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Krivonogova EV, Krivonogova OV. High plasticity of temperament as a marker of flexible autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system in urgent adaptive response to cold in young people. Physiol Behav 2024; 284:114629. [PMID: 38981570 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The properties of temperament are due to differences in the excitability of brain systems that integrate the behavior of an individual, his emotions and autonomic functions and play an important role in the adaptation of the body to the environment. The mechanisms of the relationship between individual characteristics of temperament properties and regulation of the cardiovascular system have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study to assess the relationship between expression of temperament traits and the autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system in the baseline condition and in response to exposure to cold. The study involved 25 healthy male volunteers aged between 18 and 21 years. Temperament traits were measured using the Structure of Temperament Questionnaire. During the study, heart rate variability (HRV) parameters (5 min), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) were recorded at room temperature. In the period from 5 to 10 min of exposure in an UShZ-25 N cold chamber (-20 °C), HRV were assessed. Immediately after the subjects came out from the cold chamber, blood pressure was measured. Then, 5 min after they left the cold chamber, SBP, DBP, HRV were recorded. The results showed that in young people with different expressions of temperamental properties, no differences were found in the regulation of heart rhythm by the autonomic nervous system in the baseline condition. The high object-related plasticity, i.e. the ease of switching from one type of activity to another, linked with autonomic flexibility and blood pressure control, which restrains a significant increase in blood pressure when exposed to short-term cold, and contributes to the preservation of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Krivonogova
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
| | - O V Krivonogova
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation.
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2
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Wang Y, Turnbull A, Xu Y, Heffner K, Lin FV, Adeli E. Vision-based estimation of fatigue and engagement in cognitive training sessions. Artif Intell Med 2024; 154:102923. [PMID: 38970987 PMCID: PMC11305905 DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2024.102923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Computerized cognitive training (CCT) is a scalable, well-tolerated intervention that has promise for slowing cognitive decline. The effectiveness of CCT is often affected by a lack of effective engagement. Mental fatigue is a the primary factor for compromising effective engagement in CCT, particularly in older adults at risk for dementia. There is a need for scalable, automated measures that can constantly monitor and reliably detect mental fatigue during CCT. Here, we develop and validate a novel Recurrent Video Transformer (RVT) method for monitoring real-time mental fatigue in older adults with mild cognitive impairment using their video-recorded facial gestures during CCT. The RVT model achieved the highest balanced accuracy (79.58%) and precision (0.82) compared to the prior models for binary and multi-class classification of mental fatigue. We also validated our model by significantly relating to reaction time across CCT tasks (Waldχ2=5.16,p=0.023). By leveraging dynamic temporal information, the RVT model demonstrates the potential to accurately measure real-time mental fatigue, laying the foundation for future CCT research aiming to enhance effective engagement by timely prevention of mental fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchen Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Adam Turnbull
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yunlong Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kathi Heffner
- School of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Feng Vankee Lin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ehsan Adeli
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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3
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Anthony M, Turnbull A, Tadin D, Lin FV. Positive affect disrupts neurodegeneration effects on cognitive training plasticity in older adults. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2024; 19:nsae004. [PMID: 38252656 PMCID: PMC10939393 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive training for older adults varies in efficacy, but it is unclear why some older adults benefit more than others. Positive affective experience (PAE), referring to high positive valence and/or stable arousal states across everyday scenarios, and associated functional networks can protect plasticity mechanisms against Alzheimer's disease neurodegeneration, which may contribute to training outcome variability. The objective of this study is to investigate whether PAE explains variability in cognitive training outcomes by disrupting the adverse effect of neurodegeneration on plasticity. The study's design is a secondary analysis of a randomized control trial of cognitive training with concurrent real or sham brain stimulation (39 older adults with mild cognitive impairment; mean age, 71). Moderation analyses, with change in episodic memory or executive function as the outcome, PAE or baseline resting-state connectivity as the moderator and baseline neurodegeneration as the predictor are the methods used in the study. The result of the study is that PAE stability and baseline default mode network (DMN) connectivity disrupted the effect of neurodegeneration on plasticity in executive function but not episodic memory. The study concludes that PAE stability and degree of DMN integrity both explained cognitive training outcome variability, by reducing the adverse effect of neurodegeneration on cognitive plasticity. We highlight the need to account for PAE, brain aging factors and their interactions with plasticity in cognitive training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Anthony
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Adam Turnbull
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Duje Tadin
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - F Vankee Lin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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Raimo S, Cropano M, Gaita M, Maggi G, Cavallo ND, Roldan-Tapia MD, Santangelo G. The Efficacy of Cognitive Training on Neuropsychological Outcomes in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Meta-Analysis. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1510. [PMID: 38002471 PMCID: PMC10669748 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild neurocognitive disorder is an intermediate stage of cognitive impairment between normal cognitive aging and dementia. Given the absence of effective pharmacological treatments for MCI, increasing numbers of studies are attempting to understand how cognitive training (CT) could benefit MCI. This meta-analysis aims to update and assess the efficacy of CT on specific neuropsychological test performance (global cognitive functioning, short-term verbal memory, long-term verbal memory, generativity, working memory, and visuospatial abilities) in individuals diagnosed with MCI, as compared to MCI control groups. After searching electronic databases for randomized controlled trials, 31 studies were found including 2496 participants. Results showed that CT significantly improved global cognitive functioning, short-term and long-term verbal memory, generativity, working memory, and visuospatial abilities. However, no significant effects were observed for shifting, abstraction ability/concept formation, processing speed, and language. The mode of CT had a moderating effect on abstraction ability/concept formation. The findings provide specific insights into the cognitive functions influenced by CT and guide the development of tailored interventions for MCI. While CT holds promise, further research is needed to address certain cognitive deficits and assess long-term effects on dementia progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Raimo
- Department of Psychology, ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’ University of Campania, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.C.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (N.D.C.)
