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Shieh JM, Chang TW, Wang JH, Liang SP, Kao PL, Chen LY, Yen CJ, Chen YJ, Chang WC, Chen BK. RNA-binding protein-regulated fibronectin is essential for EGFR-activated metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23206. [PMID: 37718485 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300527r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
There is a higher expression level of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in up to 90% of advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tissue than in normal surrounding tissues. However, the role of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) in EGFR-associated metastasis of HNSCC remains unclear. In this study, we reveal that RBPs, specifically nucleolin (NCL) and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNPA2B1), correlated with the mesenchymal phenotype of HNSCC. The depletion of RBPs significantly attenuated EGF-induced HNSCC metastasis. Intriguingly, the EGF-induced EMT markers, such as fibronectin, were regulated by RBPs through the ERK and NF-κB pathway, followed by the enhancement of mRNA stability of fibronectin through the 5' untranslated region (5'-UTR) of the gene. The upregulation of fibronectin triggered the integrin signaling activation to enhance tumor cells' attachment to endothelial cells and increase endothelial permeability. In addition, the concurrence of EGFR and RBPs or EGFR and fibronectin was associated with overall survival and disease-free survival of HNSCC. The in vivo study showed that depletion of NCL, hnRNPA2B1, and fibronectin significantly inhibited EGF-promoted extravasation of tumor cells into lung tissues. The depletion of fibronectin or treatment with integrin inhibitors dramatically attenuated EGF-induced HNSCC metastatic nodules in the lung. Our data suggest that the RBPs/fibronectin axis is essential for EGF-induced tumor-endothelial cell interactions to enhance HNSCC cell metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiunn-Min Shieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ting-Wei Chang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jing-He Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Song-Ping Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Lu Kao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Liang-Yi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Jui Yen
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yun-Ju Chen
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Chang Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ben-Kuen Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
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Assoni G, La Pietra V, Digilio R, Ciani C, Licata NV, Micaelli M, Facen E, Tomaszewska W, Cerofolini L, Pérez-Ràfols A, Varela Rey M, Fragai M, Woodhoo A, Marinelli L, Arosio D, Bonomo I, Provenzani A, Seneci P. HuR-targeted agents: An insight into medicinal chemistry, biophysical, computational studies and pharmacological effects on cancer models. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 181:114088. [PMID: 34942276 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Human antigen R (HuR) protein is an RNA-binding protein, ubiquitously expressed in human tissues, that orchestrates target RNA maturation and processing both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. A survey of known modulators of the RNA-HuR interactions is followed by a description of its structure and molecular mechanism of action - RRM domains, interactions with RNA, dimerization, binding modes with naturally occurring and synthetic HuR inhibitors. Then, the review focuses on HuR as a validated molecular target in oncology and briefly describes its role in inflammation. Namely, we show ample evidence for the involvement of HuR in the hallmarks and enabling characteristics of cancer, reporting findings from in vitro and in vivo studies; and we provide abundant experimental proofs of a beneficial role for the inhibition of HuR-mRNA interactions through silencing (CRISPR, siRNA) or pharmacological inhibition (small molecule HuR inhibitors).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Assoni
- Chemistry Department, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, I-20133 Milan, Italy; Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Valeria La Pietra
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosangela Digilio
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Caterina Ciani
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Nausicaa Valentina Licata
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Micaelli
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Elisa Facen
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Weronika Tomaszewska
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Linda Cerofolini
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence and Interuniversity Consortium for Magnetic Resonance of Metalloproteins (CIRMMP), Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Anna Pérez-Ràfols
- Giotto Biotech S.R.L., Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Marta Varela Rey
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marco Fragai
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence and Interuniversity Consortium for Magnetic Resonance of Metalloproteins (CIRMMP), Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Ashwin Woodhoo
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Functional Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Galician Agency of Innovation (GAIN), Xunta de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
| | - Luciana Marinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniela Arosio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "G. Natta" (SCITEC), National Research Council (CNR), Via C. Golgi 19, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Isabelle Bonomo
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Alessandro Provenzani
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy.
