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Oyejobi GK, Yan X, Sliz P, Wang L. Regulating Protein-RNA Interactions: Advances in Targeting the LIN28/Let-7 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3585. [PMID: 38612395 PMCID: PMC11011352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Originally discovered in C. elegans, LIN28 is an evolutionarily conserved zinc finger RNA-binding protein (RBP) that post-transcriptionally regulates genes involved in developmental timing, stem cell programming, and oncogenesis. LIN28 acts via two distinct mechanisms. It blocks the biogenesis of the lethal-7 (let-7) microRNA (miRNA) family, and also directly binds messenger RNA (mRNA) targets, such as IGF-2 mRNA, and alters downstream splicing and translation events. This review focuses on the molecular mechanism of LIN28 repression of let-7 and current strategies to overcome this blockade for the purpose of cancer therapy. We highlight the value of the LIN28/let-7 pathway as a drug target, as multiple oncogenic proteins that the pathway regulates are considered undruggable due to their inaccessible cellular location and lack of cavities for small molecule binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greater Kayode Oyejobi
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (G.K.O.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaodan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (G.K.O.); (X.Y.)
| | - Piotr Sliz
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Longfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (G.K.O.); (X.Y.)
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2
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Li G, Wakao S, Kitada M, Dezawa M. Tumor suppressor let-7 acts as a key regulator for pluripotency gene expression in Muse cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:54. [PMID: 38261036 PMCID: PMC10805825 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
In embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), the expression of an RNA-binding pluripotency-relevant protein, LIN28, and the absence of its antagonist, the tumor-suppressor microRNA (miRNA) let-7, play a key role in maintaining pluripotency. Muse cells are non-tumorigenic pluripotent-like stem cells residing in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and organ connective tissues as pluripotent surface marker SSEA-3(+). They express pluripotency genes, differentiate into triploblastic-lineage cells, and self-renew at the single cell level. Muse cells do not express LIN28 but do express let-7 at higher levels than in iPSCs. In Muse cells, we demonstrated that let-7 inhibited the PI3K-AKT pathway, leading to sustainable expression of the key pluripotency regulator KLF4 as well as its downstream genes, POU5F1, SOX2, and NANOG. Let-7 also suppressed proliferation and glycolysis by inhibiting the PI3K-AKT pathway, suggesting its involvement in non-tumorigenicity. Furthermore, the MEK/ERK pathway is not controlled by let-7 and may have a pivotal role in maintaining self-renewal and suppression of senescence. The system found in Muse cells, in which the tumor suppressor let-7, but not LIN28, tunes the expression of pluripotency genes, might be a rational cell system conferring both pluripotency-like properties and a low risk for tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Shohei Wakao
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kitada
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
- Department of Anatomy, Kansai Medical University School of Medicine, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan.
| | - Mari Dezawa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
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3
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Wu X, Shi M, Chen Y, Lian Y, Fang S, Zhang H. Effect and Mechanism of LIN28 on Ferroptosis in Mg 2+-free Rat Hippocampal Neuron Model of Epilepsy. Neurochem Res 2024:10.1007/s11064-024-04101-3. [PMID: 38217758 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that LIN28 is expressed in the CNS and may exert protective effects on neurons. However, it remains unknown whether LIN28 regulates ferroptosis in the context of epilepsy. In this study, we established an epilepsy model by culturing hippocampal neurons from rats in a magnesium-free (Mg2+-free) medium. In Mg2+-depleted conditions, hippocampal neurons exhibited reduced LIN28 expression, heightened miR-142-5p expression, decreased glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity and expression, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), resulting in a significant decline in cell viability and an increase in ferroptosis. Conversely, overexpression of LIN28 reversed these trends in the mentioned indices. Altogether, this study reveals that LIN28 may exert neuroprotective effects by inhibiting the miR-142-5p expression and suppressing ferroptosis in hippocampal neurons induced by Mg2+-free via increasing GPX4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Mengmeng Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yajun Lian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Shaokuan Fang
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
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Sekar MD, Pradeep I, Srinivas BH, Toi PC, Govindarajan K, Kayal S. Primary Pediatric Yolk Sac Tumor of Liver With Lung Metastasis: An Unusual Presentation With Diagnosis Aided by LIN28 Immunohistochemistry. Int J Surg Pathol 2023; 31:1618-1625. [PMID: 37013352 DOI: 10.1177/10668969231157777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Yolk sac tumor is a malignant germ cell tumor, which typically occurs in the gonads with elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Among extragonadal sites, the liver is an uncommon location for primary pediatric yolk sac tumors. Other common hepatic tumors in this age group presenting with elevated serum AFP like hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma must be differentiated from yolk sac tumors for initiating appropriate treatment and accurate prognostication. Lung metastasis with refractoriness to chemotherapy is an extraordinary presentation that has never been documented in the literature. We report our experience with a 2-year-old female child initially misdiagnosed as hepatoblastoma. It was found that LIN28 positivity by immunohistochemistry aided in confirmation of the histopathological diagnosis of primary yolk sac tumor of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithraa Devi Sekar
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Immanuel Pradeep
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, A.I.I.M.S., Bibinagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - Bheemanathi Hanuman Srinivas
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Pampa Ch Toi
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Krishnakumar Govindarajan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Smita Kayal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
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5
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Suzuki K, Kwon SJ, Saito D, Atsuta Y. LIN28 is essential for the maintenance of chicken primordial germ cells. Cells Dev 2023; 176:203874. [PMID: 37453484 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of stem cell maintenance underlies the establishment of long-term and mass culture methods for stem cells that are fundamental for clinical and agricultural applications. In this study, we use chicken primordial germ cell (PGC) as a model to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying stem cell maintenance. The PGC is a useful experimental model because it is readily gene-manipulatable and easy to test gene function in vivo using transplantation. Previous studies to establish a long-term culture system have shown that secreted factors such as FGF2 are required to maintain the self-renewal capability of PGC. On the other hand, we know little about intracellular regulators responsible for PGC maintenance. Among representative stem cell factors, we focus on RNA-binding factors LIN28A and LIN28B as possible central regulators for the gene regulatory network essential to PGC maintenance. By taking advantage of the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing and a clonal culture technique, we find that both LIN28A and LIN28B regulate the proliferation of PGC in vitro. We further showed that colonization efficiency of grafted PGC at the genital ridges, rudiments for the gonads, of chicken embryos were significantly decreased by knockout (KO) of LIN28A or LIN28B. Of note, overexpression of human LIN28 in LIN28-KO PGC was sufficient to restore the low colonization rates, suggesting that LIN28 plays a key role in PGC colonization at the gonads. Transcriptomic analyses of LIN28-KO PGC reveal that several genes related to mesenchymal traits are upregulated, including EGR1, a transcription factor that promotes the differentiation of mesodermal tissues. Finally, we show that the forced expression of human EGR1 deteriorates replication activity and colonization efficiency of PGCs. Taken together, this work demonstrates that LIN28 maintains self-renewal of PGC by suppressing the expression of differentiation genes including EGR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Suzuki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Seung June Kwon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Daisuke Saito
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuji Atsuta
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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6
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Lee DW, Shin S, Kim JH, Lee C, Kim IY, Oh IH. Antisense Oligonucleotides against Let-7 Enhance the Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108639. [PMID: 37239986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Let-7 miRNAs have pleiotropic cellular functions in cell proliferation, migration, and regenerative processes. Here, we investigate whether the inhibition of let-7 miRNAs with antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) can be a transient and safe strategy enhancing the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to overcome their limitations in cell therapeutic trials. We first identified major subfamilies of let-7 miRNAs preferentially expressed in MSCs, and efficient ASO combinations against these selected subfamilies that mimic the effects of LIN28 activation. When let-7 miRNAs were inhibited with an ASO combination (anti-let7-ASOs), MSCs exhibited higher proliferation with delayed senescence during the passaging into a culture. They also exhibited increased migration and enhanced osteogenic differentiation potential. However, these changes in MSCs were not accompanied by cell-fate changes into pericytes or the additional acquisition of stemness, but instead occurred as functional changes accompanied by changes in proteomics. Interestingly, MSCs with let-7 inhibition exhibited metabolic reprogramming characterized by an enhanced glycolytic pathway, decreased reactive oxygen species, and lower transmembrane potential in mitochondria. Moreover, let-7-inhibited MSCs promoted the self-renewal of neighboring hematopoietic progenitor cells, and enhanced capillary formation in endothelial cells. These findings together show that our optimized ASO combination efficiently reprograms the MSC functional state, allowing for more efficient MSC cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Won Lee
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center & Department of Medical Life Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Shin
- Chemical & Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Kim
- Regen Innopharm Inc., Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolju Lee
- Chemical & Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - In Yong Kim
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center & Department of Medical Life Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Hoan Oh
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center & Department of Medical Life Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Regen Innopharm Inc., Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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7
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Huang Y, Liu P, Luo J, Zhu C, Lu C, Zhao N, Zhao W, Cui W, Yang X. Par6 Enhances Glioma Invasion by Activating MEK/ERK Pathway Through a LIN28/let-7d Positive Feedback Loop. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1626-1644. [PMID: 36542194 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03171-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The invasion of glioblastoma usually results in the recurrence and poor prognosis in patients with glioma. However, the underlying mechanisms involved in glioma invasion remains undefined. In this study, immunohistochemistry analyses of glioma specimens demonstrated that high expression of Par6 was positively correlated with malignancy and poor prognosis of patients with glioma. Par6-overexpressing glioma cells showed much more fibroblast-like morphology, suggesting that regulation of Par6 expression might be associated with tumor invasion in glioma cells. Further study indicated that Par6 overexpression subsequently increased CD44 and N-cadherin expression to enhance glioma invasion through activating MEK/ERK/STAT3 pathway, in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, we found that LIN28/let-7d axis was involved in this process via a positive feedback loop, suggesting that MEK/ERK/LIN28/let-7d/STAT3 cascade might be essential for Par6-mediated glioma invasion. Therefore, these data highlight the roles of Par6 in glioma invasion, and Par6 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for patients with glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Juanjuan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Chenchen Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Chunjiao Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Life Science and Biopharmaceutical of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weijiang Zhao
- Cell Biology Department, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Life Science and Biopharmaceutical of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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8
