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Jank BJ, Schnoell J, Kladnik K, Sparr C, Haas M, Gurnhofer E, Lein AL, Brunner M, Kenner L, Kadletz-Wanke L, Heiduschka G. Targeting TGF beta receptor 1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Dis 2024; 30:1114-1127. [PMID: 37154295 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The transforming growth factor-Beta (TGF-ß) pathway may be involved in the radioresistance of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study analyzed TGF-ß receptor 1 (TGFBR1) expression in HNSCC patients and evaluated the antineoplastic and radiosensitizing effects of vactosertib, a novel TGFBR1 inhibitor, in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS TGFBR1 expression was examined in HNSCC patients at the mRNA level in silico and the protein level by immunohistochemistry, including surgical specimens of primary tumors, matched lymph node metastasis, and recurrent disease. Furthermore, a novel small molecule TGFBR1 inhibitor was evaluated in HNSCC cell lines. Finally, an indirect coculture model using patient-derived cancer-associated fibroblasts was applied to mimic the tumor microenvironment. RESULTS Patients with high TGFBR1 mRNA levels showed significantly worse overall survival in silico (OS, p = 0.024). At the protein level, an association between TGFBR1+ tumor and OS was observed for the subgroup with TGFBR1-stroma (p = 0.001). Those results prevailed in multivariable analysis. Inhibition of TGFBR1 showed antineoplastic effects in vitro. In combination with radiation, vactosertib showed synergistic effects. CONCLUSION Our results indicate a high risk of death in tumorTGFBR1+|stromaTGFBR1- expressing patients. In vitro data suggest a potential radiosensitizing effect of TGFBR1 inhibition by vactosertib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard J Jank
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Schnoell
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Kladnik
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carmen Sparr
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Haas
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Gurnhofer
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Animal Pathology Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander L Lein
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Brunner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Animal Pathology Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics, Vienna, Austria
- CBmed GmbH - Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria
| | - Lorenz Kadletz-Wanke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Heiduschka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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2
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Morozas A, Malyško-Ptašinskė V, Kulbacka J, Ivaška J, Ivaškienė T, Novickij V. Electrochemotherapy for head and neck cancers: possibilities and limitations. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1353800. [PMID: 38434679 PMCID: PMC10905418 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1353800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer continues to be among the most prevalent types of cancer globally, yet it can be managed with appropriate treatment approaches. Presently, chemotherapy and radiotherapy stand as the primary treatment modalities for various groups and regions affected by head and neck cancer. Nonetheless, these treatments are linked to adverse side effects in patients. Moreover, due to tumor resistance to multiple drugs (both intrinsic and extrinsic) and radiotherapy, along with numerous other factors, recurrences or metastases often occur. Electrochemotherapy (ECT) emerges as a clinically proven alternative that offers high efficacy, localized effect, and diminished negative factors. Electrochemotherapy involves the treatment of solid tumors by combining a non-permeable cytotoxic drug, such as bleomycin, with a locally administered pulsed electric field (PEF). It is crucial to employ this method effectively by utilizing optimal PEF protocols and drugs at concentrations that do not possess inherent cytotoxic properties. This review emphasizes an examination of diverse clinical practices of ECT concerning head and neck cancer. It specifically delves into the treatment procedure, the choice of anti-cancer drugs, pre-treatment planning, PEF protocols, and electroporation electrodes as well as the efficacy of tumor response to the treatment and encountered obstacles. We have also highlighted the significance of assessing the spatial electric field distribution in both tumor and adjacent tissues prior to treatment as it plays a pivotal role in determining treatment success. Finally, we compare the ECT methodology to conventional treatments to highlight the potential for improvement and to facilitate popularization of the technique in the area of head and neck cancers where it is not widespread yet while it is not the case with other cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnoldas Morozas
- Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, State Research Institute Centre of Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, State Research Institute Centre of Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Justinas Ivaška
- Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, State Research Institute Centre of Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Tatjana Ivaškienė
- Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, State Research Institute Centre of Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vitalij Novickij
- Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, State Research Institute Centre of Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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3
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Matic N, Pettersson L, Sellebjerg F, Lindberg L, Roberg K, Wiechec E. Prognostic value of hypoxia-responsive gene expression profile in patients diagnosed with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2024; 39:101841. [PMID: 38016355 PMCID: PMC10687700 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a disease associated with a severe mortality and high risk of distant metastasis and local recurrence. Currently, surgery and radiotherapy are the main treatment modes, however, therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy is linked to tumor resistance. Hypoxia has been shown to affect outcome of radiotherapy in HNSCC patients. The aim of this study was to verify the expression of the previously identified hypoxia-responsive genes (CA9, CASP14, LOX, GLUT3, SERPINE1, AREG, EREG, CCNB1 and KIF14) in HNSCC patient material as well as assess their prognostic potential. Tumor biopsies obtained before start of radiotherapy from 32 HNSCC patients classified as responders or non-responders were investigated in this study. The mRNA expression was quantified using RT-qPCR. The mRNA expression of CA9, SERPINE1 and KIF14 was significantly higher in the analyzed patient material compared with the non-cancerous oral tissue. Moreover, the KIF14 mRNA expression was significantly higher in the responder group compared to non-responders. Further studies demonstrated that knockdown of KIF14 reverses its radiosensitizing capability. Additionally, low expression of KIF14 mRNA correlated with significantly shorter OS (overall survival). In conclusion, our results suggest that KIF14 might be a useful prognostic and predictive marker in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Matic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology in Linköping, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Region Östergötland, Linköping 58185, Sweden
| | - Lina Pettersson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Cell Biology, Linköping University, Linköping 58185, Sweden
| | - Felicia Sellebjerg
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Cell Biology, Linköping University, Linköping 58185, Sweden
| | - Lina Lindberg
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Cell Biology, Linköping University, Linköping 58185, Sweden
| | - Karin Roberg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology in Linköping, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Region Östergötland, Linköping 58185, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Cell Biology, Linköping University, Linköping 58185, Sweden.
| | - Emilia Wiechec
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology in Linköping, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Region Östergötland, Linköping 58185, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Cell Biology, Linköping University, Linköping 58185, Sweden.
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Yang H, Howerton B, Brown L, Izumi T, Cheek D, Brandon JA, Marti F, Gedaly R, Adatorwovor R, Chapelin F. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Macrophage Response to Radiation Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5874. [PMID: 38136418 PMCID: PMC10742077 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive imaging modality which, in conjunction with biopsies, provide a qualitative assessment of tumor response to treatment. Intravenous injection of contrast agents such as fluorine (19F) nanoemulsions labels systemic macrophages, which can, then, be tracked in real time with MRI. This method can provide quantifiable insights into the behavior of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment and macrophage recruitment during therapy. METHODS Female mice received mammary fat pad injections of murine breast or colon cancer cell lines. The mice then received an intravenous 19F nanoemulsion injection, followed by a baseline 19F MRI. For each cancer model, half of the mice then received 8 Gy of localized radiation therapy (RT), while others remained untreated. The mice were monitored for two weeks for tumor growth and 9F signal using MRI. RESULTS Across both cohorts, the RT-treated groups presented significant tumor growth reduction or arrest, contrary to the untreated groups. Similarly, the fluorine signal in treated groups increased significantly as early as four days post therapy. The fluorine signal change correlated to tumor volumes irrespective of time. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the potential of 19F MRI to non-invasively track macrophages during radiation therapy and its prognostic value with regard to tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison Yang
- F. Joseph Halcomb III, M.D. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; (H.Y.); (L.B.)
| | - Brock Howerton
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Logan Brown
- F. Joseph Halcomb III, M.D. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; (H.Y.); (L.B.)
| | - Tadahide Izumi
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (T.I.); (F.M.); (R.G.)
