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Aloi M, Liuzza MT, Rania M, Carbone EA, de Filippis R, Gearhardt AN, Segura-Garcia C. Using latent class analysis to identify different clinical profiles according to food addiction symptoms in obesity with and without binge eating disorder. J Behav Addict 2024; 13:262-275. [PMID: 38276994 PMCID: PMC10988405 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2023.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Existing research suggests that food addiction (FA) is associated with binge eating disorder (BED) and obesity, but the clinical significance of this relationship remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the different clinical profiles of FA symptoms among patients who have obesity with/without BED using latent class analysis (LCA). Methods 307 patients (n = 152 obesity and BED, n = 155 obesity without BED) completed a battery of self-report measures investigating eating psychopathology, depression, emotional dysregulation, alexithymia, schema domains, and FA. LCA and ANOVAs were conducted to identify profiles according to FA symptoms and examine differences between classes. Results LCA identified five meaningful classes labeled as the "non-addicted" (40.4%), the "attempters" (20.2%), the "interpersonal problems" (7.2%), the "high-functioning addicted" (19.5%) and the "fully addicted" (12.7%) classes. Patients with BED and obesity appeared overrepresented in the "high-functioning addicted" and "fully addicted" classes; conversely, patients with obesity without BED were most frequently included in the "non-addicted" class. The most significant differences between the "high-functioning addicted" and "fully addicted" classes versus the "non-addicted" class regarded heightened severity of eating and general psychopathology. Discussion and conclusions The results bring to light distinct clinical profiles based on FA symptoms. Notably, the "high-functioning addicted" class is particularly intriguing as its members demonstrate physical symptoms of FA (i.e., tolerance and withdrawal) and psychological ones (i.e., craving and consequences) but are not as functionally impaired as the "fully addicted" class. Identifying different profiles according to FA symptoms holds potential value in providing tailored and timely interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Aloi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marco Tullio Liuzza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marianna Rania
- Outpatient Unit for Clinical Research and Treatment of Eating Disorders, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elvira Anna Carbone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Italy
- Outpatient Unit for Clinical Research and Treatment of Eating Disorders, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Renato de Filippis
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Segura-Garcia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Italy
- Outpatient Unit for Clinical Research and Treatment of Eating Disorders, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
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2
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Andrighetto G, Szekely A, Guido A, Gelfand M, Abernathy J, Arikan G, Aycan Z, Bankar S, Barrera D, Basnight-Brown D, Belaus A, Berezina E, Blumen S, Boski P, Bui HTT, Cárdenas JC, Čekrlija Đ, de Barra M, de Zoysa P, Dorrough A, Engelmann JB, Euh H, Fiedler S, Foster-Gimbel O, Freitas G, Fülöp M, Gardarsdottir RB, Gill CMHD, Glöckner A, Graf S, Grigoryan A, Growiec K, Hashimoto H, Hopthrow T, Hřebíčková M, Imada H, Kamijo Y, Kapoor H, Kashima Y, Khachatryan N, Kharchenko N, León D, Leslie LM, Li Y, Liik K, Liuzza MT, Maitner AT, Mamidi P, McArdle M, Medhioub I, Teixeira MLM, Mentser S, Morales F, Narayanan J, Nitta K, Nussinson R, Onyedire NG, Onyishi IE, Osin E, Özden S, Panagiotopoulou P, Pereverziev O, Perez-Floriano LR, Pirttilä-Backman AM, Pogosyan M, Raver J, Reyna C, Rodrigues RB, Romanò S, Romero PP, Sakki I, Sánchez A, Sherbaji S, Simpson B, Spadoni L, Stamkou E, Travaglino GA, Van Lange PAM, Winata FF, Zein RA, Zhang QP, Eriksson K. Changes in social norms during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic across 43 countries. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1436. [PMID: 38365869 PMCID: PMC10873354 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of COVID-19 dramatically changed social behavior across societies and contexts. Here we study whether social norms also changed. Specifically, we study this question for cultural tightness (the degree to which societies generally have strong norms), specific social norms (e.g. stealing, hand washing), and norms about enforcement, using survey data from 30,431 respondents in 43 countries recorded before and in the early stages following the emergence of COVID-19. Using variation in disease intensity, we shed light on the mechanisms predicting changes in social norm measures. We find evidence that, after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, hand washing norms increased while tightness and punishing frequency slightly decreased but observe no evidence for a robust change in most other norms. Thus, at least in the short term, our findings suggest that cultures are largely stable to pandemic threats except in those norms, hand washing in this case, that are perceived to be directly relevant to dealing with the collective threat.
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Grants
- 2016.0167. Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse (Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation)
- 20178TRM3F Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (Ministry of Education, University and Research)
- 019.183SG.001 Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research)
- Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (Ministry of Education, University and Research)
- Czech Science Foundation, 20-01214S Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, RVO: 68081740 Grant 23-061770S of the Czech Science Foundation RVO: 68081740 of the Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences
- Shimabara Science Promotion Foundation
- RA Science Committee, research project N.20TTSH-020
- Open University of Israel, 511687
- HSE University Basic Research Program
- US Army Research Office Grant W911NF-19-1-910281
- Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, 019.183SG.001 Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, VI.Veni.201G.013 European Commission, Horizon 2020-ID 870827
- UKRI Grant “Secret Power” No. EP/X02170X/1 awarded under the European Commission’s “European Research Council - STG” Scheme
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Andrighetto
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy.
- Institute for Futures Studies, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Institute for Analytical Sociology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Aron Szekely
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
- Collegio Carlo Alberto, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Guido
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
- Institute for Futures Studies, Stockholm, Sweden
- CEREN EA 7477, Burgundy School of Business, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Michele Gelfand
- Graduate School of Business and Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Jered Abernathy
- Department of Sociology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - Gizem Arikan
- Department of Political Science, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Zeynep Aycan
- Department of Psychology, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Faculty of Management, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Davide Barrera
- Collegio Carlo Alberto, Turin, Italy
- Department of Culture, Politics, and Society, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Anabel Belaus
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIPsi), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); CABA, Córdoba, Argentina
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Sheyla Blumen
- Departamento de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Perú
| | | | | | - Juan Camilo Cárdenas
- Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, USA
| | - Đorđe Čekrlija
- Faculty of Philosophy, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Institute of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mícheál de Barra
- Centre for Culture and Evolution, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | | | - Angela Dorrough
- Department of Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan B Engelmann
- Center for Research in Experimental Economics and Political Decision Making (CREED), Amsterdam School of Economics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hyun Euh
- Gies College of Business, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, USA
| | - Susann Fiedler
- Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Gonçalo Freitas
- Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Fülöp
- HUN-REN Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Psychology, Karoli Gáspár University of the Reformed Churches, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Andreas Glöckner
- Department of Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sylvie Graf
- Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ani Grigoryan
- Department of Personality Psychology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | | | - Tim Hopthrow
- School of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Martina Hřebíčková
- Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Hansika Kapoor
- Department of Psychology, Monk Prayogshala, Mumbai, India
| | - Yoshihisa Kashima
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Narine Khachatryan
- Department of Personality Psychology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | | | - Lisa M Leslie
- Stern School of Business, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kadi Liik
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Marco Tullio Liuzza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Angela T Maitner
- Department of Psychology, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Michele McArdle
- Department of Political Science, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Imed Medhioub
- Department of Finance and Investment, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sari Mentser
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Ravit Nussinson
- Department of Education and Psychology, The Open University of Israel, Ra'anana, Israel
- Institute of Information Processing and Decision Making (IIPDM), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Ike E Onyishi
- Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | | | - Seniha Özden
- Department of Psychology, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | - Marianna Pogosyan
- Leadership and Management, Amsterdam Business School (ABS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jana Raver
- Queen's University at Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cecilia Reyna
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIPsi), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); CABA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Borges Rodrigues
- Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Romanò
- Department of Culture, Politics, and Society, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Pedro P Romero
- School of Economics, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
- Experimental and Computational Economics Lab (ECEL), Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Inari Sakki
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Social Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Angel Sánchez
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos (GISC), Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sara Sherbaji
- Department of Psychology, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Brent Simpson
- Department of Sociology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - Lorenzo Spadoni
- Department of Economics and Law, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino (FR), Italy
| | - Eftychia Stamkou
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Paul A M Van Lange
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Kimmo Eriksson
- Institute for Futures Studies, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Cultural Evolution, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Malardalens University, Vasteras, Sweden
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Bruno F, Lau C, Tagliaferro C, Marunic G, Quilty LC, Liuzza MT, Chiesi F. Effects of cancer severity on the relationship between emotional intelligence, perceived social support, and psychological distress in Italian women. Support Care Cancer 2024; 32:142. [PMID: 38308080 PMCID: PMC10837266 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-024-08346-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to understand the association between emotional intelligence, perceived social support, and psychological distress (i.e., anxiety, depression, stress) in women with cancer at different stages. Specifically, the aims of this study were to investigate: i) the links between emotional intelligence and psychological distress (i.e., symptoms of anxiety, stress and depression); ii) the mediating role of perceived social support provided by family members, friends, and significant others in the relationship between emotional intelligence and psychological distress; iii) the impact of cancer type and cancer stage (I-II vs III-IV) in moderating these relationships, among Italian women. METHODS The research sample consisted of 206 Italian women (mean age = 49.30 ± 10.98 years; 55% breast cancer patients) who were administered a questionnaire to assess emotional intelligence, perceived social support, and psychological distress. Structural equation model (SEM) analysis was carried out to confirm the hypothetical-theoretical model. RESULTS Emotional intelligence had a positive association with perceived social support, which in turn prevented psychological distress only in women with early-stages cancers. The type of cancer has no effect on these relationships. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study indicate a pressing need to screen and recognize women with lower emotional intelligence and perceived social support, as they may be more prone to experiencing psychological distress. For such individuals, our results recommend the implementation of psychological interventions aimed at enhancing emotional intelligence and fortifying their social support networks, with consideration for the stage of cancer they are facing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bruno
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), Department of Primary Care, ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme, Catanzaro, Italy.
- Association for Neurogenetic Research (ARN), Lamezia Terme, Catanzaro, Italy.
