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Raimo S, Cropano M, Gaita M, Maggi G, Cavallo ND, Roldan-Tapia MD, Santangelo G. The Efficacy of Cognitive Training on Neuropsychological Outcomes in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Meta-Analysis. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1510. [PMID: 38002471 PMCID: PMC10669748 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild neurocognitive disorder is an intermediate stage of cognitive impairment between normal cognitive aging and dementia. Given the absence of effective pharmacological treatments for MCI, increasing numbers of studies are attempting to understand how cognitive training (CT) could benefit MCI. This meta-analysis aims to update and assess the efficacy of CT on specific neuropsychological test performance (global cognitive functioning, short-term verbal memory, long-term verbal memory, generativity, working memory, and visuospatial abilities) in individuals diagnosed with MCI, as compared to MCI control groups. After searching electronic databases for randomized controlled trials, 31 studies were found including 2496 participants. Results showed that CT significantly improved global cognitive functioning, short-term and long-term verbal memory, generativity, working memory, and visuospatial abilities. However, no significant effects were observed for shifting, abstraction ability/concept formation, processing speed, and language. The mode of CT had a moderating effect on abstraction ability/concept formation. The findings provide specific insights into the cognitive functions influenced by CT and guide the development of tailored interventions for MCI. While CT holds promise, further research is needed to address certain cognitive deficits and assess long-term effects on dementia progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Raimo
- Department of Psychology, ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’ University of Campania, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.C.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (N.D.C.)
| | - Maria Cropano
- Department of Psychology, ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’ University of Campania, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.C.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (N.D.C.)
| | - Mariachiara Gaita
- Department of Psychology, ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’ University of Campania, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.C.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (N.D.C.)
| | - Gianpaolo Maggi
- Department of Psychology, ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’ University of Campania, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.C.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (N.D.C.)
| | - Nicola Davide Cavallo
- Department of Psychology, ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’ University of Campania, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.C.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (N.D.C.)
| | | | - Gabriella Santangelo
- Department of Psychology, ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’ University of Campania, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.C.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (N.D.C.)
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Raimo S, Santangelo G, Cropano M, Gaita M, Ammendola L, Malangone D, Lus G, Signoriello E. Comparing face-to-face and videoconference assessment of the Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests in people with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2023; 29:1337-1339. [PMID: 37602442 DOI: 10.1177/13524585231192469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has underlined the need to evaluate cognitive profile via videoconferencing (teleneuropsychology, TeleNP) as a suitable alternative to face-to-face assessment (F-F). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility and the reliability of Rao's Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests (R-BRB) remote administration in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). METHODS Sixty PwMS underwent R-BRB in two conditions: F-F and TeleNP, 1 month apart. RESULTS Cognitive test performance was similar, regardless of the administration type, but visuospatial test performance was better in F-F. CONCLUSION These data suggest that TeleNP is feasible and highly reliable in MS clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Raimo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gabriella Santangelo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Cropano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Caserta, Italy
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Napoli, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Gaita
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Caserta, Italy
| | - Lidia Ammendola
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Caserta, Italy
| | - Daniela Malangone
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Caserta, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lus
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, II Neurological Clinic, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Napoli, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Napoli, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Signoriello
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, II Neurological Clinic, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Napoli, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Napoli, Italy
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Raimo S, Martini M, Guariglia C, Santangelo G, Trojano L, Palermo L. Editorial: Community series in body representation and interoceptive awareness: cognitive, affective, and social implications. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1256811. [PMID: 37663325 PMCID: PMC10470062 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1256811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Raimo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Matteo Martini
- Department of Psychology, University of East London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cecilia Guariglia
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Santangelo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Luigi Trojano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Liana Palermo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Boccia M, Raimo S, Di Vita A, Teghil A, Palermo L. Combining the Inner Self with the Map of the Body: Evidence for White Matter Contribution to the Relation Between Interoceptive Sensibility and Nonaction-oriented Body Representation. Neuroscience 2023; 521:157-165. [PMID: 37142183 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Very recent studies on healthy individuals suggest that changes in the sensibility toward internal bodily sensations across the lifespan affect the ability to mentally represent one's body, in terms of action-oriented and nonaction-oriented body representation (BR). Little is known about the neural correlates of this relation. Here we fill this gap using the neuropsychological model provided by focal brain damage. Sixty-five patients with unilateral stroke (20 with left and 45 with right brain damage, LBD and RBD, respectively) participated in this study. Both action-oriented BR and nonaction-oriented BR were tested; interoceptive sensibility was assessed as well. First, we tested whether interoceptive sensibility predicted action-oriented BR and nonaction-oriented BR, in RBD and LBD separately. Then, a track-wise hodological lesion-deficit analysis was performed in a subsample of twenty-four patients to test the brain network supporting this relation. We found that interoceptive sensibility predicted the performances in the task tapping nonaction-oriented BR. The higher interoceptive sensibility was, the worse patients performed. This relation was associated with the disconnection probability of the corticospinal tract, the fronto-insular tract, and the pons. We expand over the previous findings on healthy individuals, supporting the idea that high levels of interoceptive sensibility negatively affect BR. Specific frontal projections and frontal u-shaped tracts may play a pivotal role in such an effect, likely affecting the development of a first-order representation of the self within the brainstem autoregulatory centers and posterior insula and of a second-order representation of the self within the anterior insula and higher-order prefrontal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Boccia
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
| | - Simona Raimo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Vita
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Teghil
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Liana Palermo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Boccia M, Teghil A, Raimo S, Di Vita A, Grossi D, Guariglia C, Palermo L. Neural substrates of interoceptive sensibility: An integrated study in normal and pathological functioning. Neuropsychologia 2023; 183:108504. [PMID: 36746344 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In early studies interoception strictly referred to the awareness of visceral sensations, but recent theories have expanded this concept to denote the ongoing status of the body, including somatosensory feelings. Here, we integrated data from normal and pathological functioning to disclose neural underpinnings of interoceptive sensibility, taking into account the crucial distinction between visceral and somatosensory feelings. Twenty-seven healthy young individuals underwent structural MRI (including T1w images and DTI). Voxel-wise analyses of the gyrification index (GI) and fractional anisotropy (FA) data were performed to assess the relation between interoceptive sensibility and surface morphometry and anatomical connectivity. Thirty-three unilateral brain-damaged patients took part in this study for Voxel-Based Lesion-Symptom Mapping (VLSM) and track-wise hodological lesion-deficit analysis (TWH). All participants completed the Self-Awareness Questionnaire (SAQ), a self-report tool assessing interoceptive sensibility of visceral (F1) and somatosensory feelings (F2). Tract-Based Spatial Statistics showed that F2 was positively associated with FA in the bilateral anterior thalamic radiation, corticospinal tract, cingulum, forceps, inferior longitudinal, fronto-occipital, superior longitudinal, and uncinate fasciculi; no significant association was detected for F1. However, F1 was positively associated with GI in the left anterior cingulate cortex. VLSM showed that F1 mainly relies on the right posterior insula, whereas F2 is related mostly to subcortical nuclei and surrounding white matter in the right hemisphere. Accordingly, patients with disconnection of the anterior thalamic projection, corticospinal tract, inferior fronto-occipital, inferior longitudinal, uncinate and superior longitudinal fasciculus III showed lower scores on F2. Overall, results support the dissociation between interoceptive sensibility of visceral and somatosensory feelings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Boccia
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia, Italy.
