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Cheng X, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Zhuo L. Theoretical investigation of the borazine B9N9 monocyclic ring. Chem Phys Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2023.140476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Neogi I, Szpilman AM. Synthesis and Reactions of Borazines. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1684-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractGiven the wide array of current applications of borazine-based materials, synthetic access to these compounds is of importance. This review summarizes the many ways of preparing borazines and its carbo-substituted analogues. In addition, the functionalization of borazines is covered. The synthesis of molecules incorporating more than one borazine units as well as aspects of unsymmetrically substituted borazines are not included. The literature has been covered comprehensively until the end of 2020.1 Introduction: Structure and Properties of Borazine2 Synthesis of Parent Borazine3 Synthesis of N-Substituted Borazines4 Synthesis of B-Halo/B-Halo-N-Substituted Borazines5 Synthesis of B-Substituted Borazines6 Synthesis of Polycyclic Borazines Containing One Borazine Ring7 Modifications or Hydrolysis of the Borazine Ring8 Borazine Metal Complexes9 Outlook and Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Neogi
- Photoscience and Photonics Section, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
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Effect of heteroatoms on aromaticity analyzed by geometric, magnetic, and electronic criteria. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ota K, Kinjo R. A Neutral and Aromatic Boron‐Rich Inorganic Benzene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6572-6575. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Ota
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Ota
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
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Theoretical study of the effects of substituents (F, Cl, Br, CH 3, and CN) on the aromaticity of borazine. J Mol Model 2018; 24:34. [PMID: 29313144 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3555-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a theoretical study of the effects of substituents (F, Cl, Br, CH3, and CN) on the aromaticity of borazine (B3N3H6), using density functional theory (DFT) and the Hartree-Fock (HF) method. The calculations to optimize the geometries, structural properties, and vibrational frequencies were performed using the same 6-311G(d,p) and 6-311++G(d,p) basis sets, comparing the methods with experimental results. In the analysis of the NICSZZ values, it was found that that replacing the hydrogen atoms by halogen atoms (F, Cl, and Br) and CH3 reduced the aromaticity of the borazine molecule, while use of the CN group resulted in NICSZZ values (0.9-2.0 Å) very close to those of borazine, presenting the following order of increasing aromaticity: B3N3H3-(Br)3 < B3N3H3-(Cl)3 < B3N3H3-(F)3 < B3N3H3-(CH3)3 < B3N3H6 ~ B3N3H3-(CN)3. All the spectra of the compounds showed only the presence of transition peaks distant from the UV region, reflecting the large energy difference between the HOMO and LUMO orbitals. After the substitution of the borazine ring, all the compounds presented an intensification of the spectrum, with a shift of the maximum absorbance toward red, indicative of a bathochromic effect. There was a direct inverse relation between the energy gap and the maximum wavelength of the compounds.
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Papadopoulos AG, Charistos ND, Muñoz-Castro A. On the role of heteroatoms in aromatic rings. Insights from 10π main group elements heterorings [(EH)2S2N4]q(E = C, P, B, Si, Al and q = 0, −2). NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj03573b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heteroatoms with increasing electronegativity increased the aromatic behavior in a representative 10π-electron [C8H8]2−organic ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios G. Papadopoulos
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
- Department of Chemistry
- Laboratory of Applied Quantum Chemistry
- Thessaloniki 54 124
- Greece
| | - Nickolas D. Charistos
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
- Department of Chemistry
- Laboratory of Applied Quantum Chemistry
- Thessaloniki 54 124
- Greece
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Grupo de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares
- Universidad Autonoma de Chile
- Santiago
- Chile
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Söyleyici HC, Uyanık S, Sevinçek R, Fırıncı E, Bursalı B, Burgaz O, Aygün M, Şahin Y. Synthesis and structures of monocyclic 1,4-diaza-2,3-diborine species. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bats JW, Ma K, Lerner HW. Four (2,2′-bipyridyl)(ferrocenyl)boronium derivatives. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2015; 71:26-31. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053229614025406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Crystal structures are reported for four (2,2′-bipyridyl)(ferrocenyl)boronium derivatives, namely (2,2′-bipyridyl)(ethenyl)(ferrocenyl)boronium hexafluoridophosphate, [Fe(C5H5)(C17H15BN2)]PF6, (Ib), (2,2′-bipyridyl)(tert-butylamino)(ferrocenyl)boronium bromide, [Fe(C5H5)(C19H22BN3)]Br, (IIa), (2,2′-bipyridyl)(ferrocenyl)(4-methoxyphenylamino)boronium hexafluoridophosphate acetonitrile hemisolvate, [Fe(C5H5)(C22H20BN3O)]PF6·0.5CH3CN, (IIIb), and 1,1′-bis[(2,2′-bipyridyl)(cyanomethyl)boronium]ferrocene bis(hexafluoridophosphate), [Fe(C17H14BN3)2](PF6)2, (IVb). The asymmetric unit of (IIIb) contains two independent cations with very similar conformations. The B atom has a distorted tetrahedral coordination in all four structures. The cyclopentadienyl rings of (Ib), (IIa) and (IIIb) are approximately eclipsed, while a bisecting conformation is found for (IVb). The N—H groups of (IIa) and (IIIb) are shielded by the ferrocenyl andtert-butyl or phenyl groups and are therefore not involved in hydrogen bonding. The B—N(amine) bond lengths are shortened by delocalization of π-electrons. In the cations with an amine substituent at boron, the B—N(bipyridyl) bonds are 0.035 (3) Å longer than in the cations with a methylene C atom bonded to boron. A similar lengthening of the B—N(bipyridyl) bonds is found in a survey of related cations with an oxy group attached to the B atom.