- Academy of Cognitive Behavioral Sciences of Calabria (ASCoC), Lamezia Terme, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Chloe Lau
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Carlotta Tagliaferro
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug, and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Georgia Marunic
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug, and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lena C Quilty
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marco Tullio Liuzza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Chiesi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug, and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Schepisi M, Liuzza MT, Frisanco A, Giannini AM, Aglioti SM. Attitudes towards Italian Mafias Scale (AIMS): development and validation. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16120. [PMID: 37901458 PMCID: PMC10607589 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In two studies we aimed at developing the Attitude towards Italian Mafias Scale (AIMS). In study 1 (N = 292) we used an Exploratory Factor Analysis to reduce the number of the items and explore their latent constructs. In study 2 (N = 393) we performed a Confirmatory Factor Analysis on the resulting 18-item questionnaire, whose latent structure was best identified by a general factor Mafia Attitude and three specific factors related to Behaviors, Cognitions and Emotions-Cognitions towards mafias. Moreover, we showed that the AIMS has (i) discriminant validity compared to a measure of attitudes towards crime, (ii) predictive validity of donation behavior to an association against mafias, (iii) internal consistency, and (iv) invariance for people of the five deep-rooted mafia regions of Southern Italy and those from the rest of Italy. Finally, we observed a difference between the participants from the five deep-rooted mafia regions (i.e., Apulia, Basilicata, Calabria, Campania, Sicily) and the rest of Italy, with the former having surprisingly more negative attitudes towards mafias compared to the latter. The AIMS might help to reliably survey people's sentiment towards Italian mafias and promote targeted and effective law-related education interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schepisi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome Center for Life Nano-&Neuroscience, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
- IRCSS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tullio Liuzza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Althea Frisanco
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome Center for Life Nano-&Neuroscience, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
- IRCSS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome Center for Life Nano-&Neuroscience, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
- IRCSS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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Aloi M, Moniaci M, Rania M, Carbone EA, Martino G, Segura-Garcia C, Liuzza MT. Relationship between disgust and orthorexia nervosa and psychometric properties of the Italian Dusseldorf orthorexia scale in a general population sample. J Eat Disord 2023; 11:174. [PMID: 37789371 PMCID: PMC10546774 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00899-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains unclear among clinicians and researchers whether orthorexia nervosa (ON) is a part of the obsessive-compulsive disorder spectrum or eating disorders. Disgust seems to be a shared psychopathological factor in these clinical presentations, indicating a potentially crucial role in ON. On the other hand, numerous psychometric tools have been developed to evaluate ON. The Dusseldorf Orthorexia Scale (DOS) was recently validated in an Italian sample. However, the study's primary limitation was that the scale was only administered to undergraduate university students. This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties (including factorial structure, reliability, and measurement invariance conditional on sex) of the Italian version of the DOS (I-DOS) on a sample from the general population. Additionally, the study sought to determine the nomological validity of the I-DOS by examining its relationship with disgust sensitivity. METHODS A sample of 521 participants took part in this study and completed a battery that assessed ON and disgust sensitivity. To assess the I-DOS structure, reliability, and measurement invariance we respectively conducted confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), computed McDonalds's omega, and performed hierarchical series of multigroup CFAs. Then, we tested the relationship between ON and disgust sensitivity. RESULTS CFA confirmed the unifactorial model of I-DOS and it respected the configural, metric, and strict invariance while a partial scalar invariance was achieved. It also showed good reliability with an omega of 0.87. In addition, we found a positive relationship between ON and disgust sensitivity, thus confirming the nomological validity of I-DOS. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the Italian version of the Dusseldorf orthorexia scale (I-DOS) exhibits strong psychometric properties and can be an effective instrument for assessing ON in a general population sample. Notably, the most significant and innovative outcome was the positive correlation between ON and disgust sensitivity. As disgust has been linked to other clinical presentations, this preliminary result could serve as a foundation for future research exploring this phenomenon in greater detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Aloi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Martina Moniaci
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marianna Rania
- Outpatient Unit for Clinical Research and Treatment of Eating Disorders, University Hospital "Mater Domini", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elvira Anna Carbone
- Outpatient Unit for Clinical Research and Treatment of Eating Disorders, University Hospital "Mater Domini", Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gabriella Martino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Cristina Segura-Garcia
- Outpatient Unit for Clinical Research and Treatment of Eating Disorders, University Hospital "Mater Domini", Catanzaro, Italy.
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Marco Tullio Liuzza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
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Zakrzewska MZ, Challma S, Lindholm T, Cancino-Montecinos S, Olofsson JK, Liuzza MT. Body odour disgust sensitivity is associated with xenophobia: evidence from nine countries across five continents. R Soc Open Sci 2023; 10:221407. [PMID: 37063982 PMCID: PMC10090875 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.221407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Body odour disgust sensitivity (BODS) reflects a behavioural disposition to avoid pathogens, and it may also involve social attitudes. Among participants in the USA, high levels of BODS were associated with stronger xenophobia towards a fictitious refugee group. To test the generalizability of this finding, we analysed data from nine countries across five continents (N = 6836). Using structural equation modelling, we found support for our pre-registered hypotheses: higher BODS levels were associated with more xenophobic attitudes; this relationship was partially explained by perceived dissimilarities of the refugees' norms regarding hygiene and food preparation, and general attitudes toward immigration. Our results support a theoretical notion of how pathogen avoidance is associated with social attitudes: 'traditional norms' often involve behaviours that limit inter-group contact, social mobility and situations that might lead to pathogen exposure. Our results also indicate that the positive relationship between BODS and xenophobia is robust across cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Z. Zakrzewska
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17 177 Solna, Sweden
| | - Sandra Challma
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torun Lindholm
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Jonas K. Olofsson
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marco Tullio Liuzza
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, ‘Magna Graecia’ University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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De Filippis R, Carbone EA, D'Angelo M, Liuzza MT, De Fazio P, Steardo L. The mediation role of impulsivity between childhood trauma and dissociative symptomatology in bipolar disorder. Riv Psichiatr 2023; 58:84-92. [PMID: 37070335 DOI: 10.1708/4022.39978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
In bipolar disorder (BD) patients, trauma has been associated with emotional dysregulation, potentially leading to an increase in impulsivity and dissociative symptomatology. We aimed to investigate the relationship between childhood trauma, impulsivity, and dissociative symptomatology in BD with a special focus on the role of impulsivity as a mediator between childhood trauma and dissociative symptomatology. METHODS We administered the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11), Dissociative Experience Scale (DES-II), and Alda scale. Spearman correlation analysis assessed the independent variables associated with CTQ and DES-II. We performed a mediation analysis using the bootstrapping technique to verify the hypothesis that impulsivity represented an intervening variable between childhood trauma and dissociation. RESULTS CTQ and DES-II scores in 100 BD patients were both significantly associated with the number of lifetime affective episodes, a clinical course of mania-depression-euthymia, suicidal ideation, a history of antidepressant-induced manic switch, poor response to mood stabilizers, mixed features, psychotic symptoms, aggressive behavior, and BIS-11 (p<0.01). At the regression analysis, CTQ was associated with DES-II (p<0.001), while DES-II was associated with the CTQ (p<0.001) and BIS-11 (p< 0.001), as well as with aggression (p=0.002). The mediation analysis showed that impulsivity significantly mediated the effect of childhood trauma on dissociative symptomatology (z=25.71; 0.930-1.084). CONCLUSIONS Impulsivity might play a key role in onset and prognosis of BD patients. Our findings may help in increasing the knowledge about the possible association between impulsivity, childhood traumatic experiences and dissociative symptomatology. BD patients with dissociative symptoms might benefit from a tailored treatment which could include a training based on emotional and behavioral regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato De Filippis
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elvira Anna Carbone
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Martina D'Angelo
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Pasquale De Fazio
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luca Steardo
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Italy
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Segura-Garcia C, Aloi M, Carbone EA, Staltari FA, Rania M, Papaianni MC, Vaquero-Solís M, Tapia-Serrano MÁ, Sánchez-Miguel PA, Liuzza MT. Development, Validation, and Measurement Invariance of the Body Image Bidimensional Assessment (BIBA) in Italian and Spanish Children and Early Adolescent Samples. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:3626. [PMID: 36834321 PMCID: PMC9966044 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Body dissatisfaction (BD) is an important public health issue as it negatively influences the physical and psychosocial wellbeing of children/early adolescents. Available measures of BD for this population are scarce, have a significant bias, or only evaluate weight-related dissatisfaction. This study, through the exploratory factor analysis (EFA), aims to develop and validate the Italian (Study 1) and Spanish (Study 2) versions of a new tool, the Body Image Bidimensional Assessment (BIBA), which is not subject to sex-age-race biases and is able to identify BD related to weight and height among children/early adolescents. Study 3 regards the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), testing the measurement of invariance across sex and country. The BIBA has a two-factor structure (i.e., weight and height dissatisfaction) according to studies 1 and 2. McDonald's ω ranged from 0.73 (weight) and 0.72 (height) with good reliability. CFA confirmed the two-factor model as a good fit for the Italian and Spanish samples. Finally, partial metric and scalar invariance of the BIBA dimensions across sexes and nations emerged. The BIBA has proven to be an easy-to-use tool that identifies two BD dimensions among children/early adolescents who could benefit from prompt educational interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Segura-Garcia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Outpatient Unit for Clinical Research and Treatment of Eating Disorders, University Hospital Mater Domini, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Matteo Aloi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elvira Anna Carbone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Outpatient Unit for Clinical Research and Treatment of Eating Disorders, University Hospital Mater Domini, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Filippo Antonio Staltari
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marianna Rania
- Outpatient Unit for Clinical Research and Treatment of Eating Disorders, University Hospital Mater Domini, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Mikel Vaquero-Solís
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Body Expression, Faculty of Teaching Training, University of Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Tapia-Serrano
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Body Expression, Faculty of Teaching Training, University of Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Pedro Antonio Sánchez-Miguel
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Body Expression, Faculty of Teaching Training, University of Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Marco Tullio Liuzza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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9
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Raimo S, Giorgini R, Gaita M, Costanzo A, Spitaleri D, Palermo L, Liuzza MT, Santangelo G. Sensitivity of conventional cognitive tests in multiple sclerosis: Application of item response theory. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 69:104440. [PMID: 36495845 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.104440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment (CI) is common in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and its prevalence rate ranges between 22% and 70%. Because CI significantly impacts vocational status, caregiver burden, and quality of life, an accurate neuropsychological assessment is required. Three widely used and validated batteries for MS-associated CI are the Brief Repeatable Neuropsychological Battery (BRN-B), the Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function (MACFIMS), and the Brief International Cognitive Assessment (BICAMS). Although similar, these batteries differ in time-consuming and in specific tests employed. This study aims to assess the sensitivity of cognitive tests included in these batteries through an Item Response Theory approach. METHODS Ninety-seven patients with MS and 91 demographically matched controls (HC) were consecutively assessed using the three neuropsychological batteries (i.e., BRN-B, MACFIMS, and BICAMS). Continuous Response Model (CRM) was used to identify the cognitive test(s) that best discriminate patients with MS from HC. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the accuracy of the CRM results. RESULTS Cognitive tests loaded on two different latent variables: the 'higher-order executive functioning,' consisting of tests assessing concept formation, problem-solving, and inhibitory control, and the 'memory and information processing speed,' comprising tests assessing long-term, working memory, and information processing speed. The Delis Kaplan Executive Functioning System-Sorting Test and the Stroop Test were the most sensitive tests in differentiating cognitive functioning between MS and HC. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the importance of including a more extensive executive assessment in MS clinical practice since higher-order executive functions (e.g., abstraction and inhibitory control) significantly impact patients' quality of life and functional autonomy. Clinical implications of careful dissection of executive functioning in MS neuropsychological assessment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Raimo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro 88100, Italy.