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von Eyben FE, Kristiansen K, Kapp DS, Hu R, Preda O, Nogales FF. Epigenetic Regulation of Driver Genes in Testicular Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044148. [PMID: 36835562 PMCID: PMC9966837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In testicular germ cell tumor type II (TGCT), a seminoma subtype expresses an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) panel with four upregulated genes, OCT4/POU5F1, SOX17, KLF4, and MYC, and embryonal carcinoma (EC) has four upregulated genes, OCT4/POU5F1, SOX2, LIN28, and NANOG. The EC panel can reprogram cells into iPSC, and both iPSC and EC can differentiate into teratoma. This review summarizes the literature on epigenetic regulation of the genes. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as methylations of cytosines on the DNA string and methylations and acetylations of histone 3 lysines, regulate expression of these driver genes between the TGCT subtypes. In TGCT, the driver genes contribute to well-known clinical characteristics and the driver genes are also important for aggressive subtypes of many other malignancies. In conclusion, epigenetic regulation of the driver genes are important for TGCT and for oncology in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn E. von Eyben
- Center for Tobacco Control Research, Birkevej 17, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-66145862
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, August Krogh Building Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- BGI-Research, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
- Institute of Metagenomics, Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 166555, China
| | - Daniel S. Kapp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Ovidiu Preda
- Department of Pathology, San Cecilio University Hospital, 18071 Granada, CP, Spain
| | - Francisco F. Nogales
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University Granada, 18071 Granada, CP, Spain
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9
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Zhang Y, Hao XL, Jia SF, Wen YZ, Wang YH. Efficient genetic engineering of murine cochlear organoids. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 16:530-537. [PMID: 35305076 DOI: 10.1002/term.3298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Organoid culture is a popular model to study gene function as the easy manipulating and time saving compared with in vivo experiments. This is widely used in auditory system for studying supporting cells (SCs) or hair cells (HCs) as only very few SCs or HCs can be harvested in both human and murine cochlea. However, the use of organoids is still a challenge due to the low efficiency in genetic modification. Here we took Lin28b as an example and compared Lin28b gain-of-function (GOF) and loss-of-function (LOF) with different genetic engineering methods and found that TetOn induced GOF or LOF was more efficient compared with lipofection or lentiviral transduction in the experimental conditions we used. Cell apoptosis in TetOn induction system was lowest compared with the other methods in this study. Our study is the first to compare the efficiency of different genetic engineering techniques in cochlear organoid culture, which may also apply to organoids established with other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tai Yuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiu-Li Hao
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tai Yuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shi-Fang Jia
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tai Yuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan-Zhen Wen
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tai Yuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ying-Hui Wang
- Institute of Inspection, School of Medicine, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
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10
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Chen JY, Chen YJ, Liu L, Jin XX, Shen Z, Chen WB, Yang T, Xu SB, Wang GB, Cheng YN, Cheng DZ, Liu ZG, Zheng XH. C1632 suppresses the migration and proliferation of non-small-cell lung cancer cells involving LIN28 and FGFR1 pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 26:422-435. [PMID: 34913237 PMCID: PMC8743659 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance and migration represent major obstacles in the therapy of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which accounts for approximately 85% of lung cancer patients in clinic. In the present study, we report that the compound C1632 is preferentially distributed in the lung after oral administration in vivo with high bioavailability and limited inhibitory effects on CYP450 isoenzymes. We found that C1632 could simultaneously inhibit the expression of LIN28 and block FGFR1 signalling transduction in NSCLC A549 and A549R cells, resulting in significant decreases in the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐9. Consequently, C1632 effectively inhibited the migration and invasion of A549 and A549R cells. Meanwhile, C1632 significantly suppressed the cell viability and the colony formation of A549 and A549R cells by inhibiting DNA replication and inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Interestingly, compared with A549 cells, C1632 possesses the same or even better anti‐migration and anti‐proliferation effects on A549R cells, regardless of drug resistance. In addition, C1632 also displayed the capacity to inhibit the growth of A549R xenograft tumours in mice. Altogether, these findings reveal the potential of C1632 as a promising anti‐NSCLC agent, especially for chemotherapy‐resistant NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Jing Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang-Xiang Jin
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhe Shen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Bin Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Teng Yang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Si-Bei Xu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang-Bao Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Nuo Cheng
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - De-Zhi Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Liu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zheng
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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11
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Abstract
SALL4 is a zinc finger transcription factor that belongs to the spalt-like (SALL) gene family. It plays important roles in the maintenance of self-renewal and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells, and its expression is repressed in most adult organs. SALL4 re-expression has been observed in different types of human cancers, and dysregulation of SALL4 contributes to the pathogenesis, metastasis, and even drug resistance of multiple cancer types. Surprisingly, little is known regarding how SALL4 expression is controlled, but recently microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of SALL4. Due to the ability of regulating targets differentially in specific tissues, and recent advances in systemic and organ specific miRNA delivery mechanisms, miRNAs have emerged as promising therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the interaction between SALL4 and miRNAs in mammalian development and cancer, paying particular attention to the emerging roles of the Let-7/Lin28 axis. In addition, we discuss the therapeutic prospects of targeting SALL4 using miRNA-based strategies, with a focus on the Let-7/LIN28 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.L.); (M.A.S.); (J.Y.)
| | - Madeline A. Sauer
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.L.); (M.A.S.); (J.Y.)
| | | | - Junyu Yang
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.L.); (M.A.S.); (J.Y.)
| | - Daniel G. Tenen
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Li Chai
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.L.); (M.A.S.); (J.Y.)
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12
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Sun Z, Yu H, Zhao J, Tan T, Pan H, Zhu Y, Chen L, Zhang C, Zhang L, Lei A, Xu Y, Bi X, Huang X, Gao B, Wang L, Correia C, Chen M, Sun Q, Feng Y, Shen L, Wu H, Wang J, Shen X, Daley GQ, Li H, Zhang J. LIN28 coordinately promotes nucleolar/ribosomal functions and represses the 2C-like transcriptional program in pluripotent stem cells. Protein Cell 2021; 13:490-512. [PMID: 34331666 PMCID: PMC9226220 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-021-00864-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
LIN28 is an RNA binding protein with important roles in early embryo development, stem cell differentiation/reprogramming, tumorigenesis and metabolism. Previous studies have focused mainly on its role in the cytosol where it interacts with Let-7 microRNA precursors or mRNAs, and few have addressed LIN28's role within the nucleus. Here, we show that LIN28 displays dynamic temporal and spatial expression during murine embryo development. Maternal LIN28 expression drops upon exit from the 2-cell stage, and zygotic LIN28 protein is induced at the forming nucleolus during 4-cell to blastocyst stage development, to become dominantly expressed in the cytosol after implantation. In cultured pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), loss of LIN28 led to nucleolar stress and activation of a 2-cell/4-cell-like transcriptional program characterized by the expression of endogenous retrovirus genes. Mechanistically, LIN28 binds to small nucleolar RNAs and rRNA to maintain nucleolar integrity, and its loss leads to nucleolar phase separation defects, ribosomal stress and activation of P53 which in turn binds to and activates 2C transcription factor Dux. LIN28 also resides in a complex containing the nucleolar factor Nucleolin (NCL) and the transcriptional repressor TRIM28, and LIN28 loss leads to reduced occupancy of the NCL/TRIM28 complex on the Dux and rDNA loci, and thus de-repressed Dux and reduced rRNA expression. Lin28 knockout cells with nucleolar stress are more likely to assume a slowly cycling, translationally inert and anabolically inactive state, which is a part of previously unappreciated 2C-like transcriptional program. These findings elucidate novel roles for nucleolar LIN28 in PSCs, and a new mechanism linking 2C program and nucleolar functions in PSCs and early embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Sun
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences and the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences and the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences and the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tianyu Tan
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences and the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hongru Pan
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences and the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuqing Zhu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences and the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lang Chen
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences and the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences and the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Anhua Lei
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences and the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuyan Xu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences and the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xianju Bi
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Xin Huang
- The Black Family Stem Cell Institute and Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Longfei Wang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cristina Correia
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ming Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiming Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Li Shen
- Institute of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianlong Wang
- The Black Family Stem Cell Institute and Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Xiaohua Shen
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - George Q Daley
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences and the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems and Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Chakritbudsabong W, Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan S, Sariya L, Pamonsupornvichit S, Ferreira JN, Sukho P, Gronsang D, Tharasanit T, Dinnyes A, Rungarunlert S. Exogenous LIN28 Is Required for the Maintenance of Self-Renewal and Pluripotency in Presumptive Porcine-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:709286. [PMID: 34354993 PMCID: PMC8329718 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.709286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine species have been used in preclinical transplantation models for assessing the efficiency and safety of transplants before their application in human trials. Porcine-induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs) are traditionally established using four transcription factors (4TF): OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and C-MYC. However, the inefficiencies in the reprogramming of piPSCs and the maintenance of their self-renewal and pluripotency remain challenges to be resolved. LIN28 was demonstrated to play a vital role in the induction of pluripotency in humans. To investigate whether this factor is similarly required by piPSCs, the effects of adding LIN28 to the 4TF induction method (5F approach) on the efficiency of piPSC reprogramming and maintenance of self-renewal and pluripotency were examined. Using a retroviral vector, porcine fetal fibroblasts were transfected with human OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and C-MYC with or without LIN28. The colony morphology and chromosomal stability of these piPSC lines were examined and their pluripotency properties were characterized by investigating both their expression of pluripotency-associated genes and proteins and in vitro and in vivo differentiation capabilities. Alkaline phosphatase assay revealed the reprogramming efficiencies to be 0.33 and 0.17% for the 4TF and 5TF approaches, respectively, but the maintenance of self-renewal and pluripotency until passage 40 was 6.67 and 100%, respectively. Most of the 4TF-piPSC colonies were flat in shape, showed weak positivity for alkaline phosphatase, and expressed a significantly high level of SSEA-4 protein, except for one cell line (VSMUi001-A) whose properties were similar to those of the 5TF-piPSCs; that is, tightly packed and dome-like in shape, markedly positive for alkaline phosphatase, and expressing endogenous pluripotency genes (pOCT4, pSOX2, pNANOG, and pLIN28), significantly high levels of pluripotent proteins (OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, LIN28, and SSEA-1), and a significantly low level of SSEA-4 protein. VSMUi001-A and all 5F-piPSC lines formed embryoid bodies, underwent spontaneous cardiogenic differentiation with cardiac beating, expressed cardiomyocyte markers, and developed teratomas. In conclusion, in addition to the 4TF, LIN28 is required for the effective induction of piPSCs and the maintenance of their long-term self-renewal and pluripotency toward the development of all germ layers. These piPSCs have the potential applicability for veterinary science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warunya Chakritbudsabong