| | - Alice Teghil
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia, Italy
| | - Simona Raimo
- Department of Medical and Surgical in Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Vita
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Grossi
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Italy
| | - Cecilia Guariglia
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia, Italy
| | - Liana Palermo
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical in Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Italy
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Raimo S, Giorgini R, Gaita M, Costanzo A, Spitaleri D, Palermo L, Liuzza MT, Santangelo G. Sensitivity of conventional cognitive tests in multiple sclerosis: Application of item response theory. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 69:104440. [PMID: 36495845 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.104440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment (CI) is common in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and its prevalence rate ranges between 22% and 70%. Because CI significantly impacts vocational status, caregiver burden, and quality of life, an accurate neuropsychological assessment is required. Three widely used and validated batteries for MS-associated CI are the Brief Repeatable Neuropsychological Battery (BRN-B), the Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function (MACFIMS), and the Brief International Cognitive Assessment (BICAMS). Although similar, these batteries differ in time-consuming and in specific tests employed. This study aims to assess the sensitivity of cognitive tests included in these batteries through an Item Response Theory approach. METHODS Ninety-seven patients with MS and 91 demographically matched controls (HC) were consecutively assessed using the three neuropsychological batteries (i.e., BRN-B, MACFIMS, and BICAMS). Continuous Response Model (CRM) was used to identify the cognitive test(s) that best discriminate patients with MS from HC. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the accuracy of the CRM results. RESULTS Cognitive tests loaded on two different latent variables: the 'higher-order executive functioning,' consisting of tests assessing concept formation, problem-solving, and inhibitory control, and the 'memory and information processing speed,' comprising tests assessing long-term, working memory, and information processing speed. The Delis Kaplan Executive Functioning System-Sorting Test and the Stroop Test were the most sensitive tests in differentiating cognitive functioning between MS and HC. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the importance of including a more extensive executive assessment in MS clinical practice since higher-order executive functions (e.g., abstraction and inhibitory control) significantly impact patients' quality of life and functional autonomy. Clinical implications of careful dissection of executive functioning in MS neuropsychological assessment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Raimo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro 88100, Italy.
| | - Roberto Giorgini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Gaita
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Antonio Costanzo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Daniele Spitaleri
- Neurology Unit "San Giuseppe Moscati", Hospital Avellino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Liana Palermo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Marco Tullio Liuzza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Gabriella Santangelo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
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Canino S, Raimo S, Boccia M, Di Vita A, Palermo L. On the Embodiment of Social Cognition Skills: The Inner and Outer Body Processing Differently Contributes to the Affective and Cognitive Theory of Mind. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12111423. [PMID: 36358350 PMCID: PMC9688437 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12111423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A specific interpretation of embodiment assigns a central role to the body representations (BR) in cognition. In the social cognition domain, BR could be pivotal in representing others’ actions and states. However, empirical evidence on the relationship between different BR and social cognition, in terms of Theory of Mind (ToM), in the same sample of participants is missing. Here, this relationship was explored considering individual differences in the action-oriented BR (aBR), nonaction-oriented BR (NaBR), and subjective predisposition toward internal bodily sensations (interoceptive sensibility, ISe). Eighty-two healthy adults were given behavioral measures probing aBR, NaBR, ISe, and affective/cognitive ToM. The results suggest that NaBR, which mainly relies on exteroceptive signals, predicts individual differences in cognitive ToM, possibly because it can allow differentiating between the self and others. Instead, the negative association between affective ToM and ISe suggests that an alteration of the internal body state representation (i.e., over-reporting interoceptive sensations) can affect emotional processing in social contexts. The finding that distinct aspects of the body processing from within (ISe) and from the outside (NaBR) differently contribute to ToM provides empirical support to the BR role in social cognition and can be relevant for developing interventions in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Canino
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (L.P.)
| | - Simona Raimo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maddalena Boccia
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Vita
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Liana Palermo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (L.P.)
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Raimo S, d'Onofrio F, Gaita M, Costanzo A, Santangelo G. Neuropsychological correlates of theory of mind in chronic migraine. Neuropsychology 2022; 36:753-763. [PMID: 36048070 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Theory of mind (ToM), the ability to understand other minds-that is, their beliefs, intentions (cognitive ToM), or emotions (affective ToM)-and its neuropsychological mechanisms in migraine have been poorly investigated. The aim of the study was to explore the deficit of cognitive and affective ToM and its possible associations with cognitive functioning in patients with chronic migraine (CM). METHOD Forty participants with CM and 40 age-, education-, and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) underwent clinical assessment, cognitive (the ToM Pictures Sequencing Task and the Advanced Test of ToM) and affective ToM (the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task and the Emotion Attribution Task) tasks, and a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. RESULTS Patients with CM significantly reported a lower performance on tasks assessing ToM compared to HC, with an impairment demonstrated for cognitive ToM. Moreover, patients with CM achieved significantly lower scores on tests assessing cognitive flexibility, planning, abstract reasoning, and long-term memory with respect to HC. ToM abilities were significantly related to migraine severity, executive, and memory functions in CM patients. CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrated that patients with CM present difficulties in inferring others' mental states, which would be related to clinical and cognitive functioning. The clinical importance of these findings, implications for clinical practice, and future research are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Raimo S, Martini M, Guariglia C, Santangelo G, Trojano L, Palermo L. Editorial: Body Representation and Interoceptive Awareness: Cognitive, Affective, and Social Implications. Front Psychol 2022; 13:928952. [PMID: 35756245 PMCID: PMC9215357 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.928952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Raimo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Matteo Martini
- Department of Psychology, University of East London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cecilia Guariglia
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Santangelo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Luigi Trojano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Liana Palermo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Giacobbe C, Raimo S, Cropano M, Santangelo G. Neural correlates of embodied action language processing: a systematic review and meta-analytic study. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:2353-2374. [PMID: 35754077 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00680-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The neural correlates of action language processing are still debated within embodied cognition research and little is known about the flexible involvement of modality-specific pre-motor system and multimodal high-level temporo-parietal regions as a function of explicit and implicit tasks. A systematic review and the Activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analyses on functional neuroimaging studies were performed to identify neural correlates of action language processing activated during explicit and implicit tasks. The contrast ALE meta-analysis revealed activation of modality-specific premotor area and inferior frontal areas during explicit action language tasks while a greater activation of posterior temporo-occipital areas emerged for implicit tasks. The conjunction analysis revealed overlap in the temporo-parietal multimodal high-level regions for both types of tasks. Functional specialization of the middle temporal gyrus was found where the more posterior-occipital part resulted activated during implicit action language tasks whereas the antero-lateral part was involved in explicit tasks. Our findings were discussed within a conceptual flexibility perspective about the involvement of both the modality-specific and multimodal brain system during action language processing depending on different types of tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giacobbe