| | - Roberto Giorgini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Gaita
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Antonio Costanzo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Daniele Spitaleri
- Neurology Unit "San Giuseppe Moscati", Hospital Avellino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Liana Palermo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Marco Tullio Liuzza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Gabriella Santangelo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
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10
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Zakrzewska M, Liuzza MT, Olofsson JK. Body odor disgust sensitivity (BODS) is related to extreme odor valence perception. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284397. [PMID: 37083734 PMCID: PMC10120931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Odors are important disease cues, and disgust sensitivity to body odors reflects individual differences in disease avoidance. The body odor disgust sensitivity (BODS) scale provides a rapid and valid assessment of individual differences. Nevertheless, little is known about how individual differences in BODS might correlate with overall odor perception or how it is related to other differences in emotional reactivity (e.g., affect intensity). We investigated how BODS relates to perceptual ratings of pleasant and unpleasant odors. We aggregated data from 4 experiments (total N = 190) that were conducted in our laboratory, and where valence and intensity ratings were collected. Unpleasant odors were body-like (e.g., sweat-like valeric acid), which may provide disease cues. The pleasant odors were, in contrast, often found in soap and cleaning products (e.g., lilac, lemon). Across experiments, we show that individuals with higher BODS levels perceived smells as more highly valenced overall: unpleasant smells were rated as more unpleasant, and pleasant smells were rated as more pleasant. These results suggest that body odor disgust sensitivity is associated with a broader pattern of affect intensity which causes stronger emotional responses to both negative and positive odors. In contrast, BODS levels were not associated with odor intensity perception. Furthermore, disgust sensitivity to odors coming from external sources (e.g., someone else's sweat) was the best predictor of odor valence ratings. The effects were modest in size. The results validate the BODS scale as it is explicitly associated with experimental ratings of odor valence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Zakrzewska
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Marco Tullio Liuzza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jonas K Olofsson
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Coles NA, March DS, Marmolejo-Ramos F, Larsen JT, Arinze NC, Ndukaihe ILG, Willis ML, Foroni F, Reggev N, Mokady A, Forscher PS, Hunter JF, Kaminski G, Yüvrük E, Kapucu A, Nagy T, Hajdu N, Tejada J, Freitag RMK, Zambrano D, Som B, Aczel B, Barzykowski K, Adamus S, Filip K, Yamada Y, Ikeda A, Eaves DL, Levitan CA, Leiweke S, Parzuchowski M, Butcher N, Pfuhl G, Basnight-Brown DM, Hinojosa JA, Montoro PR, Javela D LG, Vezirian K, IJzerman H, Trujillo N, Pressman SD, Gygax PM, Özdoğru AA, Ruiz-Fernandez S, Ellsworth PC, Gaertner L, Strack F, Marozzi M, Liuzza MT. A multi-lab test of the facial feedback hypothesis by the Many Smiles Collaboration. Nat Hum Behav 2022; 6:1731-1742. [PMID: 36266452 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-022-01458-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Following theories of emotional embodiment, the facial feedback hypothesis suggests that individuals' subjective experiences of emotion are influenced by their facial expressions. However, evidence for this hypothesis has been mixed. We thus formed a global adversarial collaboration and carried out a preregistered, multicentre study designed to specify and test the conditions that should most reliably produce facial feedback effects. Data from n = 3,878 participants spanning 19 countries indicated that a facial mimicry and voluntary facial action task could both amplify and initiate feelings of happiness. However, evidence of facial feedback effects was less conclusive when facial feedback was manipulated unobtrusively via a pen-in-mouth task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Coles
- Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
| | - David S March
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos
- Center for Change and Complexity in Learning, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jeff T Larsen
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Nwadiogo C Arinze
- Department of Psychology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Izuchukwu L G Ndukaihe
- Department of Psychology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Megan L Willis
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Francesco Foroni
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Niv Reggev
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University, Be'er Sheva, Israel
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Aviv Mokady
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Elif Yüvrük
- Department of Psychology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aycan Kapucu
- Department of Psychology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tamás Nagy
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nandor Hajdu
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Julian Tejada
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Raquel M K Freitag
- Vernacular Languages Department, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | | | - Bidisha Som
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Balazs Aczel
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Sylwia Adamus
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Filip
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Yuki Yamada
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ayumi Ikeda
- Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daniel L Eaves
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | | | | | - Michal Parzuchowski
- Center of Research on Cognition and Behavior, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalie Butcher
- Department of Psychology, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Gerit Pfuhl
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Dana M Basnight-Brown
- Department of Psychology, United States International University-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - José A Hinojosa
- Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro R Montoro
- Departamento de Psicología Básica 1, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lady G Javela D
- Programa de Psicología, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Hans IJzerman
- LIP/PC2s, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | | | - Sarah D Pressman
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Pascal M Gygax
- Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Asil A Özdoğru
- Department of Psychology, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Susana Ruiz-Fernandez
- FOM University of Applied Sciences, Essen, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Lowell Gaertner
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Fritz Strack
- Department of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Marozzi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Marco Tullio Liuzza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, 'Magna Graecia' University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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12
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Vaccaro MG, Liuzza MT, Pastore M, Paúl N, Yubero R, Quattrone A, Antonucci G, Gambardella A, Maestú F. The validity and reliability of the Test of Memory Strategies among Italian healthy adults. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14059. [PMID: 36196404 PMCID: PMC9527021 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous literature has shown that executive functions (EF) are related to performance in memory (M) tasks. Nevertheless, there is a shortage of psychometric tests that examine these two constructs simultaneously. The Test of Memory Strategies (TMS; previously validated in Spain and Portugal) could be a useful verbal learning task that evaluates these two constructs at once. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the TMS in an Italian adult sample. Method One hundred twenty-one healthy volunteers (74 F, Mean age = 45.9 years old, SD = 20.4) who underwent a neuropsychological examination participated in this study. We conducted a Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to evaluate the structural validity of the TMS. We conducted a latent variable analysis to examine convergent and discriminant validity of the TMS sub-scale scores reflecting executive functions and memory. We also examined the TMS reliability in terms of internal consistency through the McDonald's omega. Results The CFA confirmed the expectation that the TMS-1 and TMS-2 subtests reflect a factor and that the TMS-3, TMS-4, and TMS-5 subtests reflect a different factor. This result is in line with the prediction that TMS-1 and TMS-2 require the use of executive functions and memory simultaneously, and therefore we called this factor executive functions (EF); whereas the TMS-3, TMS-4, and TMS-5 subtests require less involvement of executive functions, thus reflecting a construct that we named memory (M). The TMS subtests for EF and M showed convergent validity with the test scores using a traditional neuropsychological battery, assessing memory and executive functions separately. Finally, the reliability of the subtests was good. Conclusions These preliminary findings suggest that TMS is a valid and reliable scale to simultaneously assess M and EF while among Italian healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Vaccaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Calabria, Italia,Neuroscience Center, “Magna Græcia” University, Catanzaro, Italy, Catanzaro, Calabria, Italia
| | - Marco Tullio Liuzza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Calabria, Italia
| | - Massimiliano Pastore
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Padova University, Padova, Veneto, Italy
| | - Nuria Paúl
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Yubero
- Department of Neurology, Quirón Pozuelo Hospital, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Quattrone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Calabria, Italia
| | - Gabriella Antonucci
- Department of Psychology, University of Roma “La Sapienza”, Roma, Lazio, Italy,Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Roma, Lazio, Italia
| | - Antonio Gambardella
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, “Magna Græcia” University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Calabria, Italia
| | - Fernando Maestú
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Blomkvist A, Izzo G, Vaccaro MG, La Vignera S, Brunetti A, Aversa A, Liuzza MT. The Scent of Monogamy: Self-Reported Olfactory Function Predicts Sexual Well-Being and Infidelity in an Italian Population. Arch Sex Behav 2022; 51:2879-2889. [PMID: 34791581 PMCID: PMC8597879 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02109-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that olfactory function plays an essential role in the bonding of a romantic relationship. Body odors, in particular, seem involved in both mate choices and other intimate behaviors. Our sense of smell is also crucial to detect possible pathogen threats, by activating a suitable disgust reaction. Previous studies have shown that disgust sensitivity is negatively related to sociosexuality, and disgust generally inhibits our sexual drive. In the present study, we explored the possible relation between olfactory function, pathogen disgust sensitivity, sociosexuality, sexual well-being, and infidelity through a web survey. Our exploratory analyses found that, in a large Italian sample (N = 1107), among those in a stable relationship, self-reported olfactory function predicted sexual well-being (p < .05) and negatively predicted infidelity (p < .05) when controlling for other relevant sociodemographics variables. Moreover, the relation between self-reported olfactory function and sexual well-being was mediated by pathogen disgust sensitivity. Although significant, these results must be interpreted with caution, because the effect sizes were small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Blomkvist
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giulia Izzo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine "Gaetano Salvatore", Università degli Studi "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Vaccaro
- Neuroscience Research Center, Università Degli Studi "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università degli Studi "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Brunetti
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Aversa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine "Gaetano Salvatore", Università degli Studi "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Marco Tullio Liuzza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università degli Studi "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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14
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Bago B, Kovacs M, Protzko J, Nagy T, Kekecs Z, Palfi B, Adamkovic M, Adamus S, Albalooshi S, Albayrak-Aydemir N, Alfian IN, Alper S, Alvarez-Solas S, Alves SG, Amaya S, Andresen PK, Anjum G, Ansari D, Arriaga P, Aruta JJBR, Arvanitis A, Babincak P, Barzykowski K, Bashour B, Baskin E, Batalha L, Batres C, Bavolar J, Bayrak F, Becker B, Becker M, Belaus A, Białek M, Bilancini E, Boller D, Boncinelli L, Boudesseul J, Brown BT, Buchanan EM, Butt MM, Calvillo DP, Carnes NC, Celniker JB, Chartier CR, Chopik WJ, Chotikavan P, Chuan-Peng H, Clancy RF, Çoker O, Correia RC, Adoric VC, Cubillas CP, Czoschke S, Daryani Y, de Grefte JAM, de Vries WC, Burak EGD, Dias C, Dixson BJW, Du X, Dumančić F, Dumbravă A, Dutra NB, Enachescu J, Esteban-Serna C, Eudave L, Evans TR, Feldman G, Felisberti FM, Fiedler S, Findor A, Fleischmann A, Foroni F, Francová R, Frank DA, Fu CHY, Gao S, Ghasemi O, Ghazi-Noori AR, Ghossainy ME, Giammusso I, Gill T, Gjoneska B, Gollwitzer M, Graton A, Grinberg M, Groyecka-Bernard A, Harris EA, Hartanto A, Hassan WANM, Hatami J, Heimark KR, Hidding JJJ, Hristova E, Hruška M, Hudson CA, Huskey R, Ikeda A, Inbar Y, Ingram GPD, Isler O, Isloi C, Iyer A, Jaeger B, Janssen SMJ, Jiménez-Leal W, Jokić B, Kačmár P, Kadreva V, Kaminski G, Karimi-Malekabadi F, Kasper ATA, Kendrick KM, Kennedy BJ, Kocalar HE, Kodapanakkal RI, Kowal M, Kruse E, Kučerová L, Kühberger A, Kuzminska AO, Lalot F, Lamm C, Lammers J, Lange EB, Lantian A, Lau IYM, Lazarevic LB, Leliveld MC, Lenz JN, Levitan CA, Lewis SC, Li M, Li Y, Li H, Lima TJS, Lins S, Liuzza MT, Lopes P, Lu JG, Lynds T, Máčel M, Mackinnon SP, Maganti M, Magraw-Mickelson Z, Magson LF, Manley H, Marcu GM, Seršić DM, Matibag CJ, Mattiassi ADA, Mazidi M, McFall JP, McLatchie N, Mensink MC, Miketta L, Milfont TL, Mirisola A, Misiak M, Mitkidis P, Moeini-Jazani M, Monajem A, Moreau D, Musser ED, Narhetali E, Ochoa DP, Olsen J, Owsley NC, Özdoğru AA, Panning M, Papadatou-Pastou M, Parashar N, Pärnamets P, Paruzel-Czachura M, Parzuchowski M, Paterlini JV, Pavlacic JM, Peker M, Peters K, Piatnitckaia L, Pinto I, Policarpio MR, Pop-Jordanova N, Pratama AJ, Primbs MA, Pronizius E, Purić D, Puvia E, Qamari V, Qian K, Quiamzade A, Ráczová B, Reinero DA, Reips UD, Reyna C, Reynolds K, Ribeiro MFF, Röer JP, Ross RM, Roussos P, Ruiz-Dodobara F, Ruiz-Fernandez S, Rutjens BT, Rybus K, Samekin A, Santos AC, Say N, Schild C, Schmidt K, Ścigała KA, Sharifian M, Shi J, Shi Y, Sievers E, Sirota M, Slipenkyj M, Solak Ç, Sorokowska A, Sorokowski P, Söylemez S, Steffens NK, Stephen ID, Sternisko A, Stevens-Wilson L, Stewart SLK, Stieger S, Storage D, Strube J, Susa KJ, Szekely-Copîndean RD, Szostak NM, Takwin B, Tatachari S, Thomas AG, Tiede KE, Tiong LE, Tonković M, Trémolière B, Tunstead LV, Türkan BN, Twardawski M, Vadillo MA, Vally Z, Vaughn LA, Verschuere B, Vlašiček D, Voracek M, Vranka MA, Wang S, West SL, Whyte S, Wilton LS, Wlodarczyk A, Wu X, Xin F, Yadanar S, Yama H, Yamada Y, Yilmaz O, Yoon S, Young DM, Zakharov I, Zein RA, Zettler I, Žeželj IL, Zhang DC, Zhang J, Zheng X, Hoekstra R, Aczel B. Publisher Correction: Situational factors shape moral judgements in the trolley dilemma in Eastern, Southern and Western countries in a culturally diverse sample. Nat Hum Behav 2022; 6:897-898. [PMID: 35668099 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-022-01403-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bence Bago
- Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
| | - Marton Kovacs
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - John Protzko
- University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Tamas Nagy
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Kekecs
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Palfi
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matus Adamkovic
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Prešov, Prešov, Slovakia.,Institute for Research and Development of Education, Faculty of Education, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Sylwia Adamus
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | - Sara Alvarez-Solas
- Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Grupo de Biogeografía y Ecología Espacial (BioGeoE2), Napo, Ecuador
| | - Sara G Alves
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Santiago Amaya
- Department of Philosophy, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Gulnaz Anjum
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel Ansari
- Department of Psychology and The Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Peter Babincak
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Prešov, Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Krystian Barzykowski