- Laboratory of Cellular Biomedicine and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Department of Preclinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Somjit Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals (MOZWE), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Ladawan Sariya
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals (MOZWE), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sirikron Pamonsupornvichit
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals (MOZWE), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Joao N Ferreira
- Exocrine Gland Biology and Regeneration Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panithi Sukho
- Laboratory of Cellular Biomedicine and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Dulyatad Gronsang
- Department of Preclinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Theerawat Tharasanit
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Andras Dinnyes
- BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, Hungary.,Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Animal Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary.,College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sasitorn Rungarunlert
- Laboratory of Cellular Biomedicine and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Department of Preclinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Kim SH, Park BO, Kim K, Park BC, Park SG, Kim JH, Kim S. Sjögren Syndrome antigen B regulates LIN28-let-7 axis in Caenorhabditis elegans and human. Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech 2021; 1864:194684. [PMID: 33484878 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2021.194684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
LIN28 protein and let-7 family micro RNAs (miRNAs) that are an evolutionarily conserved from nematodes to humans are the important regulators of developmental timing by dynamically interacting with each other. However, regulators of LIN28 remain largely elusive. Here, we show the evidences that Sjögren Syndrome antigen B (SSB) protein associates and cooperates with LIN28A and LIN28B, mammalian orthologues of Caenorhabditis elegans lin-28, proteins in the nucleus. Knockdown of SSB in HEK293 cell line resulted in the decrease of the amount of LIN28B mRNAs and proteins, and the increase of the level of mature let-7 miRNAs. Furthermore, RNA interference of ssb-1 gene, a worm SSB orthologue, was sufficient to cause a heterochronic defect in seam cells of C. elegans, recapitulating the phenotype of lin-28 downregulation. Collectively, we suggest that SSB is an important regulator for the LIN28-let-7 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Heon Kim
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Biological Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Bi-Oh Park
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Kidae Kim
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Proteome Structural Biology, KRIBB School of Biological Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Chul Park
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Proteome Structural Biology, KRIBB School of Biological Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Goo Park
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Biological Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Hoon Kim
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Biological Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunhong Kim
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Biological Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Shi H, Xie J, Wang K, Li W, Yin L, Wang G, Wu Z, Ni J, Mao W, Guo C, Peng B. LINC01451 drives epithelial-mesenchymal transition and progression in bladder cancer cells via LIN28/TGF-β/Smad pathway. Cell Signal 2021; 81:109932. [PMID: 33516780 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.109932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of bladder cancer (BLCa) is still unclear. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in diverse biological processes across every branch of life, especially in cancer. Dysregulated lncRNAs in BLCa and their biological significance require further investigations. METHODS Herein, a differential expression profile of lncRNAs in BLCa was conducted by microarray data. The expression level of lncRNA LINC01451 in 70 pairs of BLCa tissue samples and different BLCa cell lines were analyzed via real-time quantitative PCR. The CRISPR-CAS9 technique was employed to establish the LINC01451 stably transfected cell lines. Loss-of-function, as well as gain-of-function assays were carried out to evaluate the effects of LINC01451 on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models were adopted in the in vivo experiments. Western blot, biotinylated RNA probe pull-down assay, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry were utilized to assess the underlying molecular mechanisms of LINC01451 in BLCa. RESULTS LINC01451 was identified a novel functional lncRNA, whose expression level in BLCa tissues was significantly higher compared with the normal tissues. Furthermore, it was found that LINC01451 directly docked LIN28A and LIN28B, and promoted the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of BLCa. Mechanistically, LINC0145 was shown to depend on LIN28A and LIN28B, facilitated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through activating the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, which subsequently aggravated BLCa progression. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrates that LINC01451 drives EMT-induced BLCa progression by activating the LIN28/TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Promisingly, LINC01451 acts as a prognostic biomarker and a novel therapeutic target for BLCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Shi
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China; Department of Urology, Nantong Tongzhou People's Hospital, Nantong 226000, China
| | - Jinbo Xie
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Keyi Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Weiyi Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Guangchun Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Zonglin Wu
- Department of Urology, Shidong Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jinliang Ni
- Shanghai Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Weipu Mao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Changcheng Guo
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
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16
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Chen H, Sa G, Li L, He S, Wu T. In vitro and in vivo synergistic anti-tumor effect of LIN28 inhibitor and metformin in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 891:173757. [PMID: 33249080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cell therapy is becoming a focal point for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). They can be regulated by tumor glucose metabolism, whereas the regulation is not fully investigated in OSCC. Herein, we studied the synergistic anti-tumor effect of a LIN28 inhibitor C1632 and hypoglycemic medication metformin in OSCC. In this study, OSCC cell lines SCC9 and CAL27 were treated with C1632 and metformin respectively or synergistically. First, western blotting was performed to detect the expression level of LIN28 and its downstream molecule HMGA2. Second, MTT assay was conducted to assess cell proliferation. Next, wound healing assay and transwell assay were applied to evaluate cell migration. Then, xenograft mouse experiment was done to explore anti-tumor effect in vivo. Finally, western blotting was used to investigate the pharmacological mechanisms of the synergistic effect oft he two medication. Results showed that LIN28 and HMGA2 expression decreased significantly in SCC9 and CAL27 cells under 240 μM C1632 treatment for 72 h. These effects were synergized under combined treatment for 24 h. Cell proliferation ability and migration ability of both cell lines decreased significantly under respective and combined treatment. In xenograft mouse experiment, tumor weights decreased by 48% under 40 mg/kg/3d C1632 treatment, 53% under 250 mg/kg/d metformin treatment and 91% under combined treatment for 18 days. Tumor volumes decreased by 32%, 57% and 47% under C1632, metformin and combined treatment respectively. These results indicated that C1632 and metformin exerts synergistic anti-tumor effects in OSCC cell lines SCC9 and CAL27, and also inhibits xenograft tumor growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Guoliang Sa
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079, Wuhan, PR China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Sangang He
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079, Wuhan, PR China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, PR China.
| | - Tianfu Wu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079, Wuhan, PR China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, PR China.
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17
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Raghuram N, Khan S, Mumal I, Bouffet E, Huang A. Embryonal tumors with multi-layered rosettes: a disease of dysregulated miRNAs. J Neurooncol 2020; 150:63-73. [PMID: 33090313 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03633-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION ETMRs are highly lethal, pediatric embryonal brain tumors, previously classified as various histologic diagnoses including supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors (sPNET) and CNS PNET. With recognition that these tumors harbor recurrent amplification of a novel oncogenic miRNA cluster on chr19, C19MC, ETMRs were designated as a distinct biological and molecular entity with a spectrum of histologic and clinical manifestations. METHODS We reviewed published literature describing clinical presentation, the genetic and epigenetic drivers of oncogenesis, and recent therapeutic strategies adopted to combat these aggressive tumors. RESULTS As a consequence of C19MC amplification, ETMRs upregulate several oncogenic and pluripotency proteins, including LIN28A, DNMT3B and MYCN, that confer a unique epigenetic signature reminiscent of nascent embryonic stem cells. In this review, we focus on the dysregulation of miRNAs in ETMR, the major pathogenic mechanism identified in this disease. CONCLUSION Despite the use of multi-modal therapeutic regimens, ETMR patients have dismal survival. Understanding the unique biology of these tumors has provided new insights towards novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Raghuram
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Sara Khan
- Monash Children's Cancer Centre, Monash Children's Hospital. Monash Health. Center for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and Department of Molecular and Translational Science, School of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G0A4, Canada
| | - Iqra Mumal
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G0A4, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Eric Bouffet
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Annie Huang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G1X8, Canada. .,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G0A4, Canada. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada.
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18
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Weiße J, Rosemann J, Krauspe V, Kappler M, Eckert AW, Haemmerle M, Gutschner T. RNA-Binding Proteins as Regulators of Migration, Invasion and Metastasis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6835. [PMID: 32957697 PMCID: PMC7555251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly 7.5% of all human protein-coding genes have been assigned to the class of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), and over the past decade, RBPs have been increasingly recognized as important regulators of molecular and cellular homeostasis. RBPs regulate the post-transcriptional processing of their target RNAs, i.e., alternative splicing, polyadenylation, stability and turnover, localization, or translation as well as editing and chemical modification, thereby tuning gene expression programs of diverse cellular processes such as cell survival and malignant spread. Importantly, metastases are the major cause of cancer-associated deaths in general, and particularly in oral cancers, which account for 2% of the global cancer mortality. However, the roles and architecture of RBPs and RBP-controlled expression networks during the diverse steps of the metastatic cascade are only incompletely understood. In this review, we will offer a brief overview about RBPs and their general contribution to post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Subsequently, we will highlight selected examples of RBPs that have been shown to play a role in oral cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Last but not least, we will present targeting strategies that have been developed to interfere with the function of some of these RBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Weiße
- Junior Research Group ‘RNA Biology and Pathogenesis’, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; (J.W.); (J.R.); (V.K.)
| | - Julia Rosemann
- Junior Research Group ‘RNA Biology and Pathogenesis’, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; (J.W.); (J.R.); (V.K.)
| | - Vanessa Krauspe
- Junior Research Group ‘RNA Biology and Pathogenesis’, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; (J.W.); (J.R.); (V.K.)
| | - Matthias Kappler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Alexander W. Eckert
- Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, 90471 Nuremberg, Germany;
| | - Monika Haemmerle
- Institute of Pathology, Section for Experimental Pathology, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany;
| | - Tony Gutschner
- Junior Research Group ‘RNA Biology and Pathogenesis’, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; (J.W.); (J.R.); (V.K.)