| | - Pierfausto Seneci
- Chemistry Department, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
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Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Head and Neck Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239246. [PMID: 33287464 PMCID: PMC7731111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a potent enzyme that converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins (PG), including PGE2, a key mediator of inflammation and angiogenesis. Importantly, COX-2 is activated in response to inflammatory stimuli, where it is also believed to promote the development and progression of head and neck cancers (HNC). COX-2 can mediate its protumorigenic effect through various mechanisms, such as inducing cell proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, and suppressing the host’s immune response. Furthermore, COX-2 can induce the production of vascular endothelial growth factors, hence, promoting angiogenesis. Indeed, the ability of COX-2 inhibitors to selectively restrict the proliferation of tumor cells and mediating apoptosis provides promising therapeutic targets for cancer patients. Thus, in this comprehensive review, we summarized the reported differential expression patterns of COX-2 in different stages of head and neck carcinogenesis—from potentially premalignant lesions to invasive carcinomas. Furthermore, we examined the available meta-analysis evidence for COX-2 role in the carcinogenesis of HNC. Finally, further understanding of the biological processes of COX-2 and its role in orchestrating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis may give therapeutically beneficial insight to develop the management plan of HNC patients and improve their clinical outcomes.
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4
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Weiße J, Rosemann J, Krauspe V, Kappler M, Eckert AW, Haemmerle M, Gutschner T. RNA-Binding Proteins as Regulators of Migration, Invasion and Metastasis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6835. [PMID: 32957697 PMCID: PMC7555251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly 7.5% of all human protein-coding genes have been assigned to the class of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), and over the past decade, RBPs have been increasingly recognized as important regulators of molecular and cellular homeostasis. RBPs regulate the post-transcriptional processing of their target RNAs, i.e., alternative splicing, polyadenylation, stability and turnover, localization, or translation as well as editing and chemical modification, thereby tuning gene expression programs of diverse cellular processes such as cell survival and malignant spread. Importantly, metastases are the major cause of cancer-associated deaths in general, and particularly in oral cancers, which account for 2% of the global cancer mortality. However, the roles and architecture of RBPs and RBP-controlled expression networks during the diverse steps of the metastatic cascade are only incompletely understood. In this review, we will offer a brief overview about RBPs and their general contribution to post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Subsequently, we will highlight selected examples of RBPs that have been shown to play a role in oral cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Last but not least, we will present targeting strategies that have been developed to interfere with the function of some of these RBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Weiße
- Junior Research Group ‘RNA Biology and Pathogenesis’, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; (J.W.); (J.R.); (V.K.)
| | - Julia Rosemann
- Junior Research Group ‘RNA Biology and Pathogenesis’, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; (J.W.); (J.R.); (V.K.)
| | - Vanessa Krauspe
- Junior Research Group ‘RNA Biology and Pathogenesis’, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; (J.W.); (J.R.); (V.K.)
| | - Matthias Kappler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Alexander W. Eckert
- Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, 90471 Nuremberg, Germany;
| | - Monika Haemmerle
- Institute of Pathology, Section for Experimental Pathology, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany;
| | - Tony Gutschner
- Junior Research Group ‘RNA Biology and Pathogenesis’, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; (J.W.); (J.R.); (V.K.)
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Soni S, Anand P, Padwad YS. MAPKAPK2: the master regulator of RNA-binding proteins modulates transcript stability and tumor progression. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:121. [PMID: 30850014 PMCID: PMC6408796 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1115-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) pathway has been implicated in a variety of pathological conditions including inflammation and metastasis. Post-transcriptional regulation of genes harboring adenine/uridine-rich elements (AREs) in their 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) is controlled by MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAPK2 or MK2), a downstream substrate of the p38MAPK. In response to diverse extracellular stimuli, MK2 influences crucial signaling events, regulates inflammatory cytokines, transcript stability and critical cellular processes. Expression of genes involved in these vital cellular cascades is controlled by subtle interactions in underlying molecular networks and post-transcriptional gene regulation that determines transcript fate in association with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Several RBPs associate with the 3'-UTRs of the target transcripts and regulate their expression via modulation of transcript stability. Although MK2 regulates important cellular phenomenon, yet its biological significance in tumor progression has not been well elucidated till date. In this review, we have highlighted in detail the importance of MK2 as the master regulator of RBPs and its role in the regulation of transcript stability, tumor progression, as well as the possibility of use of MK2 as a therapeutic target in tumor management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Soni
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Food and Nutraceuticals Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prince Anand
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Food and Nutraceuticals Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yogendra S Padwad
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Food and Nutraceuticals Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Significance of immunohistochemical overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 in overall and disease-free survival of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2019; 132:1102-1109. [PMID: 30674365 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215118002207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In Pakistan, oral cancer ranks as the most common malignancy in males and the second most common malignancy in females. Cyclooxygenase-2 has been explored as an agent of carcinogenesis in oral and other neoplasms. This study aimed to observe the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma, and to correlate the expression with patients' clinical features and overall and disease-free survival. METHODS Immunohistochemistry for cyclooxygenase-2 was performed on a total of 100 oral squamous cell carcinoma formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks. Expression was correlated with patients' clinicopathological variables and overall and disease-free survival. RESULTS Cyclooxygenase-2 was overexpressed in 55 per cent of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Overexpression was correlated with overall survival (p = 0.013) and disease-free survival (p = 0.001) on univariate analysis. However, on multivariate analysis, cyclooxygenase-2 was associated with only disease-free survival (p = 0.044) and not overall survival (p = 0.208). CONCLUSION Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 is associated with poorer overall survival and higher rates of recurrence in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.
