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Tan E, Troller-Renfree SV, Morales S, Buzzell GA, McSweeney M, Antúnez M, Fox NA. Theta activity and cognitive functioning: Integrating evidence from resting-state and task-related developmental electroencephalography (EEG) research. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 67:101404. [PMID: 38852382 PMCID: PMC11214181 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The theta band is one of the most prominent frequency bands in the electroencephalography (EEG) power spectrum and presents an interesting paradox: while elevated theta power during resting state is linked to lower cognitive abilities in children and adolescents, increased theta power during cognitive tasks is associated with higher cognitive performance. Why does theta power, measured during resting state versus cognitive tasks, show differential correlations with cognitive functioning? This review provides an integrated account of the functional correlates of theta across different contexts. We first present evidence that higher theta power during resting state is correlated with lower executive functioning, attentional abilities, language skills, and IQ. Next, we review research showing that theta power increases during memory, attention, and cognitive control, and that higher theta power during these processes is correlated with better performance. Finally, we discuss potential explanations for the differential correlations between resting/task-related theta and cognitive functioning, and offer suggestions for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enda Tan
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA; Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA.
| | | | - Santiago Morales
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, CA 90007, USA
| | - George A Buzzell
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, FL 33199, USA
| | - Marco McSweeney
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Martín Antúnez
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Nathan A Fox
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA; Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
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Desowska A, Coffman S, Kim I, Underwood E, Tao A, Lopez KL, Nelson CA, Hensch TK, Gabard-Durnam L, Cornelissen L, Berde CB. Neurodevelopment of children exposed to prolonged anesthesia in infancy: GABA study interim analysis of resting-state brain networks at 2, 4, and 10-months old. Neuroimage Clin 2024; 42:103614. [PMID: 38754325 PMCID: PMC11126539 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have raised concerns regarding neurodevelopmental impacts of early exposures to general anesthesia and surgery. Electroencephalography (EEG) can be used to study ontogeny of brain networks during infancy. As a substudy of an ongoing study, we examined measures of functional connectivity in awake infants with prior early and prolonged anesthetic exposures and in control infants. METHODS EEG functional connectivity was assessed using debiased weighted phase lag index at source and sensor levels and graph theoretical measures for resting state activity in awake infants in the early anesthesia (n = 26 at 10 month visit, median duration of anesthesia = 4 [2, 7 h]) and control (n = 38 at 10 month visit) groups at ages approximately 2, 4 and 10 months. Theta and low alpha frequency bands were of primary interest. Linear mixed models incorporated impact of age and cumulative hours of general anesthesia exposure. RESULTS Models showed no significant impact of cumulative hours of general anesthesia exposure on debiased weighted phase lag index, characteristic path length, clustering coefficient or small-worldness (conditional R2 0.05-0.34). An effect of age was apparent in many of these measures. CONCLUSIONS We could not demonstrate significant impact of general anesthesia in the first months of life on early development of resting state brain networks over the first postnatal year. Future studies will explore these networks as these infants grow older.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Desowska
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Siobhan Coffman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Isabelle Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Ellen Underwood
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Alice Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Kelsie L Lopez
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - Charles A Nelson
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neurosciences, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Takao K Hensch
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | | | - Laura Cornelissen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Charles B Berde
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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3