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Viale Ellittico, 31, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Simona Raimo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Maria Cropano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Viale Ellittico, 31, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Gabriella Santangelo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Viale Ellittico, 31, 81100, Caserta, Italy
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Raimo S, Trojano L, Gaita M, d'Onofrio F, Spitaleri D, Santangelo G. Relationship between apathy and cognitive dysfunctions in Multiple Sclerosis: a 4-year prospective longitudinal study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 63:103929. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.103929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Iona T, Raimo S, Coco D, Tortella P, Masala D, Ammendolia A, Mannocci A, La Torre G. Specialization and Injury Risk in Different Youth Sports: A Bio-Emotional Social Approach. Front Psychol 2022; 13:818739. [PMID: 35369204 PMCID: PMC8966678 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.818739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Sport specialization is an actual trend in youth athletes, but it can increase injury risk. The aim was to determine the eventual correlation between sports specialization and injury risk in various sports, using a biopsychosocial approach. Methods 169 sport-specialized athletes completed [(38 female, 131 male); overall (11.2 ± 2.7 years), (56.28 ± 15.72 kg), (161.3 ± 15.52 cm)] a self-reported questionnaire regarding sociodemographic (age, gender, educational level), physical-attitudinal, injuries and psychological-attitudinal To analyze data univariate and correlate analyses were used. Results Of 169 athletes enrolled, 53% were single-sport specialized (reported participation in one sport and trained > 8 months/year). In team sports (100%, OR = 0.75; p = 0.022) a high risk of having to remain at rest for up to 1 month because of overuse was observed. Males who suffered direct trauma (70%; OR = 1.03; p = 0.006) in the team group (95%, OR = 0.09; p = 0.008) were more exposed to that type of injury, and also the type of specialization figured significantly (p = 0.047). In addition, interoceptive awareness correlates with injury (95%, 1.04, p = 0.01). This study shows that, even though young athletes seem to be at a high risk of becoming injured, early team sport specialization and a high performance level cannot be considered to be the only risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Iona
- Department of Surgical and Medicine Science, University of Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Simona Raimo
- Department of Surgical and Medicine Science, University of Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniele Coco
- Department of Education, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Masala
- Department of Surgical and Medicine Science, University of Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Ammendolia
- Department of Surgical and Medicine Science, University of Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alice Mannocci
- Faculty of Economics, Universitas Mercatorum, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe La Torre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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Santangelo G, Raimo S, Erro R, Picillo M, Amboni M, Pellecchia MT, Pivonello C, Barone P, Vitale C. Vitamin D as a possible biomarker of mild cognitive impairment in parkinsonians. Aging Ment Health 2021; 25:1998-2002. [PMID: 33111573 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1839860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease (PD-MCI) is a transitional state between normal cognition and dementia. Cross-sectional studies revealed that low Vitamin D levels were associated with worse performance on cognitive tests in Parkinson's Disease. The present longitudinal study aimed to examine the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels at baseline and possible development of PD-MCI at 24 and 48 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty untreated, de novo PD patients underwent clinical and cognitive evaluations and measurement of serum 25(OH)D at baseline assessment (T0). After 24 (T1) and 48 months (T2), cognitive status (presence or absence of PD-MCI) of PD patients were re-evaluated. RESULTS Vitamin D insufficiency occurred in 93.3% at T0. At T1, significant differences among patients with PD-MCI at both baseline and follow-up, patients with PD-MCI at follow-up and patients who never developed PD-MCI were found on age, age at onset of PD, and education; no significant difference was found on vitamin D levels at T0. A binary logistic regression analysis showed that a lower level of 25(OH)D at T0 (B= -0.158, Wald= 5.280, p = 0.022, Exp (B)=0.854; CI 95%: 0.746-0.977) and lower education (B= -0.214, Wald= 3.859, p = 0.049, Exp (B)=0.807; CI 95%: 0652-1.000) were predictors of PD-MCI occurrence at T2. DISCUSSION Our results demonstrated that a lower level of 25(OH)D is conceivable as a biomarker of development of PD-MCI throughout the disease. Early diagnosis of Vitamin D insufficiency and its management might be useful to prevent cognitive decline in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Santangelo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Simona Raimo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Roberto Erro
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease - CEMAND, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Marina Picillo
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease - CEMAND, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Marianna Amboni
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease - CEMAND, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy.,Institute of Diagnosis and Health, IDC-Hermitage Capodimonte, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Pellecchia
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease - CEMAND, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Claudia Pivonello
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Barone
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease - CEMAND, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Carmine Vitale
- Institute of Diagnosis and Health, IDC-Hermitage Capodimonte, Naples, Italy.,Department of Motor Sciences and Wellness, University 'Parthenope', Naples, Italy
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14
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de Sire A, Marotta N, Raimo S, Lippi L, Inzitari MT, Tasselli A, Gimigliano A, Palermo L, Invernizzi M, Ammendolia A. Psychological Distress and Work Environment Perception by Physical Therapists from Southern Italy during COVID-19 Pandemic: The C.A.L.A.B.R.I.A Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:9676. [PMID: 34574600 PMCID: PMC8465841 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The psychosocial impact of the work environment during the COVID-19 pandemic on health professionals is a growing issue. The present study examined specific psychosocial work environment indicators during the COVID-19 pandemic, through a multiple regression model of a self-administered cross-sectional online survey in a cohort of physical therapists from a region of Southern Italy from March 2020 to May 2021. The questionnaire contained items on work and healthcare issues related to COVID-19. Eighty physical therapists (29 male and 51 female), mean age 32.5 ± 10.1 years, were involved in this survey. The multiple regression analysis showed that "management activity" was significantly correlated to "therapist frustration" during the COVID-19 pandemic (ΔR2 = 0.16; p < 0.03). Findings of this study underline the importance of a healthy psychosocial work environment to enhance job satisfaction of all health professionals and to avoid role conflict and burnout syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro de Sire
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.T.I.); (A.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Nicola Marotta
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.T.I.); (A.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Simona Raimo
- Laboratory of Cognitive Psychology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Lorenzo Lippi
- Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (L.L.); (M.I.)
| | - Maria Teresa Inzitari
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.T.I.); (A.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Anna Tasselli
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.T.I.); (A.T.); (A.A.)
| | | | - Liana Palermo
- Laboratory of Cognitive Psychology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Marco Invernizzi
- Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (L.L.); (M.I.)
- Translational Medicine, Dipartimento Attività Integrate Ricerca e Innovazione (DAIRI), Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Antonio Ammendolia
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.T.I.); (A.T.); (A.A.)