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7
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Human antigen R and drug resistance in tumors. Invest New Drugs 2019; 37:1107-1116. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-00723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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8
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Multiple functions of HuR in urinary tumors. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 145:11-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2778-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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9
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Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in head and neck cancer: A meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:47265-47277. [PMID: 27323811 PMCID: PMC5216940 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have assessed the clinicopathological and prognostic value of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC), but their results remain controversial. To address this issue, a meta-analysis was carried out. A total of 29 studies involving 2430 patients were subjected to final analysis. Our results indicated that COX-2 expression was not statistically associated with advanced tumor stage (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.98–1.55) but correlated with high risk of lymph node metastasis (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.03–1.60) and advanced TNM stage (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.06–1.66). Moreover, COX-2 expression had significant effect on poor OS (HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.29–2.90), RFS (HR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.00–4.08) and DFS (HR, 5.14; 95% CI, 2.84–9.31). The results of subgroup analyses revealed that COX-2 expression was related with high possibility of lymph node metastasis in oral cancer (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.01–2.20) and advanced TNM stage in oral cancer (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.05–2.37) and no site-specific HNC (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.02–2.62). However, subgroup analyses only showed a tendency without statistically significant association between COX-2 expression and survival. Significant heterogeneity was not found when analyzing clinicopathological data, but it appeared when considering survival data. No publication bias was detected in this study. This meta-analysis suggested that COX-2 expression could act as a prognostic factor for patients with HNC.
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Clinical Significance and Biological Role of HuR in Head and Neck Carcinomas. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:4020937. [PMID: 29619127 PMCID: PMC5829322 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4020937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Hu-antigen R (HuR) is a posttranscriptional regulator of several target mRNAs, implicated in carcinogenesis. This review aims to present the current evidence regarding the biological role and potential clinical significance of HuR in head and neck carcinomas. Methods The existing literature concerning HuR expression and function in head and neck carcinomas is critically presented and summarised. Results HuR is expressed in the majority of the examined samples, showing higher cytoplasmic levels in malignant or premalignant cases. Moreover, HuR modulates several genes implicated in biological processes important for malignant transformation, growth, and invasiveness. HuR seems to be an adverse prognosticator in patients with OSCCs, whereas a correlation with a more aggressive phenotype is reported in several types of carcinomas. Conclusions A consistent role of HuR in the carcinogenesis and progression of head and neck carcinomas is suggested; nevertheless, further studies are warranted to expand the present information.
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Gonzaga AKG, de Oliveira PT, da Silveira ÉJD, Queiroz LMG, de Medeiros AMC. Diclofenac sodium gel therapy as an alternative to actinic cheilitis. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:1319-1325. [PMID: 28986686 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Actinic cheilitis (AC) is a potentially malignant lesion caused by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light. The aim of this research was to analyze the efficacy of diclofenac sodium 3% gel in the treatment of this condition, through clinical follow-up. METHODS Thirty-one patients diagnosed with AC were instructed to perform a topical application of the gel three times a day for a period of 90 days. In each visit, a digital photography was obtained for verified progress and response to treatment. Two researchers evaluated all images after treatment was completed and assigned the following scores regarding clinical aspect of the lip: 1, complete improvement; 2, partial improvement; 3, no changes; 4, worsening of the clinical condition. In addition, the patients' tolerability to the drug and their satisfaction after treatment were evaluated. RESULTS Twelve cases abandoned the treatment for reasons unrelated to the study. Ten participants showed total remission of all clinical features of the lesion and three had partial improvement of the characteristics. One participant presented worsening of clinical condition, and in five cases, treatment was discontinued due to development of mild adverse effects at the site of gel application. Regarding satisfaction analyses and tolerability to the drug, from 14 patients who completed treatment without adverse effects or complications, most agreed fully that they were satisfied with the therapy (n = 11) and that the drug was not irritating to the mouth (n = 9). Patients are being monitored without clinical signs of recurrence and/or progression of the lesions. CONCLUSION Topical application of the drug has provided a convenient and well tolerated in most cases. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Diclofenac sodium gel (3%) may be a promising alternative for treatment of actinic cheilitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Katarinny Goes Gonzaga
- Postgraduate Program in Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil. .,Department of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 1787, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, CEP 59056-000, Brazil.