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19
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Li XJ, Doetzlhofer A. LIN28B/ let-7 control the ability of neonatal murine auditory supporting cells to generate hair cells through mTOR signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:22225-36. [PMID: 32826333 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2000417117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechano-sensory hair cells within the inner ear cochlea are essential for the detection of sound. In mammals, cochlear hair cells are only produced during development and their loss, due to disease or trauma, is a leading cause of deafness. In the immature cochlea, prior to the onset of hearing, hair cell loss stimulates neighboring supporting cells to act as hair cell progenitors and produce new hair cells. However, for reasons unknown, such regenerative capacity (plasticity) is lost once supporting cells undergo maturation. Here, we demonstrate that the RNA binding protein LIN28B plays an important role in the production of hair cells by supporting cells and provide evidence that the developmental drop in supporting cell plasticity in the mammalian cochlea is, at least in part, a product of declining LIN28B-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity. Employing murine cochlear organoid and explant cultures to model mitotic and nonmitotic mechanisms of hair cell generation, we show that loss of LIN28B function, due to its conditional deletion, or due to overexpression of the antagonistic miRNA let-7g, suppressed Akt-mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) activity and renders young, immature supporting cells incapable of generating hair cells. Conversely, we found that LIN28B overexpression increased Akt-mTORC1 activity and allowed supporting cells that were undergoing maturation to de-differentiate into progenitor-like cells and to produce hair cells via mitotic and nonmitotic mechanisms. Finally, using the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin, we demonstrate that LIN28B promotes supporting cell plasticity in an mTORC1-dependent manner.
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20
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Levine A, Hukin J, Dunham C. Pontine Embryonal Tumor With Multilayered Rosettes: An Autopsy Case Exhibiting Extensive Posttreatment Glial and Neuronal Maturation. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2020; 23:326-331. [PMID: 32282273 DOI: 10.1177/1093526620912645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes (ETMR) is a rare and highly aggressive embryonal central nervous system tumor that primarily affects young children. It is characterized by (1) amplification of the C19MC miRNA cluster at 19q13.42 and (2) immunohistochemical tumor cell positivity for LIN28A. We describe the case of a 3-year-old girl who presented with a 2-week history of multiple neurological deficits. Based primarily on imaging findings that revealed a large pontine tumor, biopsy was not performed and the patient was clinically diagnosed with a "diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma." She was subsequently treated with radiation and concurrent adjuvant temozolomide, but unfortunately there was minimal response and the patient died 6 months after diagnosis. Autopsy revealed an ETMR that was confirmed via C19MC fluorescence in situ hybridization and LIN28 immunohistochemistry. Although widespread central nervous system dissemination was observed, large portions of the main pontine mass exhibited evidence of extensive glial and neuronal maturation (ie, differentiation). We consider this tissue "maturation" to have been induced by chemotherapy and radiation. Herein, we discuss the importance of antemortem biopsy of intrinsic pontine tumors and the clinical significance of glial and neuronal maturation post therapy in the context of ETMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Levine
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children and Women's Health Centre of BC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Juliette Hukin
- Divisions of Neurology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children and Women's Health Centre of BC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher Dunham
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children and Women's Health Centre of BC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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21
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Ding W, Wang Y, Cheng Y, Chen X, Chen W, Zuo P, Chen W, Qiao Z, Fan X. Lin28 is associated with astrocytic proliferation during intracerebral hemorrhage. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2020; 13:1136-1145. [PMID: 32509088 PMCID: PMC7270688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As an evolutionarily conserved RNA-binding protein, LIN28 is known to be involved in the regulation of the translation and stability of a large number of mRNAs and the biogenesis of certain miRNAs. Increasing evidence indicates that LIN28 regulates many cellular processes, such as embryonic stem cell proliferation, cell fate succession, developmental timing, and oncogenesis. However, the expression and function of LIN28 after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are still unclear. In this study, we performed an intracranial hemorrhage model in adult rats and western blot, immunohistochemistry, as well as immunofluorescence showed that LIN28 was obviously up-regulation in neurons adjacent to the hematoma after ICH. Besides, the transitory increase of LIN28 expression was paralleled with the up-regulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) as well as GFAP. Hence, LIN28 might play an important role in astrocyte proliferation after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensen Ding
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Haian Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantong 226600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaqin Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiguan Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Zuo
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weihai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Suzhou Ninth People’s Hospital, Affiliated Wujiang Hospital of Nantong UniversitySuzhou 215200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenguo Qiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suzhou Ninth People’s Hospital, Affiliated Wujiang Hospital of Nantong UniversitySuzhou 215200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingjuan Fan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
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22
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Yu C, Wang L, Rowe RG, Han A, Ji W, McMahon C, Baier AS, Huang YC, Marion W, Pearson DS, Kruse AC, Daley GQ, Wu H, Sliz P. A nanobody targeting the LIN28:let-7 interaction fragment of TUT4 blocks uridylation of let-7. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:4653-63. [PMID: 32060122 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1919409117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Terminal uridylyltransferases are writers of poly(U) tails in diverse RNA uridylation pathways. In the let-7 pathway, the LIN28:pre-let-7:TUTase ribonucleoprotein complex regulates the processing and maturation of the let-7 microRNA, and plays an important role in both physiology and disease. The presence of redundant TUTase orthologs and the diverse pathways poses challenges to revealing the molecular mechanisms of TUTases. We developed a precise tool to identify nanobodies that inhibited the LIN28:pre-let-7:TUTase interaction. The nanobody Nb-S2A4 specifically interacted with the LIN28:let-7 interaction fragment in TUT4, which is critical for oligouridylation and monouridylation of let-7. Our data illustrate that the nanobody tool is effective in distinguishing functions among protein orthologs and diverse pathways. The LIN28:pre-let-7:TUTase ternary complex regulates pluripotency and oncogenesis by controlling processing of the let-7 family of microRNAs. The complex oligouridylates the 3′ ends of pre-let-7 molecules, leading to their degradation via the DIS3L2 exonuclease. Previous studies suggest that components of this complex are potential therapeutic targets in malignancies that aberrantly express LIN28. In this study we developed a functional epitope selection approach to identify nanobody inhibitors of the LIN28:pre-let-7:TUT4 complex. We demonstrate that one of the identified nanobodies, Nb-S2A4, targets the 106-residue LIN28:let-7 interaction (LLI) fragment of TUT4. Nb-S2A4 can effectively inhibit oligouridylation and monouridylation of pre-let-7g in vitro. Expressing Nb-S2A4 allows maturation of the let-7 species in cells expressing LIN28, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting the LLI fragment.
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23
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Parisi S, Piscitelli S, Passaro F, Russo T. HMGA Proteins in Stemness and Differentiation of Embryonic and Adult Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21010362. [PMID: 31935816 PMCID: PMC6981681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
HMGA1 and HMGA2 are chromatin architectural proteins that do not have transcriptional activity per se, but are able to modify chromatin structure by interacting with the transcriptional machinery and thus negatively or positively regulate the transcription of several genes. They have been extensively studied in cancer where they are often found to be overexpressed but their functions under physiologic conditions have still not been completely addressed. Hmga1 and Hmga2 are expressed during the early stages of mouse development, whereas they are not detectable in most adult tissues. Hmga overexpression or knockout studies in mouse have pointed to a key function in the development of the embryo and of various tissues. HMGA proteins are expressed in embryonic stem cells and in some adult stem cells and numerous experimental data have indicated that they play a fundamental role in the maintenance of stemness and in the regulation of differentiation. In this review, we discuss available experimental data on HMGA1 and HMGA2 functions in governing embryonic and adult stem cell fate. Moreover, based on the available evidence, we will aim to outline how HMGA expression is regulated in different contexts and how these two proteins contribute to the regulation of gene expression and chromatin architecture in stem cells.
