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Nigam JS, Pradeep I, Bharti JN, Rath A. World Health Organization reporting system for lung cytopathology-A brief correspondence. Cytopathology 2024; 35:438-440. [PMID: 38343100 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The WHO lung cytopathology reporting system has been published recently and is now a five-tier category system without any subcategorization. WHO reporting system also encourages the application of ancillary diagnostic tests like cell block preparation, immunocytochemistry, and rapid on-site evaluation for better categorization of specimens and further management. This correspondence aims to provide a brief outline of the lung reporting system. Lung cytopathology reporting system use standardized nomenclature and usage of the terminologies harmonizing with the WHO Blue Book, and table and flow diagram may be helpful for the readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Singh Nigam
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
| | - Immanuel Pradeep
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
| | - Jyotsna Naresh Bharti
- Department of Pathology/Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Rath
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
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Nigam JS, Bharti JN, Pradeep I, Rath A. Upcoming World Health Organization system for reporting lymph node cytopathology-A preliminary outline. Cytopathology 2024; 35:321-323. [PMID: 37975274 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Purple book for WHO reporting for lymph node cytopathology - 2023. Lymph node cytopathology reporting system may use standardized nomenclature and usage of the terminologies harmonizing with the WHO Blue Book on hematolymphoid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Singh Nigam
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
| | - Jyotsna Naresh Bharti
- Department of Pathology/Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Immanuel Pradeep
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
| | - Ashutosh Rath
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
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Joshi AL, Pradeep I, Nigam JS, Arora AJ, Ramamourthy B. Regular resident becomes aggressive enemy: Diagnosed on cytology. Cytopathology 2024; 35:292-295. [PMID: 37916668 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Actinomycosis, an oral cavity commensal, causes cervicofacial infection in patients associated with an immunosuppression state and local mucosal injuries. Bone involvement by this commensal is rare. In the present case, we report a case of left peri mandibular soft tissue, soft to firm, tender swelling in a 39-year-old immunocompetent male diagnosed as Actinomycosis infection on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and cell block preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Immanuel Pradeep
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
| | - Jitendra Singh Nigam
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
| | | | - Balaji Ramamourthy
- Department of ENT, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
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Abstract
C4d is a byproduct of the activation of the classic and lectin complement pathways. Being routinely used as a marker for antibody-mediated rejection, the significance of C4d in native kidney disease is currently being widely studied. We evaluated glomerular and extraglomerular C4d staining in 82 biopsies of proliferative and nonproliferative glomerulonephritis diagnosed in our institution. The staining pattern of C4d was tabulated in various glomerular diseases. All biopsies of membranous nephropathy including membranous lupus nephritis (Class V) and immune complex-mediated membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) consistently showed C4d deposits along glomerular basement membrane mirroring the location of immunoglobulin and complement in these conditions. Conversely, other glomerular diseases like IgA nephropathy, postinfectious glomerulonephritis, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, minimal change disease, and diabetic nephropathy showed variable mesangial and capillary wall C4d deposits. To summarize, the consistent pattern of C4d staining in membranous nephropathy (primary and secondary)and immune complex-mediated MPGN can be used as a valuable adjunct tool in establishing the diagnosis, especially when immunofluorescence findings are limited by inadequate sampling.C4d reactivity in other glomerular diseases are variable and may not aid as a diagnostic tool in renal biopsy evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immanuel Pradeep
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, India
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Pradeep I, Kumar N, Kalyani P, Nigam JS, Somalwar SB, Srirambhatla A, Rath A. Urorectal Septum Malformation Sequence With Retroperitoneal Neuroblastoma: A Case Report of an Unusual Association. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2024; 27:77-82. [PMID: 37771145 DOI: 10.1177/10935266231196032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Urorectal septum malformation sequence (URSMS) is an uncommon disease characterized by a failure of the anorectal septum to divide the cloaca and fuse with the cloacal membrane. Complete URSMS is usually lethal in newborn due to severe renal dysfunction and pulmonary hypoplasia. Partial URSMS is compatible with life with a single perineal opening draining a common cloaca with an imperforate anus which amenable to surgical management. Antenatal diagnosis of URSMS is challenging because of multisystem, complex abnormalities involving gastrointestinal, urogenital tract, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal systems. In this case report, we describe a 15-week male fetus with partial URSMS having a spectrum of multisystem structural anomalies associated with fetal neuroblastoma in retroperitoneal location and adrenal neuroblastoma in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immanuel Pradeep
