectional and outwards from the pontine region. These findings suggest that affective processing implicates regions outside the cortico-limbic network. The involvement of a phylogenetically older locus in the pons that has consequences in oculomotor control may imply adaptive consequences of affect detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jun Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Laboratory of Neuropsychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Laboratory of Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Dorita H F Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Di Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Laboratory of Neuropsychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Laboratory of Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Weiwei Men
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jia-Hong Gao
- Center for MRI Research and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tatia M C Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Laboratory of Neuropsychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Laboratory of Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Institute of Clinical Neuropsychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, China.
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22
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Loureiro JRA, Leaver A, Vasavada M, Sahib AK, Kubicki A, Joshi S, Woods RP, Wade B, Congdon E, Espinoza R, Narr KL. Modulation of amygdala reactivity following rapidly acting interventions for major depression. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:1699-1710. [PMID: 32115848 PMCID: PMC7268016 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and ketamine treatment both induce rapidly acting antidepressant effects in patients with major depressive disorder unresponsive to standard treatments, yet their specific impact on emotion processing is unknown. Here, we examined the neural underpinnings of emotion processing within and across patients (N = 44) receiving either ECT (N = 17, mean age: 36.8, 11.0 SD) or repeated subanesthetic (0.5 mg/kg) intravenous ketamine therapy (N = 27, mean age: 37.3, 10.8 SD) using a naturalistic study design. MRI and clinical data were collected before (TP1) and after treatment (TP2); healthy controls (N = 31, mean age: 34.5, 13.5 SD) completed one MRI session (TP1). An fMRI face-matching task probed negative- and positive-valence systems. Whole-brain analysis, comparing neurofunctional changes within and across treatment groups, targeted brain regions involved in emotional facial processing, and included regions-of-interest analysis of amygdala responsivity. Main findings revealed a decrease in amygdalar reactivity after both ECT and ketamine for positive and negative emotional face processing (p < .05 family wise-error (FWE) corrected). Subthreshold changes were observed between treatments within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and insula (p < .005, uncorrected). BOLD change for positive faces in the inferior parietal cortex significantly correlated with overall symptom improvement, and BOLD change in frontal regions correlated with anxiety for negative faces, and anhedonia for positive faces (p < .05 FWE corrected). Both serial ketamine and ECT treatment modulate amygdala response, while more subtle treatment-specific changes occur in the larger functional network. Findings point to both common and differential mechanistic upstream systems-level effects relating to fast-acting antidepressant response, and symptoms of anxiety and anhedonia, for the processing of emotionally valenced stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana R. A. Loureiro
- Department of NeurologyAhamason‐Lovelace Brain Mapping CenterLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Amber Leaver
- Northwestern University Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute (NUCATS)ChicagoIllinois
| | - Megha Vasavada
- Department of NeurologyAhamason‐Lovelace Brain Mapping CenterLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Ashish K. Sahib
- Department of NeurologyAhamason‐Lovelace Brain Mapping CenterLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Antoni Kubicki
- Department of NeurologyAhamason‐Lovelace Brain Mapping CenterLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Shantanu Joshi
- Department of NeurologyAhamason‐Lovelace Brain Mapping CenterLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Roger P. Woods
- Department of NeurologyAhamason‐Lovelace Brain Mapping CenterLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Benjamin Wade
- Department of NeurologyAhamason‐Lovelace Brain Mapping CenterLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Eliza Congdon
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral SciencesUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Randall Espinoza
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral SciencesUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Katherine L. Narr
- Department of NeurologyAhamason‐Lovelace Brain Mapping CenterLos AngelesCalifornia
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral SciencesUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCalifornia
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23
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Isernia S, Sokolov AN, Fallgatter AJ, Pavlova MA. Untangling the Ties Between Social Cognition and Body Motion: Gender Impact. Front Psychol 2020; 11:128. [PMID: 32116932 PMCID: PMC7016199 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We proved the viability of the general hypothesis that biological motion (BM) processing serves as a hallmark of social cognition. We assumed that BM processing and inferring emotions through BM (body language reading) are firmly linked and examined whether this tie is gender-specific. Healthy females and males completed two tasks with the same set of point-light BM displays portraying angry and neutral locomotion of female and male actors. For one task, perceivers had to indicate actor gender, while for the other, they had to infer the emotional content of locomotion. Thus, with identical visual input, we directed task demands either to BM processing or inferring of emotion. This design allows straight comparison between sensitivity to BM and recognition of emotions conveyed by the same BM. In addition, perceivers were administered a set of photographs from the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), with which they identified either emotional state or actor gender. Although there were no gender differences in performance on BM tasks, a tight link occurred between recognition accuracy of emotions and gender through BM in males. In females only, body language reading (both accuracy and response time) was associated with performance on the RMET. The outcome underscores gender-specific modes in visual social cognition and triggers investigation of body language reading in a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Isernia
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- CADITeR, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alexander N. Sokolov
