1
|
Zajicek M, Berkowitz E, Yulzari V, Kassif E, Burke Y, Elizur S, Inbar Y, Zolti M, Weisz B, Soriano D. Ultrasound appearance of decidualized non-ovarian endometriotic lesions during pregnancy and after delivery. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2024; 63:258-262. [PMID: 37740663 DOI: 10.1002/uog.27484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the changes in the ultrasound characteristics of decidualized non-ovarian endometriotic lesions that occur during pregnancy and after delivery. METHODS This was a prospective observational cohort study carried out at a single tertiary center between December 2018 and October 2021. Pregnant women with endometriosis underwent a standardized transvaginal ultrasound examination with color Doppler imaging once in every trimester and after delivery. Non-ovarian endometriotic lesions were measured and evaluated by subjective semiquantitative assessment of blood flow. Lesions with moderate-to-marked blood flow were considered decidualized. The size and vascularization of decidualized and non-decidualized lesions were compared between the gravid state and after delivery. Only patients with non-ovarian endometriotic lesion(s) who underwent postpartum examination were included in the final analysis. RESULTS Overall, 26 pregnant women with a surgical or sonographic diagnosis of endometriosis made prior to conception were invited to participate in the study, of whom 24 were recruited. Of those, 13 women with non-ovarian endometriosis who attended the postpartum examination were included. In 7/13 (54%) cases, the lesion(s) were decidualized. In 4/7 (57%) women with decidualized lesion(s), the size of the largest lesion increased during pregnancy, while in 3/7 (43%), the size was unchanged. The size of non-decidualized lesions did not change during pregnancy. On postpartum examination, only seven lesions were observed, of which three were formerly decidualized and four were formerly non-decidualized. Lesions that were detected after delivery appeared as typical endometriotic nodules and were smaller compared with during pregnancy. The difference in maximum diameter between the gravid and postpartum states was statistically significant in decidualized lesions (P < 0.01), but not in non-decidualized lesions (P = 0.09). The reduction in mean diameter was greater in decidualized compared with non-decidualized lesions (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Decidualization was observed in 54% of women with non-ovarian endometriotic lesion(s) and resolved after delivery. Our findings suggest that the sonographic features of decidualization, which might mimic malignancy, are pregnancy-related and that expectant management and careful monitoring should be applied in these cases. Clinicians should be aware of the changes observed during pregnancy to avoid misdiagnosing decidualized lesions as malignancy and performing unnecessary surgery. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Zajicek
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecological Imaging and Fetal Therapy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - E Berkowitz
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Endometriosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - V Yulzari
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecological Imaging and Fetal Therapy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - E Kassif
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecological Imaging and Fetal Therapy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Y Burke
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Endometriosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - S Elizur
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Endometriosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Y Inbar
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Radiology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - M Zolti
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Endometriosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - B Weisz
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecological Imaging and Fetal Therapy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - D Soriano
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Endometriosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Amormino P, Mercier B, Inbar Y. Anticipated affect predicts moral praise and character judgments. J Pers Soc Psychol 2024:2024-42934-001. [PMID: 38206852 DOI: 10.1037/pspa0000377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
In four preregistered studies (total N = 5,067), we investigated whether people use their own anticipated affective responses to a situation to make judgments about the praiseworthiness of helping and the moral character of helpers. We found that helpers in more affectively arousing scenarios were seen as more morally motivated, received greater praise, and were seen as having more positive moral character, even when controlling for the perceived benefits of helping. Describing helpers as unemotional reduced the effect of observers' anticipated affect on character judgments. These results suggest that when making praise and character judgments, people not only consider the consequences of a helper's actions but also the emotions they experience when engaging in them-and that they use their own anticipated emotional experience to do this. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yoel Inbar
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Inbar Y, Waldhof G. Mitigating consequence insensitivity for genetically engineered crops. J Exp Psychol Appl 2023; 29:584-598. [PMID: 36355643 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Many opponents of genetically engineered (GE) food say that it ought to be prohibited regardless of the risks and benefits (Scott et al., 2016). If many people are truly unwilling to consider risks and benefits in evaluating GE technology, this poses serious problems for scientists and policymakers. In a large demographically-representative German sample (N = 3,025), we investigate consequence-insensitive beliefs about GE crops among GE supporters and opponents, as well as whether these beliefs can be mitigated. We find that a large majority of opponents and a substantial minority of supporters are consequence-insensitive: They say that risks and benefits are irrelevant to their views. At the same time, the responses of consequence-insensitive participants to subsequent belief probes show substantial flexibility. Participants often gave responses inconsistent with the unconditional prohibition or permission of GE crops. These results suggest that professed consequence insensitivity should be taken as an expression of a strong moral belief rather than as literal endorsement of policy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoel Inbar
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto
| | - Gabi Waldhof
- Department of Structural Change, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schwartz SA, Inbar Y. Is it good to feel bad about littering? Conflict between moral beliefs and behaviors for everyday transgressions. Cognition 2023; 236:105437. [PMID: 36989917 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
People sometimes do things that they think are morally wrong. We investigate how actors' perceptions of the morality of their own behaviors affects observer evaluations. In Study 1 (n = 302), we presented participants with six different descriptions of actors who routinely engaged in a morally questionable behavior and varied whether the actors thought the behavior was morally wrong. Actors who believed their behavior was wrong were seen as having better moral character, but their behavior was rated as more wrong. In Study 2 (n = 391) we investigated whether perceptions of actor metadesires were responsible for the effects of actor beliefs on character judgments. We used the same stimuli and measures as in Study 1 but added a measure of the actor's perceived desires to engage in the behaviors. As predicted, the effect of actors' moral beliefs on judgments of their moral character was mediated by perceived metadesires. In Study 3 (n = 1092) we replicated these findings in a between-participants design and further found that the effect of actor beliefs on act and character judgments was moderated by participant beliefs about the general acceptability of the behavior.
Collapse
|
5
|
Evers ERK, O'Donnell M, Inbar Y. Arbitrary fairness in reward and punishments. J Exp Psychol Gen 2022; 152:956-967. [PMID: 36442034 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
People have a strong preference for fairness. For many, fairness means equal reward and punishments for equal efforts and offences. However, this belief does not specify the units in which equality should be expressed. We show that people generally fail to take the interchangeability of units into account when judging and assigning fair punishments and reward. Therefore, judgments about and distributions of resources are strongly influenced by arbitrary decisions about which unit to express them in. For example, if points represent different monetary values for different recipients, people attempt to distribute money equally if money is salient but attempt to distribute points equally if points are salient. Because beliefs about fairness are a fundamental principle in many domains, the implications of these findings are broad. Essentially any distribution of outcomes can be made to appear more or less fair by changing the units these outcomes are expressed in. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang SYN, Inbar Y. Re-examining the spread of moralized rhetoric from political elites: Effects of valence and ideology. J Exp Psychol Gen 2022; 151:3292-3303. [PMID: 35727315 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We examine the robustness of previous research finding increased diffusion of Twitter messages ("tweets") containing moral rhetoric. We use a distributed language model to examine the moral language used by U.S. political elites in two corpora of tweets: one from 2016 presidential candidates Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump, and one from U.S. Members of Congress. Consistent with previous research, we find greater diffusion for tweets containing moral rhetoric, but this is qualified by moral language valence and elite ideology. For both presidential candidates and Members of Congress, negative moral language is associated with increased message diffusion. Positive moral language is not associated with diffusion for presidential candidates and is negatively associated with diffusion for Members of Congress. In both data sets, the relationship between negative moral language and message diffusion is stronger for liberals than conservatives. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
7
|