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Xu X, Song C, Chen Z, Yu C, Wang Y, Tang Y, Luo J. Downregulation of HuR Inhibits the Progression of Esophageal Cancer through Interleukin-18. Cancer Res Treat 2017; 50:71-87. [PMID: 28231690 PMCID: PMC5784622 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2017.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of human antigen R (HuR) downregulation and the potential target genes of HuR on the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Materials and Methods In this study, a proteomics assay was used to detect the expression of proteins after HuR downregulation, and a luciferase assay was used to detect the potential presence of a HuR binding site on the 3’-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of interleukin 18 (IL-18). In addition, colony formation assay, MTT, EdU incorporation assay, Western blot, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, transwell invasion assay, and wound healing assay were used. Results In the present study, we found that the expression of both HuR protein and mRNA levels were higher in tumor tissues than in the adjacent tissues. HuR downregulation significantly suppressed cell proliferation. In addition, the metastasis of esophageal cancer cells was inhibited, while the expression of E-cadherin was increased and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2, MMP9, and vimentin was decreased after HuR knockdown. Moreover, silencing of HuR disturbed the cell cycle of ESCC cells mainly by inducing G1 arrest. Furthermore, proteomics analysis showed that downregulation of HuR in TE-1 cells resulted in 100 upregulated and 122 downregulated proteins, including IL-18 as a significantly upregulated protein. The expression of IL-18 was inversely regulated by HuR. IL-18 expression was decreased in ESCC tissues, and exogenous IL-18 significantly inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of ESCC cells. The 3'-UTR of IL-18 harbored a HuR binding site, as shown by an in vitro luciferase assay. Conclusion HuR plays an important role in the progression of esophageal carcinoma by targeting IL-18, which may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Taicang City, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cheng Song
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Central Hospital of Zaozhuang Mining Group, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Taicang City, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chenxiao Yu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Taicang City, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yiting Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Changzhou Cancer Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Judong Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Changzhou Cancer Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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Giaginis C, Alexandrou P, Delladetsima I, Karavokyros I, Danas E, Giagini A, Patsouris E, Theocharis S. Clinical Significance of Hu-Antigen Receptor (HuR) and Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Expression in Human Malignant and Benign Thyroid Lesions. Pathol Oncol Res 2016; 22:189-96. [PMID: 26498465 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-015-9997-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Hu-antigen R (HuR) is considered to play a crucial role in tumor formation and growth by binding to mRNAs encoding proteins such as Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducing their expression via mRNA stabilization and/or altered translation. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of HuR and COX-2 proteins’ expression in human benign and malignant thyroid lesions. HuR and COX-2 proteins’ expression was assessed immunohistochemically on paraffin-embedded thyroid tissues obtained from 98 patients with benign (n = 48) and malignant (n = 50) lesions and was statistically analyzed with clinicopathological parameters, follicular cells’ proliferative capacity and recurrence risk rate. Enhanced HuR and COX-2 expression was significantly more frequently observed in malignant compared to benign thyroid lesions (p = 0.0073 and p = 0.0016, respectively), as well as in papillary carcinomas compared to hyperplastic nodules (p = 0.0039 and p = 0.0009, respectively). Positive associations of both HuR and COX-2 expression with follicular cells’ proliferation rate were also noted (p = 0.0087 and p = 0.0127, respectively). In malignant thyroid lesions, elevated COX-2 expression was significantly associated with female patients’ gender (p = 0.0381) and the presence of lymph node metastases (p = 0.0296). The present data support evidence that both HuR and COX-2 may be involved in the malignant state of thyroid neoplasia and may be utilized in the diagnosis of malignant thyroid tumors.