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Naina Kumar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Poojitha Kalyani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Jitendra Singh Nigam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shrinivas Bheemrao Somalwar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Annapurna Srirambhatla
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ashutosh Rath
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Sekar MD, Pradeep I, Srinivas BH, Toi PC, Govindarajan K, Kayal S. Primary Pediatric Yolk Sac Tumor of Liver With Lung Metastasis: An Unusual Presentation With Diagnosis Aided by LIN28 Immunohistochemistry. Int J Surg Pathol 2023; 31:1618-1625. [PMID: 37013352 DOI: 10.1177/10668969231157777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Yolk sac tumor is a malignant germ cell tumor, which typically occurs in the gonads with elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Among extragonadal sites, the liver is an uncommon location for primary pediatric yolk sac tumors. Other common hepatic tumors in this age group presenting with elevated serum AFP like hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma must be differentiated from yolk sac tumors for initiating appropriate treatment and accurate prognostication. Lung metastasis with refractoriness to chemotherapy is an extraordinary presentation that has never been documented in the literature. We report our experience with a 2-year-old female child initially misdiagnosed as hepatoblastoma. It was found that LIN28 positivity by immunohistochemistry aided in confirmation of the histopathological diagnosis of primary yolk sac tumor of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithraa Devi Sekar
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Immanuel Pradeep
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, A.I.I.M.S., Bibinagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - Bheemanathi Hanuman Srinivas
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Pampa Ch Toi
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Krishnakumar Govindarajan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Smita Kayal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
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Pradeep I, Joshi AL, Rath A, Bharti JN, Nigam JS. Overview of Updates in New The Bethesda System for Reporting of Thyroid Cytopathology Using the Latest World Health Organization Thyroid Tumor Classification Terminology. Endocr Pract 2023; 29:1020-1022. [PMID: 37657627 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Immanuel Pradeep
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
| | | | - Ashutosh Rath
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
| | - Jyotsna Naresh Bharti
- Department of Pathology/Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Jitendra Singh Nigam
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India.
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Rath A, Pradeep I, Nigam JS. Diagnostic Performance of Bile Duct Brush Cytology with Risk of Malignancy of Standardized Categories in the Wake of World Health Organization Reporting System for Pancreaticobiliary Cytopathology: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Acta Cytol 2023; 67:639-649. [PMID: 37879315 DOI: 10.1159/000534764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The WHO Reporting System for Pancreaticobiliary Cytopathology revised the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology guidelines in alignment with the WHO classification of digestive system tumors, 5th edition. The current systematic review and meta-analysis have been conducted to accurately assess the performance of bile duct brush cytology and report the risk of malignancy (ROM) of each standard category by following the guidelines of diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis. METHODS Medline/Pubmed and Cochrane databases were searched till June 8, 2023, with a strategy that included target site (pancreaticobiliary and related terms), diagnostic method (bile duct brushing and related terms), and keywords for diagnostic performance (for Cochrane database). Inclusion criteria included studies that have assessed bile duct cytology (BDC) for pancreaticobiliary duct stricture with a sample size of over 50, provided cytological diagnoses similar to the WHO system with details to deduce true positives, true negatives, false positives, and false negatives through subsequent final diagnoses (benign vs. malignant). The exclusion criteria were the fewer sample size, assessment through other cytological categories, limited data, and clinical setting. Two authors independently reviewed the result of the search strategy. The quality of the selected articles was assessed by the QUADAS-2 