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15
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Manara R, Ponticorvo S, Perrotta S, Barillari MR, Costa G, Brotto D, Di Concilio R, Ciancio A, De Michele E, Carafa PA, Canna A, Russo AG, Troisi D, Caiazza M, Ammendola F, Roberti D, Santoro C, Picariello S, Valentino MS, Inserra E, Carfora R, Cirillo M, Raimo S, Santangelo G, di Salle F, Esposito F, Tartaglione I. Auditory cortex hypoperfusion: a metabolic hallmark in Beta Thalassemia. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:349. [PMID: 34353346 PMCID: PMC8340544 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01969-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sensorineural hearing loss in beta-thalassemia is common and it is generally associated with iron chelation therapy. However, data are scarce, especially on adult populations, and a possible involvement of the central auditory areas has not been investigated yet. We performed a multicenter cross-sectional audiological and single-center 3Tesla brain perfusion MRI study enrolling 77 transfusion-dependent/non transfusion-dependent adult patients and 56 healthy controls. Pure tone audiometry, demographics, clinical/laboratory and cognitive functioning data were recorded. Results Half of patients (52%) presented with high-frequency hearing deficit, with overt hypoacusia (Pure Tone Average (PTA) > 25 dB) in 35%, irrespective of iron chelation or clinical phenotype. Bilateral voxel clusters of significant relative hypoperfusion were found in the auditory cortex of beta-thalassemia patients, regardless of clinical phenotype. In controls and transfusion-dependent (but not in non-transfusion-dependent) patients, the relative auditory cortex perfusion values increased linearly with age (p < 0.04). Relative auditory cortex perfusion values showed a significant U-shaped correlation with PTA values among hearing loss patients, and a linear correlation with the full scale intelligence quotient (right side p = 0.01, left side p = 0.02) with its domain related to communication skills (right side p = 0.04, left side p = 0.07) in controls but not in beta-thalassemia patients. Audiometric test results did not correlate to cognitive test scores in any subgroup. Conclusions In conclusion, primary auditory cortex perfusion changes are a metabolic hallmark of adult beta-thalassemia, thus suggesting complex remodeling of the hearing function, that occurs regardless of chelation therapy and before clinically manifest hearing loss. The cognitive impact of perfusion changes is intriguing but requires further investigations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-021-01969-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo Manara
- Neuroradiology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Sara Ponticorvo
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Scuola Medica Salernitana, Università di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Silverio Perrotta
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e della Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 4, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | - Angela Ciancio
- Unità Operativa Ematologia - Day Hospital di Talassemia, Ospedale "Madonna Delle Grazie", Matera, Italy
| | - Elisa De Michele
- Medicina Trasfusionale AUO "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona", Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Antonietta Canna
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Scuola Medica Salernitana, Università di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Andrea Gerardo Russo
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Scuola Medica Salernitana, Università di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Donato Troisi
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Scuola Medica Salernitana, Università di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Martina Caiazza
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e della Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 4, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Ammendola
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e della Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 4, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Roberti
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e della Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 4, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Santoro
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e della Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 4, 80138, Naples, Italy.,Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Picariello
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e della Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 4, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Sole Valentino
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e della Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 4, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuela Inserra
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e della Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 4, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Carfora
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e della Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 4, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Cirillo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Raimo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Caserta, Italy
| | - Gabriella Santangelo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Caserta, Italy
| | - Francesco di Salle
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Scuola Medica Salernitana, Università di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Esposito
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Scuola Medica Salernitana, Università di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.,Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Tartaglione
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e della Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 4, 80138, Naples, Italy
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16
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Raimo S, Di Vita A, Boccia M, Iona T, Cropano M, Gaita M, Guariglia C, Grossi D, Palermo L. The Body across the Lifespan: On the Relation between Interoceptive Sensibility and High-Order Body Representations. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11040493. [PMID: 33924634 PMCID: PMC8070580 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11040493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Interoceptive information plays a pivotal role in building higher-order cognitive body representations (BR) that neuropsychological and neuroimaging evidence classifies as action-oriented (i.e., body schema) or non-action-oriented (i.e., visuo-spatial body map). This study aimed to explore the development of BR, considering the association with the interoceptive sensibility throughout the lifespan. Methods: Two hundred thirty-nine healthy participants divided into five age groups (7 to 8 years; 9 to 10 years; 18 to 40 years; 41 to 60 years; over 60 years) completed a self-report measure of interoceptive sensibility (the Self-Awareness Questionnaire; SAQ) and were given tasks assessing the two BR (action-oriented: hand laterality task; non-action-oriented: frontal body evocation task). Results: Both children (7–8 and 9–10 years) and older adults (over 60 years) performed worse than young (18–40 years) and middle-aged adults (41–60 years) in action- and non-action-oriented BR tasks. Moderation analyses showed that the SAQ score significantly moderated the relationship between age and action-oriented BR. Conclusions: The current results are consistent with inverted U-shaped developmental curves for action- and non-action-oriented BR. As an innovative aspect, the ability to mentally represent one’s own body parts in diverse states could be negatively affected by higher interoceptive sensibility levels in childhood and late adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Raimo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.C.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (L.P.); Tel.: +39-0961-3694362 (L.P.)
| | - Antonella Di Vita
- Department of Human Neuroscience, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maddalena Boccia
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (C.G.)
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Iona
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University ‘Magna Graecia’ of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Maria Cropano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Mariachiara Gaita
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University ‘Magna Graecia’ of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Cecilia Guariglia
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (C.G.)
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Grossi
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Liana Palermo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University ‘Magna Graecia’ of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (L.P.); Tel.: +39-0961-3694362 (L.P.)
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17
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Raimo S, Boccia M, Di Vita A, Cropano M, Guariglia C, Grossi D, Palermo L. The Body Across Adulthood: On the Relation Between Interoception and Body Representations. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:586684. [PMID: 33716641 PMCID: PMC7943607 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.586684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Interoceptive information plays a pivotal role in building body representations (BR), but the association between interoception and the different types of BR in healthy individuals has never been systematically investigated. Thus, this study aimed to explore the association between BR and interoceptive sensibility (IS) throughout adulthood. One hundred thirty-seven healthy participants (50 aged from 18 to 40 years old; 50 aged from 41 to 60 years old; and 37 over 60 years old) were given a self-report tool for assessing IS (the Self-Awareness Questionnaire; SAQ), and a specific battery including tasks evaluating three different BR (i.e., the body schema, using the Hand Laterality Task; the body structural representation, using the Frontal Body Evocation task, FBE; and body semantics, using the Object-Body Part Association Task) as well as control tasks (i.e., tasks with non-body stimuli). The older age group (aged over 60 years old) showed lower performances on the tasks probing the body schema and body structural representation than younger groups (aged 18 to 40 and 41 to 60 years old). More interestingly, worse performances on a task assessing the body schema were significantly associated with higher IS with older age, suggesting that higher awareness of one's inner body sensations would decrease the plasticity of this BR. These findings are interpreted according to the neuropsychological model of BR development and the effects of aging on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Raimo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Maddalena Boccia
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Vita
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cropano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Cecilia Guariglia
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Grossi
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Liana Palermo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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18
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Tartaglione I, Manara R, di Concilio R, Quarta A, Ruffo GB, De Michele E, Ammendola F, Foderini MV, Raimo S, Santangelo G, Perrotta S. Non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia in Italy: less blues, no role of reds. Ann Hematol 2021; 101:241-242. [PMID: 33543387 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-021-04444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Tartaglione
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luigi de Crecchio 4, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Renzo Manara
- Neuroradiology, Dept of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Quarta
- Microcythemia Center, Haematology with Transplant Unit, "A. Perrino" Hospital, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Giovan Battista Ruffo
- U.O. Ematologia con Talassemia, ARNAS Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli, Palermo, Italy
| | - Elisa De Michele
- Medicina Trasfusionale, AUO "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona", Salerno, Italy
| | - Federica Ammendola
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luigi de Crecchio 4, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Foderini
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luigi de Crecchio 4, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Raimo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Gabriella Santangelo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Silverio Perrotta
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luigi de Crecchio 4, 80138, Naples, Italy
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19
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with a high prevalence of emotional and mood disorders. Emotional disorders may worsen during illness progression and affect the quality of life of patients and their families. MS is often associated with depression, with an increased risk of suicide, poor adherence to treatment, decreased functional status, and quality of life. The diagnosis and treatment of emotional and mood disorders in these patients is often challenging since several symptoms of these disorders overlap with those of MS. Other prevalent emotional disorders in MS include bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, emotional blunting (apathy), and pseudobulbar affect. Early recognition and treatment of these comorbidities could contribute to the reduction of disability and even to decreased mortality. The aim of this chapter is to provide an up-to-date review of mood and emotional disorders that are often associated with MS, focusing on their epidemiology, clinical features, pathogenesis, assessment, and treatment. The interplay between the psychosocial impact of the chronic disability and the demyelinating structural lesions of the brain in precipitating emotional and mood disorders is discussed, as well as its implications for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Raimo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Santangelo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Luigi Trojano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
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20
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Raimo S, Cropano M, Trojano L, Santangelo G. The neural basis of gambling disorder: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 120:279-302. [PMID: 33275954 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous imaging studies suggested that impairments of prefrontal-striatal and limbic circuits are correlated to excessive gambling. However, the neural underpinnings of gambling disorder (GD) continue to be the topic of debate. The present study aimed to identify structural changes in GD and differentiate the specific brain activity patterns associated with decision-making and reward-processing. We performed a systematic review complemented by Activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analyses on morphometric and functional studies on neural correlates of GD. The ALE meta-analysis on structural studies revealed that patients with GD showed significant cortical grey-matter thinning in the right ventrolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortex compared to healthy subjects. The ALE meta-analyses on functional studies revealed that patients with GD showed a significant hyperactivation in the medial prefrontal cortex and in the right ventral striatum during decision-making and gain processing compared to healthy subjects. These findings suggest that GD is related to an alteration of brain mechanisms underlying top-down control and appraisal of gambling-related stimuli and provided indications to develop new interventions in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Raimo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Cropano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Luigi Trojano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Gabriella Santangelo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.