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Dennis Cheek
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - J. Anthony Brandon
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA;
| | - Francesc Marti
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (T.I.); (F.M.); (R.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Division, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Roberto Gedaly
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (T.I.); (F.M.); (R.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Division, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Reuben Adatorwovor
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - Fanny Chapelin
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Xu X, Zhang L, Ye G, Shi J, Peng Y, Xin F, Lin Y, Wu Q, Lin X, Chen W. Hepatitis B doubly spliced protein (HBDSP) promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell apoptosis via ETS1/GATA2/YY1-mediated p53 transcription. J Virol 2023; 97:e0108723. [PMID: 37929990 PMCID: PMC10688342 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01087-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Hepatitis B virus (HBV) spliced variants are associated with viral persistence or pathogenicity. Hepatitis B doubly spliced protein (HBDSP), which has been previously reported as a pleiotropic transactivator protein, can potentially serve as an HBV virulence factor. However, the underlying mechanisms of HBDSP in HBV-associated liver diseases remain to be elucidated. In this study, we revealed that HBDSP promotes cellular apoptosis and induces wt-p53-dependent apoptotic signaling pathway in wt-p53 hepatocellular cells by transactivating p53 transcription, and increases the release of HBV progeny. Therefore, HBDSP may promote the HBV particles release through wt-p53-dependent hepatocellular apoptosis. Our findings suggest that blocking HBDSP-induced wt-p53-dependent apoptosis might have therapeutic values for chronic hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiazhen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guiying Ye
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiajian Shi
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yibin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fan Xin
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wannan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Viswanath D, Shin SH, Yoo J, Torregrosa-Allen SE, Harper HA, Cervantes HE, Elzey BD, Won YY. Radiation-induced photodynamic therapy using calcium tungstate nanoparticles and 5-aminolevulinic acid prodrug. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:6311-6324. [PMID: 37552121 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00921a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) prodrug is a clinically tried and proven treatment modality for surface-level lesions. However, its use for deep-seated tumors has been limited due to the poor penetration depth of visible light needed to activate the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PPIX), which is produced from ALA metabolism. Herein, we report the usage of poly(ethylene glycol-b-lactic acid) (PEG-PLA)-encapsulated calcium tungstate (CaWO4, CWO for short) nanoparticles (PEG-PLA/CWO NPs) as energy transducers for X-ray-activated PDT using ALA. Owing to the spectral overlap between radioluminescence afforded by the CWO core and the absorbance of PPIX, these NPs can serve as an in situ visible light activation source during radiotherapy (RT), thereby mitigating the limitation of penetration depth. We demonstrate that this effect is observed across different cell lines with varying radio-sensitivity. Importantly, both PPIX and PEG-PLA/CWO NPs exhibit no significant toxicities at therapeutic doses in the absence of radiation. To assess the efficacy of this approach, we conducted a study using a syngeneic mouse model subcutaneously implanted with inherently radio-resistant 4T1 tumors. The results show a significantly improved prognosis compared to conventional RT, even with as few as 2 fractions of 4 Gy X-rays. Taken together, these results suggest that PEG-PLA/CWO NPs are promising agents for application of ALA-PDT in deep-seated tumors, thereby significantly expanding the utility of the already established treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhushyanth Viswanath
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
| | - Sung-Ho Shin
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
| | - Jin Yoo
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
| | - Sandra E Torregrosa-Allen
- Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Haley A Harper
- Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Heidi E Cervantes
- Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Bennett D Elzey
- Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - You-Yeon Won
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
- Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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7
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Sun X, Fu S, Yuan X, Pu X, Wang R, Wang X, Lu H. RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in HNSCC: molecular mechanism and therapeutic potential. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:1209-1214. [PMID: 37221404 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00628-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma ranks seventh in incidence of malignant tumours in the world. Although there are treatments including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy, drug resistance to treatment is caused by various reasons, and the survival rate of patients remains frustrating. To overcome the bottleneck of treatment at this stage, it is urgent to identify possible diagnostic and prognostic markers. N6-methyladenosine is a methylation modification on the sixth N atom of adenine which is the most abundant epitope transcriptome modification in mammalian genes. N6-methyladenosine modification is reversible and results from the interaction among writers, erasers and readers. A large number of studies have proven that N6-methyladenosine modification has important significance in promoting the progression and treatment of tumours and have made great progress in research. In this review, we introduce how N6-methyladenosine modification promotes the occurrence and development of tumours, the mechanism of drug resistance, and new findings of N6-methyladenosine modification in radiotherapy and chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. N6-methyladenosine modification provides more possibilities for improving the overall survival rate and prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute Of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shengqiao Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute Of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute Of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xi Pu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute Of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - RunKun Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute Of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hanqiang Lu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China.