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24
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Zhou X, Nair GG, Russ HA, Belair CD, Li ML, Shveygert M, Hebrok M, Blelloch R. LIN28B Impairs the Transition of hESC-Derived β Cells from the Juvenile to Adult State. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 14:9-20. [PMID: 31883920 PMCID: PMC6962644 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into pancreatic β cells holds great promise for the treatment of diabetes. Recent advances have led to the production of glucose-responsive insulin-secreting cells in vitro, but resulting cells remain less mature than their adult primary β cell counterparts. The barrier(s) to in vitro β cell maturation are unclear. Here, we evaluated a potential role for microRNAs. MicroRNA profiling showed high expression of let-7 family microRNAs in vivo, but not in in vitro differentiated β cells. Reduced levels of let-7 in vitro were associated with increased levels of the RNA binding protein LIN28B, a negative regulator of let-7 biogenesis. Ablation of LIN28B during human embryonic stem cell (hESC) differentiation toward β cells led to a more mature glucose-stimulated insulin secretion profile and the suppression of juvenile-specific genes. However, let-7 overexpression had little effect. These results uncover LIN28B as a modulator of β cell maturation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Gopika G Nair
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Holger A Russ
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Cassandra D Belair
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mei-Lan Li
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mayya Shveygert
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Robert Blelloch
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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25
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Wang L, Su Y, Huang C, Yin Y, Chu A, Knupp A, Tang Y. NANOG and LIN28 dramatically improve human cell reprogramming by modulating LIN41 and canonical WNT activities. Biol Open 2019; 8:8/12/bio047225. [PMID: 31806618 PMCID: PMC6918770 DOI: 10.1242/bio.047225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cell reprogramming remains extremely inefficient and the underlying mechanisms by different reprogramming factors are elusive. We found that NANOG and LIN28 (NL) synergize to improve OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and MYC (OSKM)-mediated reprogramming by ∼76-fold and shorten reprogramming latency by at least 1 week. This synergy is inhibited by GLIS1 but reinforced by an inhibitor of the histone methyltransferase DOT1L (iDOT1L) to a ∼127-fold increase in TRA-1-60-positive (+) iPSC colonies. Mechanistically, NL serve as the main drivers of reprogramming in cell epithelialization, the expression of Let-7 miRNA target LIN41, and the activation of canonical WNT/β-CATENIN signaling, which can be further enhanced by iDOT1L treatment. LIN41 overexpression in addition to OSKM similarly promoted cell epithelialization and WNT activation in reprogramming, and a dominant-negative LIN41 mutation significantly blocked NL- and iDOT1L-enhanced reprogramming. We also found that NL- and iDOT1L-induced canonical WNT activation facilitates the initial development kinetics of iPSCs. However, a substantial increase in more mature, homogeneous TRA-1-60+ colony formation was achieved by inhibiting WNT activity at the middle-to-late-reprogramming stage. We further found that LIN41 can replace LIN28 to synergize with NANOG, and that the coexpression of LIN41 with NL further enhanced the formation of mature iPSCs under WNT inhibition. Our study established LIN41 and canonical WNT signaling as the key downstream effectors of NL for the dramatic improvement in reprogramming efficiency and kinetics, and optimized a condition for the robust formation of mature human iPSC colonies from primary cells.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yue Su
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Chang Huang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yexuan Yin
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Alexander Chu
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Alec Knupp
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Young Tang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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26
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Wang L, Rowe RG, Jaimes A, Yu C, Nam Y, Pearson DS, Zhang J, Xie X, Marion W, Heffron GJ, Daley GQ, Sliz P. Small-Molecule Inhibitors Disrupt let-7 Oligouridylation and Release the Selective Blockade of let-7 Processing by LIN28. Cell Rep 2019; 23:3091-3101. [PMID: 29874593 PMCID: PMC6511231 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
LIN28 is an RNA-binding protein that regulates the maturation of the let-7 family of microRNAs by bipartite interactions with let-7 precursors through its two distinct cold shock and zinc-knuckle domains. Through inhibition of let-7 biogenesis, LIN28 functions as a pluripotency factor, as well as a driver of tumorigenesis. Here, we report a fluorescence polarization assay to identify small-molecule inhibitors for both domains of LIN28 involved in let-7 interactions. Of 101,017 compounds screened, six inhibit LIN28:let-7 binding and impair LIN28-mediated let-7 oligouridylation. Upon further characterization, we demonstrate that the LIN28 inhibitor TPEN destabilizes the zinc-knuckle domain of LIN28, while LI71 binds the cold shock domain to suppress LIN28's activity against let-7 in leukemia cells and embryonic stem cells. Our results demonstrate selective pharmacologic inhibition of individual domains of LIN28 and provide a foundation for therapeutic inhibition of the let-7 biogenesis pathway in LIN28-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Wang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Grant Rowe
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adriana Jaimes
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chunxiao Yu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yunsun Nam
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jin Zhang
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiangyu Xie
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William Marion
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory J Heffron
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George Q Daley
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Piotr Sliz
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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27
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Artyuhov AS, Dashinimaev EB, Mescheryakova NV, Ashikhmina AA, Vorotelyak EA, Vasiliev AV. Detection of small numbers of iPSCs in different heterogeneous cell mixtures with highly sensitive droplet digital PCR. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:6675-6683. [PMID: 31578676 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05100-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) are a prospective resource for regenerative biomedicine. iPS cells can differentiate into any type of stem, progenitor and somatic cells to help replace structures within damaged organs or tissues. However, iPS cells themselves, can produce malignant tumors if they are injected into the body of an immunocompatible or immunodeficient recipient. Thus, it is necessary to detect any residual iPS cells content in biomedical cell products obtained from iPS cells and destined for transplantation. In this article we describe searches for iPS cells in heterogeneous cell mixtures, using two different methods-quantitative RT-PCR and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). In experiments with various heterogeneous mixtures, including mixtures with neural stem cells, we found that the OCT4, TDGF1 and LIN28 genes are the best markers for such a search, and droplet digital PCR provides the greatest measurement accuracy, which is 0.002%. Thus, we have confirmed the advantage of using droplet digital PCR in the search for pluripotent stem cells in heterogeneous cell mixtures. We hope that this data can be useful for biosafety control in regenerative biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Artyuhov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov str. 1, Moscow, Russia, 117997. .,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia, 141701.
| | - E B Dashinimaev
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov str. 1, Moscow, Russia, 117997.,Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova str. 26, Moscow, Russia, 119334
| | | | - A A Ashikhmina
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov str. 1, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - E A Vorotelyak
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov str. 1, Moscow, Russia, 117997.,Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova str. 26, Moscow, Russia, 119334.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - A V Vasiliev
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov str. 1, Moscow, Russia, 117997.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, Russia, 119991
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28
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Teshigawara R, Hirano K, Nagata S, Huang D, Tada T. Visualization of sequential conversion of human intermediately reprogrammed stem cells into iPS cells. Genes Cells 2019; 24:667-673. [PMID: 31386786 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of gene expression in single cells is required to understand somatic cell reprogramming into human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). To facilitate this, we established intermediately reprogrammed stem cells (iRSCs), pre-iPSC lines. The iRSC-iPSC conversion system enables the reproducible monitoring of reprogramming events and the analysis of progressive gene expression profiles using single-cell microarray analysis and genome editing. Here, single-cell microarray analysis showed the stage-specific sequential gene activation during the conversion of iRSCs into iPSCs, using OCT4, TDGF1 and E-CADHERIN as marker genes. Out of 75 OCT4-related genes, which were significantly up-regulated after the activation of OCT4, and entry into the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), LIN28 (LIN28A) and FOXO1 were selected for applying to gene expression visualization. Multicolored visualization was achieved by the genome editing of LIN28 or FOXO1 with mCherry into OCT4-GFP iRSCs. Fluorescent analysis of gene activity in individual cells showed that OCT4 was dispensable for maintenance, but required for activation, of the LIN28 and FOXO1 expression in reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Teshigawara
- Laboratory of Developmental Epigenome, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kunio Hirano
- Laboratory of Developmental Epigenome, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shogo Nagata
- Laboratory of Developmental Epigenome, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Denggao Huang
- Laboratory of Developmental Epigenome, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Tada
- Laboratory of Developmental Epigenome, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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29
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Lawson H, Vuong E, Miller RM, Kiontke K, Fitch DH, Portman DS. The Makorin lep-2 and the lncRNA lep-5 regulate lin-28 to schedule sexual maturation of the C. elegans nervous system. eLife 2019; 8:43660. [PMID: 31264582 PMCID: PMC6606027 DOI: 10.7554/elife.43660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual maturation must occur on a controlled developmental schedule. In mammals, Makorin3 (MKRN3) and the miRNA regulators LIN28A/B are key regulators of this process, but how they act is unclear. In C. elegans, sexual maturation of the nervous system includes the functional remodeling of postmitotic neurons and the onset of adult-specific behaviors. Here, we find that the lin-28–let-7 axis (the ‘heterochronic pathway’) determines the timing of these events. Upstream of lin-28, the Makorin lep-2 and the lncRNA lep-5 regulate maturation cell-autonomously, indicating that distributed clocks, not a central timer, coordinate sexual differentiation of the C. elegans nervous system. Overexpression of human MKRN3 delays aspects of C. elegans sexual maturation, suggesting the conservation of Makorin function. These studies reveal roles for a Makorin and a lncRNA in timing of sexual differentiation; moreover, they demonstrate deep conservation of the lin-28–let-7 system in controlling the functional maturation of the nervous system. Most animals develop from juveniles, which cannot reproduce, to sexually mature adults. The most obvious signs of this transition are changes in body shape and size. However, changes also take place in the brain that enable the animals to adapt their behavior to the demands of adulthood. For example, fully fed adult male roundworms will leave a food source to search for mates, whereas juvenile males will continue feeding. The transition to sexual maturity needs to be carefully timed. Too early, and the animal risks compromising key stages of development. Too late, and the animal may be less competitive in the quest for reproductive success. Cues in the environment, such as the presence of food and mates, interact with timing mechanisms in the brain to trigger sexual maturity. But how these mechanisms work – in particular where and how an animal keeps track of its developmental stage – is not well understood. In the roundworm species Caenorhabditis elegans, waves of gene activity, known collectively as the heterochronic pathway, determine patterns of cell growth as animals mature. Through further studies of these worms, Lawson et al. now show that these waves also control the time at which neural circuits mature. In addition, the waves of activity occur inside the nervous system itself, rather than in a tissue that sends signals to the nervous system. Moreover, they occur independently inside many different neurons. Each neuron thus has its own molecular clock for keeping track of development. Several of the genes critical for developmental timekeeping in worms are also found in mammals, including two genes that help to control when puberty starts in humans. If one of these genes – called MKRN3 – does not work correctly, it can lead to a condition that causes individuals to go through puberty several years earlier than normal. Studying the mechanisms identified in roundworms may help us to better understand this disorder. More generally, future work that builds on the results presented by Lawson et al. will help to reveal how environmental cues and gene activity interact to control when we become adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Lawson
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Edward Vuong
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Renee M Miller
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Karin Kiontke
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, United States
| | - David Ha Fitch
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Douglas S Portman
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States.,Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States.,DelMonte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
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30
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Abstract
In this Perspective, Bharathavikru and Hastie discuss recent studies published by Hunter et al., investigating the molecular mechanisms by which mutations in the gene encoding the RNA degradation component DIS3L2 lead to Perlman syndrome, and Chen et al., who show that microRNA processing gene mutations in Wilms tumor leads to an increase in the levels of transcription factor PLAG1 that in turn activates IGF2 expression. Overgrowth syndromes such as Perlman syndrome and associated pediatric cancers, including Wilms tumor, arise through genetic and, in certain instances, also epigenetic changes. In the case of the Beckwith-Wiedemann overgrowth syndrome and in Wilms tumor, increased levels of IGF2 have been shown to be causally related to the disease manifestation. In the previous issue of Genes & Development, Hunter and colleagues (pp. 903–908) investigated the molecular mechanisms by which mutations in the gene encoding the RNA degradation component DIS3L2 lead to Perlman syndrome. By analyzing nephron progenitor cells derived from their newly created Dis3l2 mutant mouse lines, the investigators showed that DIS3L2 loss of function leads to up-regulation of IGF2 independently of the let7 microRNA pathway. In a second study in this issue of Genes & Development, Chen and colleagues (pp. 996–1007) show that microRNA processing gene mutations in Wilms tumor lead to an increase in the levels of transcription factor pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) that in turn activates IGF2 expression. Thus, augmented IGF2 expression seems to be a common downstream factor in both tissue overgrowth and Wilms tumor through several alternative mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruthrothaselvi Bharathavikru
- Medical Research Council, Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas D Hastie
- Medical Research Council, Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
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31
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Yang Y, Li H, Liu Y, Chi C, Ni J, Lin X. MiR-4319 hinders YAP expression to restrain non-small cell lung cancer growth through regulation of LIN28-mediated RFX5 stability. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108956. [PMID: 31096145 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is demonstrated as one of the most common malignant tumors and accounts for about 25% of cancer-related deaths each year. Extensive bodies of studies have manifested that microRNAs (miRNAs) play pivotal roles in the development of numerous malignant tumors by involving in modulation of cell biological processes. Although miR-4319 has been validated to execute tumor suppressor properties in triple-negative breast cancer, explorations on the function and latent mechanism of miR-4319 participating in NSCLC are still unclear. In this study, we proved that miR-4319 acted as a tumor suppressor in NSCLC progression via restraining cell proliferation and migration as well as boosting apoptosis. Further, miR-4319 bound with LIN28 and negatively regulated the expression of LIN28. Our data unveiled that LIN28 promoted RFX5 mRNA stability and miR-4319 led to the destabilization of RFX5 by targeting LIN28. In addition, RFX5 motivated the transcription of YAP and enhanced expression of YAP abolished the miR-4319 upregulation-mediated suppressive regulation of NSCLC tumorigenesis. In conclusion, miR-4319 dampened YAP expression to mitigate the tumorigenesis of NSCLC through inhibiting LIN28-mediated RFX5 stability, which offered an insight into the molecular mechanism underlying miR-4319 in NSCLC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Clinical Skills Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China
| | - Chuang Chi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China
| | - Jiangwei Ni
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China
| | - Xiaoming Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China.
