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Taberna GA, Samogin J, Zhao M, Marino M, Guarnieri R, Cuartas Morales E, Ganzetti M, Liu Q, Mantini D. Large-scale analysis of neural activity and connectivity from high-density electroencephalographic data. Comput Biol Med 2024; 178:108704. [PMID: 38852398 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-density electroencephalography (hdEEG) is a technique used for the characterization of the neural activity and connectivity in the human brain. The analysis of EEG data involves several steps, including signal pre-processing, head modelling, source localization and activity/connectivity quantification. Visual check of the analysis steps is often necessary, making the process time- and resource-consuming and, therefore, not feasible for large datasets. FINDINGS Here we present the Noninvasive Electrophysiology Toolbox (NET), an open-source software for large-scale analysis of hdEEG data, running on the cross-platform MATLAB environment. NET combines all the tools required for a complete hdEEG analysis workflow, from raw signals to final measured values. By relying on reconstructed neural signals in the brain, NET can perform traditional analyses of time-locked neural responses, as well as more advanced functional connectivity and brain mapping analyses. The extracted quantitative neural data can be exported to provide broad compatibility with other software. CONCLUSIONS NET is freely available (https://github.com/bind-group-kul/net) under the GNU public license for non-commercial use and open-source development, together with a graphical user interface (GUI) and a user tutorial. While NET can be used interactively with the GUI, it is primarily aimed at unsupervised automation to process large hdEEG datasets efficiently. Its implementation creates indeed a highly customizable program suitable for analysis automation and tight integration into existing workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Amaranta Taberna
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jessica Samogin
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mingqi Zhao
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Marco Marino
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium; Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Guarnieri
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ernesto Cuartas Morales
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium; Dirección Académica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede de La Paz, La Paz, 202017, Colombia
| | - Marco Ganzetti
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium; Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), pRED Data & Analytics, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Quanying Liu
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Dante Mantini
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Gómez CM, Linares R, Rodríguez-Martínez EI, Pelegrina S. Age-related changes in brain oscillatory patterns during an n-back task in children and adolescents. Int J Psychophysiol 2024; 202:112372. [PMID: 38849088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The development of brain oscillatory responses and their possible role in the working memory (WM) performance of children, adolescents and young adults was investigated. A set of 0- and 1-back tasks with letter stimuli were administered to a final sample of 131 subjects (between 6 and 20 years of age). A decrease in response times (RTs) and an increase of the sensitivity index d-prime (d') were seen with increased age. RTs increased and d' decreased with load, indicating higher difficulty for higher loads. Event-related synchronization (ERS) and event-related desynchronization (ERD) were obtained by the convolution of Morlet wavelets on the recorded EEG. Statistical analyses were performed of the absolute and relative power of brain oscillations defined by topography, frequency and latency. Posterior alpha and beta ERD, and frontocentral theta ERS, were induced by the stimuli presented during the n-back task. While relative theta ERS increased with age, absolute theta ERS, absolute and relative alpha and, absolute beta ERD, decreased with age. Age-related improvement in behavioral performance was mediated by relative theta. Alpha and beta ERD were more pronounced for the most difficult task (1-back) and for the target condition. Globally, there was high consistency of the effects of target type and task load across development. Theta ERS maturation is a crucial step for improving WM performance during development, while alpha and beta ERD maturation seem to be less critical for behavioral performance improvement with age, possibly due to a sufficient level of alpha-beta ERD for good performance in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Gómez
- University of Sevilla, Experimental Psychology Department, Human Psychobiology Lab., Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rocío Linares
- University of Jaén, Department of Psychology, Jaén, Spain
