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González-García M, Carrillo-Franco L, Morales-Luque C, Ponce-Velasco M, Gago B, Dawid-Milner MS, López-González MV. Uncovering the neural control of laryngeal activity and subglottic pressure in anaesthetized rats: insights from mesencephalic regions. Pflugers Arch 2024:10.1007/s00424-024-02976-3. [PMID: 38856775 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02976-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
To assess the possible interactions between the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray matter (dlPAG) and the different domains of the nucleus ambiguus (nA), we have examined the pattern of double-staining c-Fos/FoxP2 protein immunoreactivity (c-Fos-ir/FoxP2-ir) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) throughout the rostrocaudal extent of nA in spontaneously breathing anaesthetised male Sprague-Dawley rats during dlPAG electrical stimulation. Activation of the dlPAG elicited a selective increase in c-Fos-ir with an ipsilateral predominance in the somatas of the loose (p < 0.05) and compact formation (p < 0.01) within the nA and confirmed the expression of FoxP2 bilaterally in all the domains within the nA. A second group of experiments was made to examine the importance of the dlPAG in modulating the laryngeal response evoked after electrical or chemical (glutamate) dlPAG stimulations. Both electrical and chemical stimulations evoked a significant decrease in laryngeal resistance (subglottal pressure) (p < 0.001) accompanied with an increase in respiratory rate together with a pressor and tachycardic response. The results of our study contribute to new data on the role of the mesencephalic neuronal circuits in the control mechanisms of subglottic pressure and laryngeal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M González-García
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
- Unit of Neurophysiology of the Autonomic Nervous System (CIMES), University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
- IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.
| | - L Carrillo-Franco
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
| | - C Morales-Luque
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Ponce-Velasco
- IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - B Gago
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
| | - M S Dawid-Milner
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Unit of Neurophysiology of the Autonomic Nervous System (CIMES), University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
| | - M V López-González
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
- Unit of Neurophysiology of the Autonomic Nervous System (CIMES), University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
- IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.
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González-García M, Carrillo-Franco L, Morales-Luque C, Dawid-Milner MS, López-González MV. Central Autonomic Mechanisms Involved in the Control of Laryngeal Activity and Vocalization. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:118. [PMID: 38392336 PMCID: PMC10886357 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
In humans, speech is a complex process that requires the coordinated involvement of various components of the phonatory system, which are monitored by the central nervous system. The larynx in particular plays a crucial role, as it enables the vocal folds to meet and converts the exhaled air from our lungs into audible sounds. Voice production requires precise and sustained exhalation, which generates an air pressure/flow that creates the pressure in the glottis required for voice production. Voluntary vocal production begins in the laryngeal motor cortex (LMC), a structure found in all mammals, although the specific location in the cortex varies in humans. The LMC interfaces with various structures of the central autonomic network associated with cardiorespiratory regulation to allow the perfect coordination between breathing and vocalization. The main subcortical structure involved in this relationship is the mesencephalic periaqueductal grey matter (PAG). The PAG is the perfect link to the autonomic pontomedullary structures such as the parabrachial complex (PBc), the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus (KF), the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), and the nucleus retroambiguus (nRA), which modulate cardiovascular autonomic function activity in the vasomotor centers and respiratory activity at the level of the generators of the laryngeal-respiratory motor patterns that are essential for vocalization. These cores of autonomic structures are not only involved in the generation and modulation of cardiorespiratory responses to various stressors but also help to shape the cardiorespiratory motor patterns that are important for vocal production. Clinical studies show increased activity in the central circuits responsible for vocalization in certain speech disorders, such as spasmodic dysphonia because of laryngeal dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta González-García
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Unit of Neurophysiology of the Autonomic Nervous System (CIMES), University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Laura Carrillo-Franco