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8
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Sato K, Yoshino H, Sato Y, Nakano M, Tsuruga E. ΔNp63 Regulates Radioresistance in Human Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6262-6271. [PMID: 37623213 PMCID: PMC10453785 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45080394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is commonly used to treat head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); however, recurrence results from the development of radioresistant cancer cells. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the underlying mechanisms of radioresistance in HNSCC. Previously, we showed that the inhibition of karyopherin-β1 (KPNB1), a factor in the nuclear transport system, enhances radiation-induced cytotoxicity, specifically in HNSCC cells, and decreases the localization of SCC-specific transcription factor ΔNp63. This suggests that ΔNp63 may be a KPNB1-carrying nucleoprotein that regulates radioresistance in HNSCC. Here, we determined whether ΔNp63 is involved in the radioresistance of HNSCC cells. Cell survival was measured by a colony formation assay. Apoptosis was assessed by annexin V staining and cleaved caspase-3 expression. The results indicate that ΔNp63 knockdown decreased the survival of irradiated HNSCC cells, increased radiation-induced annexin V+ cells, and cleaved caspase-3 expression. These results show that ΔNp63 is involved in the radioresistance of HNSCC cells. We further investigated which specific karyopherin-α (KPNA) molecules, partners of KPNB1 for nuclear transport, are involved in nuclear ΔNp63 expression. The analysis of nuclear ΔNp63 protein expression suggests that KPNA1 is involved in nuclear ΔNp63 expression. Taken together, our results suggest that ΔNp63 is a KPNB1-carrying nucleoprotein that regulates radioresistance in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Sato
- Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8564, Aomori, Japan (Y.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Hironori Yoshino
- Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8564, Aomori, Japan (Y.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Yoshiaki Sato
- Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8564, Aomori, Japan (Y.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Manabu Nakano
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki 036-8564, Aomori, Japan;
| | - Eichi Tsuruga
- Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8564, Aomori, Japan (Y.S.); (E.T.)
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Silva JPN, Pinto B, Monteiro L, Silva PMA, Bousbaa H. Combination Therapy as a Promising Way to Fight Oral Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1653. [PMID: 37376101 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is a highly aggressive tumor with invasive properties that can lead to metastasis and high mortality rates. Conventional treatment strategies, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, alone or in combination, are associated with significant side effects. Currently, combination therapy has become the standard practice for the treatment of locally advanced oral cancer, emerging as an effective approach in improving outcomes. In this review, we present an in-depth analysis of the current advancements in combination therapies for oral cancer. The review explores the current therapeutic options and highlights the limitations of monotherapy approaches. It then focuses on combinatorial approaches that target microtubules, as well as various signaling pathway components implicated in oral cancer progression, namely, DNA repair players, the epidermal growth factor receptor, cyclin-dependent kinases, epigenetic readers, and immune checkpoint proteins. The review discusses the rationale behind combining different agents and examines the preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the effectiveness of these combinations, emphasizing their ability to enhance treatment response and overcome drug resistance. Challenges and limitations associated with combination therapy are discussed, including potential toxicity and the need for personalized treatment approaches. A future perspective is also provided to highlight the existing challenges and possible resolutions toward the clinical translation of current oral cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P N Silva
- UNIPRO-Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Pinto
- UNIPRO-Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Luís Monteiro
- UNIPRO-Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia M A Silva
- UNIPRO-Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- TOXRUN-Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Hassan Bousbaa
- UNIPRO-Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
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10