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Jimbo M, Blanco FF, Huang YH, Telonis AG, Screnci BA, Cosma GL, Alexeev V, Gonye GE, Yeo CJ, Sawicki JA, Winter JM, Brody JR. Targeting the mRNA-binding protein HuR impairs malignant characteristics of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:27312-31. [PMID: 26314962 PMCID: PMC4694992 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional regulation is a powerful mediator of gene expression, and can rapidly alter the expression of numerous transcripts involved in tumorigenesis. We have previously shown that the mRNA-binding protein HuR (ELAVL1) is elevated in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) specimens compared to normal pancreatic tissues, and its cytoplasmic localization is associated with increased tumor stage. To gain a better insight into HuR’s role in PDA biology and to assess it as a candidate therapeutic target, we altered HuR expression in PDA cell lines and characterized the resulting phenotype in preclinical models. HuR silencing by short hairpin and small interfering RNAs significantly decreased cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth, as well as impaired migration and invasion. In comparison, HuR overexpression increased migration and invasion, but had no significant effects on cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth. Importantly, two distinct targeted approaches to HuR silencing showed marked impairment in tumor growth in mouse xenografts. NanoString nCounter® analyses demonstrated that HuR regulates core biological processes, highlighting that HuR inhibition likely thwarts PDA viability through post-transcriptional regulation of diverse signaling pathways (e.g. cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA repair). Taken together, our study suggests that targeted inhibition of HuR may be a novel, promising approach to the treatment of PDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Jimbo
- Department of Surgery and The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fernando F Blanco
- Department of Surgery and The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yu-Hung Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aristeidis G Telonis
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brad A Screnci
- Department of Surgery and The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gabriela L Cosma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vitali Alexeev
- Department of Dermatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Charles J Yeo
- Department of Surgery and The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Jordan M Winter
- Department of Surgery and The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan R Brody
- Department of Surgery and The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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15
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Guo YM, Sun MX, Li J, Liu TT, Huang HZ, Chen JR, Liu WS, Feng QS, Chen LZ, Bei JX, Zeng YX. Association of CELF2 polymorphism and the prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in southern Chinese population. Oncotarget 2016; 6:27176-86. [PMID: 26314850 PMCID: PMC4694981 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignancy with high metastatic potential and loco-regional recurrence. The overall survival of NPC has been limited from further improvement partly due to the lack of effective biomarker for accurate prognosis prediction and precise treatments. Here, in light of the implication of CELF gene family in cancer prognosis, we selected 112 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in six members of the family and tested their associations with the clinical outcomes in a discovery cohort of 717 NPC patients. Survival analyses under multivariate cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan–Meier curve revealed five promising SNPs, which were further validated in another independent sample of 1,520 cases. Combined analysis revealed that SNP rs3740194 in CELF2 was significantly associated with the decreased risk of death with a Hazard ratio (HR) of 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.58–0.82, codominant model). Moreover, rs3740194 also showed a significant association with superior metastasis-free survival (HR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.57–0.83, codominant model). Taken together, our findings suggested that genetic variant of rs3740194 in CELF2 gene might be a valuable predictor for NPC prognosis, and potentially useful in the personalized treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Miao Guo
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Xia Sun
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Tong-Tong Liu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hang-Zhen Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jie-Rong Chen
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Sheng Liu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Sheng Feng
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Li-Zhen Chen
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Xin Bei
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
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16
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Leijon H, Salmenkivi K, Heiskanen I, Hagström J, Louhimo J, Heikkilä P, Ristimäki A, Paavonen T, Metso S, Mäenpää H, Haglund C, Arola J. HuR in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas - overexpression in verified malignant tumors. APMIS 2016; 124:757-63. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Leijon