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Unit of Neurophysiology of the Autonomic Nervous System (CIMES), University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Carmen Morales-Luque
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Marc Stefan Dawid-Milner
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Unit of Neurophysiology of the Autonomic Nervous System (CIMES), University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Víctor López-González
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Unit of Neurophysiology of the Autonomic Nervous System (CIMES), University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), 29010 Málaga, Spain
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Garand KL(F, Armeson K, Hill EG, Blair J, Pearson W, Martin-Harris B. Quantifying Oropharyngeal Swallowing Impairment in Response to Bolus Viscosity. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2024; 33:460-467. [PMID: 37902448 PMCID: PMC11001168 DOI: 10.1044/2023_ajslp-23-00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility for quantifying changes in oropharyngeal swallowing impairment in response to alteration in bolus viscosity using a reliable and valid method of observational measurement-the Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile (MBSImP). METHOD This retrospective analysis included a heterogeneous cohort of 119 patients with suspected dysphagia that underwent a videofluoroscopic swallowing study as part of clinical care. Using consensus scoring, two expert clinicians assigned MBSImP scores to components related to oropharyngeal swallowing function between two bolus viscosities (thin liquid and pudding): epiglottic movement, laryngeal elevation, anterior hyoid excursion, tongue base retraction, pharyngeal stripping wave, and pharyngoesophageal segment opening (PESO). Comparisons between the two bolus viscosities were investigated for each component. RESULTS Higher (worse) scores were observed in the thin-liquid trial compared with the pudding trial for the following MBSImP components: anterior hyoid excursion (p = .03), epiglottic movement (p < .001), pharyngeal stripping wave (p < .001), and PESO (p = .002). Lower (better) scores were observed in the liquid trial compared with the pudding trial for one component-tongue base retraction (Component 15) only (p < .001). CONCLUSION These findings provide further evidence for positive influences of viscosity on the swallow mechanism, including influences of sensory feedback on the sensorimotor swallow program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kent Armeson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Elizabeth G. Hill
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Julie Blair
- Evelyn Trammell Institute for Voice and Swallowing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - William Pearson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (Anatomy), Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, AL
| | - Bonnie Martin-Harris
- Department of Communication Sciences Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
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Westermann B, Lotze M, Varra L, Versteeg N, Domin M, Nicolet L, Obrist M, Klepzig K, Marbot L, Lämmler L, Fiedler K, Wattendorf E. When laughter arrests speech: fMRI-based evidence. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210182. [PMID: 36126674 PMCID: PMC9489293 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Who has not experienced that sensation of losing the power of speech owing to an involuntary bout of laughter? An investigation of this phenomenon affords an insight into the neuronal processes that underlie laughter. In our functional magnetic resonance imaging study, participants were made to laugh by tickling in a first condition; in a second one they were requested to produce vocal utterances under the provocation of laughter by tickling. This investigation reveals increased neuronal activity in the sensorimotor cortex, the anterior cingulate gyrus, the insula, the nucleus accumbens, the hypothalamus and the periaqueductal grey for both conditions, thereby replicating the results of previous studies on ticklish laughter. However, further analysis indicates the activity in the emotion-associated regions to be lower when tickling is accompanied by voluntary vocalization. Here, a typical pattern of activation is identified, including the primary sensory cortex, a ventral area of the anterior insula and the ventral tegmental field, to which belongs to the nucleus ambiguus, namely, the common effector organ for voluntary and involuntary vocalizations. During the conflictual voluntary-vocalization versus laughter experience, the laughter-triggering network appears to rely heavily on a sensory and a deep interoceptive analysis, as well as on motor effectors in the brainstem. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Cracking the laugh code: laughter through the lens of biology, psychology and neuroscience’.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Westermann
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Lotze
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - L Varra