Bago B, Kovacs M, Protzko J, Nagy T, Kekecs Z, Palfi B, Adamkovic M, Adamus S, Albalooshi S, Albayrak-Aydemir N, Alfian IN, Alper S, Alvarez-Solas S, Alves SG, Amaya S, Andresen PK, Anjum G, Ansari D, Arriaga P, Aruta JJBR, Arvanitis A, Babincak P, Barzykowski K, Bashour B, Baskin E, Batalha L, Batres C, Bavolar J, Bayrak F, Becker B, Becker M, Belaus A, Białek M, Bilancini E, Boller D, Boncinelli L, Boudesseul J, Brown BT, Buchanan EM, Butt MM, Calvillo DP, Carnes NC, Celniker JB, Chartier CR, Chopik WJ, Chotikavan P, Chuan-Peng H, Clancy RF, Çoker O, Correia RC, Adoric VC, Cubillas CP, Czoschke S, Daryani Y, de Grefte JAM, de Vries WC, Burak EGD, Dias C, Dixson BJW, Du X, Dumančić F, Dumbravă A, Dutra NB, Enachescu J, Esteban-Serna C, Eudave L, Evans TR, Feldman G, Felisberti FM, Fiedler S, Findor A, Fleischmann A, Foroni F, Francová R, Frank DA, Fu CHY, Gao S, Ghasemi O, Ghazi-Noori AR, Ghossainy ME, Giammusso I, Gill T, Gjoneska B, Gollwitzer M, Graton A, Grinberg M, Groyecka-Bernard A, Harris EA, Hartanto A, Hassan WANM, Hatami J, Heimark KR, Hidding JJJ, Hristova E, Hruška M, Hudson CA, Huskey R, Ikeda A, Inbar Y, Ingram GPD, Isler O, Isloi C, Iyer A, Jaeger B, Janssen SMJ, Jiménez-Leal W, Jokić B, Kačmár P, Kadreva V, Kaminski G, Karimi-Malekabadi F, Kasper ATA, Kendrick KM, Kennedy BJ, Kocalar HE, Kodapanakkal RI, Kowal M, Kruse E, Kučerová L, Kühberger A, Kuzminska AO, Lalot F, Lamm C, Lammers J, Lange EB, Lantian A, Lau IYM, Lazarevic LB, Leliveld MC, Lenz JN, Levitan CA, Lewis SC, Li M, Li Y, Li H, Lima TJS, Lins S, Liuzza MT, Lopes P, Lu JG, Lynds T, Máčel M, Mackinnon SP, Maganti M, Magraw-Mickelson Z, Magson LF, Manley H, Marcu GM, Seršić DM, Matibag CJ, Mattiassi ADA, Mazidi M, McFall JP, McLatchie N, Mensink MC, Miketta L, Milfont TL, Mirisola A, Misiak M, Mitkidis P, Moeini-Jazani M, Monajem A, Moreau D, Musser ED, Narhetali E, Ochoa DP, Olsen J, Owsley NC, Özdoğru AA, Panning M, Papadatou-Pastou M, Parashar N, Pärnamets P, Paruzel-Czachura M, Parzuchowski M, Paterlini JV, Pavlacic JM, Peker M, Peters K, Piatnitckaia L, Pinto I, Policarpio MR, Pop-Jordanova N, Pratama AJ, Primbs MA, Pronizius E, Purić D, Puvia E, Qamari V, Qian K, Quiamzade A, Ráczová B, Reinero DA, Reips UD, Reyna C, Reynolds K, Ribeiro MFF, Röer JP, Ross RM, Roussos P, Ruiz-Dodobara F, Ruiz-Fernandez S, Rutjens BT, Rybus K, Samekin A, Santos AC, Say N, Schild C, Schmidt K, Ścigała KA, Sharifian M, Shi J, Shi Y, Sievers E, Sirota M, Slipenkyj M, Solak Ç, Sorokowska A, Sorokowski P, Söylemez S, Steffens NK, Stephen ID, Sternisko A, Stevens-Wilson L, Stewart SLK, Stieger S, Storage D, Strube J, Susa KJ, Szekely-Copîndean RD, Szostak NM, Takwin B, Tatachari S, Thomas AG, Tiede KE, Tiong LE, Tonković M, Trémolière B, Tunstead LV, Türkan BN, Twardawski M, Vadillo MA, Vally Z, Vaughn LA, Verschuere B, Vlašiček D, Voracek M, Vranka MA, Wang S, West SL, Whyte S, Wilton LS, Wlodarczyk A, Wu X, Xin F, Yadanar S, Yama H, Yamada Y, Yilmaz O, Yoon S, Young DM, Zakharov I, Zein RA, Zettler I, Žeželj IL, Zhang DC, Zhang J, Zheng X, Hoekstra R, Aczel B. Publisher Correction: Situational factors shape moral judgements in the trolley dilemma in Eastern, Southern and Western countries in a culturally diverse sample. Nat Hum Behav 2022; 6:897-898. [PMID: 35668099 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-022-01403-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bence Bago
- Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
| | - Marton Kovacs
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - John Protzko
- University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Tamas Nagy
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Kekecs
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Palfi
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matus Adamkovic
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Prešov, Prešov, Slovakia.,Institute for Research and Development of Education, Faculty of Education, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Sylwia Adamus
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | - Sara Alvarez-Solas
- Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Grupo de Biogeografía y Ecología Espacial (BioGeoE2), Napo, Ecuador
| | - Sara G Alves
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Santiago Amaya
- Department of Philosophy, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Gulnaz Anjum
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel Ansari
- Department of Psychology and The Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Peter Babincak
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Prešov, Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Krystian Barzykowski
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bana Bashour
- Department of Philosophy, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Luisa Batalha
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carlota Batres
- Department of Psychology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, USA
| | - Jozef Bavolar
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | | | - Benjamin Becker
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Maja Becker
- CLLE, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Anabel Belaus
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (IIPsi, Conicet-UNC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Michał Białek
- Instutute of Psychology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ennio Bilancini
- IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy.,GAME Science Research Center, Lucca, Italy
| | | | - Leonardo Boncinelli
- Department of Economics and Management, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Jordane Boudesseul
- Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad de Lima, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Erin M Buchanan
- Harrisburg University of Science and Technology, Harrisburg, PA, USA
| | | | - Dustin P Calvillo
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, USA
| | - Nate C Carnes
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, USA
| | - Jared B Celniker
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - William J Chopik
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Poom Chotikavan
- Faculty of Psychology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hu Chuan-Peng
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rockwell F Clancy
- Department of Values, Technology, and Innovation, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Ogeday Çoker
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Rita C Correia
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Carmelo P Cubillas
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefan Czoschke
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yalda Daryani
- Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Job A M de Grefte
- Faculty of Philosophy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Faculty of Economics, Econometrics, and Finance, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wieteke C de Vries
- Marketing Department, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Carina Dias
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Barnaby J W Dixson
- The School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xinkai Du
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Francesca Dumančić
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrei Dumbravă
- Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iași, Romania.,George I.M. Georgescu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Iași, Romania
| | - Natalia B Dutra
- Laboratório de Evolução do Comportamento Humano, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Janina Enachescu
- Department of Occupational, Economic and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Celia Esteban-Serna
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Luis Eudave
- School of Education and Psychology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Thomas R Evans
- School of Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, Greenwich, UK
| | - Gilad Feldman
- Department of Psychology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Susann Fiedler
- Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrej Findor
- Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Francesco Foroni
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Radka Francová
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Cynthia H Y Fu
- School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Shan Gao
- School of Foreign Languages, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Omid Ghasemi
- Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Maliki E Ghossainy
- Wheelock College of Education and Human Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isabella Giammusso
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Tripat Gill
- Lazaridis School of Business and Economics, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Biljana Gjoneska
- Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Mario Gollwitzer
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | | | - Maurice Grinberg
- Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology, New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Andree Hartanto
- School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Javad Hatami
- Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katrina R Heimark
- Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad de Lima, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Evgeniya Hristova
- Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology, New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Matej Hruška
- Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Richard Huskey
- Department of Communication, Center for Mind and Brain, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ayumi Ikeda
- Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoel Inbar
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gordon P D Ingram
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ozan Isler
- School of Economics and Finance, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Behavioural Economics, Society and Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Steve M J Janssen
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | | | - Biljana Jokić
- Laboratory for Research of Individual Differences, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Pavol Kačmár
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Veselina Kadreva
- Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology, New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | | | | | - Keith M Kendrick
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Halil E Kocalar
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | | | - Marta Kowal
- Instutute of Psychology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elliott Kruse
- EGADE Business School, Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | - Lenka Kučerová
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | | | | | | | - Claus Lamm
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joris Lammers
- Social Cognition Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elke B Lange
- Department of Music, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anthony Lantian
- Département de Psychologie, Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale, UPL, University Paris Nanterre, Paris, France
| | - Ivy Y-M Lau
- School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ljiljana B Lazarevic
- Laboratory for Research of Individual Differences, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marijke C Leliveld
- Marketing Department, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jennifer N Lenz
- Department of Psychology and Psychodynamics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | | | | | - Manyu Li
- University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA
| | - Yansong Li
- Reward, Competition and Social Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haozheng Li
- Institute of Applied Psychology, School of Public Administration, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tiago J S Lima
- Department of Social and Work Psychology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Samuel Lins
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marco Tullio Liuzza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Paula Lopes