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bana Bashour
- Department of Philosophy, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Luisa Batalha
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carlota Batres
- Department of Psychology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, USA
| | - Jozef Bavolar
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | | | - Benjamin Becker
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Maja Becker
- CLLE, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Anabel Belaus
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (IIPsi, Conicet-UNC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Michał Białek
- Instutute of Psychology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ennio Bilancini
- IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy.,GAME Science Research Center, Lucca, Italy
| | | | - Leonardo Boncinelli
- Department of Economics and Management, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Jordane Boudesseul
- Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad de Lima, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Erin M Buchanan
- Harrisburg University of Science and Technology, Harrisburg, PA, USA
| | | | - Dustin P Calvillo
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, USA
| | - Nate C Carnes
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, USA
| | - Jared B Celniker
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - William J Chopik
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Poom Chotikavan
- Faculty of Psychology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hu Chuan-Peng
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rockwell F Clancy
- Department of Values, Technology, and Innovation, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Ogeday Çoker
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Rita C Correia
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Carmelo P Cubillas
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefan Czoschke
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yalda Daryani
- Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Job A M de Grefte
- Faculty of Philosophy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Faculty of Economics, Econometrics, and Finance, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wieteke C de Vries
- Marketing Department, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Carina Dias
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Barnaby J W Dixson
- The School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xinkai Du
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Francesca Dumančić
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrei Dumbravă
- Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iași, Romania.,George I.M. Georgescu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Iași, Romania
| | - Natalia B Dutra
- Laboratório de Evolução do Comportamento Humano, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Janina Enachescu
- Department of Occupational, Economic and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Celia Esteban-Serna
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Luis Eudave
- School of Education and Psychology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Thomas R Evans
- School of Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, Greenwich, UK
| | - Gilad Feldman
- Department of Psychology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Susann Fiedler
- Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrej Findor
- Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Francesco Foroni
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Radka Francová
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Cynthia H Y Fu
- School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Shan Gao
- School of Foreign Languages, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Omid Ghasemi
- Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Maliki E Ghossainy
- Wheelock College of Education and Human Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isabella Giammusso
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Tripat Gill
- Lazaridis School of Business and Economics, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Biljana Gjoneska
- Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Mario Gollwitzer
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | | | - Maurice Grinberg
- Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology, New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Andree Hartanto
- School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Javad Hatami
- Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katrina R Heimark
- Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad de Lima, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Evgeniya Hristova
- Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology, New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Matej Hruška
- Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Richard Huskey
- Department of Communication, Center for Mind and Brain, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ayumi Ikeda
- Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoel Inbar
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gordon P D Ingram
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ozan Isler
- School of Economics and Finance, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Behavioural Economics, Society and Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Steve M J Janssen
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | | | - Biljana Jokić
- Laboratory for Research of Individual Differences, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Pavol Kačmár
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Veselina Kadreva
- Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology, New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | | | | | - Keith M Kendrick
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Halil E Kocalar
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | | | - Marta Kowal
- Instutute of Psychology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elliott Kruse
- EGADE Business School, Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | - Lenka Kučerová
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | | | | | | | - Claus Lamm
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joris Lammers
- Social Cognition Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elke B Lange
- Department of Music, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anthony Lantian
- Département de Psychologie, Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale, UPL, University Paris Nanterre, Paris, France
| | - Ivy Y-M Lau
- School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ljiljana B Lazarevic
- Laboratory for Research of Individual Differences, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marijke C Leliveld
- Marketing Department, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jennifer N Lenz
- Department of Psychology and Psychodynamics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | | | | | - Manyu Li
- University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA
| | - Yansong Li
- Reward, Competition and Social Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haozheng Li
- Institute of Applied Psychology, School of Public Administration, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tiago J S Lima
- Department of Social and Work Psychology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Samuel Lins
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marco Tullio Liuzza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Paula Lopes
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jackson G Lu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Trent Lynds
- Department of Psychology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Máčel
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Sean P Mackinnon
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Zoe Magraw-Mickelson
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Leon F Magson
- Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Harry Manley
- Faculty of Psychology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Gabriela M Marcu
- Department of Psychology, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Sibiu, Romania
| | - Darja Masli Seršić
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Mahdi Mazidi
- Centre for the Advancement of Research on Emotion, School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Joseph P McFall
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Fredonia, Fredonia, NY, USA
| | | | - Michael C Mensink
- Psychology Department, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, WI, USA
| | - Lena Miketta
- Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Alberto Mirisola
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Michal Misiak
- Instutute of Psychology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.,School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Panagiotis Mitkidis
- Department of Management, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Arash Monajem
- Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - David Moreau
- School of Psychology and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Danielle P Ochoa
- Department of Psychology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Jerome Olsen
- Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Philip Pärnamets
- New York University, New York, NY, USA.,Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Michal Parzuchowski
- Center for Research on Cognition and Behavior, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities in Sopot, Sopot, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Kim Peters
- Department of Management, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Isabel Pinto
- Center of Psychology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | - Ekaterina Pronizius
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Danka Purić
- Laboratory for Research of Individual Differences, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Elisa Puvia
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vahid Qamari
- Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kun Qian
- Institute of Decision Science for a Sustainable Society, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Alain Quiamzade
- University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,UniDistance Switzerland, Sierre, Switzerland
| | - Beáta Ráczová
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Diego A Reinero
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ulf-Dietrich Reips
- Research Methods, Assessment, and iScience, Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Cecilia Reyna
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (IIPsi, Conicet-UNC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Kimberly Reynolds
- Department of Psychology, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA, USA
| | | | - Jan P Röer
- Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Robert M Ross
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Petros Roussos
- Department of Psychology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Susana Ruiz-Fernandez
- FOM University of Applied Sciences, Essen, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Katarzyna Rybus
- Center for Research on Cognition and Behavior, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities in Sopot, Sopot, Poland
| | - Adil Samekin
- M. Narikbayev KAZGUU University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Anabela C Santos
- Iscte-University Institute of Lisbon, CIS-IUL, Lisbon, Portugal.,Aventura Social and DESSH, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Institute of Environmental Health, Medicine Faculty, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nicolas Say
- Prague University of Economics and Business, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Kathleen Schmidt
- School of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Jiaxin Shi
- Department of Psychology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yaoxi Shi
- Imperial College Business School, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Erin Sievers
- Department of Psychology, Ashland University, Ashland, OH, USA
| | | | - Michael Slipenkyj
- Department of Psychology and The Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ian D Stephen
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anni Sternisko
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Stefan Stieger
- Department of Psychology and Psychodynamics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Daniel Storage
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Kyle J Susa
- California State University, Bakersfield, CA, USA
| | | | - Natalia M Szostak
- Center for Research on Cognition and Behavior, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities in Sopot, Sopot, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | - Lucas E Tiong
- School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mirjana Tonković
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Belgüzar N Türkan
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Mathias Twardawski
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Miguel A Vadillo
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Zahir Vally
- Department of Clinical Psychology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Wolfson College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Denis Vlašiček
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martin Voracek
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Shuzhen Wang
- Institute of Applied Psychology, School of Public Administration, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Skye-Loren West
- Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Stephen Whyte
- School of Economics and Finance, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Behavioural Economics, Society and Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leigh S Wilton
- Department of Psychology, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA
| | - Anna Wlodarczyk
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Xue Wu
- Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fei Xin
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Su Yadanar
- University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Hiroshi Yama
- School of Literature and Human Sciences, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamada
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Sangsuk Yoon
- Department of Management and Marketing, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
| | | | - Ilya Zakharov
- Psychological Institute of Russian Academy of Education, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Ingo Zettler
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Iris L Žeželj
- Laboratory for Research of Individual Differences, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Don C Zhang
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Institute of Applied Psychology, School of Public Administration, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zheng
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Balazs Aczel
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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15
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Liuzza MT, Spagnuolo R, Antonucci G, Grembiale RD, Cosco C, Iaquinta FS, Funari V, Dastoli S, Nistico S, Doldo P. Psychometric evaluation of an Italian custom 4-item short form of the PROMIS anxiety item bank in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: an item response theory analysis. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12100. [PMID: 34760342 PMCID: PMC8556715 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There has recently been growing interest in the roles of inflammation in contributing to the development of anxiety in people with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID). Patient-reported outcome measures can facilitate the assessment of physical and psychological functioning. The National Institutes of Health (NIH)'s Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is a set of Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs) that cover physical appearance, mental health, and social health. The PROMIS has been built through an Item Response Theory approach (IRT), a model-based measurement in which trait level estimates depend on both persons' responses and on the properties of the items that were administered. The aim of this study is to test the psychometric properties of an Italian custom four-item Short Form of the PROMIS Anxiety item bank in a cohort of outpatients with IMIDs. Methods We selected four items from the Italian standard Short Form Anxiety 8a and administered them to consecutive outpatients affected by Inflammatory Bowel disease (n = 246), rheumatological (n = 100) and dermatological (n = 43) diseases, and healthy volunteers (n = 280). Data was analyzed through an Item Response Theory (IRT) analysis in order to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Italian adaptation of the PROMIS anxiety short form. Results Taken together, Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Exploratory Factor analysis suggest that the unidimensionality assumption of the instrument holds. The instrument has excellent reliability from a Classical Theory of Test (CTT) standpoint (Cronbach's α = 0.93, McDonald's ω = 0.92). The 2PL Graded Response Model (GRM) model provided showed a better goodness of fit as compared to the 1PL GRM model, and local independence assumption appears to be met overall. We did not find signs of differential item functioning (DIF) for age and gender, but evidence for uniform (but not non-uniform) DIF was found in three out of four items for the patient vs. control group. Analysis of the test reliability curve suggested that the instrument is most reliable for higher levels of the latent trait of anxiety. The groups of patients exhibited higher levels of anxiety as compared to the control group (ps < 0.001, Bonferroni-corrected). The groups of patients were not different between themselves (p = 1, Bonferroni-corrected). T-scores based on estimated latent trait and raw scores were highly correlated (Pearson's r = 0.98) and led to similar results. Discussion The Italian custom four-item short form from the PROMIS anxiety form 8a shows acceptable psychometric properties both from a CTT and an IRT standpoint. The Test Reliability Curve shows that this instrument is mostly informative for people with higher levels of anxiety, making it particularly suitable for clinical populations such as IMID patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tullio Liuzza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Calabria, Italy