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32
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Abstract
Human pluripotent stem (PS) cells can be isolated from preimplantation embryos or by reprogramming of somatic cells or germline progenitors. Human PS cells are considered the "holy grail" of regenerative medicine because they have the potential to form all cell types of the adult body. Because of their similarity to humans, nonhuman primate (NHP) PS cells are also important models for studying human biology and disease, as well as for developing therapeutic strategies and test bed for cell replacement therapy. This chapter describes adjusted methods for cultivation of PS cells from different primate species, including African green monkey, rhesus monkey, chimpanzee, and human. Supplementation of E8 medium and inhibitors of the Tankyrase and GSK3 kinases to various primate PS cell media reduce line-dependent predisposition for spontaneous differentiation in conventional PS cell cultures. We provide methods for basic characterization of primate PS cell lines, which include immunostaining for pluripotency markers such as OCT4 and TRA-1-60, as well as in vivo teratoma formation assay. We provide methods for generating alternative PS cells including region-selective primed PS cells, two different versions of naïve-like cells, and recently reported extended pluripotent stem (EPS) cells. These derivations are achieved by acclimation of conventional PS cells to target media, episomal reprogramming of somatic cells, or resetting conventional PS cells to a naïve-like state by overexpression of KLF2 and NANOG. We also provide methods for isolation of PS cells from human blastocysts. We describe how to generate interspecies primate-mouse chimeras at the blastocyst and postimplantation embryo stages. Systematic evaluation of the chimeric competency of human and primate PS cells will aid in efforts to overcome species barriers and achieve higher grade chimerism in postimplantation conceptuses that could enable organ-specific enrichment of human xenogeneic PS cell derivatives in large animals such as pigs and sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masahiro Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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33
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Tan FE, Sathe S, Wheeler EC, Nussbacher JK, Peter S, Yeo GW. A Transcriptome-wide Translational Program Defined by LIN28B Expression Level. Mol Cell 2018; 73:304-313.e3. [PMID: 30527666 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
LIN28 RNA binding proteins are dynamically expressed throughout mammalian development and during disease. However, it remains unclear how changes in LIN28 expression define patterns of post-transcriptional gene regulation. Here we show that LIN28 expression level is a key variable that sets the magnitude of protein translation. By systematically varying LIN28B protein levels in human cells, we discovered a dose-dependent divergence in transcriptome-wide ribosome occupancy that enabled the formation of two discrete translational subpopulations composed of nearly all expressed genes. This bifurcation in gene expression was mediated by a redistribution in Argonaute association, from let-7 to non-let-7 microRNA families, resulting in a global shift in cellular miRNA activity. Post-transcriptional effects were scaled across the physiological LIN28 expression range. Together, these data highlight the central importance of RBP expression level and its ability to encode regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick E Tan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shashank Sathe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emily C Wheeler
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Julia K Nussbacher
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Samson Peter
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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34
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Wu J, Zhao W, Wang Z, Xiang X, Zhang S, Liu L. Long non-coding RNA SNHG20 promotes the tumorigenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma via targeting miR-197/ LIN28 axis. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:680-688. [PMID: 30394668 PMCID: PMC6307847 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) has been verified to participate in the tumour regulation, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Nevertheless, the role of lncRNA SNHG20 on OSCC still remains elusive. Here, we investigate the physiopathologic functions of lncRNA SNHG20 in OSCC tumorigenesis and explore its potential mechanism. LncRNA SNHG20 was up‐regulated in OSCC tissue compared with adjacent non‐tumour tissue. Meanwhile, SNHG20 was overexpressed in cancer stem‐like cells. In vitro and in vivo, loss‐of‐function experiments showed that lncRNA SNHG20 knockdown inhibited proliferative ability, mammosphere‐forming ability, ALDH1 expression, stem factors (LIN28, Nanog, Oct4, SOX2) and tumour growth. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR‐197 targeted the 3′‐untranslated regions of SNHG20 and LIN28 by complementary binding. Validation experiments confirmed the associated functions of SNHG20/miR‐197/LIN28 axis on OSCC proliferation and stemness. In summary, our results reveal the important function of SNHG20/miR‐197/LIN28 axis in the oncogenesis and stemness of OSCC, suggesting the vital role of SNHG20 in OSCC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Department of Orthodontics, The School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Emergency & Department of General, The School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhonghou Wang
- The Department of Stomatology of First Affiliated Hospital of BaoTou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, BaoTou, China.,The College of Stomatology of BaoTou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, BaoTou, China
| | - Xu Xiang
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Hospital of Stomatology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shengchi Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lina Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Hospital of Stomatology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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35
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Zhao M, Sun L, Lai JZ, Shi H, Mei K, He X, Jin X, Lai J, Cao D. Expression of RNA-binding protein LIN28 in classic gastric hepatoid carcinomas, gastric fetal type gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas, and hepatocellular carcinomas: An immunohistochemical study with comparison to SALL4, alpha-fetoprotein, glypican-3, and Hep Par1. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:1707-1712. [PMID: 30196987 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastric hepatoid carcinomas (GHCs) include type I (classic) and type II (fetal type gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma). The classic type shows overlapping morphologic features with those of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study is to investigate expression of LIN28 in GHCs and explore its utility to distinguish classic GHC from HCC. METHODS We investigated immunohistochemical expression of LIN28 in 93 primary GHCs (47 type I, 46 type II) and 60 HCCs with comparison to SALL4, AFP, glypican-3, Hep Par1, p-CEA and CK7. We also stained LIN28 and SALL4 in 52 conventional gastric adenocarcinomas to assess their specificity in gastric carcinomas. RESULTS Classic GHCs and fetal type gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas showed positive LIN28 in 21/47 (45%) and 10/46 (22%), SALL4 in 41/47 (87%) and 36/46 (78%), AFP in 30/46 (65%) and 33/46 (72%), glypican-3 in 31/41 (76%) and 24/38 (63%), Hep Par1 in 27/41 (66%) and 28/37 (76%), and CK7 in 15/40 (38%) and 25/38 (66%), respectively. p-CEA staining was seen in 19/44 (43%) classic GHCs. Among HCCs, LIN28, SALL4, AFP, glypican-3, Hep Par1, p-CEA and CK7 was seen in 1/60 (2%), 0/60 (0%), 6/30 (20%), 23/30 (77%), 29/30 (97%), 28/30 (93%) and 21/30 (70%) cases, respectively. LIN28 and SALL4 staining was seen in 2/52 (4%) and 14/52 (27%) gastric conventional adenocarcinomas, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of distinguishing classic GHCs from HCCs was 45% and 98% for LIN28, 87% and 100% for SALL4, 65% and 80% for AFP, 76% and 30% for glypican-3, 66% and 3% for Hep Par1, 43% and 7% for p-CEA, and 38% and 30% for CK7, respectively. Combining LIN28 and SALL4 increased the sensitivity to 96% with 98% specificity to distinguish classic GHCs from HCCs. CONCLUSIONS LIN28 is a very specific marker (98% specificity) for distinguishing classic GHCs from HCCs though it is not as sensitive as SALL4. AFP, glypican-3, Hep Par1 and p-CEA are not useful in distinguishing classic GHCs from HCCs. Combining LIN28 and SALL4 increased the sensitivity to distinguish classic PHCs from HCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital & People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Pathology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jenny Z Lai
- University College, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Huaiyin Shi
- Department of Pathology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyong Mei
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianglei He
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital & People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Jin
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinping Lai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dengfeng Cao
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.