- Department of Pathology; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Kaisa Salmenkivi
- Department of Pathology; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Ilkka Heiskanen
- Department of Surgery; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Jaana Hagström
- Department of Pathology; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
- Department of Oral Pathology; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Johanna Louhimo
- Department of Surgery; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Päivi Heikkilä
- Department of Pathology; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Ari Ristimäki
- Department of Pathology; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
- Genome-Scale Biology; Research Programs Unit; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Timo Paavonen
- Department of Pathology; Fimlab Laboratories; Tampere University Hospital; Tampere Finland
- School of Medicine; University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
| | - Saara Metso
- Department of Internal Medicine; Tampere University Hospital; Tampere Finland
- School of Medicine; University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
| | - Hanna Mäenpää
- Department of Oncology; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Caj Haglund
- Department of Surgery; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
- Translational Cancer Biology; Research Programs Unit; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Johanna Arola
- Department of Pathology; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
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17
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Kotta-Loizou I, Giaginis C, Theocharis S. Clinical significance of HuR expression in human malignancy. Med Oncol 2014; 31:161. [PMID: 25112469 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hu-antigen R (HuR) is an RNA-binding protein that regulates the stability, translation, and nucleus-to-cytoplasm translocation of target mRNAs. The aim of the present review was to summarize and present the currently available information in the English literature on HuR expression in various human tumors, verifying its possible clinical significance. HuR function is directly linked to its subcellular localization. In normal cells, HuR is mostly localized in the nucleus, while in malignant cells, an increase in cytoplasmic HuR levels has been noted, in both cell lines and tissue samples. Moreover, in malignancy, elevated HuR expression levels and cytoplasmic immunohistochemical pattern have been correlated with advanced clinicopathological parameters and altered expression levels of proteins implicated in neoplasia. Additionally, elevated HuR expression levels and mainly cytoplasmic immunohistochemical pattern were correlated with decreased patients' survival rate in various human tumors. HuR is a putative drug target for cancer therapy, since it is expressed ubiquitously in malignant clinical samples and has an apparently consistent role in tumor formation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioly Kotta-Loizou
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
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18
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Abnormal COX2 protein expression may be correlated with poor prognosis in oral cancer: a meta-analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:364207. [PMID: 25028647 PMCID: PMC4083775 DOI: 10.1155/2014/364207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background. The prognostic significance of COX2 for survival of patients with oral cancer remains controversial. Thus, the meta-analysis was performed in order to identify COX2 expression impact on prognosis of oral cancer. Method. Relevant literatures were searched using the following electronic databases without any language restrictions: Web of Science, the Cochrane Library Database, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and CBM. Version 12.0 STATA software (Stata Corporation, College Station, Texas, USA) was used for the current meta-analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with their corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were also calculated to clarify the correlation between COX2 expression and prognosis of oral cancer. Results. Final analysis of 979 oral cancer patients from 12 clinical cohort studies was performed. The meta-analysis results show that COX2 expression in cancer tissues was significantly higher than those in normal and benign tissues (all P < 0.05). Combined HR of COX2 suggests that positive COX2 expression has a shorter overall survival (OS) than those of negative COX2 expression (P < 0.05). Conclusion. The meta-analysis study shows that elevated COX2 expression may be associated with the pathogenesis of oral cancer and with a worse prognosis in oral cancer patients.
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19