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Wang L, Sheng J, Duan S, Lin S, Li Y, Li Z, Li S, Sataer Y, Chen J. How Society Anxiety Influences Attention Control in College Students: The Moderated Mediation Effect of Cognitive Flexibility and Resting-state Electroencephalography Activity. J Cogn Neurosci 2024; 36:327-339. [PMID: 38060259 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Social anxiety is a prevalent issue among college students, adversely affecting their overall well-being. Drawing from the cognitive model of social anxiety and attention control theory, heightened levels of social anxiety may correspond to poorer attention control ability. However, little is known about the underlying cognitive mechanisms of the relationship between social anxiety and attention control. To address this research gap, the current study recruited a sample of 156 college students (56 women) who underwent self-report measures of social anxiety, cognitive flexibility, and attention control, followed by a resting-state EEG recording. The results revealed a significant negative predictive effect of social anxiety on attention control, with cognitive flexibility partially mediating this relationship. Furthermore, resting-state theta power emerged as a significant moderator, accentuating the negative impact of social anxiety on cognitive flexibility among individuals with lower theta power. In addition, frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) demonstrated a moderating effect, with lower FAA intensifying the predictive influence of cognitive flexibility on attention control. Taken together, these results suggested that social anxiety can predict attention control either directly or indirectly via the mediating role of cognitive flexibility, and lower theta power and FAA has a risk amplification effect, which provide novel insights into the treatment and prevention of social anxiety and its negative impact on college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- South China Normal University
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhe Li
- South China Normal University
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4
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Nettinga J, Naseem S, Yakobi O, Willoughby T, Danckert J. Exploring EEG resting state as a function of boredom proneness in pre-adolescents and adolescents. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:123-135. [PMID: 37978080 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06733-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Boredom is a prominent experience commonly reported in school settings and associated with poor academic achievement. Little is known, however, about the age-related trajectory of boredom. Here we examined self-reported ratings of boredom in a cross-sectional sample of 8 to 15-year olds (n = 185) as a function of resting state EEG. Results indicated that reports of boredom in school rose as a function of age. Resting state EEG showed a decrease in theta power with age perhaps reflective of increased control. While no effects were evident in beta and alpha bands, we did observe an interaction between boredom and age for frontal asymmetry such that for those higher in boredom, the asymmetry increased with age. Finally, for theta to beta ratios there were main effects of age (i.e., a decrease in theta/beta ratio with age) and boredom such that those higher in boredom had higher theta/beta ratios over frontal and central brain areas. The results are discussed in the context of prior work on school-related boredom and provide several important avenues for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Nettinga
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Sarah Naseem
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Ofir Yakobi
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Teena Willoughby
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catherines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - James Danckert
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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Kavanaugh BC, Parade S, Seifer R, McLaughlin NCR, Tirrell E, Festa EK, Oberman LM, Novick AM, Carpenter LL, Tyrka AR. Childhood stress, gender, and cognitive control: Midline theta power. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 169:298-306. [PMID: 38070470 PMCID: PMC10997405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of psychiatric symptoms is a common consequence of childhood stress exposure. However, there are a dearth of reliable clinical hallmarks or physiological biomarkers to predict post-trauma symptom emergence. The objective of this study was to examine if childhood stressors and stress-related symptoms are associated with altered midline theta power (MTP) during cognitive control demands, and how these associations interact with gender and early adversity. N = 53 children (ages 9-13 years old) from a longitudinal study of children maltreated during early childhood and non-maltreated children participated in this study. EEG recorded neural activity during a Zoo-Themed Go/No-Go task. Stress-related symptoms, recent stressful events, and other adversity experiences were identified. MTP was analyzed with clinical variables in a series of follow-up analyses. The number of stressors in the past six months was negatively correlated with MTP in those with low preschool adversity, but not in those with high preschool adversity. MTP was higher in girls than in boys, and the associations of MTP with stressors and symptoms were moderated by gender. MTP was negatively associated with stressors in the past six months in girls, while in boys, MTP was associated with stress-related symptoms. Childhood stressful events were associated with reduced MTP during cognitive control demands, and this was finding was moderated by gender and early life adversity. These preliminary findings suggest that boys and girls may process stressful experiences in distinct ways, and preschool adversity may potentially blunt the interaction between current stress and neural dynamics. However, ongoing investigation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Kavanaugh
- E. P. Bradley Hospital, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Brown University, United States.