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36
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Ustianenko D, Chiu HS, Treiber T, Weyn-Vanhentenryck SM, Treiber N, Meister G, Sumazin P, Zhang C. LIN28 Selectively Modulates a Subclass of Let-7 MicroRNAs. Mol Cell 2018; 71:271-283.e5. [PMID: 30029005 PMCID: PMC6238216 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
LIN28 is a bipartite RNA-binding protein that post-transcriptionally inhibits the biogenesis of let-7 microRNAs to regulate development and influence disease states. However, the mechanisms of let-7 suppression remain poorly understood because LIN28 recognition depends on coordinated targeting by both the zinc knuckle domain (ZKD), which binds a GGAG-like element in the precursor, and the cold shock domain (CSD), whose binding sites have not been systematically characterized. By leveraging single-nucleotide-resolution mapping of LIN28 binding sites in vivo, we determined that the CSD recognizes a (U)GAU motif. This motif partitions the let-7 microRNAs into two subclasses, precursors with both CSD and ZKD binding sites (CSD+) and precursors with ZKD but no CSD binding sites (CSD-). LIN28 in vivo recognition-and subsequent 3' uridylation and degradation-of CSD+ precursors is more efficient, leading to their stronger suppression in LIN28-activated cells and cancers. Thus, CSD binding sites amplify the regulatory effects of LIN28.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Ustianenko
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hua-Sheng Chiu
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Thomas Treiber
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BZR), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastien M Weyn-Vanhentenryck
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nora Treiber
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BZR), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gunter Meister
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BZR), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Pavel Sumazin
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Chaolin Zhang
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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37
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Hunter RW, Liu Y, Manjunath H, Acharya A, Jones BT, Zhang H, Chen B, Ramalingam H, Hammer RE, Xie Y, Richardson JA, Rakheja D, Carroll TJ, Mendell JT. Loss of Dis3l2 partially phenocopies Perlman syndrome in mice and results in up-regulation of Igf2 in nephron progenitor cells. Genes Dev 2018; 32:903-908. [PMID: 29950491 PMCID: PMC6075040 DOI: 10.1101/gad.315804.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Loss of function of the DIS3L2 exoribonuclease is associated with Wilms tumor and the Perlman congenital overgrowth syndrome. Here, Hunter et al.’s analysis of Dis3l2-null nephron progenitor cells reveals up-regulation of Igf2, a growth-promoting gene strongly associated with Wilms tumorigenesis. Loss of function of the DIS3L2 exoribonuclease is associated with Wilms tumor and the Perlman congenital overgrowth syndrome. LIN28, a Wilms tumor oncoprotein, triggers the DIS3L2-mediated degradation of the precursor of let-7, a microRNA that inhibits Wilms tumor development. These observations have led to speculation that DIS3L2-mediated tumor suppression is attributable to let-7 regulation. Here we examine new DIS3L2-deficient cell lines and mouse models, demonstrating that DIS3L2 loss has no effect on mature let-7 levels. Rather, analysis of Dis3l2-null nephron progenitor cells, a potential cell of origin of Wilms tumors, reveals up-regulation of Igf2, a growth-promoting gene strongly associated with Wilms tumorigenesis. These findings nominate a new potential mechanism underlying the pathology associated with DIS3L2 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W Hunter
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Yangjian Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Hema Manjunath
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Asha Acharya
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Benjamin T Jones
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Beibei Chen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Harini Ramalingam
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Robert E Hammer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - James A Richardson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Dinesh Rakheja
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Health, Dallas, Texas 75235, USA
| | - Thomas J Carroll
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Joshua T Mendell
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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38
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Xia X, Teotia P, Ahmad I. Lin28a regulates neurogliogenesis in mammalian retina through the Igf signaling. Dev Biol 2018; 440:113-128. [PMID: 29758178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In the developing central nervous system (CNS) the majority of neurons are born before the generation of glia. Emerging evidence implicates heterochronic gene, Lin28 in the temporal switch between two distinct lineages. However, the respective contributions of Lin28a and Lin28b in neurogliogenesis remain poorly understood. Here, we have examined the relative involvement of Lin28a and Lin28b in mammalian retina, a simple and accessible CNS model where neurogliogenic decision largely occurs postnatally. Examination of Lin28a/b involvement during late histogenesis by the perturbation of function approaches revealed that while Lin28b did not influence differentiation in general Lin28a facilitated and antagonized the generation of neurons and glia, respectively. Silencing of Lin28a expression in vitro and its conditional deletion in vivo during early histogenesis led to premature generation of glia. The instructive role of Lin28a on neuronal differentiation was revealed by its influence to suppress glial-specific genes and directly differentiate glia along the neuronal lineage. This function of Lin28a is likely mediated through the Igf signaling, as inhibition of the pathway abrogated Lin28a-mediated neurogliogenesis. Thus, our observations suggest that Lin28a is an important intrinsic factor that acts in concert with cell-extrinsic factors like Igfs, coordinating the developmental bias of the progenitors and niche, respectively, for the successive generation of neurons and glia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Pooja Teotia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States.
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39
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Chatterji P, Rustgi AK. RNA Binding Proteins in Intestinal Epithelial Biology and Colorectal Cancer. Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:490-506. [PMID: 29627433 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is highly proliferative and consists of crypt invaginations that house stem cells and villus projections with differentiated cells. There exists a dynamic equilibrium between proliferation, migration, differentiation, and senescence that is regulated by several factors. Among these are RNA binding proteins (RBPs) that bind their targets in a both context dependent and independent manner. RBP-RNA complexes act as rheostats by regulating expression of RNAs both co- and post-transcriptionally. This is important, especially in response to intestinal injury, to fuel regeneration. The manner in which these RBPs function in the intestine and their interactions with other pivotal pathways in colorectal cancer may provide a framework for new insights and potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Chatterji
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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40
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Tompkins VS, Valverde DP, Moss WN. Human regulatory proteins associate with non-coding RNAs from the EBV IR1 region. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:139. [PMID: 29458410 PMCID: PMC5819218 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The function of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) stable intronic sequence (sis)RNAs, non-coding RNAs transcribed from a region required for EBV-mediated cellular transformation, remain unknown. To better understand the function of ebv-sisRNA-1 and ebv-sisRNA-2 from the internal repeat (IR)1 region of EBV, we used a combination of bioinformatics and biochemistry to identify associated RNA binding proteins. The findings reported here are part of ongoing studies to determine the functions of non-coding RNAs from the IR1 region of EBV. Results Human regulatory proteins HNRNPA1 (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1), HNRNPC, HNRNPL, HuR (human antigen R), and protein LIN28A (lin-28 homolog A) were predicted to bind ebv-sisRNA-1 and/or ebv-sisRNA-2; FUS (fused in sarcoma) was predicted to associate with ebv-sisRNA-2. Protein interactions were validated using a combination of RNA immunoprecipitation and biotin pulldown assays. Both sisRNAs also precipitated with HNRNPD and NONO (non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding protein). Interestingly, each of these interacting proteins also precipitated non-spliced non-coding RNA sequences transcribed from the IR1 region. Our findings suggest interesting roles for sisRNAs (through their interactions with regulatory proteins) and provide further evidence for the existence of non-spliced stable non-coding RNAs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3250-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Tompkins
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, 2437 Pammel Drive, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - D P Valverde
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06536, USA
| | - W N Moss
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, 2437 Pammel Drive, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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41
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Ransey E, Björkbom A, Lelyveld VS, Biecek P, Pantano L, Szostak JW, Sliz P. Comparative analysis of LIN28-RNA binding sites identified at single nucleotide resolution. RNA Biol 2017; 14:1756-1765. [PMID: 28945502 PMCID: PMC5731800 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2017.1356566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
It remains a formidable challenge to characterize the diverse complexes of RNA binding proteins and their targets. While crosslink and immunoprecipitation (CLIP) methods are powerful techniques that identify RNA targets on a global scale, the resolution and consistency of these methods is a matter of debate. Here we present a comparative analysis of LIN28-pre-let-7 UV-induced crosslinking using a tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and deep sequencing interrogation of in vitro crosslinked complexes. Interestingly, analyses by the two methods diverge in their identification of crosslinked nucleotide identity – whereas bioinformatics and sequencing analyses suggest guanine in mammalian cells, MS/MS identifies uridine. This work suggests the need for comprehensive analysis and validation of crosslinking methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ransey
- a Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA
| | - Anders Björkbom
- c Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology , Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,d Åbo Akademi University , Department of Biosciences , Artillerigatan 6, FI-20520 Åbo , Finland
| | - Victor S Lelyveld
- c Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology , Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Przemyslaw Biecek
- e Faculty of Mathematics Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw , Banacha 2, Warsaw , Poland
| | - Lorena Pantano
- f Department of Biostatistics , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Jack W Szostak
- c Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology , Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Piotr Sliz
- a Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA.,b Division of Molecular Medicine , Boston Children's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA
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42
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Treiber T, Treiber N, Plessmann U, Harlander S, Daiß JL, Eichner N, Lehmann G, Schall K, Urlaub H, Meister G. A Compendium of RNA-Binding Proteins that Regulate MicroRNA Biogenesis. Mol Cell 2017; 66:270-284.e13. [PMID: 28431233 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
During microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis, two endonucleolytic reactions convert stem-loop-structured precursors into mature miRNAs. These processing steps can be posttranscriptionally regulated by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Here, we have used a proteomics-based pull-down approach to map and characterize the interactome of a multitude of pre-miRNAs. We identify ∼180 RBPs that interact specifically with distinct pre-miRNAs. For functional validation, we combined RNAi and CRISPR/Cas-mediated knockout experiments to analyze RBP-dependent changes in miRNA levels. Indeed, a large number of the investigated candidates, including splicing factors and other mRNA processing proteins, have effects on miRNA processing. As an example, we show that TRIM71/LIN41 is a potent regulator of miR-29a processing and its inactivation directly affects miR-29a targets. We provide an extended database of RBPs that interact with pre-miRNAs in extracts of different cell types, highlighting a widespread layer of co- and posttranscriptional regulation of miRNA biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Treiber
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BZR), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nora Treiber
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BZR), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Plessmann
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max-Planck-Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Simone Harlander
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BZR), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julia-Lisa Daiß
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BZR), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Eichner
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BZR), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Lehmann
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BZR), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kevin Schall
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BZR), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max-Planck-Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gunter Meister
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BZR), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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43
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Rosario R, Childs AJ, Anderson RA. RNA-binding proteins in human oogenesis: Balancing differentiation and self-renewal in the female fetal germline. Stem Cell Res 2017; 21:193-201. [PMID: 28434825 PMCID: PMC5446320 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Primordial germ cells undergo three significant processes on their path to becoming primary oocytes: the initiation of meiosis, the formation and breakdown of germ cell nests, and the assembly of single oocytes into primordial follicles. However at the onset of meiosis, the germ cell becomes transcriptionally silenced. Consequently translational control of pre-stored mRNAs plays a central role in coordinating gene expression throughout the remainder of oogenesis; RNA binding proteins are key to this regulation. In this review we examine the role of exemplars of such proteins, namely LIN28, DAZL, BOLL and FMRP, and highlight how their roles during germ cell development are critical to oogenesis and the establishment of the primordial follicle pool. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are key regulators of gene expression during oogenesis. RBPs LIN28, DAZL, BOLL and FMRP display stage-specific expression in fetal oocytes. LIN28 and DAZL may regulate self-renewal and progression into meiosis respectively. BOLL and FMRP may be involved in the later stages of prophase I and oocyte growth. RBPs may have critical roles in establishing the ovarian reserve during fetal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseanne Rosario
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Andrew J Childs
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Richard A Anderson
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaloyan M Tsanov
- a Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology , Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , MA , USA.,b Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology , Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Boston , MA , USA
| | - George Q Daley
- a Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology , Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , MA , USA.,b Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology , Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Boston , MA , USA
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45
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Abedalthagafi M, Aldandan SW, Alrayis M, Ahmed AA. Lymph node metastasis of presacral ependymoblastoma in a young child. J Clin Neurosci 2017; 40:64-66. [PMID: 28215462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ependymoblastoma presenting outside the brain is rare in children. The overwhelming majority of presacral ependymal tumors are of the benign myxpapillary type. We present a case of ependymoblastoma in the presacral region of a four-year old child. The patient presented with a presacral mass and ipsilateral inguinal lymph node metastasis. Both masses revealed histologic and immunophenotypic features of ependymoblastoma associated with myxoid areas and high Ki-67 proliferation index. The masses were excised and the patient remained well for a year after diagnosis with no other therapy. This report emphasizes ependymoblastoma as rare entity in the differential diagnosis of presacral tumors in children and, up to our knowledge, the first report of inguinal lymph node metastasis of ependymoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malak Abedalthagafi
- Research Center, Saudi Human Genome Laboratory, King Fahad Medical City, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
| | - Sadeq W Aldandan
- Research Center, Saudi Human Genome Laboratory, King Fahad Medical City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Alrayis
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atif A Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
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46
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Rahkonen N, Stubb A, Malonzo M, Edelman S, Emani MR, Närvä E, Lähdesmäki H, Ruohola-Baker H, Lahesmaa R, Lund R. Mature Let-7 miRNAs fine tune expression of LIN28B in pluripotent human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2016; 17:498-503. [PMID: 27776272 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are central regulators of diverse biological processes and are important in the regulation of stem cell self-renewal. One of the widely studied miRNA-protein regulators is the Lin28-Let-7 pair. In this study, we demonstrate that contrary to the well-established models of mouse ES cells (mESC) and transformed human cancer cells, the pluripotent state of human ES cells (hESC) involves expression of mature Let-7 family miRNAs with concurrent expression of all LIN28 proteins. We show that mature Let-7 miRNAs are regulated during hESC differentiation and have opposite expression profile with LIN28B. Moreover, mature Let-7 miRNAs fine tune the expression levels of LIN28B protein in pluripotent hESCs, whereas silencing of LIN28 proteins have no effect on mature Let-7 levels. These results bring novel information to the highly complex network of human pluripotency and suggest that maintenance of hESC pluripotency differs greatly from the mESCs in regard to LIN28-Let-7 regulation.