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Cha JD, Kim HK, Cha IH. Cytoplasmic HuR expression: correlation with cellular inhibitors of apoptosis protein-2 expression and clinicopathologic factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Head Neck 2014; 36:1168-75. [PMID: 23852810 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HuR expression has been noted in several cancer types, in which it may contribute to increased expression of cellular inhibitors of apoptosis protein-2 (cIAP2) observed during tumorigenesis. METHODS To assess the correlation between cIAP2 and HuR in cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the expression patterns of HuR and cIAP2 were assessed by immunohistochemical analyses of 95 treated OSCC samples. RESULTS In the tumor tissues, positive cytoplasmic HuR expression was evident in 71.6% of samples and positive cIAP2 expression was noted in 95.8% of samples. Positive cytoplasmic HuR expression was significantly associated with positive cIAP2 (p < .035) and high cIAP2 expression (p < .007), as well as high grade (p < .050). The inhibition of HuR expression by small interfering RNA or leptomycin B caused a reduction in the inducibility of cIAP2 in oral cancer cells. CONCLUSION Cytoplasmic expression of HuR is associated with cIAP2 expression in OSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Dan Cha
- Department of Research Development, Institute of Jinan Red Ginseng, Jinan-gun, South Korea
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20
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Zhang C, Xue G, Bi J, Geng M, Chu H, Guan Y, Wang J, Wang B. Cytoplasmic expression of the ELAV-like protein HuR as a potential prognostic marker in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:73-80. [PMID: 23873103 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most frequent cancers and a leading cause of death from cancer in China. The human ELAV-like protein HuR has been found to contribute to cancer development and progression through stabilizing a group of cellular mRNAs of cancer-related genes. In this study, we investigated the expression of HuR in a cohort of ESCC patients using immunohistochemical staining. HuR detected in the cytoplasm of cancer cells was positive in 46.6% of 58 ESCC specimens; 75.9% of these specimens had nuclear immunoreactivity for HuR. Cytoplasmic HuR expression was higher in cancer tissues compared to 20 matched adjacent noncancerous tissues. A clinicopathological study showed that cytoplasmic HuR expression was positively associated with lymph node metastasis, depth of tumor invasion, and advanced stage, whereas nuclear HuR expression was not correlated with any clinicopathological factors. Patients positive for cytoplasmic HuR expression had a cumulative 5-year survival rate of 25.3%, whereas it was 43.8% for patients negative for cytoplasmic HuR expression. In a multivariate analysis, cytoplasmic HuR expression was an independent prognostic factor, whereas nuclear positivity for HuR was not. Our results indicate that high cytoplasmic HuR expression is associated with positive lymph node metastasis, deep tumor invasion, high stage, and poor survival in ESCC. Thus, HuR is the first mRNA stability protein whose expression is associated with poor survival in esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital, Jinan Command of the People's Liberation Army, Shifan Street 25, Tianqiao District, Jinan, 250031, China
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21
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Wang J, Guo Y, Chu H, Guan Y, Bi J, Wang B. Multiple functions of the RNA-binding protein HuR in cancer progression, treatment responses and prognosis. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:10015-41. [PMID: 23665903 PMCID: PMC3676826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140510015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The human embryonic lethal abnormal vision-like protein, HuR, is a member of the Hu family of RNA-binding proteins. Over the past decade, this ubiquitously expressed protein has been extensively investigated in cancer research because it is involved in the regulation of mRNA stability and translation in many cell types. HuR activity and function is associated with its subcellular distribution, transcriptional regulation, translational and post-translational modifications. HuR regulation of target mRNAs is based on the interaction between the three specific domains of HuR protein and one or several U- or AU-rich elements (AREs) in the untranslated region of target mRNAs. A number of cancer-related transcripts containing AREs, including mRNAs for proto-oncogenes, cytokines, growth factors, and invasion factors, have been characterized as HuR targets. It has been proposed that HuR has a central tumorigenic activity by enabling multiple cancer phenotypes. In this review, we comprehensively survey the existing evidence with regard to the diverse functions of HuR in caner development and progression. The current data also suggest that HuR might be a novel and promising therapeutic target and a marker for treatment response and prognostic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital, Jinan Command of the People’s Liberation Army, Jinan 250031, China; E-Mails: (H.C.); (Y.G.); (J.B.); (B.W.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-531-5166-5336; Fax: +86-531-5166-6649
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Outpatient, Military Command of Shandong Province, Jinan 250013, China; E-Mail:
| | - Huili Chu
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital, Jinan Command of the People’s Liberation Army, Jinan 250031, China; E-Mails: (H.C.); (Y.G.); (J.B.); (B.W.)
| | - Yaping Guan
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital, Jinan Command of the People’s Liberation Army, Jinan 250031, China; E-Mails: (H.C.); (Y.G.); (J.B.); (B.W.)
| | - Jingwang Bi
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital, Jinan Command of the People’s Liberation Army, Jinan 250031, China; E-Mails: (H.C.); (Y.G.); (J.B.); (B.W.)
| | - Baocheng Wang
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital, Jinan Command of the People’s Liberation Army, Jinan 250031, China; E-Mails: (H.C.); (Y.G.); (J.B.); (B.W.)