| | - Maria Cropano
- Department of Psychology, ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’ University of Campania, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.C.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (N.D.C.)
| | - Mariachiara Gaita
- Department of Psychology, ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’ University of Campania, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.C.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (N.D.C.)
| | - Gianpaolo Maggi
- Department of Psychology, ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’ University of Campania, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.C.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (N.D.C.)
| | - Nicola Davide Cavallo
- Department of Psychology, ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’ University of Campania, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.C.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (N.D.C.)
| | | | - Gabriella Santangelo
- Department of Psychology, ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’ University of Campania, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.C.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (N.D.C.)
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Lin FV, Heffner KL. Autonomic nervous system flexibility for understanding brain aging. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102016. [PMID: 37459967 PMCID: PMC10530154 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
A recent call was made for autonomic nervous system (ANS) measures as digital health markers for early detection of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (AD/ADRD). Nevertheless, contradictory or inconclusive findings exist. To help advance understanding of ANS' role in dementia, we draw upon aging and dementia-related literature, and propose a framework that centers on the role of ANS flexibility to guide future work on application of ANS function to differentiating the degree and type of dementia-related brain pathologies. We first provide a brief review of literature within the past 10 years on ANS and dementia-related brain pathologies. Next, we present an ANS flexibility model, describing how the model can be applied to understand these brain pathologies, as well as differentiate or even be leveraged to modify typical brain aging and dementia. Lastly, we briefly discuss the implication of the model for understanding resilience and vulnerability to dementia-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng V Lin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, USA; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, USA.
| | - Kathi L Heffner
- School of Nursing, University of Rochester, USA; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, USA
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Albayrak B, Jablonski L, Felderhoff-Mueser U, Huening BM, Ernst TM, Timmann D, Batsikadze G. Fear conditioning is preserved in very preterm-born young adults despite increased anxiety levels. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11319. [PMID: 37443342 PMCID: PMC10344879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38391-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Very preterm birth is associated with an increased risk for anxiety disorders. Abnormal brain development may result in disordered fear learning processes, which may be exacerbated by environmental risk factors and persist in adulthood. We tested the hypotheses that very preterm-born young adults displayed higher levels of fear conditioning, less differentiation between threat (CS+) and safety (CS-) signals, and stronger resistance to extinction relative to term-born controls. A group of 37 very preterm-born young adults and 31 age- and sex-matched term-born controls performed a differential fear conditioning paradigm on two consecutive days. Acquisition and extinction training were performed on day 1. Recall and reinstatement were tested on day 2. Preterm-born participants showed significantly higher levels of anxiety in the Depression-Anxiety-Stress-Scale-21 questionnaire. The fear conditioning outcome measures, skin conductance response amplitudes and anxiety ratings, were overall higher in the preterm-born group compared to controls. Awareness of CS-US contingencies was mildly reduced in preterms. Acquisition, extinction, recall and reinstatement of differential conditioned fear responses (CS+ > CS-), however, were not significantly different between the groups. There were no significant group by stimulus type interactions. The finding of largely preserved associative fear learning in very preterm-born young adults was unexpected and needs to be confirmed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Albayrak
- Department of Pediatrics I and C-TNBS, Pediatric and Developmental Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
| | - Lara Jablonski
- Department of Pediatrics I and C-TNBS, Pediatric and Developmental Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Ursula Felderhoff-Mueser
- Department of Pediatrics I and C-TNBS, Pediatric and Developmental Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Britta M Huening
- Department of Pediatrics I and C-TNBS, Pediatric and Developmental Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas M Ernst
- Department of Neurology and C-TNBS, Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Timmann
- Department of Neurology and C-TNBS, Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Giorgi Batsikadze
- Department of Neurology and C-TNBS, Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
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Lin FV. A Multi-Dimensional Model of Fatigue in Old Age: Implications for Brain Aging. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 31:152-161. [PMID: 36435711 PMCID: PMC10653728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
As the most reported symptom in old age, fatigue is understudied in terms of both mechanisms and measures. Population heterogeneity and methodological inconsistency makes understanding the relationship between fatigue and brain aging challenging. The present article comprehensively reviews existing conceptual and operational frameworks of fatigue, as well as mechanistic heterogeneities of fatigue that exist in the aging literature. Then, I propose a Multi-Dimensional Model of fatigue to provide theoretical cohesion to the study of fatigue in old age, along with a "fatigue circuit" addressing brain profiles across dimensions of fatigue. The potential relationships between fatigue dimensions, the fatigue circuit, and brain aging are discussed to inform the direction of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng V Lin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences(FVL), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304; Wu Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University(FVL), Palo Alto, CA, 94304.