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - N Versteeg
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - M Domin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - L Nicolet
- College of Health Sciences Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - M Obrist
- College of Health Sciences Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - K Klepzig
- College of Health Sciences Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - L Marbot
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - L Lämmler
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - K Fiedler
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - E Wattendorf
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,College of Health Sciences Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Baby SM, Tanner LH, Discala JF, Gruber RB, Hsieh YH, Lewis SJ. Systemic Administration of Tempol, a Superoxide Dismutase Mimetic, Augments Upper Airway Muscle Activity in Obese Zucker Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:814032. [PMID: 35222029 PMCID: PMC8864283 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.814032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by repetitive partial/complete collapse of the pharynx during sleep, which results in apnea/hypopnea leading to arterial oxygen desaturations and arousals. Repetitive apnea/hypopnea-arousal episodes cause hypoxia/reoxygenation cycles, which increase free radical generation and oxidative stress that cause motor/sensory nerve impairments and muscle damage. We hypothesize that antioxidants may protect and/or reverse from oxidative stress-induced damage in OSA patients. To understand the acute protective effects of antioxidants on respiratory muscles, we studied the systemic effects of a membrane permeable superoxide dismutase mimetic, Tempol, on genioglossus (EMGGG) and diaphragmatic (EMGDIA) electro-myographic activities, hypoglossal motoneuron (HMN) nerve activity and cardiorespiratory parameters (mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate) in adult isoflurane-anesthetized obese Zucker rats (OZR) and age-matched lean Zucker rats (LZR). Tempol dose-dependently (1-100 mg/kg) increased EMGGG without changing EMGDIA in OZR and LZR. Tempol increased respiratory rate and tidal volume in OZR and LZR. Tempol (1-25 mg/kg) dose-dependently increased HMN nerve activity in healthy Sprague Dawley rats. Tempol (100 mg/kg) increased EMGGG output by 189% in OZR and 163% in LZR. With respect to mechanisms of effect, Tempol (100 mg/kg) did not augment EMGGG after bilateral HMN transection in Sprague Dawley rats. Although future studies are warranted, available data suggest that in addition to its antioxidant and antihypertensive properties, Tempol can selectively augment EMGGG through modulating HMN and this effect may prevent collapsibility and/or improve stability of the upper airway pharyngeal dilator muscles during episodes of partial and/or complete collapse of the upper airway in OSA human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhosh M Baby
- Department of Drug Discovery, Galleon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Horsham, PA, United States
| | - Lisa H Tanner
- Department of Drug Discovery, Galleon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Horsham, PA, United States
| | - Joseph F Discala
- Department of Drug Discovery, Galleon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Horsham, PA, United States
| | - Ryan B Gruber
- Department of Drug Discovery, Galleon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Horsham, PA, United States
| | - Yee-Hsee Hsieh
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Stephen J Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Ziegler A, VanSwearingen J, Jakicic JM, Verdolini Abbott K. Phonation Demonstrates Goal Dependence Under Unique Vocal Intensity and Aerobic Workload Conditions. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2019; 62:2584-2600. [PMID: 31291159 PMCID: PMC6802906 DOI: 10.1044/2019_jslhr-s-18-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study investigated whether metabolic respiratory requirements (treadmill workload) affected glottal valving in phonation, based on aerodynamic measures, when a sound pressure level (vocal SPL) is dictated as a target goal. Consistent with a theory of action, we hypothesized that adjustments in glottal valving as measured by laryngeal airway resistance would be dependent upon vocal SPL level, even as workload increased, and loud vocal SPL would interfere more with respiratory homeostasis than spontaneous vocal SPL. Method Thirty-two women enrolled who were ages 18-35 years. A repeated-measures design was used with random assignment of workload and vocal SPL conditions. Aerodynamic and acoustic data were collected during phonation, as were gas volume and concentration data. Analyses were performed with generalized estimating equations. Results Laryngeal airway resistance at a low workload significantly increased when vocal SPL changed from spontaneous to loud. At a loud vocal SPL, laryngeal airway resistance decreased when workload changed from rest to either low or high. Regarding the respiratory system response, minute ventilation increased at a loud vocal SPL when workload changed from rest to either low or