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21
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Boccia M, Raimo S, Di Vita A, Battisti A, Matano A, Guariglia C, Grossi D, Palermo L. Topological and hodological aspects of body representation in right brain damaged patients. Neuropsychologia 2020; 148:107637. [PMID: 32980373 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The triadic taxonomy posits that three distinct types of body representations do exist, namely the body schema (BS), which corresponds to the representation derived from multiple sensory and motor inputs, the body structural representation (BSR), which corresponds to the structural description of spatial relations among the body parts, and the body semantics (SEM), which corresponds to the lexical-semantic representation of the body. Although several studies have assessed neural correlates of these representations, no study has compared them in brain-damaged patients, controlling for deficits in other cognitive domains. Also, little is known about the contribution of the right hemisphere to different body representations. Here we used a computerized battery to test these three body representations in twenty-six right brain damaged patients, controlling for other cognitive deficits by means of tests tapping similar spatial and lexical processes on non-body related stimuli. Residual scores corresponding to the BS, the BSR and the SEM were used to test neural correlates, which were assessed by integrating topological and hodological approaches to lesion-deficit analyses. We found that the BSR was associated with lesion of the superior temporal gyrus, the insula, the supramarginal gyrus and the temporo-parietal junction, extending also to the Rolandic operculum and the inferior frontal gyrus. Also, it was associated with the disconnection probability of the posterior arcuate segment. The BS was associated with a small cluster of voxels in the precentral and postcentral gyri, whereas the SEM was associated with white matter lesion at the boundary between the parietal and temporal lobes. Overall, these results provide strong support to the regional and connectional contribution of the right hemisphere to body representation, and more specifically to the BSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Boccia
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy; Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
| | - Simona Raimo
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Vita
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy; Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Battisti
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cecilia Guariglia
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy; Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Grossi
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Liana Palermo
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Di Vita A, Cinelli MC, Raimo S, Boccia M, Buratin S, Gentili P, Inzitari MT, Iona T, Iosa M, Morelli D, Ruggeri F, Russo G, Guariglia C, Palermo L. Body Representations in Children with Cerebral Palsy. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E490. [PMID: 32731526 PMCID: PMC7463564 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10080490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We constantly process top-down and bottom-up inputs concerning our own body that interact to form body representations (BR). Even if some evidence showed BR deficits in children with cerebral palsy, a systematic study that evaluates different kinds of BR in these children, taking into account the possible presence of a general deficit affecting non-body mental representations, is currently lacking. Here we aimed at investigating BR (i.e., Body Semantics, Body Structural Representation and Body Schema) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) taking into account performance in tasks involving body stimuli and performance in tasks involving non-body stimuli. Thirty-three CP (age range: 5-12 years) were compared with a group of 103 typically-developing children (TDC), matched for age and sex. 63.64% of children with CP showed a very poor performance in body representation processing. Present data also show alterations in different body representations in CP in specific developmental stages. In particular, CP and TDC performances did not differ between 5 to 7 years old, whereas CP between 8 and 12 years old showed deficits in the Body Structural Representation and Body Schema but not in Body Semantics. These findings revealed the importance of taking into account the overall development of cognitive domains when investigating specific stimuli processing in children who do not present a typical development and were discussed in terms of their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Di Vita
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.C.C.); (M.B.); (C.G.)
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy; (S.R.); (P.G.); (M.I.); (D.M.); (F.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Maria Cristina Cinelli
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.C.C.); (M.B.); (C.G.)
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy; (S.R.); (P.G.); (M.I.); (D.M.); (F.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Simona Raimo
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy; (S.R.); (P.G.); (M.I.); (D.M.); (F.R.); (L.P.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.T.I.); (T.I.)
| | - Maddalena Boccia
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.C.C.); (M.B.); (C.G.)
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy; (S.R.); (P.G.); (M.I.); (D.M.); (F.R.); (L.P.)
| | | | - Paola Gentili
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy; (S.R.); (P.G.); (M.I.); (D.M.); (F.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Maria Teresa Inzitari
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.T.I.); (T.I.)
| | - Teresa Iona
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.T.I.); (T.I.)
| | - Marco Iosa
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy; (S.R.); (P.G.); (M.I.); (D.M.); (F.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Daniela Morelli
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy; (S.R.); (P.G.); (M.I.); (D.M.); (F.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Francesco Ruggeri
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy; (S.R.); (P.G.); (M.I.); (D.M.); (F.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Giuseppina Russo
- ASP di Catanzaro, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neuropsichiatria Infantile, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Cecilia Guariglia
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.C.C.); (M.B.); (C.G.)
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy; (S.R.); (P.G.); (M.I.); (D.M.); (F.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Liana Palermo
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy; (S.R.); (P.G.); (M.I.); (D.M.); (F.R.); (L.P.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.T.I.); (T.I.)