| | - Stephanie Parade
- E. P. Bradley Hospital, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Brown University, United States
| | - Ronald Seifer
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Nicole C R McLaughlin
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Brown University, United States; Butler Hospital, United States
| | - Eric Tirrell
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Brown University, United States; Butler Hospital, United States
| | - Elena K Festa
- Department of Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, United States
| | | | - Andrew M Novick
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, United States
| | - Linda L Carpenter
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Brown University, United States; Butler Hospital, United States
| | - Audrey R Tyrka
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Brown University, United States; Butler Hospital, United States
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Pscherer C, Wendiggensen P, Mückschel M, Bluschke A, Beste C. Alpha and theta band activity share information relevant to proactive and reactive control during conflict-modulated response inhibition. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:5936-5952. [PMID: 37728249 PMCID: PMC10619371 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Response inhibition is an important instance of cognitive control and can be complicated by perceptual conflict. The neurophysiological mechanisms underlying these processes are still not understood. Especially the relationship between neural processes directly preceding cognitive control (proactive control) and processes underlying cognitive control (reactive control) has not been examined although there should be close links. In the current study, we investigate these aspects in a sample of N = 50 healthy adults. Time-frequency and beamforming approaches were applied to analyze the interrelation of brain states before (pre-trial) and during (within-trial) cognitive control. The behavioral data replicate a perceptual conflict-dependent modulation of response inhibition. During the pre-trial period, insular, inferior frontal, superior temporal, and precentral alpha activity was positively correlated with theta activity in the same regions and the superior frontal gyrus. Additionally, participants with a stronger pre-trial alpha activity in the primary motor cortex showed a stronger (within-trial) conflict effect in the theta band in the primary motor cortex. This theta conflict effect was further related to a stronger theta conflict effect in the midcingulate cortex until the end of the trial. The temporal cascade of these processes suggests that successful proactive preparation (anticipatory information gating) entails a stronger reactive processing of the conflicting stimulus information likely resulting in a realization of the need to adapt the current action plan. The results indicate that theta and alpha band activity share and transfer aspects of information when it comes to the interrelationship between proactive and reactive control during conflict-modulated motor inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Pscherer
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryFaculty of Medicine of the TU DresdenDresdenGermany
- University Neuropsychology CenterFaculty of Medicine, TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Paul Wendiggensen
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryFaculty of Medicine of the TU DresdenDresdenGermany
- University Neuropsychology CenterFaculty of Medicine, TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Moritz Mückschel
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryFaculty of Medicine of the TU DresdenDresdenGermany
- University Neuropsychology CenterFaculty of Medicine, TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Annet Bluschke
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryFaculty of Medicine of the TU DresdenDresdenGermany
- University Neuropsychology CenterFaculty of Medicine, TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryFaculty of Medicine of the TU DresdenDresdenGermany
- University Neuropsychology CenterFaculty of Medicine, TU DresdenDresdenGermany
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7
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The Effects of Different Theta and Beta Neurofeedback Training Protocols on Cognitive Control in ADHD. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE ENHANCEMENT 2022; 6:463-477. [PMID: 36373033 PMCID: PMC9638270 DOI: 10.1007/s41465-022-00255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neurofeedback (NF) is an important treatment for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In ADHD, cognitive control deficits pose considerable problems to patients. However, NF protocols are not yet optimized to enhance cognitive control alongside with clinical symptoms, partly because they are not driven by basic cognitive neuroscience. In this study, we evaluated different EEG theta and/or beta frequency band NF protocols designed to enhance cognitive control. Participants were n = 157 children and adolescents, n = 129 of them were patients with ADHD (n = 28 typically developing (TD) controls). Patients with ADHD were divided into five groups in the order of referral, with four of them taking part in different NF protocols systematically varying theta and beta power. The fifth ADHD group and the TD group did not undergo NF. All NF protocols resulted in reductions of ADHD symptoms. Importantly, only when beta frequencies were enhanced during NF (without any theta regulation or in combination with theta upregulation), consistent enhancing effects in both response inhibition and conflict control were achieved. The theta/beta NF protocol most widely used in clinical settings revealed comparatively limited effects. Enhancements in beta band activity are key when aiming to improve cognitive control functions in ADHD. This calls for a change in the use of theta/beta NF protocols and shows that protocols differing from the current clinical standard are effective in enhancing important facets of cognitive control in ADHD. Further studies need to examine regulation data within the neurofeedback sessions to provide more information about the mechanisms underlying the observed effects.