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jackson G Lu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Trent Lynds
- Department of Psychology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Máčel
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Sean P Mackinnon
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Zoe Magraw-Mickelson
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Leon F Magson
- Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Harry Manley
- Faculty of Psychology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Gabriela M Marcu
- Department of Psychology, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Sibiu, Romania
| | - Darja Masli Seršić
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Mahdi Mazidi
- Centre for the Advancement of Research on Emotion, School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Joseph P McFall
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Fredonia, Fredonia, NY, USA
| | | | - Michael C Mensink
- Psychology Department, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, WI, USA
| | - Lena Miketta
- Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Alberto Mirisola
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Michal Misiak
- Instutute of Psychology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.,School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Panagiotis Mitkidis
- Department of Management, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Arash Monajem
- Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - David Moreau
- School of Psychology and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Danielle P Ochoa
- Department of Psychology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Jerome Olsen
- Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Philip Pärnamets
- New York University, New York, NY, USA.,Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Michal Parzuchowski
- Center for Research on Cognition and Behavior, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities in Sopot, Sopot, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Kim Peters
- Department of Management, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Isabel Pinto
- Center of Psychology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | - Ekaterina Pronizius
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Danka Purić
- Laboratory for Research of Individual Differences, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Elisa Puvia
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vahid Qamari
- Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kun Qian
- Institute of Decision Science for a Sustainable Society, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Alain Quiamzade
- University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,UniDistance Switzerland, Sierre, Switzerland
| | - Beáta Ráczová
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Diego A Reinero
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ulf-Dietrich Reips
- Research Methods, Assessment, and iScience, Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Cecilia Reyna
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (IIPsi, Conicet-UNC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Kimberly Reynolds
- Department of Psychology, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA, USA
| | | | - Jan P Röer
- Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Robert M Ross
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Petros Roussos
- Department of Psychology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Susana Ruiz-Fernandez
- FOM University of Applied Sciences, Essen, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Katarzyna Rybus
- Center for Research on Cognition and Behavior, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities in Sopot, Sopot, Poland
| | - Adil Samekin
- M. Narikbayev KAZGUU University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Anabela C Santos
- Iscte-University Institute of Lisbon, CIS-IUL, Lisbon, Portugal.,Aventura Social and DESSH, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Institute of Environmental Health, Medicine Faculty, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nicolas Say
- Prague University of Economics and Business, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Kathleen Schmidt
- School of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Jiaxin Shi
- Department of Psychology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yaoxi Shi
- Imperial College Business School, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Erin Sievers
- Department of Psychology, Ashland University, Ashland, OH, USA
| | | | - Michael Slipenkyj
- Department of Psychology and The Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ian D Stephen
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anni Sternisko
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Stefan Stieger
- Department of Psychology and Psychodynamics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Daniel Storage
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Kyle J Susa
- California State University, Bakersfield, CA, USA
| | | | - Natalia M Szostak
- Center for Research on Cognition and Behavior, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities in Sopot, Sopot, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | - Lucas E Tiong
- School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mirjana Tonković
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Belgüzar N Türkan
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Mathias Twardawski
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Miguel A Vadillo
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Zahir Vally
- Department of Clinical Psychology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Wolfson College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Denis Vlašiček
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martin Voracek
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Shuzhen Wang
- Institute of Applied Psychology, School of Public Administration, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Skye-Loren West
- Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Stephen Whyte
- School of Economics and Finance, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Behavioural Economics, Society and Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leigh S Wilton
- Department of Psychology, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA
| | - Anna Wlodarczyk
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Xue Wu
- Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fei Xin
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Su Yadanar
- University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Hiroshi Yama
- School of Literature and Human Sciences, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamada
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Sangsuk Yoon
- Department of Management and Marketing, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
| | | | - Ilya Zakharov
- Psychological Institute of Russian Academy of Education, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Ingo Zettler
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Iris L Žeželj
- Laboratory for Research of Individual Differences, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Don C Zhang
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Institute of Applied Psychology, School of Public Administration, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zheng
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Balazs Aczel
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
van Leeuwen F, Inbar Y, Petersen MB, Aarøe L, Barclay P, Barlow FK, de Barra M, Becker DV, Borovoi L, Choi J, Consedine NS, Conway JR, Conway P, Adoric VC, Demirci E, Fernández AM, Ferreira DCS, Ishii K, Jakšić I, Ji T, Jonaityte I, Lewis DMG, Li NP, McIntyre JC, Mukherjee S, Park JH, Pawlowski B, Pizarro D, Prokop P, Prodromitis G, Rantala MJ, Reynolds LM, Sandin B, Sevi B, Srinivasan N, Tewari S, Yong JC, Žeželj I, Tybur JM. Disgust sensitivity relates to attitudes toward gay men and lesbian women across 31 nations. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/13684302211067151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous work has reported a relation between pathogen-avoidance motivations and prejudice toward various social groups, including gay men and lesbian women. It is currently unknown whether this association is present across cultures, or specific to North America. Analyses of survey data from adult heterosexuals ( N = 11,200) from 31 countries showed a small relation between pathogen disgust sensitivity (an individual-difference measure of pathogen-avoidance motivations) and measures of antigay attitudes. Analyses also showed that pathogen disgust sensitivity relates not only to antipathy toward gay men and lesbians, but also to negativity toward other groups, in particular those associated with violations of traditional sexual norms (e.g., prostitutes). These results suggest that the association between pathogen-avoidance motivations and antigay attitudes is relatively stable across cultures and is a manifestation of a more general relation between pathogen-avoidance motivations and prejudice towards groups associated with sexual norm violations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Leah Borovoi
- National Institute for Testing and Evaluation, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David M. G. Lewis
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, and Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pavol Prokop
- Comenius University, Slovakia
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovakia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Costa E, Inbar Y, Tannenbaum D. Do Registered Reports Make Scientific Findings More Believable to the Public? Collabra: Psychology 2022. [DOI: 10.1525/collabra.32607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Registered reports are an important initiative to improve the methodological rigor and transparency of scientific studies. One possible benefit of registered reports is that they may increase public acceptance of controversial research findings. We test this question by providing participants in a large US-based sample (n = 1,500) with descriptions of the key features of registered reports and the standard peer-review process, and then eliciting credibility judgments for various scientific results. We do not find evidence that participants view findings from registered reports as more credible than findings conducted under a standard (non-registered) report. This was true for both plausible and implausible study findings. Our results help clarify public attitudes and beliefs about scientific findings in light of recent methodological developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Costa
- Department of Management, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Yoel Inbar
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Tannenbaum