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Zhou Z, Yan Y, Gu H, Sun R, Liao Z, Xue K, Tang C. Dopamine in the prefrontal cortex plays multiple roles in the executive function of patients with Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1759-1767. [PMID: 38103242 PMCID: PMC10960281 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.389631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease can affect not only motor functions but also cognitive abilities, leading to cognitive impairment. One common issue in Parkinson's disease with cognitive dysfunction is the difficulty in executive functioning. Executive functions help us plan, organize, and control our actions based on our goals. The brain area responsible for executive functions is called the prefrontal cortex. It acts as the command center for the brain, especially when it comes to regulating executive functions. The role of the prefrontal cortex in cognitive processes is influenced by a chemical messenger called dopamine. However, little is known about how dopamine affects the cognitive functions of patients with Parkinson's disease. In this article, the authors review the latest research on this topic. They start by looking at how the dopaminergic system, is altered in Parkinson's disease with executive dysfunction. Then, they explore how these changes in dopamine impact the synaptic structure, electrical activity, and connection components of the prefrontal cortex. The authors also summarize the relationship between Parkinson's disease and dopamine-related cognitive issues. This information may offer valuable insights and directions for further research and improvement in the clinical treatment of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yalong Yan
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Heng Gu
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ruiao Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zihan Liao
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ke Xue
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chuanxi Tang
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Bonassi G, Zhao M, Samogin J, Mantini D, Marchese R, Contrino L, Tognetti P, Putzolu M, Botta A, Pelosin E, Avanzino L. Brain Networks Modulation during Simple and Complex Gait: A "Mobile Brain/Body Imaging" Study. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2875. [PMID: 38732980 PMCID: PMC11086305 DOI: 10.3390/s24092875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Walking encompasses a complex interplay of neuromuscular coordination and cognitive processes. Disruptions in gait can impact personal independence and quality of life, especially among the elderly and neurodegenerative patients. While traditional biomechanical analyses and neuroimaging techniques have contributed to understanding gait control, they often lack the temporal resolution needed for rapid neural dynamics. This study employs a mobile brain/body imaging (MoBI) platform with high-density electroencephalography (hd-EEG) to explore event-related desynchronization and synchronization (ERD/ERS) during overground walking. Simultaneous to hdEEG, we recorded gait spatiotemporal parameters. Participants were asked to walk under usual walking and dual-task walking conditions. For data analysis, we extracted ERD/ERS in α, β, and γ bands from 17 selected regions of interest encompassing not only the sensorimotor cerebral network but also the cognitive and affective networks. A correlation analysis was performed between gait parameters and ERD/ERS intensities in different networks in the different phases of gait. Results showed that ERD/ERS modulations across gait phases in the α and β bands extended beyond the sensorimotor network, over the cognitive and limbic networks, and were more prominent in all networks during dual tasks with respect to usual walking. Correlation analyses showed that a stronger α ERS in the initial double-support phases correlates with shorter step length, emphasizing the role of attention in motor control. Additionally, β ERD/ERS in affective and cognitive networks during dual-task walking correlated with dual-task gait performance, suggesting compensatory mechanisms in complex tasks. This study advances our understanding of neural dynamics during overground walking, emphasizing the multidimensional nature of gait control involving cognitive and affective networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Bonassi
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Mingqi Zhao
- Research Center for Motor Control and Neuroplasticity, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (M.Z.); (J.S.); (D.M.)
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jessica Samogin
- Research Center for Motor Control and Neuroplasticity, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (M.Z.); (J.S.); (D.M.)
| | - Dante Mantini
- Research Center for Motor Control and Neuroplasticity, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (M.Z.); (J.S.); (D.M.)
| | - Roberta Marchese
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (R.M.); (A.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Luciano Contrino
- S.C. Medicina Fisica e Riabilitazione Ospedaliera, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Chiavarese, 16043 Chiavari, Italy; (L.C.); (P.T.)
| | - Paola Tognetti
- S.C. Medicina Fisica e Riabilitazione Ospedaliera, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Chiavarese, 16043 Chiavari, Italy; (L.C.); (P.T.)