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Lin C, Chen Y, Pan J, Lu Q, Ji P, Lin S, Liu C, Lin S, Li M, Zong J. Identification of an individualized therapy prognostic signature for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:221. [PMID: 37106442 PMCID: PMC10142243 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09325-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are the most common cancers in the head and neck. Therapeutic response-related genes (TRRGs) are closely associated with carcinogenesis and prognosis in HNSCC. However, the clinical value and prognostic significance of TRRGs are still unclear. We aimed to construct a prognostic risk model to predict therapy response and prognosis in TRRGs-defined subgroups of HNSCC. METHODS The multiomics data and clinical information of HNSCC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The profile data GSE65858 and GSE67614 chip was downloaded from public functional genomics data Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Based on TCGA-HNSC database, patients were divided into a remission group and a non-remission group according to therapy response, and differentially expressed TRRGs between those two groups were screened. Using Cox regression analysis and Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis, candidate TRRGs that can predict the prognosis of HNSCC were identified and used to construct a TRRGs-based signature and a prognostic nomogram. RESULT A total of 1896 differentially expressed TRRGs were screened, including 1530 upregulated genes and 366 downregulated genes. Then, 206 differently expressed TRRGs that was significantly associated with the survival were chosen using univariate Cox regression analysis. Finally, a total of 20 candidate TRRGs genes were identified by LASSO analysis to establish a signature for risk prediction, and the risk score of each patient was calculated. Patients were divided into a high-risk group (Risk-H) and a low-risk group (Risk-L) based on the risk score. Results showed that the Risk-L patients had better overall survival (OS) than Risk-H patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed great predictive performance for 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS in TCGA-HNSC and GEO databases. Moreover, for patients treated with post-operative radiotherapy, Risk-L patients had longer OS and lower recurrence than Risk-H patients. The nomogram involves risk score and other clinical factors had good performance in predicting survival probability. CONCLUSIONS The proposed risk prognostic signature and Nomogram based on TRRGs are novel promising tools for predicting therapy response and overall survival in HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yuebing Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jianji Pan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qiongjiao Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, China
| | - Pengjie Ji
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shuiqin Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chunfeng Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shaojun Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, China
| | - Meifang Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350300, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Jingfeng Zong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, China.
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11
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Lang L, Chen F, Li Y, Shay C, Yang F, Dan H, Chen ZG, Saba NF, Teng Y. Adaptive c-Met-PLXDC2 Signaling Axis Mediates Cancer Stem Cell Plasticity to Confer Radioresistance-associated Aggressiveness in Head and Neck Cancer. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:659-671. [PMID: 37089864 PMCID: PMC10114932 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy plays an essential role in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), yet radioresistance remains a major barrier to therapeutic efficacy. A better understanding of the predominant pathways determining radiotherapy response could help develop mechanism-informed therapies to improve cancer management. Here we report that radioresistant HNSCC cells exhibit increased tumor aggressiveness. Using unbiased proteome profiler antibody arrays, we identify that upregulation of c-Met phosphorylation is one of the critical mechanisms for radioresistance in HNSCC cells. We further uncover that radioresistance-associated HNSCC aggressiveness is effectively exacerbated by c-Met but is suppressed by its genetic knockdown and pharmacologic inactivation. Mechanistically, the resulting upregulation of c-Met promotes elevated expression of plexin domain containing 2 (PLXDC2) through activating ERK1/2-ELK1 signaling, which in turn modulates cancer cell plasticity by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induction and enrichment of the cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulation, leading to resistance of HNSCC cells to radiotherapy. Depletion of PLXDC2 overcomes c-Met-mediated radioresistance through reversing the EMT progress and blunting the self-renewal capacity of CSCs. Therapeutically, the addition of SU11274, a selective and potent c-Met inhibitor, to radiation induces tumor shrinkage and limits tumor metastasis to lymph nodes in an orthotopic mouse model. Collectively, these significant findings not only demonstrate a novel mechanism underpinning radioresistance-associated aggressiveness but also provide a possible therapeutic strategy to target radioresistance in patients with HNSCC. Significance This work provides novel insights into c-Met-PLXDC2 signaling in radioresistance-associated aggressiveness and suggests a new mechanism-informed therapeutic strategy to overcome failure of radiotherapy in patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Lang
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Fanghui Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yamin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Chloe Shay
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory, University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hancai Dan
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zhuo G Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nabil F Saba
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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12