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Raimo S, Iona T, Di Vita A, Boccia M, Buratin S, Ruggeri F, Iosa M, Guariglia C, Grossi D, Palermo L. The development of body representations in school-aged children. Appl Neuropsychol Child 2019; 10:327-339. [PMID: 31860374 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2019.1703704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Following the triadic taxonomy, three different body representations do exist, namely the body semantics, the body structural representation and the body schema. The development of these body representations has been widely investigated in toddlers, but several issues remain to be addressed in school age. To assess age- and gender-related changes in different body representations and to investigate the presence of different patterns of interplay between these representations of the body, 90 children (age range: 7-10) and 37 young adults (age range: 18-35) were given tasks assessing the body semantics, the body structural representation and the body schema as well as control tasks. The present results suggested that the body schema, evaluated by means of hand laterality judgments, was still not completely developed in school-aged children, whereas the body structural representation reached an adult-like pattern by the age of 9-10 years. Finally, body semantics was fully developed in school-aged children. These findings were discussed in terms of their theoretical implications, for a better understanding of body representation development; also, implications for clinical assessment of body representation disorders were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Raimo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Iona
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Vita
- I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maddalena Boccia
- I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco Iosa
- I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Guariglia
- I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Grossi
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Liana Palermo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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Raimo S, Trojano L, Gaita M, Spitaleri D, Santangelo G. Assessing apathy in multiple sclerosis: Validation of the dimensional apathy scale and comparison with apathy evaluation scale. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 38:101870. [PMID: 31830701 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.101870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apathy is a predictor of cognitive decline in the course of multiple sclerosis (MS). Early identification of apathetic patients is relevant in clinical settings. OBJECTIVE To assess applicability and psychometric properties of the self-rated version of the Dimensional Apathy Scale (DAS) in a large cohort of patients with MS and to compare its diagnosing accuracy with that of the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES). METHODS One hundred and twenty-four patients underwent clinical interview based on diagnostic criteria for apathy, DAS, AES, and assessment of depression, global cognitive functioning, and non-verbal intelligence. RESULTS According to diagnostic criteria, apathy occurred in 33.4% of the patients. The DAS showed high consistency, and good convergent, discriminant and criterion validity. Factor analysis indicated a three-factor structure: executive, behavioural and emotional apathy. Unlike AES, no significant association between DAS score and severity of neurological disability (expressed by EDSS total score) was found, suggesting that the DAS might be less related to levels of disability. Receiver operating characteristics analyses, with clinical diagnostic criteria for apathy as the gold standard, revealed that a DAS score of 28/29 and an AES score of 35/36 were optimal cut-off values for identifying clinically relevant apathy. The two scales had similar diagnostic accuracy in the present sample. CONCLUSIONS The DAS is a valid and reliable multidimensional tool to assess apathy in MS, with diagnostic accuracy similar to that of the AES. However, the DAS score appears to be less strongly related to neurological disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Raimo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Viale Ellittico, 31, Caserta 81100, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - L Trojano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Viale Ellittico, 31, Caserta 81100, Italy
| | - M Gaita
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Viale Ellittico, 31, Caserta 81100, Italy
| | - D Spitaleri
- Neurology Unit "San Giuseppe Moscati," Hospital Avellino, Avellino, Italy
| | - G Santangelo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Viale Ellittico, 31, Caserta 81100, Italy.
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Raimo S, Trojano L, Gaita M, Spitaleri D, Santangelo G. High openness and high extroversion are linked with better time-based prospective memory in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 2019; 266:2665-2671. [PMID: 31312957 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09460-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective memory (PM) deficits are often reported in multiple sclerosis (MS), but their relationship with neuropsychological characteristics and personality traits remains to be explored. OBJECTIVE To systematically investigate both time-based and event-based PM abilities in a sample of MS without clinically relevant disability or global cognitive decline and to explore cognitive, neuropsychiatric characteristics and personality traits associated with PM deficits. METHODS Thirty-three patients with MS and 33 healthy individuals were enrolled in the study. All participants underwent a standardized measure of PM to evaluate both time-based and event-based PM. Moreover, patients with MS completed the Brief Repeatable Battery to assess cognitive functioning, the Beck Depression Inventory-II and the Dimensional Apathy Scale to assess neuropsychiatric characteristics, and the NEO Personality Inventory-3 to assess personality traits. RESULTS Individuals with MS demonstrated impaired time-based PM compared to healthy individuals. The regression analysis showed that poor performance in time-based PM was significantly related to lower extroversion and openness traits, whereas poor performance in event-based PM was significantly related to lower visuospatial memory abilities. CONCLUSIONS Low levels of openness and extroversion traits are associated with a greater risk of developing time-based PM deficit. Therefore, personality assessment and behavioural interventions should be encouraged in MS clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Raimo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Viale Ellittico, 31, 81100, Caserta, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Trojano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Viale Ellittico, 31, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Gaita
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Viale Ellittico, 31, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Daniele Spitaleri
- Neurology Unit "San Giuseppe Moscati", Hospital Avellino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Gabriella Santangelo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Viale Ellittico, 31, 81100, Caserta, Italy.
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D'Iorio A, Garramone F, Piscopo F, Baiano C, Raimo S, Santangelo G. Meta-Analysis of Personality Traits in Alzheimer's Disease: A Comparison with Healthy Subjects. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:773-787. [PMID: 29480186 PMCID: PMC5842787 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of specific personality traits as factor risks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been consistently found, whereas personality traits specifically related to AD (after the diagnosis) have not been outlined yet. OBJECTIVE A meta-analysis of published studies was performed to determine whether AD patients have a distinctive personality trait profile compared to healthy subjects (HC), similar to or different from a premorbid personality profile consistently reported in previous studies. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using PsycInfo (PROQUEST), PubMed, and Scopus. The meta-analysis pooled results from primary studies using Hedges' g unbiased approach. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 10 primary studies and revealed that, when the personality was evaluated by informant-rated measures, AD patients had significantly higher levels of Neuroticism, lower levels of Openness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Extraversion than HCs. When the personality was evaluated by self-rated measures, the results obtained from informants were confirmed for Neuroticism, Openness, and Extraversion but not for Agreeableness and Conscientiousness where AD patients and HCs achieved similar scores. CONCLUSIONS The meta-analysis revealed that high Neuroticism and low Openness and Extraversion are distinctive personality traits significantly associated with a diagnosis of AD when evaluated both self-rated and informant-rated measures. This personality trait profile is similar to premorbid one, which contributes to development of AD over time. Therefore, our findings indirectly support the idea of specific premorbid personality traits as harbingers of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonsina D'Iorio
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Federica Garramone
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Fausta Piscopo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Chiara Baiano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Simona Raimo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Gabriella Santangelo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
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Abstract
