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Liu Q, Wu C, Liu H, Wang M, Zhao C, Zhang F. Real-Time Monitoring of Multistep Batch and Flow Synthesis Processes of a Key Intermediate of Lifitegrast by a Combined Spectrometer System with Both Near-Infrared and Raman Spectroscopies Coupled to Partial Least-Squares. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:20214-20222. [PMID: 38737057 PMCID: PMC11079892 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Process analytical technology (PAT) has been successfully applied in numerous chemical synthesis cases and is an important tool in pharmaceutical process research and development. PAT brings new methods and opportunities for the real-time monitoring of chemical processes. In multistep synthesis, real-time monitoring of the complex reaction mixtures is a significant challenge but provides an opportunity to enhance reaction understanding and control. In this study, a combined multichannel spectrometer system with both near-infrared and Raman spectroscopy was built, and calibration models were developed to quantify the desired products, intermediates, and impurities in real-time at multiple points along the synthetic pathway. The capabilities of the system have been demonstrated by operating dynamic experiments in both batch and continuous-flow processes. It represents a significant step forward in data-driven, multistep pharmaceutical ingredient synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Liu
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanghai Jiao
Tong University, Minhang District, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanjun Wu
- Shanghai
Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China
State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Pudong District, 201203 Shanghai, China
| | - Huiting Liu
- Shanghai
PROXS Chemical Technology Co. Ltd., Pudong District, 201203 Shanghai, China
| | - Mengfei Wang
- Shanghai
Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China
State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Pudong District, 201203 Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanmeng Zhao
- Shanghai
Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China
State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Pudong District, 201203 Shanghai, China
| | - Fuli Zhang
- Shanghai
Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China
State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Pudong District, 201203 Shanghai, China
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2
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Varga PR, Karaghiosoff K, Sári ÉV, Simon A, Hegedűs L, Drahos L, Keglevich G. New N-acyl- as well as N-phosphonoylmethyl- and N-phosphinoylmethyl-α-amino-benzylphosphonates by acylation and a tandem Kabachnik-Fields protocol. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1709-1718. [PMID: 36723166 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00010a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Diethyl α-benzylamino- and α-amino-benzylphosphonates obtained by the Kabachnik-Fields reaction were useful intermediates in the synthesis of other derivatives. Acylation of α-aminophosphonates with acyl chlorides led to the corresponding N-acyl species existing under a dynamic equilibrium of two conformers. Judging from the broad NMR signals, the sterically most crowded N-benzoyl-N-benzyl derivative suffered a hindered rotation around the N-C axis to the acyl carbon atom at 26 °C. Low temperature NMR measurements at -10 °C showed the presence of two distinct rotamers that were characterized. The other acylated α-amino-benzylphosphonates prepared revealed a less hindered rotation. Single crystal X-ray diffraction of the NH-propionyl species showed a dimer, in which the two molecules were held together by rare intermolecular PO⋯HN bonds. On the other hand, substituted α-benzylamino-benzylphosphonates prepared by phospha-Mannich reactions were employed, as a new approach, in a second Kabachnik-Fields condensation by reaction with formaldehyde and dialkyl phosphites or secondary phosphine oxides to afford novel N-phosphonoylmethyl- and N-phosphinoylmethyl-α-amino-benzylphosphonates. The structure of the new products was confirmed by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. A symmetrical bis derivative was prepared in a diastereoselective manner. A related tris(phosphonoylmethyl)amine species was also synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Regina Varga
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Konstantin Karaghiosoff
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Éva Viktória Sári
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - András Simon
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1521 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Hegedűs
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - László Drahos
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Keglevich
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
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3
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian R. James
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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4
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Varga PR, Keglevich G. Synthesis of α-Aminophosphonates and Related Derivatives; the Last Decade of the Kabachnik-Fields Reaction. Molecules 2021; 26:2511. [PMID: 33923090 PMCID: PMC8123346 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Kabachnik-Fields reaction, comprising the condensation of an amine, oxo compound and a P-reagent (generally a >P(O)H species or trialkyl phosphite), still attracts interest due to the challenging synthetic procedures and the potential biological activity of the resulting α-aminophosphonic derivatives. Following the success of the first part (Molecules 2012, 17, 12821), here we summarize the synthetic developments in this field accumulated in the last decade. The procedures compiled include catalytic accomplishments as well as catalyst-free and/or solvent-free "greener" protocols. The products embrace α-aminophosphonates, α-aminophosphinates, and α-aminophosphine oxides along with different bis derivatives from the double phospha-Mannich approach. The newer developments of the aza-Pudovik reactions are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - György Keglevich
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1521 Budapest, Hungary;
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5