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Hyytiäinen A, Mroueh R, Peltonen J, Wennerstrand P, Mäkitie A, Al-Samadi A, Ventelä S, Salo T. Prognostic histological markers in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with (chemo)radiotherapy. APMIS 2023; 131:142-151. [PMID: 36695633 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) frequently includes surgery with postoperative radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Resistance to RT or CRT remains a major clinical challenge and highlights the need to identify predictive markers for it. We included 71 OTSCC patients treated with surgery combined with RT or CRT. We evaluated the association between tumor budding, tumor-stroma ratio (TSR), depth of invasion (DOI), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) expression, octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) expression, high-endothelial venules (HEVs), and disease-free survival (DFS) using uni- and multivariate analyses. No significant association was observed between the different histological and molecular markers (TSR, DOI, TILs, HEV, HIF-1alph, OCT4) and DFS. However, an associative trend between DOI, budding, and DFS was noted. Further studies with larger cohorts are needed to explore the prognostic value of DOI and budding for OTSCC patients treated with postoperative RT or CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aini Hyytiäinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rayan Mroueh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer and Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Peltonen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia Wennerstrand
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ahmed Al-Samadi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sami Ventelä
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Department for Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,FICAN West Cancer Centre, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuula Salo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital (HUS), Helsinki, Finland
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13
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Predicting tumour radiosensitivity to deliver precision radiotherapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2023; 20:83-98. [PMID: 36477705 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-022-00709-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Owing to advances in radiotherapy, the physical properties of radiation can be optimized to enable individualized treatment; however, optimization is rarely based on biological properties and, therefore, treatments are generally planned with the assumption that all tumours respond similarly to radiation. Radiation affects multiple cellular pathways, including DNA damage, hypoxia, proliferation, stem cell phenotype and immune response. In this Review, we summarize the effect of these pathways on tumour responses to radiotherapy and the current state of research on genomic classifiers designed to exploit these variations to inform treatment decisions. We also discuss whether advances in genomics have generated evidence that could be practice changing and whether advances in genomics are now ready to be used to guide the delivery of radiotherapy alone or in combination.
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14
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Mireștean CC, Iancu RI, Iancu DPT. p53 Modulates Radiosensitivity in Head and Neck Cancers-From Classic to Future Horizons. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12123052. [PMID: 36553058 PMCID: PMC9777383 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
p53, initially considered a tumor suppressor, has been the subject of research related to cancer treatment resistance in the last 30 years. The unfavorable response to multimodal therapy and the higher recurrence rate, despite an aggressive approach, make HNSCC a research topic of interest for improving therapeutic outcomes, even if it is only the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. New advances in molecular biology and genetics include the involvement of miRNA in the control of the p53 pathway, the understanding of mechanisms such as gain/loss of function, and the development of different methods to restore p53 function, especially for HPV-negative cases. The different ratio between mutant p53 status in the primary tumor and distant metastasis originating HNSCC may serve to select the best therapeutic target for activating an abscopal effect by radiotherapy as a "booster" of the immune system. P53 may also be a key player in choosing radiotherapy fractionation regimens. Targeting any pathway involving p53, including tumor metabolism, in particular the Warburg effect, could modulate the radiosensitivity and chemo-sensitivity of head and neck cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camil Ciprian Mireștean
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Surgery, Railways Clinical Hospital Iasi, 700506 Iași, Romania
| | - Roxana Irina Iancu
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, “St. Spiridon” Emergency Universitary Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-232-301-603
| | - Dragoș Petru Teodor Iancu
- Oncology and Radiotherapy Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iași, Romania
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15