- Department of Management, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Inbar Y, Evers E. Worse is bad: Divergent inferences from logically equivalent comparisons. J Exp Psychol Gen 2021; 151:665-675. [PMID: 34516200 DOI: 10.1037/xge0000804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Comparisons can often be framed in different but equivalent ways. For example, "A is better than B," can also be expressed as "B is worse than A." In 7 studies (and 4 further studies in the Supplemental Materials available in the OSF) we find that logically equivalent comparison frames have divergent effects on judgments and choices for the items being compared as well as other members of the set from which those items were drawn. These effects are asymmetric, affecting inferior items more strongly than superior ones. We propose a "comparison framing" account that draws on theory in linguistics on the markedness of adjectives (Cruse, 1976; Lehrer, 1985) to explain these results. We show that this account fits the data better than 2 previous accounts of attribute framing: automatic valenced associations (Levin et al., 1998) and leakage of information (McKenzie & Nelson, 2003). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
We used a distributed-language model to examine the moral language employed by U.S. political elites. In Study 1, we analyzed 687,360 Twitter messages (tweets) posted by accounts belonging to Democratic and Republican members of Congress from 2016 to 2018. In Study 2, we analyzed 2,630,688 speeches given on the floor of the House and Senate from 1981 to 2017. We found that partisan differences in moral-language use shifted over time as the parties gained or lost political power. Overall, lower political power was associated with greater use of moral language for both Democrats and Republicans. On Twitter, Democrats used more moral language in the period after Donald Trump won the 2016 presidential election. In Congressional transcripts, both Democrats and Republicans used more of most kinds of moral language when they were in the minority.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoel Inbar
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Previous research has shown that political attitudes are highly heritable, but the proximal physiological mechanisms that shape ideology remain largely unknown. Based on work suggesting possible ideological differences in genes related to low-level sensory processing, we predicted that taste (i.e., gustatory) sensitivity would be associated with political ideology. In 4 studies (combined N = 1,639) we test this hypothesis and find robust support for this association. In Studies 1-3, we find that sensitivity to the chemicals PROP and PTC-2 well established measures of taste sensitivity-are associated with greater political conservatism. In Study 4, we find that fungiform papilla density, a proxy for taste bud density, also predicts greater conservatism, and that this association is partially statistically mediated by disgust sensitivity. This work suggests that low-level physiological differences in sensory processing may shape an individual's political attitudes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
13
|
Brandt MJ, Kuppens T, Spears R, Andrighetto L, Autin F, Babincak P, Badea C, Bae J, Batruch A, Becker JC, Bocian K, Bodroža B, Bourguignon D, Bukowski M, Butera F, Butler SE, Chryssochoou X, Conway P, Crawford JT, Croizet J, de Lemus S, Degner J, Dragon P, Durante F, Easterbrook MJ, Essien I, Forgas JP, González R, Graf S, Halama P, Han G, Hong RY, Houdek P, Igou ER, Inbar Y, Jetten J, Jimenez Leal W, Jiménez‐Moya G, Karunagharan JK, Kende A, Korzh M, Laham SM, Lammers J, Lim L, Manstead ASR, Međedović J, Melton ZJ, Motyl M, Ntani S, Owuamalam CK, Peker M, Platow MJ, Prims JP, Reyna C, Rubin M, Saab R, Sankaran S, Shepherd L, Sibley CG, Sobkow A, Spruyt B, Stroebaek P, Sümer N, Sweetman J, Teixeira CP, Toma C, Ujhelyi A, van der Toorn J, van Hiel A, Vásquez‐Echeverría A, Vazquez A, Vianello M, Vranka M, Yzerbyt V, Zimmerman JL. Subjective status and perceived legitimacy across countries. Eur J Soc Psychol 2020; 50:921-942. [PMID: 32999511 PMCID: PMC7507836 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The relationships between subjective status and perceived legitimacy are important for understanding the extent to which people with low status are complicit in their oppression. We use novel data from 66 samples and 30 countries (N = 12,788) and find that people with higher status see the social system as more legitimate than those with lower status, but there is variation across people and countries. The association between subjective status and perceived legitimacy was never negative at any levels of eight moderator variables, although the positive association was sometimes reduced. Although not always consistent with hypotheses, group identification, self-esteem, and beliefs in social mobility were all associated with perceived legitimacy among people who have low subjective status. These findings enrich our understanding of the relationship between social status and legitimacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Konrad Bocian
- Sopot Faculty of PsychologySWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities
| | - Bojana Bodroža
- Department of PsychologyFaculty of PhilosophyUniversity of Novi SadNovi SadSerbia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna Kende
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Janko Međedović
- Institute of Criminological and Sociological ResearchBelgradeSerbia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Agata Sobkow
- Wroclaw Faculty of PsychologySWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Inbar Y. Unjustified Generalization: An Overlooked Consequence of Ideological Bias. Psychological Inquiry 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1047840x.2020.1724758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoel Inbar
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
A large literature demonstrates that moral convictions guide many of our thoughts, behaviors, and social interactions. Yet, we know little about how these moral convictions come to exist. In the present research we explore moralization-the process by which something that was morally neutral takes on moral properties-examining what factors facilitate and deter it. In 3 longitudinal studies participants were presented with morally evocative stimuli about why eating meat should be viewed as a moral issue. Study 1 tracked students over a semester as they took a university course that highlighted the suffering animals endure because of human meat consumption. In Studies 2 and 3 participants took part in a mini-course we developed which presented evocative videos aimed at inducing moralization. In all 3 studies, we assessed participants' beliefs, attitudes, emotions, and cognitions at multiple time points to track moral changes and potential factors responsible for such changes. A variety of factors, both cognitive and affective, predicted participants' moralization or lack thereof. Model testing further pointed to two primary conduits of moralization: the experience of moral emotions (e.g., disgust, guilt) felt when contemplating the issue, and moral piggybacking (connecting the issue at hand with one's existing fundamental moral principles). Moreover, we found individual differences, such as how much one holds their morality as central to their identity, also predicted the moralization process. We discuss the broad theoretical and applied implications of our results. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
16
|
Fernbach PM, Light N, Scott SE, Inbar Y, Rozin P. Extreme opponents of genetically modified foods know the least but think they know the most. Nat Hum Behav 2019; 3:251-256. [PMID: 30953007 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-018-0520-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There is widespread agreement among scientists that genetically modified foods are safe to consume1,2 and have the potential to provide substantial benefits to humankind3. However, many people still harbour concerns about them or oppose their use4,5. In a nationally representative sample of US adults, we find that as extremity of opposition to and concern about genetically modified foods increases, objective knowledge about science and genetics decreases, but perceived understanding of genetically modified foods increases. Extreme opponents know the least, but think they know the most. Moreover, the relationship between self-assessed and objective knowledge shifts from positive to negative at high levels of opposition. Similar results were obtained in a parallel study with representative samples from the United States, France and Germany, and in a study testing attitudes about a medical application of genetic engineering technology (gene therapy). This pattern did not emerge, however, for attitudes and beliefs about climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas Light
- Leeds School of Business, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Sydney E Scott
- Olin Business School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yoel Inbar
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Rozin
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Klein RA, Vianello M, Hasselman F, Adams BG, Adams RB, Alper S, Aveyard M, Axt JR, Babalola MT, Bahník Š, Batra R, Berkics M, Bernstein MJ, Berry DR, Bialobrzeska O, Binan ED, Bocian K, Brandt MJ, Busching R, Rédei AC, Cai H, Cambier F, Cantarero K, Carmichael CL, Ceric F, Chandler J, Chang JH, Chatard A, Chen EE, Cheong W, Cicero DC, Coen S, Coleman JA, Collisson B, Conway MA, Corker KS, Curran PG, Cushman F, Dagona ZK, Dalgar I, Dalla Rosa A, Davis WE, de Bruijn M, De Schutter L, Devos T, de Vries M, Doğulu C, Dozo N, Dukes KN, Dunham Y, Durrheim K, Ebersole CR, Edlund JE, Eller A, English AS, Finck C, Frankowska N, Freyre MÁ, Friedman M, Galliani EM, Gandi JC, Ghoshal T, Giessner SR, Gill T, Gnambs T, Gómez Á, González R, Graham J, Grahe JE, Grahek I, Green EGT, Hai K, Haigh M, Haines EL, Hall MP, Heffernan ME, Hicks JA, Houdek P, Huntsinger JR, Huynh HP, IJzerman H, Inbar Y, Innes-Ker ÅH, Jiménez-Leal W, John MS, Joy-Gaba JA, Kamiloğlu RG, Kappes HB, Karabati S, Karick H, Keller VN, Kende A, Kervyn N, Knežević G, Kovacs C, Krueger LE, Kurapov G, Kurtz J, Lakens D, Lazarević LB, Levitan CA, Lewis NA, Lins S, Lipsey NP, Losee JE, Maassen E, Maitner AT, Malingumu W, Mallett RK, Marotta SA, Međedović J, Mena-Pacheco F, Milfont TL, Morris WL, Murphy SC, Myachykov A, Neave N, Neijenhuijs K, Nelson AJ, Neto F, Lee Nichols A, Ocampo A, O’Donnell SL, Oikawa H, Oikawa M, Ong E, Orosz G, Osowiecka M, Packard G, Pérez-Sánchez R, Petrović B, Pilati R, Pinter B, Podesta L, Pogge G, Pollmann MMH, Rutchick AM, Saavedra P, Saeri AK, Salomon E, Schmidt K, Schönbrodt FD, Sekerdej MB, Sirlopú D, Skorinko JLM, Smith MA, Smith-Castro V, Smolders KCHJ, Sobkow A, Sowden W, Spachtholz P, Srivastava M, Steiner TG, Stouten J, Street CNH, Sundfelt OK, Szeto S, Szumowska E, Tang ACW, Tanzer N, Tear MJ, Theriault J, Thomae M, Torres D, Traczyk J, Tybur JM, Ujhelyi A, van Aert RCM, van Assen MALM, van der Hulst M, van Lange PAM, van ’t Veer AE, Vásquez- Echeverría A, Ann Vaughn L, Vázquez A, Vega LD, Verniers C, Verschoor M, Voermans IPJ, Vranka MA, Welch C, Wichman AL, Williams LA, Wood M, Woodzicka JA, Wronska MK, Young L, Zelenski JM, Zhijia Z, Nosek BA. Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Samples and Settings. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/2515245918810225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings, with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance, to examine variation in effect magnitudes across samples and settings. Each protocol was administered to approximately half of 125 samples that comprised 15,305 participants from 36 countries and territories. Using the conventional criterion of statistical significance ( p < .05), we found that 15 (54%) of the replications provided evidence of a statistically significant effect in the same direction as the original finding. With a strict significance criterion ( p < .0001), 14 (50%) of the replications still provided such evidence, a reflection of the extremely high-powered design. Seven (25%) of the replications yielded effect sizes larger than the original ones, and 21 (75%) yielded effect sizes smaller than the original ones. The median comparable Cohen’s ds were 0.60 for the original findings and 0.15 for the replications. The effect sizes were small (< 0.20) in 16 of the replications (57%), and 9 effects (32%) were in the direction opposite the direction of the original effect. Across settings, the Q statistic indicated significant heterogeneity in 11 (39%) of the replication effects, and most of those were among the findings with the largest overall effect sizes; only 1 effect that was near zero in the aggregate showed significant heterogeneity according to this measure. Only 1 effect had a tau value greater than .20, an indication of moderate heterogeneity. Eight others had tau values near or slightly above .10, an indication of slight heterogeneity. Moderation tests indicated that very little heterogeneity was attributable to the order in which the tasks were performed or whether the tasks were administered in lab versus online. Exploratory comparisons revealed little heterogeneity between Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) cultures and less WEIRD cultures (i.e., cultures with relatively high and low WEIRDness scores, respectively). Cumulatively, variability in the observed effect sizes was attributable more to the effect being studied than to the sample or setting in which it was studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Klein