high. End-tidal CO2 increased under low and high workloads relative to rest at loud and spontaneous vocal SPLs. Conclusions Mostly consistent with a theory of action, in which motor control is goal dependent (i.e., vocal SPL targets), speakers can achieve a loud vocal SPL despite increases in workload requirements. In contrast, laryngeal airway resistance stays relatively low when vocal SPL occurs spontaneously, suggesting glottal adjustments are made to improve gas exchange as metabolic respiratory requirements become prioritized. Metabolic respiratory requirements appear to be overcome by the overlay of motor control for voicing when a loud vocal SPL is targeted. The implication of goal-dependent phonation for clinicians is that real-world conditions (i.e., loud vocal SPL) matter in vocal testing and voice therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Ziegler
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | | | - John M. Jakicic
- Department of Health & Physical Activity, University of Pittsburgh, PA
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Accuracy of a Laryngopharyngeal Endoscopic Esthesiometer (LPEER) for Evaluating Laryngopharyngeal Mechanosensitivity: A Validation Study in a Prospectively Recruited Cohort of Patients. Dysphagia 2017; 33:15-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s00455-017-9826-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Reliability of a laryngo-pharyngeal esthesiometer and a method for measuring laryngo-pharyngeal mechano-sensitivity in a prospectively recruited cohort of patients. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 274:2861-2870. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-017-4536-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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The role of laryngeal electromyography in vagus nerve stimulation-related vocal fold dysmotility. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 274:1585-1589. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-016-4344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Giraldo-Cadavid LF, Agudelo-Otalora LM, Burguete J, Arbulu M, Moscoso WD, Martínez F, Ortiz AF, Diaz J, Pantoja JA, Rueda-Arango AF, Fernández S. Design, development and validation of a new laryngo-pharyngeal endoscopic esthesiometer and range-finder based on the assessment of air-pulse variability determinants. Biomed Eng Online 2016; 15:52. [PMID: 27160751 PMCID: PMC4862145 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-016-0166-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Laryngo-pharyngeal mechano-sensitivity (LPMS) is involved in dysphagia, sleep apnea, stroke, irritable larynx syndrome and cough hypersensitivity syndrome among other disorders. These conditions are associated with a wide range of airway reflex abnormalities. However, the current device for exploring LPMS is limited because it assesses only the laryngeal adductor reflex during fiber-optic endoscopic evaluations of swallowing and requires a high degree of expertise to obtain reliable results, introducing intrinsic expert variability and subjectivity. Methods We designed, developed and validated a new air-pulse laryngo-pharyngeal endoscopic esthesiometer with a built-in laser range-finder (LPEER) based on the evaluation and control of air-pulse variability determinants and on intrinsic observer variability and subjectivity determinants of the distance, angle and site of stimulus impact. The LPEER was designed to be capable of delivering precise and accurate stimuli with a wide range of intensities that can explore most laryngo-pharyngeal reflexes. Results We initially explored the potential factors affecting the reliability of LPMS tests and included these factors in a multiple linear regression model. The following factors significantly affected the precision and accuracy of the test (P < 0.001): the tube conducting the air-pulses, the supply pressure of the system, the duration of the air-pulses, and the distance and angle between the end of the tube conducting the air-pulses and the site of impact. To control all of these factors, an LPEER consisting of an air-pulse generator and an endoscopic laser range-finder was designed and manufactured. We assessed the precision and accuracy of the LPEER’s stimulus and range-finder according to the coefficient of variation (CV) and by looking at the differences between the measured properties and the desired values, and we performed a pilot validation on ten human subjects. The air-pulses and range-finder exhibited good precision and accuracy (CV < 0.06), with differences between the desired and measured properties at <3 % and a range-finder measurement error of <1 mm. The tests in patients demonstrated obtainable and reproducible thresholds for the laryngeal adductor, cough and gag reflexes. Conclusions The new LPEER was capable of delivering precise and accurate stimuli for exploring laryngo-pharyngeal reflexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F Giraldo-Cadavid
- School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Irunlarea 1, 31080, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain. .,School of Medicine, University of La Sabana, Autonorte de Bogotá, Km 7, Campus Puente del Común, Chia, 250001, Cundinamarca, Colombia.