tool. Bivariate random-effects model was used to get the pooled sensitivity and specificity. Heterogeneity across studies was assessed using I-squared statistics, and potential sources were found using meta-regression. Pooled and a range of ROM in each category was analyzed. RESULTS Thirteen studies were included with 4,398 bile duct brushings. The pooled sensitivity is 0.437 (95% CI: 0.371-0.504), and the pooled specificity is 0.972 (95% CI: 0.943-0.987). The ROM in various categories are as follows: inadequate/nondiagnostic: 23-100% (pooled: 50.15%), benign/negative for malignancy: 22-70% (38%), atypical: 0-95% (66%), suspicious for malignancy: 74-100% (89%), malignant: 91-100% (98%). CONCLUSION Even with standard cytological categories, the sensitivity of BDC remains low. The review has analyzed and discussed potential causes of heterogeneity that will be helpful for future diagnostic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Rath
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bibinagar, Hyderabad Metropolitan Region, Bibinagar, India
| | - Immanuel Pradeep
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bibinagar, Hyderabad Metropolitan Region, Bibinagar, India
| | - Jitendra Singh Nigam
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bibinagar, Hyderabad Metropolitan Region, Bibinagar, India
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Sekar MD, Pradeep I, Srinivas BH, Kayal S. Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors: A Single Institution Experience with Clinicopathological Correlation. Int J Surg Pathol 2023:10668969231201413. [PMID: 37853749 DOI: 10.1177/10668969231201413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Background. Extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGCTs) are a rare heterogeneous group of tumors without evidence of primary gonadal germ cell tumors. They account for 2%-5% of overall malignancies. EGCTs are often not clinically suspected, making them challenging for pathologists. In this retrospective observational study, we describe our institutional experience among EGCTs with clinicopathological correlation. Materials and methods. All patients diagnosed as EGCTs from January 2014 to April 2023 were collected. All relevant clinical data and serum markers were retrieved from hospital medical records. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry slides were reviewed. Results. The present study included a total of 56 patients; 34 (60%) men and 22 (40%) women with a men-to-women ratio of 1.5:1. Of them, 1 patient had congenital/neonatal EGCTs, 21 patients had prepubertal EGCTs, and 34 had post-pubertal EGCTs. The common sites included are mediastinum (45%), sacrococcyx (18%), retroperitoneum (14%), and central nervous system (12%). The other rare sites were the vagina, liver, colon, and duodenum. The common germ cell tumor included mature teratoma (34%), mixed germ cell tumor (27%), seminoma/germinoma (12%), pure yolk sac tumor (11%), immature teratoma (9%), mature teratoma with somatic tumor (5%), and embryonal carcinoma (2%). All histological diagnoses of germ cell tumors were confirmed with IHC markers like PLAP, CD117 (KIT), AFP, LIN28, CD30, and β-hCG. Pre and posttreatment serum tumor marker levels were available in 37 patients. All our treated patients had a decrease or normal tumor marker levels post-therapy. Conclusion. In our study, a heterogeneous group of germ cell tumors was seen. Most of them were seen in post-pubertal adolescents and young adults. Early intervention by platinum-based combination chemotherapy in seminoma and nonseminomatous germ cell tumors has significantly improved the prognosis of malignant EGCTs similar to their germ cell counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithraa Devi Sekar
- Department of Pathology, Jawarharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Immanuel Pradeep
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory medicine, A.I.I.M.S Bibinagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - Bheemanathi Hanuman Srinivas
- Department of Pathology, Jawarharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Smita Kayal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jawarharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
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Pradeep I, Sharma A, Nigam JS. An uncommon vascular lesion over the right hand. Cytojournal 2023; 20:41. [PMID: 37942302 PMCID: PMC10629283 DOI: 10.25259/cytojournal_13_2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Immanuel Pradeep
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
| | - Abhimanyu Sharma
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
| | - Jitendra Singh Nigam
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