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22
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Hwang YS, Park KK, Chung WY. Kalopanaxsaponin A inhibits the invasion of human oral squamous cell carcinoma by reducing metalloproteinase-9 mRNA stability and protein trafficking. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:289-300. [PMID: 22382313 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.35.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An inability to control cancer cell invasion and metastasis is the leading cause of death in patients with cancer. The present study was performed to determine the anti-invasive effect of Kalopanaxsaponin A (KPS-A) on matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)-meidated invasion in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells and a murine xenograft model of human OSCC. KPS-A, isolated from Kalopanax pictus, inhibited PMA-induced proliferation and invasion as well as PMA-induced MMP-9 expression and secretion at non-cytotoxic doses. KPS-A treatment reduced the stability of PMA-induced MMP-9 mRNA and inhibited the PMA-induced cytoplasmic translocation of HuR. In PMA-treated cells, KPS-A treatment resulted in the intracellular accumulation of MMP-9 and suppressed Ras-associated binding 1A (Rab1A) expression. KPS-A treatment suppressed PMA-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and Akt. Furthermore, the oral administration of KPS-A led to substantial inhibition of tumor growth and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), HuR, and Rab1A in the tumor tissues of mice inoculated with YD-10B OSCC cells. Collectively, KPS-A inhibits the invasiveness of oral cancer by reducing HuR-mediated MMP-9 mRNA stability and Rab1A-mediated MMP-9 secretion via ERK1/2 and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt. Therefore, KPS-A is a promising anti-invasive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sun Hwang
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Palanisamy V, Jakymiw A, Van Tubergen EA, D'Silva NJ, Kirkwood KL. Control of cytokine mRNA expression by RNA-binding proteins and microRNAs. J Dent Res 2012; 91:651-8. [PMID: 22302144 DOI: 10.1177/0022034512437372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are critical mediators of inflammation and host defenses. Regulation of cytokines can occur at various stages of gene expression, including transcription, mRNA export, and post- transcriptional and translational levels. Among these modes of regulation, post-transcriptional regulation has been shown to play a vital role in controlling the expression of cytokines by modulating mRNA stability. The stability of cytokine mRNAs, including TNFα, IL-6, and IL-8, has been reported to be altered by the presence of AU-rich elements (AREs) located in the 3'-untranslated regions (3'UTRs) of the mRNAs. Numerous RNA-binding proteins and microRNAs bind to these 3'UTRs to regulate the stability and/or translation of the mRNAs. Thus, this paper describes the cooperative function between RNA-binding proteins and miRNAs and how they regulate AU-rich elements containing cytokine mRNA stability/degradation and translation. These mRNA control mechanisms can potentially influence inflammation as it relates to oral biology, including periodontal diseases and oral pharyngeal cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Palanisamy
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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24
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Kim KY, Cha IH. A novel algorithm for lymph node status prediction of oral cancer before surgery. Oral Oncol 2011; 47:1069-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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25
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Kim KY, Li S, Cha JD, Zhang X, Cha IH. Significance of molecular markers in survival prediction of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2011; 34:929-36. [PMID: 22128038 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An accurate system for predicting the survival of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) will be useful for deciding appropriate therapies. The prediction accuracy of prediction models can be improved by using molecular biomarkers. We constructed a nomogram for predicting the survival of patients with OSCC using clinical variables and molecular markers. METHODS Protein 53 (p53), insulin-like growth factor II mRNA-binding protein 3 (IMP3), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), and HuR were localized immunohistochemistry in 96 patients with primary OSCC who underwent surgical resection between January 1994 and June 2003 at the Yonsei Dental Hospital in Seoul, Korea. RESULTS On univariate and multivariate analysis, the expression of IMP3 was significantly associated with the risk of death. P53 was also significantly associated with survival of OSCC in the case of negative IMP3 and the prediction accuracy was improved by including these 2 factors in the prediction model. CONCLUSION Survival in OSCC can be predicted more accurately by using biomarkers. The constructed nomogram predicted survival after treatment for an individual patient with OSCC, and it can be practically used as a tool to help decide which adjuvant treatment is most appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Yeol Kim
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
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26
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Mohd Bakri M, Mohd Hussaini H, Rachel Holmes A, David Cannon R, Mary Rich A. Revisiting the association between candidal infection and carcinoma, particularly oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Microbiol 2010; 2. [PMID: 21523221 PMCID: PMC3084579 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v2i0.5780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tobacco and alcohol are risk factors associated with cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract, but increasingly the role of infection and chronic inflammation is recognized as being significant in cancer development. Bacteria, particularly Helicobacter pylori, and viruses such as members of the human papilloma virus family and hepatitis B and C are strongly implicated as etiological factors in certain cancers. There is less evidence for an association between fungi and cancer, although it has been recognized for many years that white patches on the oral mucosa, which are infected with Candida, have a greater likelihood of undergoing malignant transformation than those that are not infected. Objective This article reviews the association between the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma in potentially malignant oral lesions with chronic candidal infection and describes mechanisms that may be involved in Candida-associated malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Mohd Bakri
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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