| | - Martina Putzolu
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Botta
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (R.M.); (A.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Elisa Pelosin
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (R.M.); (A.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Laura Avanzino
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (R.M.); (A.B.); (L.A.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
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Junker FB, Schmidt‐Wilcke T, Schnitzler A, Lange J. Temporal dynamics of oscillatory activity during nonlexical language decoding: Evidence from Morse code and magnetoencephalography. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:6185-6197. [PMID: 37792277 PMCID: PMC10619365 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding encoded languages, such as written script or Morse code, requires nonlexical and lexical processing components that act in a parallel and interactive fashion. Decoding written script-as for example in reading-is typically very fast, making the investigation of the lexical and nonlexical components and their underlying neural mechanisms challenging. In the current study, we aimed to accomplish this problem by using Morse code as a model for language decoding. The decoding of Morse code is slower and thus allows a better and more fine-grained investigation of the lexical and nonlexical components of language decoding. In the current study, we investigated the impact of various components of nonlexical decoding of Morse code using magnetoencephalography. For this purpose, we reconstructed the time-frequency responses below 40 Hz in brain regions significantly involved in Morse code decoding and word comprehension that were identified in a previous study. Event-related reduction in beta- and alpha-band power were found in left inferior frontal cortex and angular gyrus, respectively, while event-related theta-band power increase was found at frontal midline. These induced oscillations reflect working-memory encoding, long-term memory retrieval as well as demanding cognitive control, respectively. In sum, by using Morse code and MEG, we were able to identify a cortical network underlying language decoding in a time- and frequency-resolved manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Benjamin Junker
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical FacultyHeinrich‐Heine‐UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Tobias Schmidt‐Wilcke
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical FacultyHeinrich‐Heine‐UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
- Neurological Center MainkofenDeggendorfGermany
| | - Alfons Schnitzler
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical FacultyHeinrich‐Heine‐UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Joachim Lange
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical FacultyHeinrich‐Heine‐UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
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Ke Y, Liu S, Chen L, Wang X, Ming D. Lasting enhancements in neural efficiency by multi-session transcranial direct current stimulation during working memory training. NPJ SCIENCE OF LEARNING 2023; 8:48. [PMID: 37919371 PMCID: PMC10622507 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-023-00200-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The neural basis for long-term behavioral improvements resulting from multi-session transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with working memory training (WMT) remains unclear. In this study, we used task-related electroencephalography (EEG) measures to investigate the lasting neurophysiological effects of anodal high-definition (HD)-tDCS applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) during a challenging WMT. Thirty-four healthy young adults were randomized to sham or active tDCS groups and underwent ten 30-minute training sessions over ten consecutive days, preceded by a pre-test and followed by post-tests performed one day and three weeks after the last session, respectively, by performing high-load WM tasks along with EEG recording. Multi-session HD-tDCS significantly enhanced the behavioral benefits of WMT. Compared to the sham group, the active group showed facilitated increases in theta, alpha, beta, and gamma task-related oscillations at the end of training and significantly increased P300 response 3 weeks post-training. Our findings suggest that applying anodal tDCS over the left dlPFC during multi-session WMT can enhance the behavioral benefits of WMT and facilitate sustained improvements in WM-related neural efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Ke
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin International Joint Research Centre for Neural Engineering, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China.
- Haihe Laboratory of Brain-computer Interaction and Human-machine Integration, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Shuang Liu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin International Joint Research Centre for Neural Engineering, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China.
- Haihe Laboratory of Brain-computer Interaction and Human-machine Integration, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Long Chen
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin International Joint Research Centre for Neural Engineering, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
- Haihe Laboratory of Brain-computer Interaction and Human-machine Integration, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xiashuang Wang
- The Second Academy of China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation, Beijing, PR China
| | - Dong Ming
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin International Joint Research Centre for Neural Engineering, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China.
- Haihe Laboratory of Brain-computer Interaction and Human-machine Integration, Tianjin, PR China.
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Kou H, Luo W, Li X, Yang Y, Xiong M, Shao B, Xie Q, Bi T. Cognitive deficits for facial emotions among male adolescent delinquents with conduct disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:937754. [PMID: 36081455 PMCID: PMC9445197 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.937754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the social-cognitive theory and the social-information-processing theory, individuals with conduct disorder, a persistent and repetitive pattern of problematic behavior, might have cognitive biases toward hostile facial expressions. However, according to the optimal stimulation/arousal theory, the stimulation-seeking theory and the fearlessness theory, individuals with conduct disorder might have less fear and show less response to hostile or threatening facial expressions. To reconcile the discrepancy, we examined the cognitive biases including attentional processing and working memory processing to emotional faces among adolescents with conduct disorder. 35 male adolescent delinquents with conduct disorder and 35 age-matched delinquents without conduct disorder completed a visual search task and a delayed-match-to-sample task to examine their attentional processing and working memory processing for sad, angry, happy, and fearful faces, respectively. It was found that conduct disordered individuals searched angry and fearful faces, rather than sad and happy faces, more slowly than individuals without conduct disorder. However, no difference in mnemonic processing for facial emotions was found between groups. The results indicated that male adolescent delinquents with conduct disorder showed deficits in attentional orientation to hostile and threatening faces, supporting the optimal stimulation/arousal theory, the stimulation-seeking theory and the fearlessness theory, but not the social-cognitive theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Kou