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas J. Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marina A. Pavlova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Gong X, Lu Z, Feng X, Yu C, Xue M, Yu L, Wang T, Cheng X, Lu J, Zhang M. Elevated Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Depression After Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:2153-2159. [PMID: 33061386 PMCID: PMC7518785 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s269210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Inflammation plays a critical role in the development of depression after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), while neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been identified as a novel comprehensive inflammatory indicator in recent years. The aim of this study was to examine the association between NLR and depression after ICH. PATIENTS AND METHODS From January 2016 to December 2018, ICH patients were prospectively enrolled. NLR was measured at admission. Depression at 3 months after ICH was diagnosed according to the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). RESULTS Of the 372 enrolled patients, 107 (28.8%) were diagnosed with depression at 3 months after ICH. Patients with depression had a higher NLR (6.15 vs 3.55, P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis detected that after adjusting for major confounders, NLR remained independently associated with depression after ICH (OR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.45-3.49, P < 0.001). Moreover, NLR acted as the optimal variable for prediction, with the optimal predictive threshold of 4.53 in ROC analysis. CONCLUSION Elevated NLR is associated with depression at 3 months after ICH, suggesting that NLR may be a significant biomarker to predict depression after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqun Gong
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, First People's Hospital of Huainan, Huainan 232001, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Lu
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiwu Feng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, First People's Hospital of Huainan, Huainan 232001, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanqing Yu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, First People's Hospital of Huainan, Huainan 232001, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Xue
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, First People's Hospital of Huainan, Huainan 232001, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, First People's Hospital of Huainan, Huainan 232001, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, First People's Hospital of Huainan, Huainan 232001, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaosi Cheng
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, First People's Hospital of Huainan, Huainan 232001, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, First People's Hospital of Huainan, Huainan 232001, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, First People's Hospital of Huainan, Huainan 232001, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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25
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Lancaster K, Venkatesan UM, Lengenfelder J, Genova HM. Default Mode Network Connectivity Predicts Emotion Recognition and Social Integration After Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Neurol 2019; 10:825. [PMID: 31447760 PMCID: PMC6696510 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) may result in difficulty with emotion recognition, which has negative implications for social functioning. As aspects of social cognition have been linked to resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in the default mode network (DMN), we sought to determine whether DMN connectivity strength predicts emotion recognition and level of social integration in TBI. To this end, we examined emotion recognition ability of 21 individuals with TBI and 27 healthy controls in relation to RSFC between DMN regions. Across all participants, decreased emotion recognition ability was related to increased connectivity between dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and temporal regions (temporal pole and parahippocampal gyrus). Furthermore, within the TBI group, connectivity between dmPFC and parahippocampal gyrus predicted level of social integration on the Community Integration Questionnaire, an important index of post-injury social functioning in TBI. This finding was not explained by emotion recognition ability, indicating that DMN connectivity predicts social functioning independent of emotion recognition. These results advance our understanding of the neural underpinnings of emotional and social processes in both healthy and injured brains, and suggest that RSFC may be an important marker of social outcomes in individuals with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Lancaster
- Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, United States.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | | | - Jean Lengenfelder
- Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, United States.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Helen M Genova
- Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, United States.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
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Lieberman MD, Straccia MA, Meyer ML, Du M, Tan KM. Social, self, (situational), and affective processes in medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC): Causal, multivariate, and reverse inference evidence. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 99:311-328. [PMID: 30610911 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) has been posited to serve a variety of social, affective, and cognitive functions. These conclusions have largely been driven by forward inference analyses (e.g. GLM fMRI studies and meta-analyses) that indicate where domain-specific tasks tend to produce activity but tell us little about what those regions do. Here, we take a multi-method, multi-domain approach to the functionality of MPFC subdivisions within Brodmann areas 9-11. We consider four methods that each have reverse inference or causal inference value: lesion work, transcranial magnetic stimulation, multivariate pattern analysis, and Neurosynth analyses. The Neurosynth analyses include multi-term reverse inference analyses that compare several domains of interest to one another at once. We examine the evidence supporting structure-function links in five domains: social cognition, self, value, emotional experience, and mental time travel. The evidence is considered for each of three MPFC subdivisions: dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC), anteromedial prefrontal cortex (AMPFC), and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC). Although there is evidentiary variability across methods, the results suggest that social processes are functionally linked to DMPFC (and somewhat surprisingly in VMPFC), self processes are linked to AMPFC, and affective processes are linked to AMPFC and VMPFC. There is also a relatively non-selective region of VMPFC that may support situational processing, a process key to each domain, but also independent of each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Lieberman
- UCLA Psychology Department, 1248 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, United States.