- Laboratoire Inter-universitaire de Psychologie, Personnalité, Cognition, Changement Social (LIP/PC2S), Université Grenoble Alpes
| | - Michelangelo Vianello
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padua
| | - Fred Hasselman
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen
- School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen
| | - Byron G. Adams
- Department of Social Psychology, Tilburg University
- Department of Industrial Psychology and People Management, University of Johannesburg
| | | | | | - Mark Aveyard
- Department of International Studies, American University of Sharjah
| | | | | | - Štěpán Bahník
- Department of Management, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Economics, Prague
| | - Rishtee Batra
- Erivan K. Haub School of Business, Saint Joseph’s University
| | | | - Michael J. Bernstein
- Psychological and Social Sciences Program, Pennsylvania State University Abington
| | - Daniel R. Berry
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Marcos
| | - Olga Bialobrzeska
- Warsaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities
| | | | - Konrad Bocian
- Sopot Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities
| | | | | | | | - Huajian Cai
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Fanny Cambier
- Louvain Research Institute in Management and Organizations (LouRIM), Université catholique de Louvain
- Center on Consumers and Marketing Strategy (CCMS), Université catholique de Louvain
| | - Katarzyna Cantarero
- Social Behavior Research Centre, Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities
| | | | - Francisco Ceric
- Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad del Desarrollo
- Centro de Apego y Regulacion Emocional, Universidad del Desarrollo
| | - Jesse Chandler
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan
- Mathematica Policy Research, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Jen-Ho Chang
- Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University
| | - Armand Chatard
- Department of Psychology, Poitiers University
- CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 7295, Poitiers, France
| | - Eva E. Chen
- Division of Social Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
| | | | | | - Sharon Coen
- Directorate of Psychology and Public Health, University of Salford
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ilker Dalgar
- Department of Psychology, Middle East Technical University
| | - Anna Dalla Rosa
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padua
| | | | | | - Leander De Schutter
- Leadership and Human Resource Management, WHU – Otto Beisheim School of Management
| | - Thierry Devos
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University
| | - Marieke de Vries
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen
- Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen
- Tilburg Institute for Behavioral Economics Research, Tilburg University
| | | | - Nerisa Dozo
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland
| | | | | | - Kevin Durrheim
- School of Applied Human Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal
| | | | - John E. Edlund
- Department of Psychology, Rochester Institute of Technology
| | - Anja Eller
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
| | | | - Carolyn Finck
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de los Andes, Colombia
| | - Natalia Frankowska
- Warsaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities
| | | | - Mike Friedman
- Louvain Research Institute in Management and Organizations (LouRIM), Université catholique de Louvain
- Center on Consumers and Marketing Strategy (CCMS), Université catholique de Louvain
| | - Elisa Maria Galliani
- Department of Political and Juridical Sciences and International Studies, University of Padua
| | - Joshua C. Gandi
- Department of General and Applied Psychology, University of Jos
| | - Tanuka Ghoshal
- Department of Marketing and International Business, Baruch College, CUNY
| | - Steffen R. Giessner
- Department of Organisation and Personnel Management, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University
| | - Tripat Gill
- Lazaridis School of Business and Economics, Wilfrid Laurier University
| | - Timo Gnambs
- Educational Measurement, Leibniz Institute for Educational Trajectories, Bamberg, Germany
- Institute of Education and Psychology, Johannes Kepler University Linz
| | - Ángel Gómez
- Departamento de Psicología Social y de las Organizaciones, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia
| | | | | | | | - Ivan Grahek
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University
| | - Eva G. T. Green
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lausanne
| | - Kakul Hai
- Amity Institute of Psychology and Allied Sciences, Amity University
| | | | | | | | - Marie E. Heffernan
- Smith Child Health Research, Outreach, and Advocacy Center, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joshua A. Hicks
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University
| | - Petr Houdek
- Department of Economics and Management, Faculty of Social and Economic Studies, Jan Evangelista Purkyne University
| | | | - Ho Phi Huynh
- Department of Science and Mathematics, Texas A&M University-San Antonio
| | - Hans IJzerman
- Laboratoire Inter-universitaire de Psychologie, Personnalité, Cognition, Changement Social (LIP/PC2S), Université Grenoble Alpes
| | - Yoel Inbar
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough
| | | | | | - Melissa-Sue John
- Department of Social Science and Policy Studies, Worcester Polytechnic Institute
| | | | | | | | - Serdar Karabati
- Department of Business Administration, Istanbul Bilgi University
| | - Haruna Karick
- Warsaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities
- Department of General and Applied Psychology, University of Jos
| | - Victor N. Keller
- Department of Social and Work Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Brasilia
| | - Anna Kende
- Department of Social Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University
| | - Nicolas Kervyn
- Louvain Research Institute in Management and Organizations (LouRIM), Université catholique de Louvain
- Center on Consumers and Marketing Strategy (CCMS), Université catholique de Louvain
| | - Goran Knežević
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade
| | - Carrie Kovacs
- Department of Work, Organizational and Media Psychology, Johannes Kepler University Linz
| | - Lacy E. Krueger
- Department of Psychology & Special Education, Texas A&M University-Commerce
| | - German Kurapov
- International Victimology Institute Tilburg, Tilburg University
| | - Jamie Kurtz
- Department of Psychology, James Madison University
| | - Daniël Lakens
- School of Innovation Science, Eindhoven University of Technology
| | | | | | | | - Samuel Lins
- Department of Psychology, University of Porto
| | | | | | - Esther Maassen
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University
| | | | - Winfrida Malingumu
- Department of Education Policy Planning and Administration, Faculty of Education, Open University of Tanzania
| | | | | | - Janko Međedović
- Faculty of Media and Communications, Singidunum University
- Institute of Criminological and Sociological Research, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Taciano L. Milfont
- Centre for Applied Cross-Cultural Research, Victoria University of Wellington
| | | | - Sean C. Murphy
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne
| | | | - Nick Neave
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University
| | - Koen Neijenhuijs
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Félix Neto
- Department of Psychology, University of Porto
| | | | - Aaron Ocampo
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Latina de Costa Rica
| | | | | | | | - Elsie Ong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Professional and Continuing Education (LiPACE), The Open University of Hong Kong
| | - Gábor Orosz
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University
| | | | - Grant Packard
- Lazaridis School of Business and Economics, Wilfrid Laurier University
| | | | - Boban Petrović
- Institute of Criminological and Sociological Research, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ronaldo Pilati
- Department of Social and Work Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Brasilia
| | - Brad Pinter
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Lysandra Podesta
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen
- School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexander K. Saeri
- BehaviourWorks Australia, Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University
| | - Erika Salomon
- Department of Computer Science, University of Chicago
| | - Kathleen Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Agata Sobkow
- Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities
| | - Walter Sowden
- Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | | | - Manini Srivastava
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science and Physical Education, University of Regensburg
| | | | - Jeroen Stouten
- Occupational & Organisational Psychology and Professional Learning, KU Leuven
| | | | | | - Stephanie Szeto
- Directorate of Psychology and Public Health, University of Salford
| | - Ewa Szumowska
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków
| | - Andrew C. W. Tang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Professional and Continuing Education (LiPACE), The Open University of Hong Kong
| | | | - Morgan J. Tear
- BehaviourWorks Australia, Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University
| | | | | | - David Torres
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Iberoamerica
| | - Jakub Traczyk
- Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities
| | - Joshua M. Tybur
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
| | - Adrienn Ujhelyi