| | - Rocco Spagnuolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Calabria, Italy
| | - Gabriella Antonucci
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Lazio, Italy.,Department of Psychology, University of Roma "La Sapienza", Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Rosa Daniela Grembiale
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Calabria, Italy
| | - Cristina Cosco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Calabria, Italy
| | | | - Vanessa Funari
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Calabria, Italy
| | - Stefano Dastoli
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Calabria, Italy
| | - Steven Nistico
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Calabria, Italy
| | - Patrizia Doldo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Calabria, Italy
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16
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Villani C, Lugli L, Liuzza MT, Nicoletti R, Borghi AM. Sensorimotor and interoceptive dimensions in concrete and abstract concepts. J Mem Lang 2021; 116:104173. [PMID: 32952286 PMCID: PMC7492812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2020.104173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent theories propose that abstract concepts, compared to concrete ones, might activate to a larger extent interoceptive, social and linguistic experiences. At the same time, recent research has underlined the importance of investigating how different sub-kinds of abstract concepts are represented. We report a pre-registered experiment, preceded by a pilot study, in which we asked participants to evaluate the difficulty of 3 kinds of concrete concepts (natural objects, tools, and food concepts) and abstract concepts (Philosophical and Spiritual concepts, PS, Physical Space Time and Quantity concepts, PSTQ, and Emotional, Mental State and Social concepts, EMSS). While rating the words, participants were assigned to different conditions designed to interfere with conceptual processing: they were required to squeeze a ball (hand motor system activation), to chew gum (mouth motor system activation), to self-estimate their heartbeats (interoception), and to perform a motor articulatory task (inner speech involvement). In a control condition they simply rated the difficulty of words. A possible interference should result in the increase of the difficulty ratings. Bayesian analyses reveal that, compared to concrete ones, abstract concepts are more grounded in interoceptive experience and concrete concepts less in linguistic experience (mouth motor system involvement), and that the experience on which different kinds of abstract and concrete concepts differs widely. For example, within abstract concepts interoception plays a major role for EMSS and PS concepts, while the ball squeezing condition interferes more for PSTQ concepts, confirming that PSTQ are the most concrete among abstract concepts, and tap into sensorimotor manual experience. Implications of the results for current theories of conceptual representation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Villani
- Department of Philosophy and Communication, University of Bologna, via Azzo Gardino, 23, Bologna 40122, Italy
| | - Luisa Lugli
- Department of Philosophy and Communication, University of Bologna, via Azzo Gardino, 23, Bologna 40122, Italy
| | - Marco Tullio Liuzza
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa (Loc. Germaneto), Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Roberto Nicoletti
- Department of Philosophy and Communication, University of Bologna, via Azzo Gardino, 23, Bologna 40122, Italy
| | - Anna M Borghi
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 1, Roma 00185, Italy
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Italian National Research Council, Via San Martino della Battaglia 44, Roma 00185, Italy
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17
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Parma V, Ohla K, Veldhuizen MG, Niv MY, Kelly CE, Bakke AJ, Cooper KW, Bouysset C, Pirastu N, Dibattista M, Kaur R, Liuzza MT, Pepino MY, Schöpf V, Pereda-Loth V, Olsson SB, Gerkin RC, Rohlfs Domínguez P, Albayay J, Farruggia MC, Bhutani S, Fjaeldstad AW, Kumar R, Menini A, Bensafi M, Sandell M, Konstantinidis I, Di Pizio A, Genovese F, Öztürk L, Thomas-Danguin T, Frasnelli J, Boesveldt S, Saatci Ö, Saraiva LR, Lin C, Golebiowski J, Hwang LD, Ozdener MH, Guàrdia MD, Laudamiel C, Ritchie M, Havlícek J, Pierron D, Roura E, Navarro M, Nolden AA, Lim J, Whitcroft KL, Colquitt LR, Ferdenzi C, Brindha EV, Altundag A, Macchi A, Nunez-Parra A, Patel ZM, Fiorucci S, Philpott CM, Smith BC, Lundström JN, Mucignat C, Parker JK, van den Brink M, Schmuker M, Fischmeister FPS, Heinbockel T, Shields VDC, Faraji F, Santamaría E, Fredborg WEA, Morini G, Olofsson JK, Jalessi M, Karni N, D'Errico A, Alizadeh R, Pellegrino R, Meyer P, Huart C, Chen B, Soler GM, Alwashahi MK, Welge-Lüssen A, Freiherr J, de Groot JHB, Klein H, Okamoto M, Singh PB, Hsieh JW, Reed DR, Hummel T, Munger SD, Hayes JE. Corrigendum to: More Than Smell-COVID-19 Is Associated With Severe Impairment of Smell, Taste, and Chemesthesis. Chem Senses 2021; 46:6457126. [PMID: 34879393 PMCID: PMC8689756 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjab050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Parma
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathrin Ohla
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, Jülich, Germany
| | - Maria G Veldhuizen
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Çiftlikköy Campus, Yenişehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Masha Y Niv
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Alyssa J Bakke
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, Erickson Food Science Building, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Keiland W Cooper
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California and Qureshey Research Laboratory, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Cédric Bouysset
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR CNRS 7272, Université Côte d'Azur, Avenue Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Nicola Pirastu
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Old Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michele Dibattista
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Università degli Studi di Bari A. Moro, P.zza G. Cesare, Bari, Italy
| | - Rishemjit Kaur
- CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Chandigarh, India
| | - Marco Tullio Liuzza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa (Loc. Germaneto), Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marta Y Pepino
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Veronika Schöpf
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronica Pereda-Loth
- Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthese, UMR 5288 CNRS, Universitéde Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Shannon B Olsson
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, India
| | - Richard C Gerkin
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Paloma Rohlfs Domínguez
- Department of Psychology and Anthropology, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad, s/n, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Javier Albayay
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia, Padova, Italy
| | - Michael C Farruggia
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Surabhi Bhutani
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alexander W Fjaeldstad
- Flavour Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Regional Hospital West Jutland, Central Denmark Region, Laegaardvej, Holstebro, Denmark
| | - Ritesh Kumar
- Biocomputation Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Anna Menini
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies, SISSA, Via Bonomea, Trieste, Italy
| | - Moustafa Bensafi
- Neuropop Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR5292-INSERM U1028-University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 95 bd Pinel, Bron, France
| | - Mari Sandell
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Antonella Di Pizio
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str., Freising, Germany
| | | | - Lina Öztürk
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Çiftlikköy Campus, Yenişehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Thierry Thomas-Danguin
- CSGA-Centre for Taste and Feeding Behavior, INRAE, CNRS, AgroSup Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 17 rue Sully, Dijon, France
| | - Johannes Frasnelli
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, boul. des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Sanne Boesveldt
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng, WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Özlem Saatci
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical Science University, Emek, Sancaktepe-İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Luis R Saraiva
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Sidra Medicine, Out Patient Clinic, Doha, Qatar
| | - Cailu Lin
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jérôme Golebiowski
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR CNRS 7272, Université Côte d'Azur, Avenue Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Liang-Dar Hwang
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Maria Dolors Guàrdia
- IRTA-Food Technology Programme, IRTA, Finca Camps i Armet, Monells, Girona, Spain
| | | | - Marina Ritchie
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jan Havlícek
- Department of Zoology, Charles University, Viničná, Nové Město, Czechia
| | - Denis Pierron
- Équipe de Médecine Evolutive, UMR5288 CNRS/Université Toulouse III, faculté de chirurgie dentaire, 3 Chemin des Maraîchers, Toulouse, France
| | - Eugeni Roura
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Marta Navarro
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Alissa A Nolden
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Juyun Lim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | | | | | - Camille Ferdenzi
- Neuropop Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR5292-INSERM U1028-University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 95 bd Pinel, Bron, France
| | - Evelyn V Brindha
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Aytug Altundag
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Biruni University, Protokol Yolu, Topkapı, Zeytinburnu, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alberto Macchi
- Italian Academy of Rhinology Asst Settelaghi-University of Insubriae, via Guicciardini, Varese, Italy
| | - Alexia Nunez-Parra
- Department of Biology, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras, Santiago, Chile
| | - Zara M Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sébastien Fiorucci
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR CNRS 7272, Université Côte d'Azur, Avenue Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Carl M Philpott
- The Norfolk Smell and Taste Clinic, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Barry C Smith
- Centre for the Study of the Senses, Institute of Philosophy, School of Advanced Study, University of London, London, UK
| | - Johan N Lundström
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carla Mucignat
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, via Marzolo, Padova, Italy
| | - Jane K Parker
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK
| | - Mirjam van den Brink
- Laboratory of Behavioural Gastronomy, Maastricht University Campus Venlo, Nassaustraat, BV Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Schmuker
- Biocomputation Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | | | - Thomas Heinbockel
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Howard University, N.W., Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vonnie D C Shields
- Biological Sciences Department, Fisher College of Science and Mathematics, Towson University, Towson, MD USA
| | - Farhoud Faraji
- Division of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego Health, MC La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Proteored-ISCIII, Pamplona, Spain
| | - William E A Fredborg
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Frescativägen, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabriella Morini
- University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II 9, Bra, Pollenzo, CN, Italy
| | - Jonas K Olofsson
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Frescativägen, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maryam Jalessi
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Sattarkhan Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Noam Karni
- Internal Medicine Department, Hadassah Medical Center, Kiryat Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anna D'Errico
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Max von Laue Strasse, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rafieh Alizadeh
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, Hazrat Rasoul Hospital, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Robert Pellegrino
- Food Science Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Pablo Meyer
- Health Care and Life Sciences, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA
| | - Caroline Huart
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Avenue Hippocrate, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ben Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Liwan District, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Graciela M Soler
- Department of Otorhinolaringology, Buenos Aires University and GEOG (Grupo de Estudio de Olfato y Gusto), Calle Paraguay, Piso 3. CABA (Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires), Argentina
| | - Mohammed K Alwashahi
- Surgery Department, ENT Division, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Al Khoud, Muscat, Oman
| | - Antje Welge-Lüssen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Freiherr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jasper H B de Groot
- Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hadar Klein
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Masako Okamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Preet Bano Singh
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - Julien W Hsieh
- Rhinology-Olfactology Unit, ENT Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Thomas Hummel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Helmholtzstr., Dresden, Germany
| | - Steven D Munger
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, , Rm LG-101D, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - John E Hayes
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, Erickson Food Science Building, University Park, PA, USA
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18
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Parma V, Ohla K, Veldhuizen MG, Niv MY, Kelly CE, Bakke AJ, Cooper KW, Bouysset C, Pirastu N, Dibattista M, Kaur R, Liuzza MT, Pepino MY, Schöpf V, Pereda-Loth V, Olsson SB, Gerkin RC, Rohlfs Domínguez P, Albayay J, Farruggia MC, Bhutani S, Fjaeldstad AW, Kumar R, Menini A, Bensafi M, Sandell M, Konstantinidis I, Di Pizio A, Genovese F, Öztürk L, Thomas-Danguin T, Frasnelli J, Boesveldt S, Saatci Ö, Saraiva LR, Lin C, Golebiowski J, Hwang LD, Ozdener MH, Guàrdia MD, Laudamiel C, Ritchie M, Havlícek J, Pierron D, Roura E, Navarro M, Nolden AA, Lim J, Whitcroft KL, Colquitt LR, Ferdenzi C, Brindha EV, Altundag A, Macchi A, Nunez-Parra A, Patel ZM, Fiorucci S, Philpott CM, Smith BC, Lundström JN, Mucignat C, Parker JK, van den Brink M, Schmuker M, Fischmeister FPS, Heinbockel T, Shields VDC, Faraji F, Santamaría E, Fredborg WEA, Morini G, Olofsson JK, Jalessi M, Karni N, D'Errico A, Alizadeh R, Pellegrino R, Meyer P, Huart C, Chen B, Soler GM, Alwashahi MK, Welge-Lüssen A, Freiherr J, de Groot JHB, Klein H, Okamoto M, Singh PB, Hsieh JW, Reed DR, Hummel T, Munger SD, Hayes JE. More Than Smell-COVID-19 Is Associated With Severe Impairment of Smell, Taste, and Chemesthesis. Chem Senses 2020; 45:609-622. [PMID: 32564071 PMCID: PMC7337664 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent anecdotal and scientific reports have provided evidence of a link between COVID-19 and chemosensory impairments such as anosmia. However, these reports have downplayed or failed to distinguish potential effects on taste, ignored chemesthesis, and generally lacked quantitative measurements. Here, we report the development, implementation and initial results of a multi-lingual, international questionnaire to assess self-reported quantity and quality of perception in three distinct chemosensory modalities (smell, taste, and chemesthesis) before and during COVID-19. In the first 11 days after questionnaire launch, 4039 participants (2913 women, 1118 men, 8 other, ages 19-79) reported a COVID-19 diagnosis either via laboratory tests or clinical assessment. Importantly, smell, taste and chemesthetic function were each significantly reduced compared to their status before the disease. Difference scores (maximum possible change ±100) revealed a mean reduction of smell (-79.7 ± 28.7, mean ± SD), taste (-69.0 ± 32.6), and chemesthetic (-37.3 ± 36.2) function during COVID-19. Qualitative changes in olfactory ability (parosmia and phantosmia) were relatively rare and correlated with smell loss. Importantly, perceived nasal obstruction did not account for smell loss. Furthermore, chemosensory impairments were similar between participants in the laboratory test and clinical assessment groups. These results show that COVID-19-associated chemosensory impairment is not limited to smell, but also affects taste and chemesthesis. The multimodal impact of COVID-19 and lack of perceived nasal obstruction suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection may disrupt sensory-neural mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Parma