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Keglevich G. Microwaves as "Co-Catalysts" or as Substitute for Catalysts in Organophosphorus Chemistry. Molecules 2021; 26:1196. [PMID: 33672361 PMCID: PMC7926777 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to summarize the importance of microwave (MW) irradiation as a kind of catalyst in organophosphorus chemistry. Slow or reluctant reactions, such as the Diels-Alder cycloaddition or an inverse-Wittig type reaction, may be performed efficiently under MW irradiation. The direct esterification of phosphinic and phosphonic acids, which is practically impossible on conventional heating, may be realized under MW conditions. Ionic liquid additives may promote further esterifications. The opposite reaction, the hydrolysis of P-esters, has also relevance among the MW-assisted transformations. A typical case is when the catalysts are substituted by MWs, which is exemplified by the reduction of phosphine oxides, and by the Kabachnik-Fields condensation affording α-aminophosphonic derivatives. Finally, the Hirao P-C coupling reaction may serve as an example, when the catalyst may be simplified under MW conditions. All of the examples discussed fulfill the expectations of green chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Keglevich
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1521 Budapest, Hungary
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6
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Zhao W, Yang C, Zhang X, Deng Y, Han C, Ma Z, Wang L, Ye L. Visible-Light-Driven Selective Oxidative Coupling of Amines to Imines by Bismuth-Rich Bismuth Oxybromide in Water. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:116-120. [PMID: 31746144 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201902574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic selective oxidative coupling of amines is a promising method for imine synthesis. Bismuth-rich bismuth oxybromide photocatalysts have been found to exhibit improved conversion and selectivity for the visible-light-driven selective oxidative coupling of amines to imines in water. Benzylamines with either electron-withdrawing or electron-donating groups undergo good conversion (94-99 %) and excellent selectivity (93-98 %) to the corresponding imines. The average apparent quantum efficiency at 455 nm is 57.4 %. Active species trapping experiments, isotope experiments, and in situ infrared spectroscopy reveal that water both serves as solvent and participates in the coupling reaction as a reactant. This work provides a green and environmentally friendly method for the efficient synthesis of imines with bismuth-rich bismuth oxyhalides and reveals water is involved in the oxidative coupling mechanism of benzylamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Solar, Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, P. R. China
| | - Chunxia Yang
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Solar, Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Solar, Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, P. R. China
| | - Yu Deng
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, P. R. China
| | - Chunqiu Han
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Solar, Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyu Ma
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Solar, Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Solar, Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, P. R. China
| | - Liqun Ye
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Solar, Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, P. R. China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, P. R. China
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7
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Abstract
This review is devoted to the theoretic and synthetic aspects of asymmetric electrophilic substitution reactions at the stereogenic phosphorus center. The stereochemistry and mechanisms of electrophilic reactions are discussed—the substitution, addition and addition-elimination of many important reactions. The reactions of bimolecular electrophilic substitution SE2(P) proceed stereospecifically with the retention of absolute configuration at the phosphorus center, in contrast to the reactions of bimolecular nucleophilic substitution SN2(P), proceeding with inversion of absolute configuration. This conclusion was made based on stereochemical analysis of a wide range of trivalent phosphorus reactions with typical electrophiles and investigation of examples of a sizeable number of diverse compounds. The combination of stereospecific electrophilic reactions and stereoselective nucleophilic reactions is useful and promising for the further development of organophosphorus chemistry. The study of phosphoryl group transfer reactions is important for biological and molecular chemistry, as well as in studying mechanisms of chemical processes involving organophosphorus compounds. New versions of asymmetric electrophilic reactions applicable for the synthesis of enantiopure P-chiral secondary and tertiary phosphines are discussed.
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8
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Bálint E, Tajti Á, Ladányi-Pára K, Tóth N, Mátravölgyi B, Keglevich G. Continuous flow synthesis of α-aryl-α-aminophosphonates. PURE APPL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2018-0923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The synthesis of α-aryl-α-aminophosphonates was performed by the three-component Kabachnik-Fields reaction of primary amines, benzaldehyde derivatives and dialkyl phosphites in a continuous flow microwave reactor. The target compounds could be obtained in high (~90%) yields without any catalyst in simple alcohols as the solvent. The flow process elaborated required shorter reaction times and lower excess of the reagent, as compared to the “traditional” batch reactions, and allowed the synthesis of the α-aminophosphonates on a somewhat larger scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Bálint
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology , Budapest University of Technology and Economics , Budapest 1521 , Hungary
| | - Ádám Tajti
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology , Budapest University of Technology and Economics , Budapest 1521 , Hungary
| | - Katalin Ladányi-Pára
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology , Budapest University of Technology and Economics , Budapest 1521 , Hungary
| | - Nóra Tóth
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology , Budapest University of Technology and Economics , Budapest 1521 , Hungary
| | - Béla Mátravölgyi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology , Budapest University of Technology and Economics , Budapest 1521 , Hungary
| | - György Keglevich
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology , Budapest University of Technology and Economics , Budapest 1521 , Hungary
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9