| | - Luis Mauricio Agudelo-Otalora
- School of Engineering, University of La Sabana, Autonorte de Bogota, Km 7, Campus Puente del Común, Chia, 250001, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Javier Burguete
- School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarea 1, 31080, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Mario Arbulu
- School of Engineering, University of La Sabana, Autonorte de Bogota, Km 7, Campus Puente del Común, Chia, 250001, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - William Daniel Moscoso
- School of Engineering, University of La Sabana, Autonorte de Bogota, Km 7, Campus Puente del Común, Chia, 250001, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Fabio Martínez
- School of Engineering, University of La Sabana, Autonorte de Bogota, Km 7, Campus Puente del Común, Chia, 250001, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Andrés Felipe Ortiz
- Statistical Consulting Office, University of Santo Tomas, Carrera 9 # 51-11, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Juan Diaz
- School of Engineering, University of La Sabana, Autonorte de Bogota, Km 7, Campus Puente del Común, Chia, 250001, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Jaime A Pantoja
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, School of Medicine, University of La Sabana, Autonorte de Bogota, Km 7, Campus Puente del Comun, Chia, 250001, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Andrés Felipe Rueda-Arango
- School of Engineering, University of La Sabana, Autonorte de Bogota, Km 7, Campus Puente del Común, Chia, 250001, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Secundino Fernández
- School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Irunlarea 1, 31080, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
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Van Lierde K, Kryshtopava M, Gadeyne S, Luyten A, D'haeseleer E, Bruneel L, Van Maele G, Boehme B, Piens N, Vonck K. Impact of Vagal Nerve Stimulation on Objective Vocal Quality, a Pilot Study. J Voice 2015; 29:777.e9-15. [PMID: 25795351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) on the vocal quality using the dysphonia severity index (DSI). It was hypothesized that the objective vocal quality and other vocal characteristics are disordered in comparison with an age- and gender-matched control group. In addition, the acoustic vocal parameters were compared during three conditions: at rest, during normal stimulation, and raised stimulation. A significant relation between the amount of stimulation and the presence of disturbed acoustic parameters was hypothesized. METHODS Subjective (auditory-perceptual evaluation and voice handicap index) and objective (aerodynamic, vocal range, acoustic measurements and determination of the DSI) measurements were used to determine the vocal quality in 13 subjects with VNS in three different conditions (at rest and during normal and raised stimulation) and the age- and gender-matched control group. RESULTS The subjects with VNS had a disordered perceptual vocal quality mainly characterized by the presence of a moderate roughness and slight breathiness, and the objective vocal quality by means of the DSI value is -2.4. During stimulation and especially during raised stimulation, the fundamental frequency is significantly increased. However, the subjects experienced no psychosocial handicapping effect of the vocal quality on the quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Subjects with VNS have typical vocal characteristics. Ear, nose, and throat specialists and voice therapist must be aware of the presence of this vocal pattern at rest and during normal and raised stimulation. Especially, professional voice users and elite vocal performers must be informed before implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiane Van Lierde
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Marina Kryshtopava
- Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat and Head and Neck Surgery, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Stefanie Gadeyne
- Reference Center for Refractory Epilepsy, Department of Neurology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Anke Luyten
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Evelien D'haeseleer
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Laura Bruneel
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Beatrijs Boehme
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Nina Piens
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Kristl Vonck
- Reference Center for Refractory Epilepsy, Department of Neurology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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12
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Multiscale fingerprinting of neuronal functional connectivity. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 220:2967-82. [PMID: 25056933 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0838-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Current cellular-based connectomics approaches aim to delineate the functional or structural organizations of mammalian brain circuits through neuronal activity mapping and/or axonal tracing. To discern possible connectivity between functionally identified neurons in widely distributed brain circuits, reliable and efficient network-based approaches of cross-registering or cross-correlating such functional-structural data are essential. Here, a novel cross-correlation approach that exploits multiple timing-specific, response-specific, and cell-specific neuronal characteristics as coincident fingerprint markers at the systems, network, and cellular levels is proposed. Application of this multiscale temporal-cellular coincident fingerprinting assay to the respiratory central pattern generator network in rats revealed a descending excitatory pathway with characteristic activity pattern and projecting from a distinct neuronal population in pons to its counterparts in medulla that control the post-inspiratory phase of the respiratory rhythm important for normal breathing, airway protection, and respiratory-vocalization coordination. This enabling neurotracing approach may prove valuable for functional connectivity mapping of other brain circuits.