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Sethy MR, Nigam JS, Rath A, Sharma A, Prabhala S, Pradeep I. Spectrum of cervicovaginal Pap smears in newly established tertiary care medical institute. Cytojournal 2023; 20:20. [PMID: 37681076 PMCID: PMC10481852 DOI: 10.25259/cytojournal_8_2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives We undertook this study to find out the spectrum of the cervical smear pattern along with the clinical profiles of patients who underwent cervical Papanicolaou (Pap) smear evaluation in our newly started tertiary care center. We also tried to find the possible clinical cause for unsatisfactory smears and factors for epithelial cell abnormality. Material and Methods The present study was a retrospective observational study. Pap smears cases with their clinical findings mentioned on the requisition form and cytopathology observations were retrieved from the archives of the department of pathology. Fisher's exact test was used for statistical analysis. Results Five hundred and ninety-four cases were included in the study. The most common age group was 36- 40 years. White discharge per vaginum was the most common clinical presentation. The negative for squamous intraepithelial lesions or malignancy was the most common interpretation (86.87%). Cervical erosion had statistically significant associations with unsatisfactory smears, while bacterial vaginosis had with satisfactory smears. Epithelial cell abnormality was seen in 4.62% patients. We observed a statistically significant association of cervical mucoid discharge, and inflammation with "no epithelial cell abnormality" cases, while postmenopausal bleeding was associated with "epithelial cell abnormality" cases. Conclusion In the presence of clinical factors like cervical erosion, which may affect the quality of Pap smear, proper sampling techniques are to be used by health-care providers. The careful evaluation of Pap smears, especially in cases of cervical mucoid discharge, postmenopausal bleeding, and inflammatory smears is required to ensure that epithelial cell abnormalities are not overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Ranjan Sethy
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
| | - Jitendra Singh Nigam
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
| | - Ashutosh Rath
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
| | - Abhimanyu Sharma
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
| | - Shailaja Prabhala
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
| | - Immanuel Pradeep
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
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Rath A, Prabhala S, Somalwar SB, Pradeep I, Singh NK. Solid/trabecular subtype of papillary thyroid carcinoma on cytology with focal differentiated high-grade thyroid carcinoma on histology: a cyto-histologic correlation. Ecancermedicalscience 2023; 17:1587. [PMID: 37799954 PMCID: PMC10550291 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2023.1587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid/trabecular subtype of papillary thyroid carcinoma (S/T PTC) is a rare entity that has been shown to have higher tumour recurrence and mortality rates. A definite diagnosis on fine needle aspiration cytology is often not easy. Rather, this entity may be misdiagnosed in cytology due to a lack of widespread features of classic PTC. We present a case of S/T PTC in a 61-year-old female, showing a focus on differentiated high-grade thyroid carcinoma (DHGTC) on histology. We discuss cytological features with the histologic correlation of S/T PTC and briefly discuss the newly introduced entity, DHGTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Rath
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bibinagar, Hyderabad 508126, Telangana, India
| | - Shailaja Prabhala
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bibinagar, Hyderabad 508126, Telangana, India
| | - Shrinivas Bheemrao Somalwar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bibinagar, Hyderabad 508126, Telangana, India
| | - Immanuel Pradeep
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bibinagar, Hyderabad 508126, Telangana, India
| | - Namit Kant Singh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bibinagar, Hyderabad 508126, Telangana, India
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Nigam JS, Bharti JN, Rath A, Pradeep I. A Comprehensive Review of the Newest World Health Organization (WHO) Cytopathology Reporting Systems. Adv Anat Pathol 2023:00125480-990000000-00061. [PMID: 37442626 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
World Health Organization cytopathology reporting system systems have proposed for the pancreatobiliary tract, lung, lymph node, and soft tissue aligned with the updates in the World Health Organization classification of Tumor series. Among them, the pancreatobiliary tract and lung specimen reporting system have been published recently and are now a 7-tier and 5-tier category system, respectively, without any subcategorization. World Health Organization reporting systems also encourage the application of ancillary diagnostic tests like cell block preparation, immunocytochemistry, and rapid on-site evaluation for better categorization of specimens and further management, especially in indeterminate (atypical and suspicious for malignancy) and malignant cytology categories. In this brief review, we aim to provide a brief outline of both the systems and their clinical risk-based management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Singh Nigam
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana
| | - Jyotsna Naresh Bharti
- Department of Pathology/Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Rath
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana
| | - Immanuel Pradeep
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana
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Bharti JN, Nigam JS, Rath A, Pradeep I. Insufficient/inadequate category in breast cytology: Are the standardized guidelines of rapid on-site evaluation available to reduce its rate? Diagn Cytopathol 2023; 51:321-324. [PMID: 36932831 DOI: 10.1002/dc.25126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