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Lewkowski J, Jóźwiak A, Tokarz P, Zagórski PM, Hamera R, Cal D, Satała G, Bojarski AJ. Synthesis of Some Aminophosphonates BearingN-(Fluorophenyl)-piperazynyl Moiety and Their Activity toward Serotonin Receptors. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.21259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Lewkowski
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Łódź; 91-403 Łódź Poland
| | - Andrzej Jóźwiak
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Łódź; 91-403 Łódź Poland
| | - Paweł Tokarz
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Łódź; 91-403 Łódź Poland
| | - Piotr M. Zagórski
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Łódź; 91-403 Łódź Poland
| | - Róża Hamera
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Łódź; 91-403 Łódź Poland
| | - Dariusz Cal
- Department of Organic & Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Łódź; 91-403 Łódź Poland
| | - Grzegorz Satała
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Institute of Pharmacology; Polish Academy of Sciences; 31-343 Kraków Poland
| | - Andrzej J. Bojarski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Institute of Pharmacology; Polish Academy of Sciences; 31-343 Kraków Poland
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10
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Csontos I, Pataki H, Farkas A, Bata H, Vajna B, Nagy ZK, Keglevich G, Marosi GJ. Feedback Control of Oximation Reaction by Inline Raman Spectroscopy. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500015d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- István Csontos
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Organic Chemical
Technology, H-1111 Budapest, Müegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - Hajnalka Pataki
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Organic Chemical
Technology, H-1111 Budapest, Müegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - Attila Farkas
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Organic Chemical
Technology, H-1111 Budapest, Müegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - Henrik Bata
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Organic Chemical
Technology, H-1111 Budapest, Müegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - Balázs Vajna
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Organic Chemical
Technology, H-1111 Budapest, Müegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - Zsombor K. Nagy
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Organic Chemical
Technology, H-1111 Budapest, Müegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - György Keglevich
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Organic Chemical
Technology, H-1111 Budapest, Müegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - György J. Marosi
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Organic Chemical
Technology, H-1111 Budapest, Müegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
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11
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Bálint E, Fazekas E, Drahos L, Keglevich G. The Synthesis ofN,N-Bis(dialkoxyphosphinoylmethyl)- andN,N-Bis(diphenylphosphinoylmethyl)glycine Esters by the Microwave-Assisted Double Kabachnik-Fields Reaction. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.21126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Bálint
- MTA-BME Research Group for Organic Chemical Technology; 1521 Budapest Hungary
| | - Eszter Fazekas
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; 1521 Budapest Hungary
| | - László Drahos
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; 1525 Budapest Hungary
| | - György Keglevich
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; 1521 Budapest Hungary
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12
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Keglevich G, Bálint E. The Kabachnik-Fields reaction: mechanism and synthetic use. Molecules 2012; 17:12821-35. [PMID: 23117425 PMCID: PMC6268146 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171112821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Kabachnik–Fields (phospha-Mannich) reaction involving the condensation of primary or secondary amines, oxo compounds (aldehydes and ketones) and >P(O)H species, especially dialkyl phosphites, represents a good choice for the synthesis of α-aminophosphonates that are of significant importance due to their biological activity. In general, these three-component reactions may take place via an imine or an α-hydroxy-phosphonate intermediate. The monitoring of a few Kabachnik–Fields reactions by in situ Fourier transform IR spectroscopy has indicated the involvement of the imine intermediate that was also justified by theoretical calculations. The Kabachnik–Fields reaction was extended to >P(O)H species, comprising cyclic phosphites, acyclic and cyclic H-phosphinates, as well as secondary phosphine oxides. On the other hand, heterocyclic amines were also used to prepare new α-amino phosphonic, phosphinic and phosphine oxide derivatives. In most cases, the synthesis under solvent-free microwave (MW) conditions is the method of choice. It was proved that, in the cases studied by us, there was no need for the use of any catalyst. Moreover, it can be said that sophisticated and environmentally unfriendly catalysts suggested are completely unnecessary under MW conditions. Finally, the double Kabachnik–Fields reaction has made available bis(phosphonomethyl)amines, bis(phosphinoxidomethyl)amines and related species. The bis(phosphinoxidomethyl)amines serve as precursors for bisphosphines that furnish ring platinum complexes on reaction with dichlorodibenzonitriloplatinum.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Keglevich
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary.
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Bálint E, Fazekas E, Pongrácz P, Kollár L, Drahos L, Holczbauer T, Czugler M, Keglevich G. N-Benzyl and N-aryl bis(phospha-Mannich adducts): Synthesis and catalytic activity of the related bidentate chelate platinum complexes in hydroformylation. J Organomet Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2012.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Keglevich G, Kiss NZ, Menyhárd DK, Fehérvári A, Csontos I. A study on the kabachnik--fields reaction of benzaldehyde, cyclohexylamine, and dialkyl phosphites. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.20767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Zsuzsa Kiss N, Kaszás A, Drahos L, Mucsi Z, Keglevich G. A neighbouring group effect leading to enhanced nucleophilic substitution of amines at the hindered α-carbon atom of an α-hydroxyphosphonate. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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