| | - Mark A Straccia
- UCLA Psychology Department, 1248 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, United States
| | - Meghan L Meyer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Meng Du
- UCLA Psychology Department, 1248 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, United States
| | - Kevin M Tan
- UCLA Psychology Department, 1248 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, United States
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Kim HC, Bandettini PA, Lee JH. Deep neural network predicts emotional responses of the human brain from functional magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroimage 2018; 186:607-627. [PMID: 30366076 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An artificial neural network with multiple hidden layers (known as a deep neural network, or DNN) was employed as a predictive model (DNNp) for the first time to predict emotional responses using whole-brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from individual subjects. During fMRI data acquisition, 10 healthy participants listened to 80 International Affective Digital Sound stimuli and rated their own emotions generated by each sound stimulus in terms of the arousal, dominance, and valence dimensions. The whole-brain spatial patterns from a general linear model (i.e., beta-valued maps) for each sound stimulus and the emotional response ratings were used as the input and output for the DNNP, respectively. Based on a nested five-fold cross-validation scheme, the paired input and output data were divided into training (three-fold), validation (one-fold), and test (one-fold) data. The DNNP was trained and optimized using the training and validation data and was tested using the test data. The Pearson's correlation coefficients between the rated and predicted emotional responses from our DNNP model with weight sparsity optimization (mean ± standard error 0.52 ± 0.02 for arousal, 0.51 ± 0.03 for dominance, and 0.51 ± 0.03 for valence, with an input denoising level of 0.3 and a mini-batch size of 1) were significantly greater than those of DNN models with conventional regularization schemes including elastic net regularization (0.15 ± 0.05, 0.15 ± 0.06, and 0.21 ± 0.04 for arousal, dominance, and valence, respectively), those of shallow models including logistic regression (0.11 ± 0.04, 0.10 ± 0.05, and 0.17 ± 0.04 for arousal, dominance, and valence, respectively; average of logistic regression and sparse logistic regression), and those of support vector machine-based predictive models (SVMps; 0.12 ± 0.06, 0.06 ± 0.06, and 0.10 ± 0.06 for arousal, dominance, and valence, respectively; average of linear and non-linear SVMps). This difference was confirmed to be significant with a Bonferroni-corrected p-value of less than 0.001 from a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and subsequent paired t-test. The weights of the trained DNNPs were interpreted and input patterns that maximized or minimized the output of the DNNPs (i.e., the emotional responses) were estimated. Based on a binary classification of each emotion category (e.g., high arousal vs. low arousal), the error rates for the DNNP (31.2% ± 1.3% for arousal, 29.0% ± 1.7% for dominance, and 28.6% ± 3.0% for valence) were significantly lower than those for the linear SVMP (44.7% ± 2.0%, 50.7% ± 1.7%, and 47.4% ± 1.9% for arousal, dominance, and valence, respectively) and the non-linear SVMP (48.8% ± 2.3%, 52.2% ± 1.9%, and 46.4% ± 1.3% for arousal, dominance, and valence, respectively), as confirmed by the Bonferroni-corrected p < 0.001 from the one-way ANOVA. Our study demonstrates that the DNNp model is able to reveal neuronal circuitry associated with human emotional processing - including structures in the limbic and paralimbic areas, which include the amygdala, prefrontal areas, anterior cingulate cortex, insula, and caudate. Our DNNp model was also able to use activation patterns in these structures to predict and classify emotional responses to stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Chul Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter A Bandettini
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Lab of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Anterior Temporal Lobectomy Impairs Neural Classification of Body Emotions in Right Superior Temporal Sulcus and Reduces Emotional Enhancement in Distributed Brain Areas without Affecting Behavioral Classification. J Neurosci 2018; 38:9263-9274. [PMID: 30228228 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0634-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans with amygdalar lesions show proportional reductions of the emotional response to facial expressions in the fusiform face area as well as deficits in emotion recognition from facial expressions. While processing of bodily expressions shares many similarities with facial expressions, there is no substantial evidence that lesions of the amygdala result in similar behavioral and neural sequelae. We combined behavioral assessment with functional neuroimaging in a group of male and female humans with unilateral anterior temporal lobe (ATL) resections, including the amygdala (right: n = 10; left: n = 10) and 12 matched controls. The objective was to assess whether the amygdala is crucial for the recognition of body expressions and for modulatory effects on distant areas during perception of body expressions. The behavioral results revealed normal performance in both patient groups on emotion categorization of body expressions. The neuroimaging results showed that ATL patients displayed no enhanced activations in right fusiform body area and left extrastriate body area and that left ATL patients additionally displayed no enhanced activations in right posterior superior temporal sulcus and right extrastriate body area, respectively. Multivoxel pattern analysis revealed altered categorization capacity between emotional and neutral stimuli in right posterior superior temporal sulcus in right ATL patients. In addition, we also found emotional enhancement in frontal, parietal, occipital, and cingulate regions in controls. Together, our data show that the amygdala and ATLs are not necessary for recognition of dynamic body expressions, but suggest that amygdala lesions affect body emotion processing in distant brain areas.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT For humans, information from emotional expressions of others is crucial to support social interactions. The majority of emotion studies has focused on facial expressions; however, in daily life, we also use information from body postures and body movement. Visual processing of body expressions relies on a brain network, including body-specific visual areas and visuomotor areas. Even though the importance of the amygdala and its modulatory effects on distant brain regions have been documented, it remains unclear whether the amygdala plays a crucial role in emotional body processing. By combining behavioral and neuroimaging data in patients with amygdalar lesions, we provide further evidence for its modulatory effect on distant areas during the perception of body expressions.