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8
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Peralta-Malváez L, Turnbull A, Anthony M, Adeli E, Lin FV. CCA identifies a neurophysiological marker of adaptation capacity that is reliably linked to internal locus of control of cognition in amnestic MCI. GeroScience 2023:10.1007/s11357-023-00730-8. [PMID: 36697886 PMCID: PMC10400522 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00730-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Locus of control (LOC) describes whether an individual thinks that they themselves (internal LOC) or external factors (external LOC) have more influence on their lives. LOC varies by domain, and a person's LOC for their intellectual capacities (LOC-Cognition) may be a marker of resilience in older adults at risk for dementia, with internal LOC-Cognition relating to better outcomes and improved treatment adherence. Vagal control, a key component of parasympathetic autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulation, may reflect a neurophysiological biomarker of internal LOC-Cognition. We used canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to identify a shared neurophysiological marker of ANS regulation from electrocardiogram (during auditory working memory) and functional connectivity (FC) data. A canonical variable from root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) time series and between-network FC was significantly related to internal LOC-Cognition (β = 0.266, SE = 0.971, CI = [0.190, 4.073], p = 0.031) in 65 participants (mean age = 74.7, 32 female) with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Follow-up data from 55 of these individuals (mean age = 73.6, 22 females) was used to show reliability of this relationship (β = 0.271, SE = 0.971, CI = [0.033, 2.630], p = 0.047), and a second sample (40 participants with aMCI/healthy cognition, mean age = 72.7, 24 females) showed that the canonical vector biomarker generalized to visual working memory (β = 0.36, SE = 0.136, CI = [0.023, 0.574], p = 0.037), but not inhibition task RMSSD data (β = 0.08, SE = 1.486, CI = [- 0.354, 0.657], p = 0.685). This canonical vector may represent a biomarker of autonomic regulation that explains how some older adults maintain internal LOC-Cognition as dementia progresses. Future work should further test the causality of this relationship and the modifiability of this biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizbeth Peralta-Malváez
- CogT Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Adam Turnbull
- CogT Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA.