In 2017, the International Academy of Cytology announced a five-tier reporting system for breast fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) cytopathology. We observed the insufficient/inadequate cases rate varied from 2.05% to 39.89%, with a risk of malignancy varying from 0% to 60.87%. This wide range of variation poses a significant number of patients at risk due to delay in management. Some authors describe rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) as a tool to reduce its rate. In this preliminary review, we also observed that there were no uniform guidelines available for ROSE to reduce the insufficient/inadequate category rate. We expect that cytopathologists will construct some uniform guidelines for ROSE in the future, which may help to reduce the rate of category 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsna Naresh Bharti
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, 522503, India
| | - Jitendra Singh Nigam
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, 508126, India
| | - Ashutosh Rath
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, 508126, India
| | - Immanuel Pradeep
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, 508126, India
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Pradeep I, Nigam JS, Rathod G, Parmeshwar TM. Cytology of micropapillary mucinous carcinoma: A case report of a clinically and genetically distinct breast carcinoma variant. Diagn Cytopathol 2023; 51:E185-E188. [PMID: 36891770 DOI: 10.1002/dc.25122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Micropapillary mucinous carcinoma (MPMC) is an uncommon histopathological variant of breast cancer accounting for approximately one-fifth of all mucinous breast carcinomas. In contrast to pure mucinous carcinoma, MPMC tends to affect younger women and is associated with decreased progression-free survival, higher nuclear grade, lymphovascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, and positive HER2 status. Typically MPMC histology shows micropapillary architecture with "hobnailing" of cells and reverse polarity. Very few publications document the cytomorphological findings of MPMC. We report a case of MPMC that was suspected in fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and confirmed at histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immanuel Pradeep
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
| | - Jitendra Singh Nigam
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
| | - Gunvanti Rathod
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
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Pradeep I, Rath A, Nigam JS. Adoption of Rapid On-Site Evaluation (ROSE) in the routine evaluation of lung cytology specimens. Acta Cytol 2023. [PMID: 36863324 DOI: 10.1159/000529858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Not applicable.
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Pradeep I, Gowrishankar K, Shanmugasundaram L. Lethal Restrictive Dermopathy with ZMPSTE24 Mutation. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2022; 25:327-329. [PMID: 34961372 DOI: 10.1177/10935266211065316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lethal restrictive dermopathy is genodermatoses associated with lamin protein defects resulting in connective tissue abnormalities of skin, musculoskeletal, and adipose tissue. We report one such case with a mutation in the ZMPSTE24 gene which is involved in lamin protein synthesis, resulting in fetal akinesia or hypokinesia deformation sequence. Early recognition in the perinatal period of distinctive clinical and skin histological features followed by molecular diagnosis enabled genetic counseling for the affected family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immanuel Pradeep
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 596687A.I.I.M.S Bibinagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kalpana Gowrishankar
- Department of Medical Genetics, 29981Kanchi Kamakoti Childs Trust Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Lakshmi Shanmugasundaram
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, 29848Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, India
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18
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Pradeep I, Palo S, Rath A, Nigam JS, Prabhala S, Akula NS. Primary subcutaneous hydatidosis of axilla. Diagn Cytopathol 2022; 50:357-360. [PMID: 35478386 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Immanuel Pradeep
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
| | - Seetu Palo
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
| | - Ashutosh Rath
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
| | - Jitendra Singh Nigam
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
| | - Shailaja Prabhala
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
| | - Nyna Sindhu Akula
- Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
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19
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Abraham G, Anupama S, Pradeep I, Mathews S, Parthasarathy R, Mathew M, Sundaraja S, Kurien A, Palaniappan N. Clinicopathological correlation of transplant nephrectomies in elusive graft dysfunction - An observational study. Indian J Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/ijot.ijot_94_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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20