Background: Behavioral symptoms, such as apathy and depression, are common in multiple sclerosis (MS) but their relationship with cognitive and clinical characteristics often remains underinvestigated and not monitored over time. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the evolution of cognitive profile of patients affected by MS in relation to apathy and depression using a 2-year follow-up study. Methods: Two years after the first assessment, 100 of 125 MS patients were re-evaluated on a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, and on specific scales for assessment of apathy (Apathy Evaluation Scale—Self-reported) and depression (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale). Results: After 2 years (T1), we found a relatively consistent prevalence of apathy (about 40%) and a reduction in prevalence of depression (from 44% to 30%). Higher level of apathy at baseline predicted the progressive cognitive changes at follow-up; and patients with apathy without depression (“pure” apathy) than patients without apathy had poorer performance on the interference task of the Stroop test assessing inhibitory control. Conclusion: The present results suggested that apathy in MS was associated with more severe executive dysfunctions (in particular cognitive control). Apathy rather than depression predicted cognitive impairment in MS over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Raimo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy/ Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,” Caserta, Italy
| | - Daniele Spitaleri
- Neurology Unit “San Giuseppe Moscati,” Hospital Avellino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Luigi Trojano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,” Caserta, Italy/ Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme, Telese Terme, Italy
| | - Gabriella Santangelo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,” Caserta, Italy
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Santangelo G, Garramone F, Baiano C, D'Iorio A, Raimo S, Vitale C. Reply to Zappia et al.'s comment on personality and Parkinson's Disease: A meta-analysis. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Santangelo G, Garramone F, Baiano C, D'Iorio A, Piscopo F, Raimo S, Vitale C. Personality and Parkinson's disease: A meta-analysis. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018; 49:67-74. [PMID: 29358028 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Personality changes are considered pre-motor features of Parkinson's disease (PD). Cross-sectional studies revealed that PD patients were more introvert, apprehensive, and cautious than healthy subjects (HS), whereas other studies failed to disclose these behavioural traits. Some studies found mixed results concerning Novelty Seeking (NS) and Harm Avoidance (HA) profiles in PD patients. To better clarify the personality profile in PD we performed a meta-analysis on studies exploring such topic according to both Cloninger's Psychobiological Model (PM) and Big Five Model (BFM) METHODS: The meta-analysis included 17 studies evaluating the personality in PD patients compared with HS. The outcomes were the dimensions of the temperament and character of the PM and personality traits of BFM. Effect sizes from data reported in the primary studies were computed using Hedges'g unbiased approach. Heterogeneity among the studies and publication bias were assessed. Meta-regressions were conducted with age at evaluation, gender, schooling, and type of personality trait tools as moderators. RESULTS As for PM, PD patients scored higher on HA and lower on NS than HS. No difference was found on Reward Dependence, Perseverance/Persistence and on character level. As for BFM, higher levels of Neuroticism, but lower levels of Openness and Extraversion were associated with PD. DISCUSSION The personality profile in PD is characterized by high Neuroticism and HA, and by low Openness, Extraversion and NS. The personality profile delineated in the present study on PD patients seems to reflect the premorbid one and might contribute to development and persistence of affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Santangelo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy.
| | - Federica Garramone
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Chiara Baiano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Alfonsina D'Iorio
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Fausta Piscopo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Simona Raimo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Carmine Vitale
- Department of Motor Sciences and Wellness, University "Parthenope", Naples, Italy; Institute of Diagnosis and Health, IDC-Hermitage Capodimonte, Naples, Italy
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Raimo S, Trojano L, Pappacena S, Alaia R, Spitaleri D, Grossi D, Santangelo G. Neuropsychological correlates of theory of mind deficits in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neuropsychology 2017; 31:811-821. [DOI: 10.1037/neu0000372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Tessitore A, Santangelo G, De Micco R, Giordano A, Raimo S, Amboni M, Esposito F, Barone P, Tedeschi G, Vitale C. Resting-state brain networks in patients with Parkinson's disease and impulse control disorders. Cortex 2017; 94:63-72. [PMID: 28715675 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To investigate intrinsic neural networks connectivity changes in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with and without impulse control disorders (ICD). METHODS Fifteen patients with PD with ICD (ICD+), 15 patients with PD without ICD (ICD-) and 24 age and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) were enrolled in the study. To identify patients with and without ICD and/or punding, we used the Minnesota Impulsive Disorders Interview (MIDI) and a clinical interview based on diagnostic criteria for each symptom. All patients underwent a detailed neuropsychological evaluation. Whole brain structural and functional imaging was performed on a 3T GE MR scanner. Statistical analysis of functional data was completed using BrainVoyager QX software. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to test whether between-group differences in resting-state connectivity were related to structural abnormalities. RESULTS The presence of ICD symptoms was associated with an increased connectivity within the salience and default-mode networks, as well as with a decreased connectivity within the central executive network (p < .05 corrected). ICD severity was correlated with both salience and default mode networks connectivity changes only in the ICD+ group. VBM analysis did not reveal any statistically significant differences in local grey matter volume between ICD+ and ICD- patients and between all patients and HC (p < .05. FWE). CONCLUSIONS The presence of a disrupted connectivity within the three core neurocognitive networks may be considered as a potential neural correlate of ICD presence in patients with PD. Our findings provide additional insights into the mechanisms underlying ICD in PD, confirming the crucial role of an abnormal prefrontal-limbic-striatal homeostasis in their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Tessitore
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy; MRI Research Center SUN-FISM, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Santangelo
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy; Istituto di Diagnosi e Cura Hermitage-Capodimonte, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa De Micco
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy; MRI Research Center SUN-FISM, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Giordano
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy; MRI Research Center SUN-FISM, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Raimo
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Marianna Amboni
- Istituto di Diagnosi e Cura Hermitage-Capodimonte, Naples, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Esposito
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Paolo Barone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Tedeschi
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy; MRI Research Center SUN-FISM, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Vitale
- Istituto di Diagnosi e Cura Hermitage-Capodimonte, Naples, Italy; Department of Motor Sciences and Health, University of Parthenope, Naples, Italy
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Santangelo G, Raimo S, Barone P. The relationship between Impulse Control Disorders and cognitive dysfunctions in Parkinson's Disease: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 77:129-147. [PMID: 28242338 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Impulse Control Disorders (ICD) are associated with impairment in cognitive flexibility and cortical inhibition. In Parkinson's Disease (PD) the relationship between ICD and cognitive dysfunctions is still unclear: some studies found different cognitive profiles between Parkinsonians with and without ICD, whereas others did not. Moreover, findings from studies on ICD in PD are conflicting on which cognitive function is altered. A meta-analysis of 34 studies was performed to shed light on relationship between ICD and cognitive dysfunctions and to reveal the cognitive function compromised in Parkinsonians with ICD. Data were analysed in global cognitive functioning, memory, executive functions, attention/working memory, language, and visuospatial functions. Significant relationship between ICD and dysfunction of abstraction ability/concept formation, set-shifting, visuospatial/constructional abilities and decision-making was found. These findings suggested that people affected by PD with specific frontal dysfunctions are more vulnerable to develop ICD when they take antiparkinsonian drug. Evaluation of specific cognitive functions in routine clinical practice might help to detect those people with PD susceptible to ICD before treating them with antiparkinsonian drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Santangelo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy.