| | - Mia Anthony
- CogT Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Ehsan Adeli
- CogT Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - F Vankee Lin
- CogT Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Turnbull A, Seitz A, Tadin D, Lin FV. Unifying framework for cognitive training interventions in brain aging. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101724. [PMID: 36031055 PMCID: PMC10681332 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive training is a promising tool for slowing or preventing cognitive decline in older adults at-risk for dementia. Its success, however, has been limited by a lack of evidence showing that it reliably causes broad training effects: improvements in cognition across a range of domains that lead to real-world benefits. Here, we propose a framework for enhancing the effect of cognitive training interventions in brain aging. The focus is on (A) developing cognitive training task paradigms that are informed by population-level cognitive characteristics and pathophysiology, and (B) personalizing how these sets are presented to participants during training via feedback loops that aim to optimize "mismatch" between participant capacity and training demands using both adaptation and random variability. In this way, cognitive training can better alter whole-brain topology in a manner that supports broad training effects in the context of brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Turnbull
- University of Rochester, USA; Stanford University, USA
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Heffner KL, Quiñones MM, Gallegos AM, Crean HF, Lin F, Suhr JA. Subjective memory in adults over 50 years of age: associations with affective and physiological markers of emotion regulation. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:971-979. [PMID: 33784222 PMCID: PMC8647182 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1904829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine associations among subjective memory reports, psychophysiological markers of emotion regulation, and cognitive performance in healthy adults over 50 years of age. METHOD A cross-sectional laboratory study was conducted with healthy, community-dwelling, non-depressed adults (M age = 60.4 years, SD = 8.4). The Metamemory in Adulthood (MIA) questionnaire provided reports of subjective memory capacity and stability (versus decline) and anxiety about memory. Poorer emotion regulation was marked by greater negative affect (NA) and lower high frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) responses to a challenging working memory task. Regression models were used to identify associations between subjective memory and emotion regulation markers, and structural equation modeling was used to explore whether emotion regulation mediated associations between subjective memory and objective task performance. RESULTS A total of 115 participants were included in the final sample. Subjective memory decline (indicated by lower scores on memory stability) was associated with lower HF-HRV response and worse working memory performance. Poorer subjective memory capacity and more anxiety about memory were both associated with greater negative affect in response to the working memory task. There was an indirect effect of subjective memory capacity on working memory performance through negative affect response. CONCLUSIONS The findings here suggest that worse subjective memory may signal reduced capacity for emotion regulation. Along with known cognitive risks of depression and anxiety, more subtle emotion regulation difficulties may be involved in pathways of poor cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathi L. Heffner
- Elaine Hubbard Center for Nursing Research on Aging, School of Nursing, University of Rochester Medical Center,Division of Geriatrics & Aging, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center,Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center
| | - Maria M. Quiñones
- Elaine Hubbard Center for Nursing Research on Aging, School of Nursing, University of Rochester Medical Center
| | | | - Hugh F. Crean
- Elaine Hubbard Center for Nursing Research on Aging, School of Nursing, University of Rochester Medical Center
| | - Feng Lin
- Elaine Hubbard Center for Nursing Research on Aging, School of Nursing, University of Rochester Medical Center,Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center,Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center,Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center,Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester
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11
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Chen Q, Turnbull A, Cole M, Zhang Z, Lin FV. Enhancing Cortical Network-level Participation Coefficient as a Potential Mechanism for Transfer in Cognitive Training in aMCI. Neuroimage 2022; 254:119124. [PMID: 35331866 PMCID: PMC9199485 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective cognitive training must improve cognition beyond the trained domain (show a transfer effect) and be applicable to dementia-risk populations, e.g., amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Theories suggest training should target processes that 1) show robust engagement, 2) are domain-general, and 3) reflect long-lasting changes in brain organization. Brain regions that connect to many different networks (i.e., show high participation coefficient; PC) are known to support integration. This capacity is 1) relatively preserved in aMCI, 2) required across a wide range of cognitive domains, and 3) trait-like. In 49 individuals with aMCI that completed a 6-week visual speed of processing training (VSOP) and 28 active controls, enhancement in PC was significantly more related to transfer to working memory at global and network levels in VSOP compared to controls, particularly in networks with many high-PC nodes. This suggests that enhancing brain integration may provide a target for developing effective cognitive training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanjing Chen
- CogT Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, United States
| | - Adam Turnbull
- CogT Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, United States; School of Nursing, University of Rochester, United States.
| | - Martin Cole
- Department of Biostatics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, United States
| | - Zhengwu Zhang
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, UNC-Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Feng V Lin
- CogT Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, United States; The Wu Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, University of Rochester, United States
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12
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Turnbull A, Kaplan R, Adeli E, Lin FV. A Novel Explainability Approach for Technology-Driven Translational Research on Brain Aging. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:1229-1239. [PMID: 35754280 PMCID: PMC9399001 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Brain aging leads to difficulties in functional independence. Mitigating these difficulties can benefit from technology that predicts, monitors, and modifies brain aging. Translational research prioritizes solutions that can be causally linked to specific pathophysiologies at the same time as demonstrating improvements in impactful real-world outcome measures. This poses a challenge for brain aging technology that needs to address the tension between mechanism-driven precision and clinical relevance. In the current opinion, by synthesizing emerging mechanistic, translational, and clinical research-related frameworks, and our own development of technology-driven brain aging research, we suggest incorporating the appreciation of four desiderata (causality, informativeness, transferability, and fairness) of explainability into early-stage research that designs and tests brain aging technology. We apply a series of work on electrocardiography-based "peripheral" neuroplasticity markers from our work as an illustration of our proposed approach. We believe this novel approach will promote the development and adoption of brain aging technology that links and addresses brain pathophysiology and functional independence in the field of translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Turnbull