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Ateeq B, Kunju LP, Carskadon SL, Pandey SK, Singh G, Pradeep I, Tandon V, Singhai A, Goel A, Amit S, Agarwal A, Dinda AK, Seth A, Tsodikov A, Chinnaiyan AM, Palanisamy N. Molecular profiling of ETS and non-ETS aberrations in prostate cancer patients from northern India. Prostate 2021; 81:357-358. [PMID: 33683724 PMCID: PMC8565667 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Pradeep I, Anupama SH, Koshy P, Kurien A, Rohit A, Mathew M, Parthasarathy R, Abraham G. A rare association of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of kidney and urinary tract with immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Indian J Med Microbiol 2019; 37:587-589. [PMID: 32436885 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_19_482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB)-related secondary immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy is reported in a 72-year-old male patient. The patient was diagnosed to have MTB infection of the kidney and genitourinary tract which was diagnosed by the demonstration of the organism by GeneXpert Ultra and culture. Concurrent kidney biopsy showed IgA nephropathy. The patient responded to urethral double-J stenting and four-drug antituberculous therapy with improvement of kidney function and resolution of MTB. IgA nephropathy can present as primary glomerulonephritis or secondary to MTB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immanuel Pradeep
- Department of Pathology, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Priyanka Koshy
- Department of Pathology, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abraham Kurien
- Department of Urology, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anusha Rohit
- Department of Microbiology, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Milly Mathew
- Department of Nephrology, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Georgi Abraham
- Department of Nephrology, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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22
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Kumari K, Pradeep I, Kakkar A, Dinda AK, Seth A, Nayak B, Singh G. BK polyomavirus and urothelial carcinoma: Experience at a tertiary care centre in India with review of literature. Ann Diagn Pathol 2019; 40:77-80. [PMID: 31075667 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION BK polyomavirus is ubiquitous and remains dormant in the urothelial tract, reactivating and replicating in the immunocompromised state especially in the setting of post-renal transplantation where it is believed to be directly oncogenic based on recent reports. Its oncogenic role in the immunocompetent host is controversial. This study aimed to investigate the association of BK polyomavirus in Urothelial Carcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients with suspected urothelial carcinoma (UC) admitted under Department of Urology over a period of one year were recruited and transuretheral bladder tumor (TURBT) resection was performed, along with sampling of cystoscopically normal-appearing urothelium away from the tumor. In addition, cystectomy specimens with UC were included, with sampling of grossly normal-appearing urothelium away from the tumor. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for SV40 T-Antigen and chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) using BK polyomavirus specific probe was performed on the paired samples (tumor and normal). RESULTS Twenty-three TURBT and 14 cystectomy specimens were assessed. None of the cases showed evidence of BK polyomavirus infection in tumor or in surrounding mucosa by IHC. CISH performed in ten cases were also found to be negative. In comparison, one post-renal transplant urothelial carcinoma in our experience showed diffuse SV40 staining. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that BK polyomavirus infection is not associated with urothelial malignancy in the immunocompetent setting unlike in the immunocompromised setting where it should always be investigated for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Kumari
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Immanuel Pradeep
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aanchal Kakkar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Kumar Dinda
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amlesh Seth
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - B Nayak
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Geetika Singh
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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23