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Müller M, Maichle-Mössmer C, Sirsch P, Bettinger HF. Is There BN Bond-Length Alternation in 1,2:3,4:5,6-Tris(biphenylylene)borazines? Chempluschem 2013; 78:988-994. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201300110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sablon N, De Proft F, Solà M, Geerlings P. The linear response kernel of conceptual DFT as a measure of aromaticity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:3960-7. [PMID: 22322586 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23372j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We continue a series of papers in which the chemical importance of the linear response kernel χ(r,r') of conceptual DFT is investigated. In previous contributions (J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2010, 6, 3671; J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2010, 1, 1228; Chem. Phys. Lett. 2010, 498, 192), two computational methodologies were presented and it was observed that the linear response kernel could serve as a measure of electron delocalisation, discerning inductive, resonance and hyperconjugation effects. This study takes the analysis one step further, linking the linear response kernel to the concept of aromaticity. Based on a detailed analysis of a series of organic and inorganic (poly)cyclic molecules, we show that the atom-condensed linear response kernel discriminates between aromatic and non-aromatic systems. Moreover, a new quantitative measure of aromaticity, termed the para linear response (PLR) index, is introduced. Its definition was inspired by the recent work published around the para delocalisation index (PDI). Both indices are shown to correlate very well, which emphasises the linear response kernel's value in the theoretical description of aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Sablon
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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LI JIABO, DUKE BRIANJ, KLAPÖTKE THOMASM, MCWEENY ROY. SPIN DENSITY OF SPIN-FREE VALENCE BOND WAVE FUNCTIONS AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN VB2000. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633608004167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The expressions for computing the spin density of spin-free valence bond wave functions are derived based on the bonded tableaux approach. The new expressions, although similar to the original forms given by Cooper and McWeeny in the 1960s, are simpler and thus easier for coding. The new formulation was implemented in VB2000, an ab initio valence bond program based on algebrant algorithm and group function theory. The spin density calculation for multi-group VB wave functions is also briefly discussed. As examples of applications, the spin densities of allyl radical and diazide anion [Formula: see text] were computed at different VB levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- JIABO LI
- SciNet Technologies, 9943 Fieldthorn St., San Diego, CA 92127, USA
| | - BRIAN J. DUKE
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - THOMAS M. KLAPÖTKE
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian, University Munich (LMU), Butenandtstr. 5-13 D, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - ROY MCWEENY
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
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Bettinger HF, Kar T, Sánchez-García E. Borazine and Benzene Homo- and Heterodimers. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:3353-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp808173h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Holger F. Bettinger
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany, Institut für Organische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, and Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Tapas Kar
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany, Institut für Organische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, and Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Elsa Sánchez-García
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany, Institut für Organische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, and Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Del Bene JE, Elguero J, Alkorta I, Yañez M, Mó O. An ab initio study of 15N-11B spin-spin coupling constants for borazine and selected derivatives. J Phys Chem A 2007; 110:9959-66. [PMID: 16898700 DOI: 10.1021/jp0628737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ab initio equation-of-motion coupled-cluster singles and doubles (EOM-CCSD) calculations have been performed to investigate substituent effects on coupling constants for borazine and selected substituted borazines. For molecules in which F atoms are not bonded to adjacent atoms in the ring, F substitution increases the one-bond (11)B-(15)N coupling constants involving the atom at which substitution occurs but leaves the remaining one-bond B-N coupling constants essentially unchanged. For these molecules, the magnitudes of one-bond B-N coupling constants are only slightly dependent on the number of F atoms present. Fluorine substitution at adjacent B and N atoms in the borazine ring further increases the one-bond B-N coupling constant involving the substituted atoms and has the same effect on the other one-bond coupling constants as observed for corresponding molecules in which substitution occurs at alternate sites. In contrast to the effect of F substitution, substitution of Li at either N or B decreases one-bond B-N coupling constants relative to borazine. The effects of F and Li substitution on one-bond B-N coupling constants for borazine are similar to F and Li substitution effects on (13)C-(13)C coupling constants for benzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet E Del Bene
- Department of Chemistry, Youngstown State University, Youngstown, Ohio 44555, Instituto de Química, Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Islas R, Chamorro E, Robles J, Heine T, Santos JC, Merino G. Borazine: to be or not to be aromatic. Struct Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-007-9229-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
This essay provides a perspective on several issues in valence bond theory: the physical significance of semilocal bonding orbitals, the capability of valence bond concepts to explain systems with multireferences character, the use of valence bond theory to provide analytical representations of potential energy surfaces for chemical dynamics by the method of semiempirical valence bond potential energy surfaces (an early example of specific reaction parameters), by multiconfiguration molecular mechanics, by the combined valence bond-molecular mechanics method, and by the use of valence bond states as coupled diabatic states for describing electronically nonadiabatic processes (photochemistry). The essay includes both ab initio and semiempirical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald G Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, USA.
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