- Department of Social Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University
| | | | | | - Marije van der Hulst
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexandra Vázquez
- Departamento de Psicología Social y de las Organizaciones, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia
| | | | - Catherine Verniers
- Institute of Psychology, Paris Descartes University - Sorbonne Paris Cité
| | - Mark Verschoor
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Groningen
| | | | - Marek A. Vranka
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University
| | - Cheryl Welch
- Department of Psychology, James Madison University
| | - Aaron L. Wichman
- Department of Psychological Science, Western Kentucky University
| | | | - Michael Wood
- Department of Psychology, University of Winchester
| | | | - Marta K. Wronska
- Sopot Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities
| | | | | | - Zeng Zhijia
- Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics
| | - Brian A. Nosek
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia
- Center for Open Science, Charlottesville, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mohr Sasson A, Machtinger R, Mashiach R, Nir O, Inbar Y, Maliyanker N, Goldenberg M, Rabinovici J. Long-Term Outcome of MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound Treatment and Laparoscopic Myomectomy for Symptomatic Uterine Fibroids. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2018.09.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
19
|
Viganola D, Eitan O, Inbar Y, Dreber A, Johannesson M, Pfeiffer T, Thau S, Uhlmann EL. Datasets from a research project examining the role of politics in social psychological research. Sci Data 2018; 5:180236. [PMID: 30375993 PMCID: PMC6207064 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2018.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We present four datasets from a project examining the role of politics in social psychological research. These include thousands of independent raters who coded scientific abstracts for political relevance and for whether conservatives or liberals were treated as targets of explanation and characterized in a negative light. Further included are predictions about the empirical results by scientists participating in a forecasting survey, and coded publication outcomes for unpublished research projects varying in political overtones. Future researchers can leverage this corpus to test further hypotheses regarding political values and scientific research, perceptions of political bias, publication histories, and forecasting accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anna Dreber
- Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden.,University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Genetically engineered food has had its DNA, RNA, or proteins manipulated by intentional human intervention. We provide an overview of the importance and regulation of genetically engineered food and lay attitudes toward it. We first discuss the pronaturalness context in the United States and Europe that preceded the appearance of genetically engineered food. We then review the definition, prevalence, and regulation of this type of food. Genetically engineered food is widespread in some countries, but there is great controversy worldwide among individuals, governments, and other institutions about the advisability of growing and consuming it. In general, life scientists have a much more positive view of genetically engineered food than laypeople. We examine the bases of lay opposition to genetically engineered food and the evidence for how attitudes change. Laypeople tend to see genetically engineered food as dangerous and offering few benefits. We suggest that much of the lay opposition is morally based. One possibility is that, in some contexts, people view nature and naturalness as sacred and genetically engineered food as a violation of naturalness. We also suggest that for many people these perceptions of naturalness and attitudes toward genetically engineered food follow the sympathetic magical law of contagion, in which even minimal contact between a natural food and an unnatural entity, either a scientist or a piece of foreign DNA, pollutes or contaminates the natural entity and renders it unacceptable or even immoral to consume.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sydney E Scott
- Marketing Department, Olin Business School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA;
| | - Yoel Inbar
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Christopher D Wirz
- Department of Life Sciences Communication, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Dominique Brossard
- Department of Life Sciences Communication, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Paul Rozin
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-3604, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Affiliation(s)
- Gert-Jan Lelieveld
- Institute of Psychology; Leiden University; Leiden Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition; Leiden Netherlands
| | - Yoel Inbar
- Department of Psychology; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Eric van Dijk
- Institute of Psychology; Leiden University; Leiden Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition; Leiden Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Crawford JT, Brandt MJ, Inbar Y, Chambers JR, Motyl M. Social and economic ideologies differentially predict prejudice across the political spectrum, but social issues are most divisive. J Pers Soc Psychol 2017; 112:383-412. [PMID: 28221092 DOI: 10.1037/pspa0000074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Liberals and conservatives both express prejudice toward ideologically dissimilar others (Brandt et al., 2014). Previous work on ideological prejudice did not take advantage of evidence showing that ideology is multidimensional, with social and economic ideologies representing related but separable belief systems. In 5 studies (total N = 4912), we test 3 competing hypotheses of a multidimensional account of ideological prejudice. The dimension-specific symmetry hypothesis predicts that social and economic ideologies differentially predict prejudice against targets who are perceived to vary on the social and economic political dimensions, respectively. The social primacy hypothesis predicts that such ideological worldview conflict is experienced more strongly along the social than economic dimension. The social-specific asymmetry hypothesis predicts that social conservatives will be more prejudiced than social liberals, with no specific hypotheses for the economic dimension. Using multiple target groups, multiple prejudice measures (e.g., global evaluations, behavior), and multiple social and economic ideology measures (self-placement, issue positions), we found relatively consistent support for the dimension-specific symmetry and social primacy hypotheses, and no support for the social-specific asymmetry hypothesis. These results suggest that worldview conflict and negative intergroup attitudes and behaviors are dimension-specific, but that the social dimension appears to inspire more political conflict than the economic dimension. (PsycINFO Database Record
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yoel Inbar
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto
| | | | - Matt Motyl
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tierney W, Schweinsberg M, Jordan J, Kennedy DM, Qureshi I, Sommer SA, Thornley N, Madan N, Vianello M, Awtrey E, Zhu LL, Diermeier D, Heinze JE, Srinivasan M, Tannenbaum D, Bivolaru E, Dana J, Davis-Stober CP, du Plessis C, Gronau QF, Hafenbrack AC, Liao EY, Ly A, Marsman M, Murase T, Schaerer M, Tworek CM, Wagenmakers EJ, Wong L, Anderson T, Bauman CW, Bedwell WL, Brescoll V, Canavan A, Chandler JJ, Cheries E, Cheryan S, Cheung F, Cimpian A, Clark MA, Cordon D, Cushman F, Ditto PH, Amell A, Frick SE, Gamez-Djokic M, Grady RH, Graham J, Gu J, Hahn A, Hanson BE, Hartwich NJ, Hein K, Inbar Y, Jiang L, Kellogg T, Legate N, Luoma TP, Maibeucher H, Meindl P, Miles J, Mislin A, Molden DC, Motyl M, Newman G, Ngo HH, Packham H, Ramsay PS, Ray JL, Sackett AM, Sellier AL, Sokolova T, Sowden W, Storage D, Sun X, Van Bavel JJ, Washburn AN, Wei C, Wetter E, Wilson CT, Darroux SC, Uhlmann EL. Data from a pre-publication independent replication initiative examining ten moral judgement effects. Sci Data 2016; 3:160082. [PMID: 27727246 PMCID: PMC5058337 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2016.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the data from a crowdsourced project seeking to replicate findings in independent laboratories before (rather than after) they are published. In this Pre-Publication Independent Replication (PPIR) initiative, 25 research groups attempted to replicate 10 moral judgment effects from a single laboratory's research pipeline of unpublished findings. The 10 effects were investigated using online/lab surveys containing psychological manipulations (vignettes) followed by questionnaires. Results revealed a mix of reliable, unreliable, and culturally moderated findings. Unlike any previous replication project, this dataset includes the data from not only the replications but also from the original studies, creating a unique corpus that researchers can use to better understand reproducibility and irreproducibility in science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Warren Tierney
- INSEAD, Fontainebleau 77305, France and Singapore 138676, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Israr Qureshi
- IE Business School, IE University, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | | | - Nico Thornley
- INSEAD, Fontainebleau 77305, France and Singapore 138676, Singapore
| | - Nikhil Madan
- INSEAD, Fontainebleau 77305, France and Singapore 138676, Singapore
| | | | - Eli Awtrey
- University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA
| | - Luke Lei Zhu
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 5V4, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Eliza Bivolaru
- INSEAD, Fontainebleau 77305, France and Singapore 138676, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrew C Hafenbrack
- UCP-Católica Lisbon School of Business &Economics, Lisbon 1649-023, Portugal
| | - Eko Yi Liao
- Hang Seng Management College, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Alexander Ly
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1001 NK, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Michael Schaerer
- INSEAD, Fontainebleau 77305, France and Singapore 138676, Singapore
| | | | | | - Lynn Wong
- INSEAD, Fontainebleau 77305, France and Singapore 138676, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jesse J Chandler
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48104, USA
| | - Erik Cheries
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst 1003, USA
| | | | - Felix Cheung
- Washington University in St Louis, St Louis 63130, USA.,University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Andrei Cimpian
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York 10003, USA
| | | | - Diana Cordon
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago 60616, USA
| | | | | | - Alice Amell
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago 60616, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jesse Graham
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90089, USA
| | - Jun Gu
- Monash University, Melbourne 3145, Australia
| | - Adam Hahn
- Social Cognition Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Koeln 50931, Germany
| | | | - Nicole J Hartwich