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, CA, USA
- School of Nursing, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Robert Kaplan
- Clinical Excellence Research Center (CERC), Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Ehsan Adeli
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Feng V. Lin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, CA, USA
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13
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Lin FV, Heffner K, Gevirtz R, Zhang Z, Tadin D, Porsteinsson A. Targeting autonomic flexibility to enhance cognitive training outcomes in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:560. [PMID: 34425878 PMCID: PMC8381519 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05530-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance Cognitive training with components that can further enhance the transferred and long-term effects and slow the progress of dementia is needed for preventing dementia. Objective The goal of the study is to test whether improving autonomic nervous system (ANS) flexibility via a resonance frequency breathing (RFB) training will strengthen the effects of a visual speed of processing (VSOP) cognitive training on cognitive and brain function, and slow the progress of dementia in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Design Stage II double-blinded randomized controlled trial. The study was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, with registration approved on 21 August 2020 (No. NCT04522791). Setting Study-related appointments will be conducted on-site at University of Rochester Medical Center locations. Data collection will be conducted from August 2020 to February 2025. Participants Older adults with MCI (n = 114) will be randomly assigned to an 8-week combined intervention (RFB+VSOP), VSOP with guided imagery relaxation (IR) control, and a IR-only control, with periodical booster training sessions at follow-ups. Mechanistic and distal outcomes include ANS flexibility, measured by heart rate variability, and multiple markers of dementia progress. Data will be collected across a 14-month period. Discussion This will be among the first RCTs to examine in older persons with MCI a novel, combined intervention targeting ANS flexibility, an important contributor to overall environmental adaptation, with an ultimate goal for slowing neurodegeneration. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04522791. Registered on 21 August 2020 Protocol version: STUDY00004727; IRB protocol version 2, approved on 30 July 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng V Lin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.,Wu Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.,Elaine C. Hubbard Center for Nursing Research on Aging, School of Nursing, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, USA.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, USA
| | - Kathi Heffner
- Elaine C. Hubbard Center for Nursing Research on Aging, School of Nursing, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, USA. .,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, USA.
| | | | - Zhengwu Zhang
- University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Duje Tadin
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, USA
| | - Anton Porsteinsson
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, USA
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Chen Q, Yang H, Rooks B, Anthony M, Zhang Z, Tadin D, Heffner KL, Lin FV. Autonomic flexibility reflects learning and associated neuroplasticity in old age. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:3608-3619. [PMID: 32510759 PMCID: PMC7416041 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective learning in old age, particularly in those at risk for dementia, is essential for prolonging independent living. Individual variability in learning, however, is remarkable; that is, months of cognitive training to improve learning may be beneficial for some individuals but not others. So far, little is known about which neurophysiological mechanisms account for the observed variability in learning induced by cognitive training in older adults. By combining Lövdén et al.'s (2010, A theoretical framework for the study of adult cognitive plasticity. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 659-676) framework proposing the role of adaptation capacity in neuroplasticity and a neurovisceral integration model of the relationship between autonomic nervous system (ANS) and brain with a novel shapelet analytical approach that allows for accurate and interpretable analysis of time series data, we discovered an acute, ECG-derived ANS segment in response to cognitive training tasks at baseline that predicted learning outcomes from a 6-week cognitive training intervention. The relationship between the ANS segment and learning was robust in both cross-participant and cross-task analyses among a group of older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Furthermore, the revealed ANS shapelet significantly predicted training-induced neuroplasticity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and select frontal regions during task fMRI. Across outcome measures, individuals were less likely to prospectively benefit from the cognitive training if their ECG data were more similar to this particular ANS segment at baseline. Our findings are among the first empirical evidence to confirm that adaptation capacity, indexed by ANS flexibility, predicts individual differences in learning and associated neuroplasticity beyond individual characteristics (e.g., age, education, neurodegeneration, total training).
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanjing Chen
- Elaine C. Hubbard Center for Nursing Research on Aging, School of NursingUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Haichuan Yang
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of RochesterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Brian Rooks
- Elaine C. Hubbard Center for Nursing Research on Aging, School of NursingUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational BiologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Mia Anthony
- Elaine C. Hubbard Center for Nursing Research on Aging, School of NursingUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive SciencesUniversity of RochesterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Zhengwu Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational BiologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Duje Tadin
- Department of Brain and Cognitive SciencesUniversity of RochesterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Kathi L. Heffner
- Elaine C. Hubbard Center for Nursing Research on Aging, School of NursingUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Feng V. Lin
- Elaine C. Hubbard Center for Nursing Research on Aging, School of NursingUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive SciencesUniversity of RochesterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
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