- Center for Mental Health Research in School of Management, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Wei Luo
- The Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Criminal Justice, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, China
- Psychological Guidance Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Center for Mental Health Research in School of Management, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Min Xiong
- Center for Mental Health Research in School of Management, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Boyao Shao
- Center for Mental Health Research in School of Management, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qinhong Xie
- Center for Mental Health Research in School of Management, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Taiyong Bi
- Center for Mental Health Research in School of Management, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Shu IW, Granholm EL, Singh F. Targeting Frontal Gamma Activity with Neurofeedback to Improve Working Memory in Schizophrenia. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 63:153-172. [PMID: 35989397 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Optimal working memory (WM), the mental ability to internally maintain and manipulate task-relevant information, requires coordinated activity of dorsal-lateral prefrontal cortical (DLPFC) neurons. More specifically, during delay periods of tasks with WM features, DLPFC microcircuits generate persistent, stimulus-specific higher-frequency (e.g., gamma) activity. This activity largely depends on recurrent connections between parvalbumin positive inhibitory interneurons and pyramidal neurons in more superficial DLPFC layers. Due to the size and organization of pyramidal neurons (especially apical dendrites), local field potentials generated by DLPFC microcircuits are strong enough to pass outside the skull and can be detected using electroencephalography (EEG). Since patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) exhibit both DLPFC and WM abnormalities, EEG markers of DLPFC microcircuit activity during WM may serve as effective biomarkers or treatment targets. In this review, we summarize converging evidence from primate and human studies for a critical role of DLPFC microcircuit activity during WM and in the pathophysiology of SCZ. We also present a meta-analysis of studies available in PubMed specifically comparing frontal gamma activity between participants with SCZ and healthy controls, to determine whether frontal gamma activity may be a valid biomarker or treatment target for patients with SCZ. We summarize the complex cognitive and neurophysiologic processes contributing to neural oscillations during tasks with WM features, and how such complexity has stalled the development of neurophysiologic biomarkers and treatment targets. Finally, we summarize promising results from early reports using neuromodulation to target DLPFC neural activity and improve cognitive function in participants with SCZ, including a study from our team demonstrating that gamma-EEG neurofeedback increases frontal gamma power and WM performance in participants with SCZ. From the evidence discussed in this review, we believe the emerging field of neuromodulation, which includes extrinsic (electrical or magnetic stimulation) and intrinsic (EEG neurofeedback) modalities, will, in the coming decade, provide promising treatment options targeting specific neurophysiologic properties of specific brain areas to improve cognitive and behavioral health for patients with SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Wei Shu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eric L Granholm
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fiza Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Xie Y, Li Y, Duan H, Xu X, Zhang W, Fang P. Theta Oscillations and Source Connectivity During Complex Audiovisual Object Encoding in Working Memory. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:614950. [PMID: 33762914 PMCID: PMC7982740 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.614950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory is a limited capacity memory system that involves the short-term storage and processing of information. Neuroscientific studies of working memory have mostly focused on the essential roles of neural oscillations during item encoding from single sensory modalities (e.g., visual and auditory). However, the characteristics of neural oscillations during multisensory encoding in working memory are rarely studied. Our study investigated the oscillation characteristics of neural signals in scalp electrodes and mapped functional brain connectivity while participants encoded complex audiovisual objects in a working memory task. Experimental results showed that theta oscillations (4–8 Hz) were prominent and topographically distributed across multiple cortical regions, including prefrontal (e.g., superior frontal gyrus), parietal (e.g., precuneus), temporal (e.g., inferior temporal gyrus), and occipital (e.g., cuneus) cortices. Furthermore, neural connectivity at the theta oscillation frequency was significant in these cortical regions during audiovisual object encoding compared with single modality object encoding. These results suggest that local oscillations and interregional connectivity via theta activity play an important role during audiovisual object encoding and may contribute to the formation of working memory traces from multisensory items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Xie
- School of Education, Xin Yang College, Xinyang, China.,Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- School of Education, Xin Yang College, Xinyang, China
| | - Haidan Duan
- School of Education, Xin Yang College, Xinyang, China
| | - Xiliang Xu
- School of Education, Xin Yang College, Xinyang, China
| | - Wenmo Zhang
- Department of Fundamental, Army Logistical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Social Medicine and Health and Management, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Fang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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