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Singh G, Singh SK, Nalwa A, Singh L, Pradeep I, Barwad A, Sinha A, Hari P, Bagga A, Bagchi S, Agarwal SK, Dinda AK. Glomerular C4d Staining Does Not Exclude a C3 Glomerulopathy. Kidney Int Rep 2019; 4:698-709. [PMID: 31080925 PMCID: PMC6506704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction C4d, an early product in the classical/lectin complement pathway has shown potential in the evaluation of C3 glomerulopathy where its absence would support an alternative pathway abnormality. As autoimmune/genetic complement testing is not readily available to most parts of the world, glomerular C4d staining may serve as a useful additional step toward the diagnosis. Methods To test this hypothesis, C4d staining was performed on a large cohort of C3 glomerulopathy. Archival cases from 2011 to 2017 were reviewed and immunohistochemistry for C4d was performed, scored (scale of 0 to 3+), and correlated with the immunofluorescence and ultrastructural findings. Paraffin immunofluorescence was performed in cases of "discordant C4d" to unmask Igs. Results Twenty-seven cases of dense deposit disease (DDD) and 14 cases of C3 glomerulonephritis (C3GN) were retrieved. C4d demonstrated a range of staining intensities with negative/traces in only 22% of DDD and 64% of C3GN. Lower-intensity C4d staining (1 to 2+) was mostly concordant with similar amounts of Igs/C1q. Discordant 3+ staining was noted in approximately 50% of cases of DDD and 20% of cases of C3GN. Among them, paraffin immunofluorescence unmasked polyclonal Igs in 2 of 5 cases of DDD and 1 of 3 cases of C3GN. Conclusion This observational study suggests that the presence of glomerular C4d should not exclude a C3 glomerulopathy. In lower intensities, it appears to represent overlying classical/lectin pathway activation with concordant Ig/C1q deposits. A subset of cases, however, displays intense and discordant C4d staining, which raises the possibility of an associated lectin pathway abnormality, a potential future area of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Singh
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shamresh Kumar Singh
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aasma Nalwa
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Lavleen Singh
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Immanuel Pradeep
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Adarsh Barwad
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aditi Sinha
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Hari
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Arvind Bagga
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Soumita Bagchi
- Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Agarwal
- Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Kumar Dinda
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Pradeep I, Ranjith Kumar E, Suriyanarayanan N, Mohanraj K, Srinivas C, Mehar MVK. Effect of Al doping concentration on the structural, optical, morphological and electrical properties of V2O5 nanostructures. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj03607h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Study on the optoelectronic characteristics of a cation-substituted nanostructure is a specific area of recent interest for a wide range of photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Pradeep
- Department of Physics
- Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology
- Coimbatore-641008
- India
| | - E. Ranjith Kumar
- Department of Physics
- Dr N.G.P. Institute of Technology
- Coimbatore-641048
- India
| | - N. Suriyanarayanan
- Department of Physics
- Government College of Technology
- Coimbatore 641 013
- India
| | - K. Mohanraj
- Raman Research Laboratory
- PG & Research Department of Physics
- Government Arts College
- Tiruvannamalai-606603
- India
| | - Ch. Srinivas
- Department of Physics
- Sasi Institute of Technology & Engineering
- Tadepalligudem 534101
- India
| | - M. V. K. Mehar
- Department of Physics
- Government Degree College
- Alamuru
- India
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25
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Kakkar A, Pradeep I, Singh G, Dinda A, Agarwal SK. Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma: A Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder Presenting as a Jejunal Mass in a Renal Transplant Recipient. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2016; 16:617-619. [PMID: 27915968 DOI: 10.6002/ect.2016.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders are a spectrum of lymphoproliferative disorders seen in recipients of solid-organ, bone marrow, and stem cell allografts. They include polyclonal early lesions mimicking infectious mononucleosis and monoclonal proliferations of B and T cells, indistinguishable from lymphomas occurring in immunocompetent individuals. Although most posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders are B-cell neoplasms, T-cell posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders are very rare. Among solid-organ transplants, renal allografts have low risk for development of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders. We describe the case of an adult male who developed a T-cell posttransplant lympho?roliferative disorder involving the small intestine after renal transplant, which was diagnosed as peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aanchal Kakkar
- From the Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India 110029
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26
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Vignesh G, Pradeep I, Arunachalam S, Vignesh S, Arthur James R, Arun R, Premkumar K. Biological and protein-binding studies of newly synthesized polymer-cobalt(III) complexes. LUMINESCENCE 2015; 31:533-543. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Vignesh
- School of Chemistry; Bharathidasan University; Tiruchirappalli- 620 024 Tamil Nadu India
| | - I. Pradeep
- School of Chemistry; Bharathidasan University; Tiruchirappalli- 620 024 Tamil Nadu India
| | - S. Arunachalam
- School of Chemistry; Bharathidasan University; Tiruchirappalli- 620 024 Tamil Nadu India
| | - S. Vignesh