| | - Simona Raimo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Paolo Barone
- Department of Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), University of Salerno, Italy
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Raimo S, Trojano L, Spitaleri D, Petretta V, Grossi D, Santangelo G. The relationships between apathy and executive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. Neuropsychology 2016; 30:767-74. [DOI: 10.1037/neu0000279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Tessitore A, Santangelo G, De Micco R, Vitale C, Giordano A, Raimo S, Corbo D, Amboni M, Barone P, Tedeschi G. Cortical thickness changes in patients with Parkinson's disease and impulse control disorders. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2016; 24:119-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Siciliano M, Raimo S, Tufano D, Basile G, Grossi D, Santangelo F, Trojano L, Santangelo G. The Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R) and its sub-scores: normative values in an Italian population sample. Neurol Sci 2015; 37:385-92. [PMID: 26563847 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-015-2410-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R) is a rapid screening battery, including five sub-scales to explore different cognitive domains: attention/orientation, memory, fluency, language and visuospatial. ACE-R is considered useful in discriminating cognitively normal subjects from patients with mild dementia. The aim of present study was to provide normative values for ACE-R total score and sub-scale scores in a large sample of Italian healthy subjects. Five hundred twenty-six Italian healthy subjects (282 women and 246 men) of different ages (age range 20-93 years) and educational level (from primary school to university) underwent ACE-R and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age and education significantly influenced performance on ACE-R total score and sub-scale scores. A significant effect of gender was found only in sub-scale attention/orientation. From the derived linear equation, a correction grid for raw scores was built. Inferential cut-offs score were estimated using a non-parametric technique and equivalent scores (ES) were computed. Correlation analysis showed a good significant correlation between ACE-R adjusted scores with MoCA adjusted scores (r = 0.612, p < 0.001). The present study provided normative data for the ACE-R in an Italian population useful for both clinical and research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Siciliano
- Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy
| | - Simona Raimo
- Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy
| | - Dario Tufano
- Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Basile
- Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy
| | - Dario Grossi
- Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy
| | - Franco Santangelo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Trojano
- Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy. .,Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Scientific Institute of Telese, Telese Terme, BN, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Santangelo
- Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy. .,IDC-Hermitage-Capodimonte, Naples, Italy.
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Raimo S, Trojano L, Spitaleri D, Petretta V, Grossi D, Santangelo G. Psychometric properties of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale in multiple sclerosis. Qual Life Res 2015; 24:1973-80. [PMID: 25669154 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-015-0940-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is frequently associated with depressive symptoms and major depression. OBJECTIVE We assessed psychometric properties of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS, 17-item version) for assessing depressive symptomatology in a sample of MS patients. METHODS Seventy patients (aged 43.3 ± 10.3 years) completed the HDRS and a thorough clinical and neuropsychological assessment, including diagnosis of major depression according to the established clinical criteria. RESULTS HDRS was easy to administer and acceptable, and showed fair internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.8). The HDRS showed good convergent validity with respect to neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) subdomain of depression (r rho = .85) and good divergent validity with respect to remaining NPI subdomains (r rho < .30). Moreover, HDRS's total score correlated moderately with functional disability and apathetic symptomatology, and poorly with general cognitive status. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis demonstrated that a cutoff >14.5 can identify clinically relevant depressive symptoms with good sensitivity (93 %) and specificity (97 %) with respect to the diagnosis of major depression. Such a cutoff identified clinically relevant depressive symptoms in 42 % of our MS sample, whereas 44.2 % patients met established clinical criteria for major depression. CONCLUSION The HDRS can be considered as an easy, reliable, and valid tool to assess depressive symptomatology for clinical and research purposes in non-demented MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Raimo
- Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Viale Ellittico, 31, Caserta, Italy
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Raimo S, Trojano L, Spitaleri D, Petretta V, Grossi D, Santangelo G. Apathy in multiple sclerosis: a validation study of the apathy evaluation scale. J Neurol Sci 2014; 347:295-300. [PMID: 25455303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apathy is defined as lack of motivation affecting cognitive, emotional, and behavioral domains and is usually assessed by standardized scales, such as the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES). Recently, apathy has been recognized as a frequent behavioral symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS). OBJECTIVE To evaluate applicability and clinical-metric properties of AES in MS and the agreement between patients' and caregivers' evaluation of apathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy non-demented MS patients underwent a thorough clinical and neuropsychological assessment, including evaluation of apathy according to established clinical criteria. All patients also completed the self-report version of AES (AES-S). RESULTS AES-S was easy to administer and acceptable, and showed fair internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha, α=0.87). The factorial analysis identified three factors, representing the cognitive dimension (α=0.87), a general aspect of apathy (α=0.84), and the behavioral-emotional aspects (α=0.74), respectively. The factors were significantly correlated with the total AES score (all rrho≥0.73, p<0.001). The total AES score showed fair convergent validity (rrho=0.38) and discriminant validity when compared to Expanded Disability Status Scale (rrho=0.38), Mini Mental State Examination (rrho=-0.17), and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (rrho=0.37). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that a cutoff>35.5 can identify clinically significant apathy with good sensitivity (88%) and specificity (72%); such a cutoff identified apathy in 35.7% of our sample of non-demented MS patients. Total AES score was significantly correlated with reduced global cognitive efficiency and more severe frontal executive dysfunctions. CONCLUSION AES-S can be considered as an easy and reliable tool to assess apathy in non-demented MS. The use of AES-S in non-demented MS patients is clinically important since apathy is relatively frequent and is correlated to more severe cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Raimo
- Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy
| | - Luigi Trojano
- Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy; Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme, Italy.
| | | | | | - Dario Grossi
- Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy
| | - Gabriella Santangelo
- Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy; IDC Hermitage Capodimonte, Naples, Italy
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Santangelo G, Barone P, Cuoco S, Raimo S, Pezzella D, Picillo M, Erro R, Moccia M, Pellecchia MT, Amboni M, Santangelo F, Grossi D, Trojano L, Vitale C. Erratum to: Apathy in untreated, de novo patients with Parkinson’s disease: validation study of Apathy Evaluation Scale. J Neurol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-014-7525-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Santangelo G, Barone P, Cuoco S, Raimo S, Pezzella D, Picillo M, Erro R, Moccia M, Pellecchia MT, Amboni M, Santangelo F, Franco S, Grossi D, Trojano L, Vitale C. Apathy in untreated, de novo patients with Parkinson's disease: validation study of Apathy Evaluation Scale. J Neurol 2014; 261:2319-28. [PMID: 25228003 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-014-7498-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Apathy is a behavioural disturbance occurring alone or in concomitance with depression in Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we present a validation study for the self-report version of the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES-S), carried out in a sample of 60 non-demented, non-depressed untreated, drug-naïve, de novo PD patients; 20 patients of the sample (33.3%) were classified as apathetic according to current clinical criteria. All enrolled patients completed the AES-S and a neurological and cognitive assessment. Mean AES-S score was 34.43. AES-S did not show floor or ceiling effect. Cronbach's alpha was 0.872. Principal component analysis revealed three factors: the first (34.4% of the variance) represented constitutive aspects of the construct of apathy; the second (8.5% of the variance) represented a social dimension; the third factor (7.9% of the variance) represented a dimension related to insight. With respect to clinical criteria for apathy considered as the gold standard, receiver operating characteristics curve analysis showed that a cut-off of 36/37 has the maximum discrimination power. High sensitivity and negative predictive values were obtained with cut-off scores of 33/34 or lower; high specificity and positive predictive values were obtained with cut-off scores of 38/39 or higher. AES-S score correlated with scores on frontal tasks, but not on Beck Depression Inventory, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Hoehn and Yahr scale. The AES-S is a reliable and valid questionnaire for detecting apathy in PD. For screening purposes a 33/34 cut-off score is indicated, but a 38/39 cut-off score is necessary when a high specificity is desired.
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