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathrin Ohla
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, Jülich, Germany
| | - Maria G Veldhuizen
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Çiftlikköy Campus, Yenişehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Masha Y Niv
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Alyssa J Bakke
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, Erickson Food Science Building, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Keiland W Cooper
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California and Qureshey Research Laboratory, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Cédric Bouysset
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR CNRS 7272, Université Côte d'Azur, Avenue Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Nicola Pirastu
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Old Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michele Dibattista
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Università degli Studi di Bari A. Moro, P.zza G. Cesare, Bari, Italy
| | - Rishemjit Kaur
- CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Chandigarh, India
| | - Marco Tullio Liuzza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa (Loc. Germaneto), Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marta Y Pepino
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Veronika Schöpf
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronica Pereda-Loth
- Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthese, UMR 5288 CNRS, Universitéde Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Shannon B Olsson
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, India
| | - Richard C Gerkin
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Paloma Rohlfs Domínguez
- Department of Psychology and Anthropology, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad, s/n, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Javier Albayay
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia, Padova, Italy
| | - Michael C Farruggia
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Surabhi Bhutani
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alexander W Fjaeldstad
- Flavour Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Regional Hospital West Jutland, Central Denmark Region, Laegaardvej, Holstebro, Denmark
| | - Ritesh Kumar
- Biocomputation Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Anna Menini
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies, SISSA, Via Bonomea, Trieste, Italy
| | - Moustafa Bensafi
- Neuropop Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR5292-INSERM U1028-University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 95 bd Pinel, Bron, France
| | - Mari Sandell
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Antonella Di Pizio
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str., Freising, Germany
| | | | - Lina Öztürk
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Çiftlikköy Campus, Yenişehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Thierry Thomas-Danguin
- CSGA-Centre for Taste and Feeding Behavior, INRAE, CNRS, AgroSup Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 17 rue Sully, Dijon, France
| | - Johannes Frasnelli
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, boul. des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Sanne Boesveldt
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng, WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Özlem Saatci
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical Science University, Emek, Sancaktepe-İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Luis R Saraiva
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Sidra Medicine, Out Patient Clinic, Doha, Qatar
| | - Cailu Lin
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jérôme Golebiowski
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR CNRS 7272, Université Côte d'Azur, Avenue Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Liang-Dar Hwang
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Maria Dolors Guàrdia
- IRTA-Food Technology Programme, IRTA, Finca Camps i Armet, Monells, Girona, Spain
| | | | - Marina Ritchie
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jan Havlícek
- Department of Zoology, Charles University, Viničná, Nové Město, Czechia
| | - Denis Pierron
- Équipe de Médecine Evolutive, UMR5288 CNRS/Université Toulouse III, faculté de chirurgie dentaire, 3 Chemin des Maraîchers, Toulouse, France
| | - Eugeni Roura
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Marta Navarro
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Alissa A Nolden
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Juyun Lim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | | | | | - Camille Ferdenzi
- Neuropop Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR5292-INSERM U1028-University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 95 bd Pinel, Bron, France
| | - Evelyn V Brindha
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Aytug Altundag
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Biruni University, Protokol Yolu, Topkapı, Zeytinburnu, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alberto Macchi
- Italian Academy of Rhinology Asst Settelaghi-University of Insubriae, via Guicciardini, Varese, Italy
| | - Alexia Nunez-Parra
- Department of Biology, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras, Santiago, Chile
| | - Zara M Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sébastien Fiorucci
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR CNRS 7272, Université Côte d'Azur, Avenue Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Carl M Philpott
- The Norfolk Smell and Taste Clinic, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Barry C Smith
- Centre for the Study of the Senses, Institute of Philosophy, School of Advanced Study, University of London, London, UK
| | - Johan N Lundström
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carla Mucignat
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, via Marzolo, Padova, Italy
| | - Jane K Parker
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK
| | - Mirjam van den Brink
- Laboratory of Behavioural Gastronomy, Maastricht University Campus Venlo, Nassaustraat, BV Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Schmuker
- Biocomputation Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | | | - Thomas Heinbockel
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Howard University, N.W., Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vonnie D C Shields
- Biological Sciences Department, Fisher College of Science and Mathematics, Towson University, Towson, MD USA
| | - Farhoud Faraji
- Division of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego Health, MC La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Proteored-ISCIII, Pamplona, Spain
| | - William E A Fredborg
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Frescativägen, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabriella Morini
- University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II 9, Bra, Pollenzo, CN, Italy
| | - Jonas K Olofsson
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Frescativägen, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maryam Jalessi
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Sattarkhan Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Noam Karni
- Internal Medicine Department, Hadassah Medical Center, Kiryat Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anna D'Errico
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Max von Laue Strasse, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rafieh Alizadeh
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, Hazrat Rasoul Hospital, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Robert Pellegrino
- Food Science Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Pablo Meyer
- Health Care and Life Sciences, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA
| | - Caroline Huart
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Avenue Hippocrate, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ben Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Liwan District, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Graciela M Soler
- Department of Otorhinolaringology, Buenos Aires University and GEOG (Grupo de Estudio de Olfato y Gusto), Calle Paraguay, Piso 3. CABA (Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires), Argentina
| | - Mohammed K Alwashahi
- Surgery Department, ENT Division, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Al Khoud, Muscat, Oman
| | - Antje Welge-Lüssen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Freiherr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jasper H B de Groot
- Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hadar Klein
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Masako Okamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Preet Bano Singh
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - Julien W Hsieh
- Rhinology-Olfactology Unit, ENT Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Thomas Hummel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Helmholtzstr., Dresden, Germany
| | - Steven D Munger
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, , Rm LG-101D, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - John E Hayes
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, Erickson Food Science Building, University Park, PA, USA
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19
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Cerasa A, Fabbricatore C, Ferraro G, Pozzulo R, Martino I, Liuzza MT. Work-Related Stress Among Chefs: A Predictive Model of Health Complaints. Front Public Health 2020; 8:68. [PMID: 32211369 PMCID: PMC7075940 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We studied occupational stress and its effects on health in a sample of Italian chefs using a structural equation modeling (SEM) analytical approach. Methods: In an online study, 710 chefs were recruited through the Italian Chefs Federation. They answered several questionnaires to evaluate whether the risk of occupational stress (measured with the Karasek's Job Content Questionnaire and Siegrist's Effort-Reward Imbalance) correlates with the quality of life and the prevalence of health complaints. We also sought to evaluate whether individual characteristics (age, sex or body mass index) or work-related factors (i.e., chef categories, job duration, and length of working day) might be considered as stress risk factors. Results: Forty-seven percent of the chefs [88% male, mean age: 44.4 ± 6.3 years; body mass index (kg/m2): 28.5 ± 1.2; job duration: 24.9 ± 4.1 years; working hours per week: 66.4 ± 28.9] reported, at least, two or more health complaints (i.e., gastrointestinal, blood pressure, and musculoskeletal problems). SEM analyses demonstrated that occupational job duration and the length of working week in chefs are significantly associated with a lower quality of life and an increasing prevalence of health complaints. This relationship is mediated by the presence of high level of occupational stress, which was revealed with a prevalence ranging from 13.8 to 24.9%. Age, sex, and unhealthy lifestyles do not affect this pattern of findings. Conclusion: Job duration and the length of working day can be considered as stress predictors in chef-related daily activity, which increase the likelihood of illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cerasa
- IRIB, National Research Council, Mangone, Italy.,S. Anna Institute and Research in Advanced Neurorehabilitation (RAN), Crotone, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Iolanda Martino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marco Tullio Liuzza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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20
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Zakrzewska MZ, Liuzza MT, Lindholm T, Blomkvist A, Larsson M, Olofsson JK. An Overprotective Nose? Implicit Bias Is Positively Related to Individual Differences in Body Odor Disgust Sensitivity. Front Psychol 2020; 11:301. [PMID: 32180752 PMCID: PMC7059856 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Body odors are universal elicitors of disgust, a core emotion that plays a key role in the behavioral immune system (BIS) - a set of psychological functions working to avoid disease. Recent studies showed that body odor disgust sensitivity (BODS) is associated with explicit xenophobia and authoritarianism. In the current experimental pre-registered study (https://osf.io/6jkp2/), we investigated the association between olfactory pathogen cues, BODS and implicit bias toward an outgroup (tested by an implicit association test). Results show that BODS is positively related to implicit bias toward an outgroup, suggesting that social attitudes may be linked to basic chemosensory processes. These attitudes were not influenced by background odors. Additionally, BODS was related to social, but not economic conservatism. This study extends the BIS framework to an experimental context by focusing on the role of disgust and body odors in shaping implicit bias.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Tullio Liuzza
- Gösta Ekmans Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Torun Lindholm
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Blomkvist
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Larsson
- Gösta Ekmans Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas K. Olofsson
- Gösta Ekmans Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Cucchi A, Liuzza MT, Saleem ZA, Al Hemiary NJ. A Study on the Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Obsessive Compulsive Behaviour in Iraq: Lessons for Cross-cultural Practice. Int J Cogn Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41811-019-00065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Gjoneska B, Liuzza MT, Porciello G, Caprara GV, Aglioti SM. Bound to the group and blinded by the leader: ideological leader-follower dynamics in a trust economic game. R Soc Open Sci 2019; 6:182023. [PMID: 31598272 PMCID: PMC6774964 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.182023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of trustworthiness in ideological contexts could influence human societies, affect electoral campaigns and ultimately impact democracy. We tested trust behaviour towards political leaders in a sample of 121 opposing/supporting voters assigned as trustors in an iterative trust game (TG). In two experiments, a famous Italian conservative leader (i.e. Silvio Berlusconi) or a famous non-politician were used as trustees in a predefined un/trustworthy TG, while trustors believed that mathematical algorithms reproduced trustee's real behaviour. Results revealed that depending on the group, voters either relied on the situation and adjusted to the behaviour of the out-group leader (in our case left-wing voters), or on their disposition for group-loyalty with respect for authority, thus failing to adjust to the behaviour of the in-group leader (in our case right-wing voters). Our findings suggest that: (i) complex voter-leader relations in politics are reflected in the simple trustor-trustee financial interactions from behavioural economics, and (ii) being bound to one's group and one's leader may affect the trust economic decisions of the followers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Gjoneska
- Academy of Sciences and Arts of North Macedonia, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tullio Liuzza
- Department of Psychology, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, ‘Magna Graecia’ University of Catanzaro, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Porciello
- Department of Psychology, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore M. Aglioti
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome and CLNS@SAPIENZA at the Italian Institute of Technology, Rome, Italy
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23
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Liuzza MT, Macaluso E, Chiesa PA, Lingiardi V, Aglioti SM. An fMRI study on the neural correlates of social conformity to a sexual minority. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4691. [PMID: 30886162 PMCID: PMC6423124 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40447-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Social conformity refers to the tendency to align one's own behaviors, beliefs and values to those of others. Little is known about social influence coming from a minority group. To test whether social pressure from sexual minorities triggers avoidance-motivated behaviors, we explored how being influenced by the preferences of gay peers modifies the behavioral and neural reactivity of individuals defined as in- vs. out- groups on the basis of sexual orientation. To this aim, we combined fMRI with a social conformity paradigm in which heterosexual and gay/bisexual (hereafter non-exclusively heterosexual, NEH) individuals provided with male body attractiveness ratings by a fictitious group of gay students may or may not alter their previous rating and may or may not conform to the mean. Behaviorally, conformity to the minority preference was found in in-group NEH more than in out-group heterosexuals. Analysis of BOLD signal showed that social pressure brought about increased brain activity in frontal and parietal regions associated with the detection of social conflict. These results show that members of a sexual majority group display a smaller level of conformity when a sexual minority group exerts social influence. However, the neural correlates of this modulation are yet to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Liuzza
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185, Rome, Italy.
- IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - E Macaluso
- IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- ImpAct Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (UCBL1, INSERM 1028, CNRS 5292), Lyon, France
| | - P A Chiesa
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - V Lingiardi
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - S M Aglioti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185, Rome, Italy.
- IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
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24
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Liuzza MT, Olofsson JK, Cancino-Montecinos S, Lindholm T. Body Odor Disgust Sensitivity Predicts Moral Harshness Toward Moral Violations of Purity. Front Psychol 2019; 10:458. [PMID: 30890987 PMCID: PMC6412480 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting pathogen threats and avoiding disease is fundamental to human survival. The behavioral immune system (BIS) framework outlines a set of psychological functions that may have evolved for this purpose. Disgust is a core emotion that plays a pivotal role in the BIS, as it activates the behavioral avoidance motives that prevent people from being in contact with pathogens. To date, there has been little agreement on how disgust sensitivity might underlie moral judgments. Here, we investigated moral violations of "purity" (assumed to elicit disgust) and violations of "harm" (assumed to elicit anger). We hypothesized that individual differences in BIS-related traits would be associated with greater disgust (vs. anger) reactivity to, and greater condemnation of Purity (vs. Harm) violations. The study was pre-registered (https://osf.io/57nm8/). Participants (N = 632) rated scenarios concerning moral wrongness or inappropriateness and regarding disgust and anger. To measure individual differences in the activation of the BIS, we used our recently developed Body Odor Disgust Scale (BODS), a BIS-related trait measure that assesses individual differences in feeling disgusted by body odors. In line with our predictions, we found that scores on the BODS relate more strongly to affective reactions to Purity, as compared to Harm, violations. In addition, BODS relates more strongly to Moral condemnation than to perceived Inappropriateness of an action, and to the condemnation of Purity violations as compared to Harm violations. These results suggest that the BIS is involved in moral judgment, although to some extent this role seems to be specific for violations of "moral purity," a response that might be rooted in disease avoidance. Data and scripts to analyze the data are available on the Open Science Framework (OSF) repository: https://osf.io/tk4x5/. Planned analyses are available at https://osf.io/x6g3u/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tullio Liuzza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università degli Studi Magna Græcia di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | | | - Torun Lindholm
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Zakrzewska M, Olofsson JK, Lindholm T, Blomkvist A, Liuzza MT. Body odor disgust sensitivity is associated with prejudice towards a fictive group of immigrants. Physiol Behav 2019; 201:221-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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26
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Abstract
Previous research has documented that correct eyewitness memories are more rapidly recalled and recognized than are incorrect ones, suggesting that retrieval ease is diagnostic of memory accuracy. Building on these findings, the current research explores whether verbal and paraverbal cues to retrieval effort could be used to determine the accuracy of honestly reported eyewitness statements about a crime event. Moreover, we examine the relative role of such effort cues and witnesses' subjective confidence in predicting memory accuracy. The results of 2 studies demonstrate that objectively verifiable verbal and paraverbal cues to retrieval effort are strongly related to honest witnesses' memory accuracy and that several of these cues contribute uniquely to predict accuracy. Moreover, we show that subjective confidence in a memory rests on these effort cues and that the cues mediate the confidence-accuracy relation. Given research showing that most people have vast difficulties in judging the quality of others' memories, combined with the scarcity of research on predictors of genuinely reported memories, these initial findings suggest unexplored alternatives that may prove highly useful for improving accuracy judgments, with potentially far-reaching significance not the least in the legal context. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
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27
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Liuzza MT, Lindholm T, Hawley CB, Gustafsson Sendén M, Ekström I, Olsson MJ, Olofsson JK. Body odour disgust sensitivity predicts authoritarian attitudes. R Soc Open Sci 2018; 5:171091. [PMID: 29515834 PMCID: PMC5830723 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Authoritarianism has resurfaced as a research topic in political psychology, as it appears relevant to explain current political trends. Authoritarian attitudes have been consistently linked to feelings of disgust, an emotion that is thought to have evolved to protect the organism from contamination. We hypothesized that body odour disgust sensitivity (BODS) might be associated with authoritarianism, as chemo-signalling is a primitive system for regulating interpersonal contact and disease avoidance, which are key features also in authoritarianism. We used well-validated scales for measuring BODS, authoritarianism and related constructs. Across two studies, we found that BODS is positively related to authoritarianism. In a third study, we showed a positive association between BODS scores and support for Donald Trump, who, at the time of data collection, was a presidential candidate with an agenda described as resonating with authoritarian attitudes. Authoritarianism fully explained the positive association between BODS and support for Donald Trump. Our findings highlight body odour disgust as a new and promising domain in political psychology research. Authoritarianism and BODS might be part of the same disease avoidance framework, and our results contribute to the growing evidence that contemporary social attitudes might be rooted in basic sensory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tullio Liuzza
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, ‘Magna Graecia’ University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Psychology, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Torun Lindholm
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Ingrid Ekström
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats J. Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas K. Olofsson
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish Collegium of Advanced Study, Uppsala, Sweden
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28
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Ponsi G, Panasiti MS, Aglioti SM, Liuzza MT. Correction: Right-wing authoritarianism and stereotype-driven expectations interact in shaping intergroup trust in one-shot vs multiple-round social interactions. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191811. [PMID: 29352296 PMCID: PMC5774835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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29
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Ponsi G, Panasiti MS, Aglioti SM, Liuzza MT. Right-wing authoritarianism and stereotype-driven expectations interact in shaping intergroup trust in one-shot vs multiple-round social interactions. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0190142. [PMID: 29284019 PMCID: PMC5746237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Trust towards unrelated individuals is often conditioned by information about previous social interactions that can be derived from either personal or vicarious experience (e.g., reputation). Intergroup stereotypes can be operationalized as expectations about other groups’ traits/attitudes/behaviors that heavily influence our behavioral predictions when interacting with them. In this study we investigated the role of perceived social dimensions of the Stereotype Content Model (SCM)–Warmth (W) and Competence (C)—in affecting trusting behavior towards different European national group members during the Trust Game. Given the well-known role of ideological attitudes in regulating stereotypes, we also measured individual differences in right-wing authoritarianism (RWA). In Experiment 1, we designed an online survey to study one-shot intergroup trust decisions by employing putative members of the European Union states which were also rated along SCM dimensions. We found that low-RWA participants’ trusting behavior was driven by perceived warmth (i.e., the dimension signaling the benevolence of social intentions) when interacting with low-C groups. In Experiment 2, we investigated the dynamics of trust in a multiple-round version of the European Trust Game. We found that in low-RWA participants trusting behavior decreased over time when interacting with high-W groups (i.e., expected to reciprocate trust), but did not change when interacting with low-W groups (i.e., expected not to reciprocate trust). Moreover, we found that high-RWA participants’ trusting behavior decreased when facing low-W groups but not high-W ones. This suggests that low-RWA individuals employ reputational priors but are also permeable to external evidence when learning about others’ trustworthiness. In contrast, high-RWA individuals kept relying on stereotypes despite contextual information. These results confirm the pivotal role played by reputational priors triggered by perceived warmth in shaping social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Ponsi
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
- Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail: (GP); (MSP)
| | - Maria Serena Panasiti
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
- Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail: (GP); (MSP)
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
- Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tullio Liuzza
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
- Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, Loc. Germaneto, Catanzaro
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30
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Chiesa PA, Liuzza MT, Macaluso E, Aglioti SM. Brain activity induced by implicit processing of others' pain and pleasure. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:5562-5576. [PMID: 28833833 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies indicate that both explicit and implicit processing of affectively charged stimuli may be reflected in specific behavioural markers and physiological signatures. Here, we investigated whether the pleasantness ratings of a neutral target were affected by the subliminal perception of a painful (a slap) or pleasant (a caress) touch delivered to others. In particular, we combined the continuous flash suppression technique with the affective misattribution procedure to explore subliminal processing of observed pain and pleasure in others. Results show that participants rated the neutral target as more or less likeable depending on whether they were subliminally primed with the pleasant or painful facial expression, respectively. The fMRI activity associated with painful and pleasant subliminal priming was mainly present in the anterior prefrontal cortex and the primary sensorimotor cortex, respectively. Thus, our study provides behavioural and neuro-physiological evidence that: (i) emotional reactivity toward positive or negative states of others can occur at an entirely subliminal level; (ii) specific neural substrates underpin reactivity to positive- and negative-valence of social emotions. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5562-5576, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Andrea Chiesa
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.,IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tullio Liuzza
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.,IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emiliano Macaluso
- IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,ImpAct Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (UCBL1, INSERM 1028, CNRS 5292), Lyon, France
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.,IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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31
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Liuzza MT, Lindholm T, Hawley C, Sendén MG, Ekström I, Olsson MJ, Larsson M, Olofsson JK. The Body Odor Disgust Scale (BODS): Development and Validation of a Novel Olfactory Disgust Assessment. Chem Senses 2017. [PMID: 28633463 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjw107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Disgust plays a crucial role in the avoidance of pathogen threats. In many species, body odors provide important information related to health and disease, and body odors are potent elicitors of disgust in humans. With this background, valid assessments of body odor disgust sensitivity are warranted. In the present article, we report the development and psychometric validation of the Body Odor Disgust Scale (BODS), a measure suited to assess individual differences in disgust reaction to a variety of body odors. Collected data from 3 studies (total n = 528) show that the scale can be used either as a unidimensional scale or as a scale that reflects two hypothesized factors: sensitivity to one's own body odors versus those of others. Guided by our results, we reduced the scale to 12 items that capture the essence of these 2 factors. The final version of the BODS shows an excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's αs > 0.9). The BODS subscales show convergent validity with other general disgust scales, as well as with other olfactory functions measures and with aspects of personality that are related to pathogen avoidance. A fourth study confirmed the construct validity of the BODS and its measurement invariance to gender. Moreover, we found that, compared with other general disgust scales, the BODS is more strongly related to perceived vulnerability to disease. The BODS is a brief and valid assessment of trait body odor disgust sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tullio Liuzza
- Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Frescati Hagväg 9A, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torun Lindholm
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caitlin Hawley
- Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Frescati Hagväg 9A, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ingrid Ekström
- Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Frescati Hagväg 9A, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats J Olsson
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Fogdevreten 2a, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden and
| | - Maria Larsson
- Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Frescati Hagväg 9A, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas K Olofsson
- Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Frescati Hagväg 9A, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.,Swedish Collegium of Advanced Study, Thunbergsvägen 2, 752 38 Uppsala, Sweden
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32
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Syrjänen E, Liuzza MT, Fischer H, Olofsson JK. Do Valenced Odors and Trait Body Odor Disgust Affect Evaluation of Emotion in Dynamic Faces? Perception 2017; 46:1412-1426. [DOI: 10.1177/0301006617720831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Disgust is a core emotion evolved to detect and avoid the ingestion of poisonous food as well as the contact with pathogens and other harmful agents. Previous research has shown that multisensory presentation of olfactory and visual information may strengthen the processing of disgust-relevant information. However, it is not known whether these findings extend to dynamic facial stimuli that changes from neutral to emotionally expressive, or if individual differences in trait body odor disgust may influence the processing of disgust-related information. In this preregistered study, we tested whether a classification of dynamic facial expressions as happy or disgusted, and an emotional evaluation of these facial expressions, would be affected by individual differences in body odor disgust sensitivity, and by exposure to a sweat-like, negatively valenced odor (valeric acid), as compared with a soap-like, positively valenced odor (lilac essence) or a no-odor control. Using Bayesian hypothesis testing, we found evidence that odors do not affect recognition of emotion in dynamic faces even when body odor disgust sensitivity was used as moderator. However, an exploratory analysis suggested that an unpleasant odor context may cause faster RTs for faces, independent of their emotional expression. Our results further our understanding of the scope and limits of odor effects on facial perception affect and suggest further studies should focus on reproducibility, specifying experimental circumstances where odor effects on facial expressions may be present versus absent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Tullio Liuzza
- Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Jonas K. Olofsson
- Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study, Uppsala, Sweden
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Liuzza MT, Olofsson JK, Sabiniewicz A, Sorokowska A. Body Odor Trait Disgust Sensitivity Predicts Perception of Sweat Biosamples. Chem Senses 2017; 42:479-485. [DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjx026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Porciello G, Liuzza MT, Minio-Paluello I, Caprara GV, Aglioti SM. Fortunes and misfortunes of political leaders reflected in the eyes of their electors. Exp Brain Res 2015; 234:733-40. [PMID: 26608513 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-015-4496-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gaze-following is a pivotal social behaviour that, although largely automatic, is permeable to high-order variables like political affiliation. A few years ago we reported that the gaze of Italian right-wing voters was selectively captured by the gaze of their leader Silvio Berlusconi. This effect was particularly evident in voters who saw themselves as similar to Berlusconi. Two years later, we were able to run the present follow-up study because Berlusconi's popularity had drastically dropped due to sex and political scandals, and he resigned from office. In a representative subsample of our original group, we investigated whether perceived similarity and gaze-following reflected Berlusconi's loss in popularity. We were also able to test the same hypothesis in an independent group of right-wing voters when their leader, Renata Polverini, resigned as Governor of 'Regione Lazio' due to political scandals. Our results show that the leaders' fall in popularity paralleled the reduction of their gaze's attracting power, as well as the decrease in similarity perceived by their voters. The less similar right-wing voters felt to their leader, the less they followed his/her gaze. Thus, the present experimental findings suggest that gaze-following can be modulated by complex situational and dispositional factors such as leader's popularity and voter-leader perceived similarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Porciello
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185, Rome, Italy. .,Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco Tullio Liuzza
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Minio-Paluello
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Vittorio Caprara
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185, Rome, Italy. .,Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
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Cazzato V, Liuzza MT, Caprara GV, Macaluso E, Aglioti SM. The attracting power of the gaze of politicians is modulated by the personality and ideological attitude of their voters: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 42:2534-45. [PMID: 26262561 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Observing someone rapidly moving their eyes induces reflexive shifts of overt and covert attention in the onlooker. Previous studies have shown that this process can be modulated by the onlooker's personality, as well as by the social features of the person depicted in the cued face. Here, we investigated whether an individual's preference for social dominance orientation, in-group perceived similarity (PS), and political affiliation of the cued-face modulated neural activity within specific nodes of the social attention network. During functional magnetic resonance imaging, participants were requested to perform a gaze-following task to investigate whether the directional gaze of various Italian political personages might influence the oculomotor behaviour of in-group or out-group voters. After scanning, we acquired measures of PS in personality traits with each political personage and preference for social dominance orientation. Behavioural data showed that higher gaze interference for in-group than out-group political personages was predicted by a higher preference for social hierarchy. Higher blood oxygenation level-dependent activity in incongruent vs. congruent conditions was found in areas associated with orienting to socially salient events and monitoring response conflict, namely the left frontal eye field, right supramarginal gyrus, mid-cingulate cortex and left anterior insula. Interestingly, higher ratings of PS with the in-group and less preference for social hierarchy predicted increased activity in the left frontal eye field during distracting gaze movements of in-group as compared with out-group political personages. Our results suggest that neural activity in the social orienting circuit is modulated by higher-order social dimensions, such as in-group PS and individual differences in ideological attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cazzato
- Department of Psychology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Neuroimaging Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tullio Liuzza
- Department of Psychology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Neuroimaging Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Vittorio Caprara
- Department of Psychology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- Department of Psychology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Neuroimaging Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Motor resonance (MR) contingent upon action observation is thought to occur largely automatically. Although recent studies suggest that this process is not completely impervious to top-down modulations, much less is known on the possible role of the moral connotation of observed action goal in modulating MR. Here, we explored whether observing actions with different moral connotations modulates MR and whether any modulation depends on the onlookers' personality. To this aim, we recorded motor potentials evoked by single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation from hand muscles of participants who were watching images of a model performing hand actions with the same postures and low-level goals (i.e. grasping an object) but with different moral connotations ('stealing a wallet' vs 'picking up a notepaper'). Participants' personality traits were measured using the temperament and character inventory. Results show a selective suppression of corticospinal excitability during observation of immoral actions in individuals with high scores in harm avoidance, a personality trait characterized by excessive worrying and fearfulness. Thus, a combination of dispositional (personality traits) and situational (morality of an action) variables appears to influence MR with the observed actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tullio Liuzza
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy and IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy and IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Candidi
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy and IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy and IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Sforza
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy and IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy and IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy and IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy and IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
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Tidoni E, Grisoni L, Liuzza MT, Aglioti SM. Rubber hand illusion highlights massive visual capture and sensorimotor face-hand remapping in a tetraplegic man. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2014; 32:611-22. [DOI: 10.3233/rnn-130385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuele Tidoni
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Universitá di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - Luigi Grisoni
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy
- Brain Language Laboratory, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Tullio Liuzza
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Universitá di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Universitá di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
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Liuzza MT, Vecchione M, Dentale F, Crostella F, Barbaranelli C, Caprara GV, Aglioti SM. A look into the ballot box: gaze following conveys information about implicit attitudes toward politicians. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2013; 66:209-16. [PMID: 23286381 DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2012.754909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Although considered a predominantly automatic social behaviour, gaze following (GF) is sensitive to complex social factors like political affiliation and ideology. The present study aimed to determine whether the differential proneness to in-group leaders' gaze is related to attitudes towards politicians as measured by other implicit procedures. A GF paradigm was used to test the extent to which electors were prone to gaze following when attending to two female candidates who competed for the position of governor in an Italian election campaign. Results showed that GF significantly predicts voting intentions. Also, it was found that GF is significantly and positively correlated with the Implicit Association Test (IAT). Hierarchical multiple regression models illustrated that GF and IAT uniquely predict voting intentions, accounting for a substantial proportion of variance. Thus GF and IAT, even though significantly related, seem to account for different aspects of the attitudes towards candidates. A multivariate regression model showed that, while IAT scores are predicted by explicit emotions toward the candidate, GF is predicted by the candidates' perceived influence within their political coalition.
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Liuzza MT, Setti A, Borghi AM. Kids observing other kids' hands: visuomotor priming in children. Conscious Cogn 2011; 21:383-92. [PMID: 22014465 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2011.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated motor resonance in children using a priming paradigm. Participants were asked to judge the weight of an object shortly primed by a hand in an action-related posture (grasp) or a non action-related one (fist). The hand prime could belong to a child or to an adult. We found faster response times when the object was preceded by a grasp hand posture (motor resonance effect). More crucially, participants were faster when the prime was a child's hand, suggesting that it could belong to their body schema, particularly when the child's hand was followed by a light object (motor simulation effect). A control experiment helped us to clarify the role of the hand prime. To our knowledge this is the first behavioral evidence of motor simulation and motor resonance in children. Implications of the results for the development of the sense of body ownership and for conceptual development are discussed.
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Liuzza MT, Cazzato V, Vecchione M, Crostella F, Caprara GV, Aglioti SM. Follow my eyes: the gaze of politicians reflexively captures the gaze of ingroup voters. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25117. [PMID: 21957479 PMCID: PMC3177843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in human and non-human primates indicate that basic socio-cognitive operations are inherently linked to the power of gaze in capturing reflexively the attention of an observer. Although monkey studies indicate that the automatic tendency to follow the gaze of a conspecific is modulated by the leader-follower social status, evidence for such effects in humans is meager. Here, we used a gaze following paradigm where the directional gaze of right- or left-wing Italian political characters could influence the oculomotor behavior of ingroup or outgroup voters. We show that the gaze of Berlusconi, the right-wing leader currently dominating the Italian political landscape, potentiates and inhibits gaze following behavior in ingroup and outgroup voters, respectively. Importantly, the higher the perceived similarity in personality traits between voters and Berlusconi, the stronger the gaze interference effect. Thus, higher-order social variables such as political leadership and affiliation prepotently affect reflexive shifts of attention.
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