- Department of Marine Science; Bharathidasan University; Tiruchirappalli- 620 024 Tamil Nadu India
| | - R. Arthur James
- Department of Marine Science; Bharathidasan University; Tiruchirappalli- 620 024 Tamil Nadu India
| | - R. Arun
- Department of Biomedical Science; Bharathidasan University; Tiruchirappalli- 620 024 Tamil Nadu India
| | - K. Premkumar
- Department of Biomedical Science; Bharathidasan University; Tiruchirappalli- 620 024 Tamil Nadu India
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27
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Ateeq B, Kunju LP, Carskadon SL, Pandey SK, Singh G, Pradeep I, Tandon V, Singhai A, Goel A, Amit S, Agarwal A, Dinda AK, Seth A, Tsodikov A, Chinnaiyan AM, Palanisamy N. Molecular profiling of ETS and non-ETS aberrations in prostate cancer patients from northern India. Prostate 2015; 75:1051-62. [PMID: 25809148 PMCID: PMC4832366 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular stratification of prostate cancer (PCa) based on genetic aberrations including ETS or RAF gene-rearrangements, PTEN deletion, and SPINK1 over-expression show clear prognostic and diagnostic utility. Gene rearrangements involving ETS transcription factors are frequent pathogenetic somatic events observed in PCa. Incidence of ETS rearrangements in Caucasian PCa patients has been reported, however, occurrence in Indian population is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the ETS and RAF kinase gene rearrangements, SPINK1 over-expression, and PTEN deletion in this cohort. METHODS In this multi-center study, formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) PCa specimens (n = 121) were procured from four major medical institutions in India. The tissues were sectioned and molecular profiling was done using immunohistochemistry (IHC), RNA in situ hybridization (RNA-ISH) and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). RESULTS ERG over-expression was detected in 48.9% (46/94) PCa specimens by IHC, which was confirmed in a subset of cases by FISH. Among other ETS family members, while ETV1 transcript was detected in one case by RNA-ISH, no alteration in ETV4 was observed. SPINK1 over-expression was observed in 12.5% (12/96) and PTEN deletion in 21.52% (17/79) of the total PCa cases. Interestingly, PTEN deletion was found in 30% of the ERG-positive cases (P = 0.017) but in only one case with SPINK1 over-expression (P = 0.67). BRAF and RAF1 gene rearrangements were detected in ∼1% and ∼4.5% of the PCa cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report on comprehensive molecular profiling of the major spectrum of the causal aberrations in Indian men with PCa. Our findings suggest that ETS gene rearrangement and SPINK1 over-expression patterns in North Indian population largely resembled those observed in Caucasian population but differed from Japanese and Chinese PCa patients. The molecular profiling data presented in this study could help in clinical decision-making for the pursuit of surgery, diagnosis, and in selection of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Ateeq
- Department of Biological Sciences and BioengineeringIndian Institute of TechnologyKanpurIndia
| | - Lakshmi P. Kunju
- Michigan Center for Translational PathologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichigan
- Department of PathologyUniversity of MichiganUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichigan
- Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Shannon L. Carskadon
- Michigan Center for Translational PathologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichigan
- Department of PathologyUniversity of MichiganUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Swaroop K. Pandey
- Department of Biological Sciences and BioengineeringIndian Institute of TechnologyKanpurIndia
| | - Geetika Singh
- Department of PathologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Immanuel Pradeep
- Department of PathologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Vini Tandon
- Digdarshika Pathology LaboratoryLucknowIndia
| | - Atin Singhai
- Department of PathologyKing George's Medical UniversityLucknowIndia
| | - Apul Goel
- Department of UrologyKing George's Medical UniversityLucknowIndia
| | - Sonal Amit
- Department of PathologyGSVM Medical CollegeKanpurIndia
| | - Asha Agarwal
- Department of PathologyGSVM Medical CollegeKanpurIndia
| | - Amit K. Dinda
- Department of PathologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Amlesh Seth
- Department of UrologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | | | - Arul M. Chinnaiyan
- Michigan Center for Translational PathologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichigan
- Department of PathologyUniversity of MichiganUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichigan
- Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichigan
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Nallasivam Palanisamy
- Michigan Center for Translational PathologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichigan
- Department of UrologyHenry Ford Health SystemDetroitMichigan
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Ravikumar L, Pradeep I, Thangaiyan T, Mohan R, Balachandran J. Synthesis, Characterization, and Conducting Properties of Poly(thiourea azomethines). INT J POLYM MATER PO 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2011.584224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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