- Social Cognition Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Koeln 50931, Germany
| | - Kristie Hein
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago 60616, USA
| | - Yoel Inbar
- University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S, Canada
| | - Lily Jiang
- University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA
| | | | - Nicole Legate
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago 60616, USA
| | - Timo P Luoma
- Social Cognition Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Koeln 50931, Germany
| | | | - Peter Meindl
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | - Matt Motyl
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago 60607, USA
| | | | - Hoai Huong Ngo
- Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense, Nanterre 92000, France
| | | | | | - Jennifer L Ray
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York 10003, USA
| | | | | | | | - Walter Sowden
- Centre for Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring 20910, USA
| | - Daniel Storage
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign 61820, USA
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jay J Van Bavel
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York 10003, USA
| | | | - Cong Wei
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Erik Wetter
- Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm 11383, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Schweinsberg M, Madan N, Vianello M, Sommer SA, Jordan J, Tierney W, Awtrey E, Zhu LL, Diermeier D, Heinze JE, Srinivasan M, Tannenbaum D, Bivolaru E, Dana J, Davis-Stober CP, du Plessis C, Gronau QF, Hafenbrack AC, Liao EY, Ly A, Marsman M, Murase T, Qureshi I, Schaerer M, Thornley N, Tworek CM, Wagenmakers EJ, Wong L, Anderson T, Bauman CW, Bedwell WL, Brescoll V, Canavan A, Chandler JJ, Cheries E, Cheryan S, Cheung F, Cimpian A, Clark MA, Cordon D, Cushman F, Ditto PH, Donahue T, Frick SE, Gamez-Djokic M, Grady RH, Graham J, Gu J, Hahn A, Hanson BE, Hartwich NJ, Hein K, Inbar Y, Jiang L, Kellogg T, Kennedy DM, Legate N, Luoma TP, Maibuecher H, Meindl P, Miles J, Mislin A, Molden DC, Motyl M, Newman G, Ngo HH, Packham H, Ramsay PS, Ray JL, Sackett AM, Sellier AL, Sokolova T, Sowden W, Storage D, Sun X, Van Bavel JJ, Washburn AN, Wei C, Wetter E, Wilson CT, Darroux SC, Uhlmann EL. The pipeline project: Pre-publication independent replications of a single laboratory's research pipeline. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
25
|
|
26
|
Abstract
Public opposition to genetic modification (GM) technology in the food domain is widespread (Frewer et al., 2013). In a survey of U.S. residents representative of the population on gender, age, and income, 64% opposed GM, and 71% of GM opponents (45% of the entire sample) were “absolutely” opposed—that is, they agreed that GM should be prohibited no matter the risks and benefits. “Absolutist” opponents were more disgust sensitive in general and more disgusted by the consumption of genetically modified food than were non-absolutist opponents or supporters. Furthermore, disgust predicted support for legal restrictions on genetically modified foods, even after controlling for explicit risk–benefit assessments. This research suggests that many opponents are evidence insensitive and will not be influenced by arguments about risks and benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoel Inbar
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto
| | - Paul Rozin
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Inbar Y, Westgate EC, Pizarro DA, Nosek BA. Can a Naturally Occurring Pathogen Threat Change Social Attitudes? Evaluations of Gay Men and Lesbians During the 2014 Ebola Epidemic. Social Psychological and Personality Science 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1948550616639651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous evidence linking disease threat and social attitudes suggests that a highly salient society-wide pathogen threat should lead to more negative attitudes toward gay men and lesbians. Using a sample of 248,922 Americans recruited via the Project Implicit website, we tested whether implicit attitudes toward gay men and lesbians shifted as a result of the 2014 Ebola virus outbreak. Regression discontinuity analyses, but not t-tests, showed evidence of a small shift in implicit (but not explicit) attitudes at the height of public concern over Ebola. These results could be interpreted as providing partial support for the effects of naturally occurring pathogen threats on social attitudes. Alternatively, given the large size of our sample, the mixed evidence and small effects may reflect a boundary condition for the operation of the behavioral immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoel Inbar
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Brian A. Nosek
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Center for Open Science, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Crawford JT, Brandt MJ, Inbar Y, Mallinas SR. Right-wing authoritarianism predicts prejudice equally toward "gay men and lesbians" and "homosexuals". J Pers Soc Psychol 2015; 111:e31-45. [PMID: 26524000 DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Two recent experiments found evidence for what we term the social category label (SCL) effect-that the relationship between right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and prejudice against gay men and lesbians can be reduced or even eliminated when the target group is labeled "gay men and lesbians" rather than "homosexuals" (Rios, 2013). Although this appears a promising approach to reduce self-reported sexual prejudice, with both theoretical implications for the meaning of RWA itself and practical implications for question wording for assessing these attitudes, there are several reasons to further examine these findings, including (a) inconsistencies with extant evidence, (b) small sample sizes in the original 2 experiments, and (c) concerns with the RWA measures used in the 2 experiments. We tested the SCL hypothesis with a nationally representative sample (Study 1) and close and conceptual replications of Rios' (2013) 2 studies (Studies 2-5) using multiple measures of RWA and prejudice. Across 23 tests of the SCL hypothesis, we obtained 1 statistically significant and 1 marginally significant effect consistent with the hypothesis, 2 significant effects opposite the hypothesis, and 19 nonsignificant effects. A meta-analysis of evidence reported here and in Rios (2013) indicates that RWA strongly predicts antigay prejudice, with no significant variation by label. This confirms the typically robust association between RWA and antigay prejudice and confirms that the SCL effect is not robust. We discuss potential limitations of these studies, theoretical, methodological, and practical implications for our failures to replicate the original SCL studies, and future directions for examining social category label effects. (PsycINFO Database Record
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yoel Inbar
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
A popular view in philosophy of science contends that scientific reasoning is objective to the extent that the appraisal of scientific hypotheses is not influenced by moral, political, economic, or social values, but only by the available evidence. A large body of results in the psychology of motivated-reasoning has put pressure on the empirical adequacy of this view. The present study extends this body of results by providing direct evidence that the moral offensiveness of a scientific hypothesis biases explanatory judgment along several dimensions, even when prior credence in the hypothesis is controlled for. Furthermore, it is shown that this bias is insensitive to an economic incentive to be accurate in the evaluation of the evidence. These results contribute to call into question the attainability of the ideal of a value-free science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Colombo
- Tilburg Center for Logic, Ethics and Philosophy of Science, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Leandra Bucher
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Justus Liebig Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Yoel Inbar
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
A lack of political diversity in psychology is said to lead to a number of pernicious outcomes, including biased research and active discrimination against conservatives. We surveyed a large number (combined N = 800) of social and personality psychologists and discovered several interesting facts. First, although only 6% described themselves as conservative "overall," there was more diversity of political opinion on economic issues and foreign policy. Second, respondents significantly underestimated the proportion of conservatives among their colleagues. Third, conservatives fear negative consequences of revealing their political beliefs to their colleagues. Finally, they are right to do so: In decisions ranging from paper reviews to hiring, many social and personality psychologists said that they would discriminate against openly conservative colleagues. The more liberal respondents were, the more they said they would discriminate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoel Inbar
- Department of Social Psychology, Tilburg University, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Lammers
- Department of Social Psychology, Tilburg University, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
|
33
|
Crawford JT, Inbar Y, Maloney V. Disgust sensitivity selectively predicts attitudes toward groups that threaten (or uphold) traditional sexual morality. Personality and Individual Differences 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
34
|
Abstract
Research in psychology and cognitive science has consistently demonstrated the importance of emotion in a wide range of everyday judgments, including moral judgment. Most current accounts of moral judgment hold that emotion plays an important role, but the nature and extent of this role are still debated. We outline three increasingly strong claims about the role of emotion in moral judgment and assess the evidence for each. According to the first and least controversial claim, emotions follow from moral judgments, such that witnessing immorality can lead to negative emotions and witnessing moral virtue can lead to positive ones. According to the second claim, emotions amplify moral judgments, for instance, by making immoral acts seem even more immoral. Finally, on the last claim, emotions can actually moralize nonmoral behaviors-that is, they give nonmoral acts a moral status. Although this claim seems to be the most intriguing one theoretically, empirical support for it is still very limited. In this review, we discuss research findings that are in line with each of these views, we highlight recurring themes across these three categories of evidence, and we identify some open questions and areas for future research. WIREs Cogn Sci 2013, 4:169-178. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1216 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yana R Avramova
- Department of Social Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Yoel Inbar
- Department of Social Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Machtinger R, Inbar Y, Cohen-Eylon S, Admon D, Alagem-Mizrachi A, Rabinovici J. MR-guided focus ultrasound (MRgFUS) for symptomatic uterine fibroids: predictors of treatment success. Hum Reprod 2012; 27:3425-31. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
36
|