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8
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Pereira Soares SM, Prystauka Y, DeLuca V, Rothman J. Type of bilingualism conditions individual differences in the oscillatory dynamics of inhibitory control. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:910910. [PMID: 35966987 PMCID: PMC9369864 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.910910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study uses EEG time-frequency representations (TFRs) with a Flanker task to investigate if and how individual differences in bilingual language experience modulate neurocognitive outcomes (oscillatory dynamics) in two bilingual group types: late bilinguals (L2 learners) and early bilinguals (heritage speakers-HSs). TFRs were computed for both incongruent and congruent trials. The difference between the two (Flanker effect vis-à-vis cognitive interference) was then (1) compared between the HSs and the L2 learners, (2) modeled as a function of individual differences with bilingual experience within each group separately and (3) probed for its potential (a)symmetry between brain and behavioral data. We found no differences at the behavioral and neural levels for the between-groups comparisons. However, oscillatory dynamics (mainly theta increase and alpha suppression) of inhibition and cognitive control were found to be modulated by individual differences in bilingual language experience, albeit distinctly within each bilingual group. While the results indicate adaptations toward differential brain recruitment in line with bilingual language experience variation overall, this does not manifest uniformly. Rather, earlier versus later onset to bilingualism-the bilingual type-seems to constitute an independent qualifier to how individual differences play out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Miguel Pereira Soares
- Department of Linguistics, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Language Development Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Yanina Prystauka
- Department of Language and Culture, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Vincent DeLuca
- Department of Language and Culture, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jason Rothman
- Department of Language and Culture, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Nebrija Research Center in Cognition, University of Nebrija, Madrid, Spain
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Kuo CH, Casimo K, Wu J, Collins K, Rice P, Chen BW, Yang SH, Lo YC, Novotny EJ, Weaver KE, Chen YY, Ojemann JG. Electrocorticography to Investigate Age-Related Brain Lateralization on Pediatric Motor Inhibition. Front Neurol 2022; 13:747053. [PMID: 35330804 PMCID: PMC8940229 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.747053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Response inhibition refers to the ability to suppress inappropriate actions that interfere with goal-driven behavior. The inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) is known to be associated with inhibition of a motor response by assuming executive control over motor cortex outputs. This study aimed to evaluate the pediatric development of response inhibition through subdural electrocorticography (ECoG) recording. Subdural ECoG recorded neural activities simultaneously during a Go/No-Go task, which was optimized for children. Different frequency power [theta: 4–8 Hz; beta: 12–40 Hz; high-gamma (HG): 70–200 Hz] was estimated within the IFG and motor cortex. Age-related analysis was computed by each bandpass power ratio between Go and No-Go conditions, and phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) over IFG by using the modulating index metric in two conditions. For all the eight pediatric patients, HG power was more activated in No-Go trials than in Go trials, in either right- or left-side IFG when available. In the IFG region, the power over theta and HG in No-Go conditions was higher than those in Go conditions, with significance over the right side (p < 0.05). The age-related lateralization from both sides to the right side was observed from the ratio of HG power and PAC value between the No-Go and Go trials. In the pediatric population, the role of motor inhibition was observed in both IFG, with age-related lateralization to the right side, which was proved in the previous functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. In this study, the evidence correlation of age and response inhibition was observed directly by the evidence of cortical recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Hung Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kaitlyn Casimo
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Center for Neurotechnology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for Neurotechnology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kelly Collins
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Patrick Rice
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Learning and Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Bo-Wei Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lo
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Edward J Novotny
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kurt E Weaver
- Department of Radiology, Integrated Brain Imaging Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Center for Neurotechnology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - You-Yin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeffrey G Ojemann
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Center for Neurotechnology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Departments of Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States
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Pscherer C, Bluschke A, Mückschel M, Beste C. The interplay of resting and inhibitory control-related theta-band activity depends on age. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:3845-3857. [PMID: 33982854 PMCID: PMC8288092 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resting‐state neural activity plays an important role for cognitive control processes. Regarding response inhibition processes, an important facet of cognitive control, especially theta‐band activity has been the focus of research. Theoretical considerations suggest that the interrelation of resting and task‐related theta activity is subject to maturational effects. To investigate whether the relationship between resting theta activity and task‐related theta activity during a response inhibition task changes even in young age, we tested N = 166 healthy participants between 8 and 30 years of age. We found significant correlations between resting and inhibitory control‐related theta activity as well as behavioral inhibition performance. Importantly, these correlations were moderated by age. The moderation analysis revealed that higher resting theta activity was associated with stronger inhibition‐related theta activity in individuals above the age of ~10.7 years. The EEG beamforming analysis showed that this activity is associated with superior frontal region function (BA6). The correlation between resting and superior frontal response inhibition‐related theta activity became stronger with increasing age. A similar pattern was found for response inhibition performance, albeit only evident from the age of ~19.5 years. The results suggest that with increasing age, resting theta activity becomes increasingly important for processing the alarm/surprise signals in superior frontal brain regions during inhibitory control. Possible causes for these developmental changes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Pscherer
- Faculty of Medicine, Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annet Bluschke
- Faculty of Medicine, Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Moritz Mückschel
- Faculty of Medicine, Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Faculty of Medicine, Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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