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Periodic botulinum toxin injections for paradoxical vocal fold motion in a child with cerebral palsy: a case study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 78:570-1. [PMID: 24485974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We describe an unusual case of paradoxical vocal fold motion in a child with cerebral palsy. Clinically, the child presented with mild stridor, which worsened over months, eventually requiring emergency intubation. After an unsuccessful trial of medical management, microlaryngoscopy revealed abnormal adduction of the vocal folds during inspiration. This was successfully treated with periodic type A botulinum toxin injections to the vocal folds, sparing the child from tracheostomy.
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The physiological significance of postinspiration in respiratory control. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2014; 212:113-30. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63488-7.00007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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The midbrain periaqueductal gray changes the eupneic respiratory rhythm into a breathing pattern necessary for survival of the individual and of the species. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2014; 212:351-84. [PMID: 25194206 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63488-7.00017-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of respiration is a prerequisite for survival of the individual and of the species. For example, respiration has to be adjusted in case of speech, strenuous exercise, laughing, crying, or sudden escape from danger. Respiratory centers in pons and medulla generate the basic respiratory rhythm or eupnea, but they cannot modulate breathing in the context of emotional challenges, for which they need input from higher brain centers. In simple terms, the prefrontal cortex integrates visual, auditory, olfactory, and somatosensory information and informs subcortical structures such as amygdala, hypothalamus, and finally the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) about the results. The PAG, in turn, generates the final motor output for basic survival, such as setting the level of all cells in the brain and spinal cord. Best known in this framework is determining the level of pain perception. The PAG also controls heart rate, blood pressure, micturition, sexual behavior, vocalization, and many other basic motor output systems. Within this context, the PAG also changes the eupneic respiratory rhythm into a breathing pattern necessary for basic survival. This review examines the latest developments regarding of how the PAG controls respiration.
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Hage SR, Gavrilov N, Salomon F, Stein AM. Temporal vocal features suggest different call-pattern generating mechanisms in mice and bats. BMC Neurosci 2013; 14:99. [PMID: 24020588 PMCID: PMC3846851 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-14-99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mice produce ultrasonic vocalizations in various inter-individual encounters and with high call rates. However, it is so far virtually unknown how these vocal patterns are generated. On the one hand, these vocal patterns could be embedded into the normal respiratory cycle, as happens in bats and other mammals that produce similar call rates and frequencies. On the other, mice could possess distinct vocal pattern generating systems that are capable of modulating the respiratory cycle, which is what happens in non-human and human primates. In the present study, we investigated the temporal call patterns of two different mammalian species, bats and mice, in order to differentiate between these two possibilities for mouse vocalizations. Our primary focus was on comparing the mechanisms for the production of rapid, successive ultrasound calls of comparable frequency ranges in the two species. Results We analyzed the temporal call pattern characteristics of mice, and we compared these characteristics to those of ultrasonic echolocation calls produced by horseshoe bats. We measured the distributions of call durations, call intervals, and inter-call intervals in the two species. In the bat, and consistent with previous studies, we found that call duration was independent of corresponding call intervals, and that it was negatively correlated with the corresponding inter-call interval. This indicates that echolocation call production mechanisms in the bat are highly correlated with the respiratory cycle. In contrast, call intervals in the mouse were directly correlated with call duration. Importantly, call duration was not, or was only slightly, correlated with inter-call intervals, consistent with the idea that vocal production in the mouse is largely independent of the respiratory cycle. Conclusions Our findings suggest that ultrasonic vocalizations in mice are produced by call-pattern generating mechanisms that seem to be similar to those that have been found in primates. This is in contrast to the production mechanisms of ultrasonic echolocation calls in horseshoe bats. These results are particularly interesting, especially since mouse vocalizations have recently attracted increased attention as potential indicators for the degree of progression of several disease patterns in mouse models for neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen R Hage
- Animal Physiology, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.
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