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47
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Feng S, Huang S, Tong Y, Chen Z, Shen D, Wu D, Lai XH, Chen X. RNA-binding protein LIN28 is a sensitive marker of pediatric yolk sac tumors. Pediatr Surg Int 2016; 32:819-25. [PMID: 27357399 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-016-3922-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA-binding protein LIN28 is involved in maintaining the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells. It has been detected in different types of testicular and ovarian germ cell tumors (GCTs), but its status in pediatric YSTs (yolk sac tumors) is still unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the immunohistochemical profile of LIN28 in pediatric YSTs. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunohistochemistry detection of LIN28 was performed in 22 cases of pediatric YSTs and 10 mature teratomas. The percentage of tumor cells stained was scored as 0, 1+ (1-30 % cells), 2+ (31-60 %), 3+ (61-90 %), and 4+ (>90 %). To compare its sensitive and specificity with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), we also stained AFP in 22 cases of pediatric YSTs and 10 mature teratomas in children. LIN28 staining was high in all 22 pediatric yolk sac tumor (2+ in 1, 3+ in 1, and 4+ in 20), and weak staining of LIN28 was seen in 1 of 10 mature teratomas (1+), 9 of 10 mature teratomas were negative expression. However, the expression of AFP in pediatric YST was lower compared with Lin28 (- in 1, 1+ in 8, 2+ in 12, and 3+ in 1), and weak expression of AFP was seen in 2 of 10 mature teratomas (1+), 8 of 10 mature teratomas were negative. LIN28 had higher intensity expression than AFP in pediatric YSTs (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS LIN28 is a sensitive marker for pediatric YSTs and it can be used to distinguish them from mature teratomas. LIN28 is likely to become a new and valuable biomarker for diagnosing of pediatric YST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoguang Feng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, No. 195 Wenhui Rd, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songsong Huang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yulong Tong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhongliang Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Delei Shen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dazhou Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin-He Lai
- Institute of Inflammation and Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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48
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Sławek S, Szmyt K, Fularz M, Dziudzia J, Boruczkowski M, Sikora J, Kaczmarek M. Pluripotency transcription factors in lung cancer-a review. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:4241-9. [PMID: 26581906 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4407-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Diagnosis of lung cancer in an early stage is still a challenge due to the asymptomatic course of early stages of the disease and the lack of a standard screening program for the population. Nowadays, learning about the mechanisms that lead to cancerogenesis in the lung is crucial for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Recently, many studies have proved that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for the initiation, progression, metastasis, recurrence, and even resistance of chemo- and radiotherapeutic treatment in patients with lung cancer. The expression of pluripotency transcription factors is responsible for stemness properties. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of CSCs and pluripotency transcription factors in lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Sławek
- Department of Immunology, Chair of Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Szmyt
- Department of Immunology, Chair of Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Fularz
- Department of Immunology, Chair of Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Dziudzia
- Department of Immunology, Chair of Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Boruczkowski
- Department of Immunology, Chair of Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jan Sikora
- Department of Immunology, Chair of Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarek
- Department of Immunology, Chair of Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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49
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Kuroda T, Yasuda S, Matsuyama S, Tano K, Kusakawa S, Sawa Y, Kawamata S, Sato Y. Highly sensitive droplet digital PCR method for detection of residual undifferentiated cells in cardiomyocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells. Regen Ther 2015; 2:17-23. [PMID: 31245455 PMCID: PMC6581767 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), such as human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), are leading candidate cells as raw materials for cell therapy products, because of their capacity for pluripotent differentiation and unlimited self-renewal. hPSC-derived products have already entered the scope of clinical application. However, the assessment and control of their tumorigenicity remains to be a critical challenge. Sensitive detection of the pluripotent cellular impurities is necessary for the safety and quality control of the hPSC-derived products. In the present study, we established a sensitive assay for detection of the residual undifferentiated hiPSCs in cardiomyocytes, using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). The ddPCR method with a probe and primers for LIN28 significantly detected as low as 0.001% undifferentiated hiPSCs in primary cardiomyocytes, which is equivalent to the ratio of a single hiPSC to 1 × 105 cardiomyocytes. The ddPCR also showed that LIN28 expression is extremely low in human tissues including liver, heart, pancreas, kidney, spinal cord, corneal epithelium and lung. These results suggest that the ddPCR method targeting LIN28 transcripts is highly sensitive and useful for the quality assessment of various cell therapy products derived from hPSCs. A highly sensitive in vitro assay for detection of residual undifferentiated hiPSCs in hiPSC-derived cell therapy products. LIN28 mRNA is highly sensitive marker of residual undifferentiated hiPSCs in hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. The ddPCR assay using LIN28 as a target is able to detect 0.001% undifferentiated hiPSCs in primary cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kuroda
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Satoko Matsuyama
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Tano
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kusakawa
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shin Kawamata
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoji Sato
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Quality Assurance Science for Pharmaceuticals, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Cellular & Gene Therapy Products, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Translational Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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50
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Tu HC, Schwitalla S, Qian Z, LaPier GS, Yermalovich A, Ku YC, Chen SC, Viswanathan SR, Zhu H, Nishihara R, Inamura K, Kim SA, Morikawa T, Mima K, Sukawa Y, Yang J, Meredith G, Fuchs CS, Ogino S, Daley GQ. LIN28 cooperates with WNT signaling to drive invasive intestinal and colorectal adenocarcinoma in mice and humans. Genes Dev 2015; 29:1074-86. [PMID: 25956904 PMCID: PMC4441054 DOI: 10.1101/gad.256693.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
LIN28A and LIN28B are highly related RNA-binding paralogs that influence development, tissue regeneration, and oncogenesis. Tu et al. demonstrate that overexpression of either paralog drives invasive intestinal adenocarcinoma and cooperates with the Wnt pathway to promote tumor initiation and progression in murine models. Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major contributor to cancer-related mortality. LIN28A and LIN28B are highly related RNA-binding protein paralogs that regulate biogenesis of let-7 microRNAs and influence development, metabolism, tissue regeneration, and oncogenesis. Here we demonstrate that overexpression of either LIN28 paralog cooperates with the Wnt pathway to promote invasive intestinal adenocarcinoma in murine models. When LIN28 alone is induced genetically, half of the resulting tumors harbor Ctnnb1 (β-catenin) mutation. When overexpressed in ApcMin/+ mice, LIN28 accelerates tumor formation and enhances proliferation and invasiveness. In conditional genetic models, enforced expression of a LIN28-resistant form of the let-7 microRNA reduces LIN28-induced tumor burden, while silencing of LIN28 expression reduces tumor volume and increases tumor differentiation, indicating that LIN28 contributes to tumor maintenance. We detected aberrant expression of LIN28A and/or LIN28B in 38% of a large series of human CRC samples (n = 595), where LIN28 expression levels were associated with invasive tumor growth. Our late-stage CRC murine models and analysis of primary human tumors demonstrate prominent roles for both LIN28 paralogs in promoting CRC growth and progression and implicate the LIN28/let-7 pathway as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Chou Tu
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Sarah Schwitalla
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Zhirong Qian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Grace S LaPier
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Alena Yermalovich
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Yuan-Chieh Ku
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Incorporated, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Shann-Ching Chen
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Incorporated, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Srinivas R Viswanathan
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Hao Zhu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Kentaro Inamura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Sun A Kim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Teppei Morikawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Kosuke Mima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Yasutaka Sukawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Juhong Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Gavin Meredith
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Incorporated, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - George Q Daley
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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