Catane R, Gianfelice D, Kawasaki M, Iozeffi D, Kanyev S, Napoli A, Ghanouni P, Lo G, Inbar Y, Levi LS. Pain Palliation of Bone Metastases Using Magnetic Resonance Guided Focused Ultrasound - Multi-Center Multi-trial Results. Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(20)33995-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
37
|
Abstract
It has been suggested that people attend to others’ actions in the service of forming impressions of their underlying dispositions. If so, it follows that in considering others’ morally relevant actions, social perceivers should be responsive to accompanying cues that help illuminate actors’ underlying moral character. This article examines one relevant cue that can characterize any decision process: the speed with which the decision is made. Two experiments show that actors who make an immoral decision quickly (vs. slowly) are evaluated more negatively. In contrast, actors who arrive at a moral decision quickly (vs. slowly) receive particularly positive moral character evaluations. Quick decisions carry this signal value because they are assumed to reflect certainty in the decision (Experiments 1 and 2), which in turn signals that more unambiguous motives drove the behavior (Experiment 2), which in turn explains the more polarized moral character evaluations. Implications for moral psychology and the law are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoel Inbar
- Department of Social Psychology, Tilburg University, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Dominant theories of moral blame require an individual to have caused or intended harm. However, the current four studies demonstrate cases where no harm is caused or intended, yet individuals are nonetheless deemed worthy of blame. Specifically, individuals are judged to be blameworthy when they engage in actions that enable them to benefit from another's misfortune (e.g., betting that a company's stock will decline or that a natural disaster will occur). Evidence is presented suggesting that perceptions of the actor's wicked desires are responsible for this phenomenon. It is argued that these results are consistent with a growing literature demonstrating that moral judgments are often the product of evaluations of character in addition to evaluations of acts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoel Inbar
- Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
|
40
|
Abstract
In two large samples (combined N = 31,045), we found a positive relationship between disgust sensitivity and political conservatism. This relationship held when controlling for a number of demographic variables as well as the “Big Five” personality traits. Disgust sensitivity was also associated with more conservative voting in the 2008 U.S. presidential election. In Study 2, we replicated the disgust sensitivity–conservatism relationship in an international sample of respondents from 121 different countries. Across both samples, contamination disgust, which reflects a heightened concern with interpersonally transmitted disease and pathogens, was most strongly associated with conservatism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoel Inbar
- Department of Social Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, LE, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ravi Iyer
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Despite the wealth of recent work implicating disgust as an emotion central to human morality, the nature of the causal relationship between disgust and moral judgment remains unclear. We distinguish between three related claims regarding this relationship, and argue that the most interesting claim (that disgust is a moralizing emotion) is the one with the least empirical support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoel Inbar
- Department of Social Psychology, Tilburg University, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
|
43
|
Inbar Y, Gilovich T. Angry (or Disgusted), but Adjusting? The Effect of Specific Emotions on Adjustment From Self-Generated Anchors. Social Psychological and Personality Science 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1948550611401426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many numerical judgments are made by adjusting from a salient anchor value. This research examines the effect of high-certainty emotions—emotions associated with feelings of confidence about what is happening, what will happen, and how to respond—on the adjustment process. The authors examined whether such emotions would induce people to engage in adjustment more confidently and thoroughly, leading to greater adjustment. In two studies, the authors found that people feeling anger (Study 1) and disgust (Study 2)—emotions associated with appraisals of certainty—adjusted more from self-generated anchors than did people feeling fear (Study 1) and sadness (Study 2)—emotions associated with appraisals of uncertainty. Study 2 found that this effect does not occur for experimenter-provided anchors, from which adjustment tends to be less consistently observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoel Inbar
- Department of Social Psychology, Tilburg University, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Gilovich
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
|
45
|
Taran FA, Tempany CMC, Regan L, Inbar Y, Revel A, Stewart EA. Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) compared with abdominal hysterectomy for treatment of uterine leiomyomas. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2009; 34:572-578. [PMID: 19852046 DOI: 10.1002/uog.7435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare women undergoing magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) to a group of contemporaneously recruited women undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy. Patient demographics, safety parameters, quality of life outcomes and disability measures are reported. METHODS One hundred and nine women were recruited in seven centers for MRgFUS treatment and 83 women who underwent abdominal hysterectomy were recruited in seven separate centers to provide contemporaneous assessment of safety. The adverse-event profile and disability parameters were prospectively assessed. Patients were also screened at baseline and at 1, 3 and 6 months using the SF-36 health survey questionnaire. RESULTS There were no life-threatening adverse events in either group. Overall, the number of significant clinical complications and adverse events was lower in women in the MRgFUS group compared to women undergoing hysterectomy. MRgFUS was associated with significantly faster recovery, including resumption of usual activities. At 6 months of follow-up, there were four (4%) treatment failures in the MRgFUS arm. Regarding SF-36 subscale scores, at 6 months there was improvement in all SF-36 subscales for both treatment groups. However, most of the SF-36 subscale scores were significantly better at this stage in the hysterectomy group than in the MRgFUS group. Women undergoing MRgFUS had steady improvement in all parameters throughout the 6-month follow-up period, despite the fact that they continued to have myomatous uteri and menstruation, which at baseline had given them significant symptomatology. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that MRgFUS treatment of uterine leiomyomas leads to clinical improvement with fewer significant clinical complications and adverse events compared to hysterectomy at 6 months' follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F A Taran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
|
47
|
|
48
|
Machtinger R, Inbar Y, Admon D, Cohen Ayalon S, Alagem-Mizrachi A, Rabinovichi J. Long-term follow up after magnetic –resonance guided high-focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) treatment for symptomatic uterine fibroids. Fertil Steril 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.07.763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
49
|
Kopelman D, Inbar Y, Hanannel A, Pfeffer RM, Dogadkin O, Freundlich D, Liberman B, Catane R. Magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound surgery. Ablation of soft tissue at bone-muscle interface in a porcine model. Eur J Clin Invest 2008; 38:268-75. [PMID: 18339007 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2008.01931.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain management treatments of patients with bone metastases have either efficacy problems or significant side effects. Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation has recently proved to be of palliative value. Magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) uses focused ultrasonic energy to non-invasively create a heat-coagulated lesion deep within the body in a controlled, accurate manner. The surgeon can monitor and control energy deposition in real time. This technology represents a potential treatment modality in oncological surgery. We investigated the ability of two MRgFUS methods to accurately and safely target and ablate soft tissue at its interface with bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS Heat-ablated lesions were created by MRgFUS at the bone-muscle interface of 15 pigs. Two different methods of energy delivery were used. Temperature rise at the target adjacent to bone was monitored by real time MR thermal images. Results were evaluated by MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), nuclear scanning and by histopathological evaluation. RESULTS Soft tissue lesion sizes by both methods were in the range of 1-2 cm in diameter. Targeting the focus 'behind' the bone, achieved the same result with a single sonication only. Follow up MRI and histopathological examination of all lesions showed focal damage at its interface with bone and localized damage to the outer cortex on the side closer to the targeted tissue. There was no damage to non-targeted tissue. CONCLUSION MRgFUS by both energy deposition methods can be used to produce controlled well-localized damage to soft tissue in close proximity to bone, with minimal collateral damage.
Collapse
|
50
|
Machtinger R, Inbar Y, Ben-Baruch G, Korach J, Rabinovici J. MRgFUS for pain relief as palliative treatment in recurrent cervical carcinoma: a case report. Gynecol Oncol 2007; 108:241-3. [PMID: 18028990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2007] [Revised: 08/15/2007] [Accepted: 08/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Focused ultrasound under real-time MR guidance and control (MRgFUS) can be used for the thermal ablation of tissue. Currently this technique is used clinically for the noninvasive treatment of uterine leiomyomas and is in clinical evaluation for breast cancer, adenomyosis and other indications. MRgFUS is being tested for pain relief in patients suffering from bone metastases. This is the first case to report on MRgFUS for pain relief in patients suffering from recurrent cervical carcinoma. CASE REPORT A 29-year-old patient with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of cervix following radical hysterectomy, chemotherapy and radiation was treated by MRgFUS due to pelvic mass unresponsive to conventional treatment that caused intractable pain. Following two treatments the patient experienced a marked reduction in pain and increase in Karnovsky Performance Status (KPS) from 50% to 80%. DISCUSSION Palliative treatment of pain with noninvasive MRgFUS in cases of recurrent cervical carcinoma may be a safe and efficient alternative to other invasive techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Machtinger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|