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Huang YA, Jastorff J, Van den Stock J, Van de Vliet L, Dupont P, Vandenbulcke M. Studying emotion theories through connectivity analysis: Evidence from generalized psychophysiological interactions and graph theory. Neuroimage 2018; 172:250-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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30
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Shi Y, Yang D, Zeng Y, Wu W. Risk Factors for Post-stroke Depression: A Meta-analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:218. [PMID: 28744213 PMCID: PMC5504146 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Stroke not only impacts patients physically but also economically. Post-stroke depression (PSD), as a common complication of stroke, always obstructs the process of stroke rehabilitation. Accordingly, defining the risk factors associated with PSD has extraordinary importance. Although there have been many studies investigating the risk factors for PSD, the results are inconsistent. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to identify the risk factors for PSD by evidence-based medicine. Data sources: A systematic and comprehensive database search was performed of PubMed, Medline, CENTRAL, EMBASE.com, the Cochrane library and Web of Science for Literature, covering publications from January 1, 1998 to November 19, 2016. Study Selection: Studies on risk factors for PSD were identified, according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The risk of bias tool, described in the Cochrane Handbook version 5.1.0, was used to assess the quality of each study. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results: Thirty-six studies were included for review. A history of mental illness was the highest ranking modifiable risk factor; other risk factors for PSD were female gender, age (<70 years), neuroticism, family history, severity of stroke, and level of handicap. Social support was a protective factor for PSD. Conclusion: There are many factors that have effects on PSD. The severity of stroke is an important factor in the occurrence of PSD. Mental history is a possible predictor of PSD. Prevention of PSD requires social and family participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Yang
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou People's HospitalZhengzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Wen Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
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31
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Pavlova MA. Sex and gender affect the social brain: Beyond simplicity. J Neurosci Res 2016; 95:235-250. [PMID: 27688155 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina A. Pavlova
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Medical School; Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
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Jastorff J, De Winter FL, Van den Stock J, Vandenberghe R, Giese MA, Vandenbulcke M. Functional dissociation between anterior temporal lobe and inferior frontal gyrus in the processing of dynamic body expressions: Insights from behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:4472-4486. [PMID: 27510944 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several brain regions are involved in the processing of emotional stimuli, however, the contribution of specific regions to emotion perception is still under debate. To investigate this issue, we combined behavioral testing, structural and resting state imaging in patients diagnosed with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and age matched controls, with task-based functional imaging in young, healthy volunteers. As expected, bvFTD patients were impaired in emotion detection as well as emotion categorization tasks, testing dynamic emotional body expressions as stimuli. Interestingly, their performance in the two tasks correlated with gray matter volume in two distinct brain regions, the left anterior temporal lobe for emotion detection and the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) for emotion categorization. Confirming this observation, multivoxel pattern analysis in healthy volunteers demonstrated that both ROIs contained information for emotion detection, but that emotion categorization was only possible from the pattern in the IFG. Furthermore, functional connectivity analysis showed reduced connectivity between the two regions in bvFTD patients. Our results illustrate that the mentalizing network and the action observation network perform distinct tasks during emotion processing. In bvFTD, communication between the networks is reduced, indicating one possible cause underlying the behavioral symptoms. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4472-4486, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Jastorff
- Laboratory for Translational Neuropsychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francois-Laurent De Winter
- Laboratory for Translational Neuropsychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Old Age Psychiatry, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Van den Stock
- Laboratory for Translational Neuropsychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Old Age Psychiatry, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martin A Giese
- Section for Computational Sensomotorics, Department of Cognitive Neurology, University Clinic Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Mathieu Vandenbulcke
- Laboratory for Translational Neuropsychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Old Age Psychiatry, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
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