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A Four-Gene Signature Associated with Radioresistance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Identified by Text Mining and Data Analysis. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5693806. [PMID: 36203528 PMCID: PMC9532131 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5693806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth leading cancer globally, and radiotherapy plays a crucial part in its treatment. This study was designed to identify potential genes related to radiation resistance in HNSCC. Method We first used text mining to obtain common genes related to radiotherapy resistance and HNSCC in published articles. Functional enrichment analyses were conducted to identify the significantly enriched pathways and genes. Protein and protein interactions were performed, and the most significant gene modules were determined; then, genes in the gene modules were validated at transcriptional levels and overall survival. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) score was calculated, and the association between GSVA score and survival/pathway was estimated. Immune cell infiltration, methylation, and genetic alteration analysis of these genes was conducted in HNSCC patients. Finally, potential sensitive anticancer drugs related to target genes were obtained. Result We identified 583 common genes through text mining. After further validation, a four-gene signature (EPHB2, SPP1, SERPINE1, and VEGFC) was constructed. The patients with higher GSVA scores have a worse prognosis than those with lower GSVA scores. Differences in methylation of these four genes in HNSCC tumor tissue and normal tissue were compared, with higher methylation levels of EBPH2 and SPP1 in normal tissue and higher methylation levels of SERPINE1 in the tumor. Immune cell infiltration revealed that the increased expression of these genes was closely related to the infiltration level of CD4+ T cell, neutrophil, macrophage, and dendritic cell. Thirty drugs, including 22 positively and eight negatively correlated drugs that most correlated with related genes, were available for treating HNSCC. Conclusion In this study, we identified four potential genes as well as corresponding drugs that might be related to radioresistance in HNSCC patients. These candidate genes may provide a promising avenue to further elevate radiotherapy efficacy.
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16
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Tang X, Tang Q, Yang X, Xiao ZA, Zhu G, Yang T, Yang Q, Zhang Y, Li S. FN1 promotes prognosis and radioresistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: From radioresistant HNSCC cell line to integrated bioinformatics methods. Front Genet 2022; 13:1017762. [PMID: 36212151 PMCID: PMC9533212 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1017762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Radioresistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients means response failure to current treatment. In order to screen radioresistant biomarkers and mechanisms associated with HNSCC, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with radioresistance in HNSCC were investigated. Methods: The HNSCC cell line with radioresistance, Hep2-R, was established and detected the radiosensitivity using MTT, colony formation assay and flow cytometry analysis. Clariom™ D chip was applied to compare DEGs between Hep2 and Hep2-R groups and build the differential gene expression profiles associated with radioresistance in HNSCC. Bioinformatic analysis were used to find biological functions and pathways that related to radioresistance in HNSCC, including cell adhesion, cytochrome P450 and drug metabolism. Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets were selected to verify DEGs between HNSCC radioresistant cells and tissues. The representation of DEGs were validated between HNSCC patients with complete response and post-operative radiation therapy failure. In addition, we evaluated the clinical prognosis of DEGs using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Results: 2,360 DEGs (|Fold Change|>1.5, p < 0.05) were identified between Hep2 and Hep2-R, including 1,144 upregulated DEGs and 1,216 downregulated DEGs. They were further verified by HNSCC radioresistant cells and tissues in GEO. 13 radioresistant DEGs showed same difference in expression level between cells and tissues. By comparing 13 DEGs with HNSCC patients, upregulations of FN1, SOX4 and ETV5 were found identical with above results. Only FN1 was a prognostic indicator of HNSCC in TCGA. Conclusion: FN1 is the potential novel biomarker for predicting poor prognosis and radioresistance in HNSCC patients. Overexpression of FN1 plays an important role in the tumorigenesis, prognosis and radioresistance of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ying Zhang
- *Correspondence: Ying Zhang, ; Shisheng Li,
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17
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Roy A, Bera S, Saso L, Dwarakanath BS. Role of autophagy in tumor response to radiation: Implications for improving radiotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:957373. [PMID: 36172166 PMCID: PMC9510974 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.957373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved, lysosome-involved cellular process that facilitates the recycling of damaged macromolecules, cellular structures, and organelles, thereby generating precursors for macromolecular biosynthesis through the salvage pathway. It plays an important role in mediating biological responses toward various stress, including those caused by ionizing radiation at the cellular, tissue, and systemic levels thereby implying an instrumental role in shaping the tumor responses to radiotherapy. While a successful execution of autophagy appears to facilitate cell survival, abortive or interruptions in the completion of autophagy drive cell death in a context-dependent manner. Pre-clinical studies establishing its ubiquitous role in cells and tissues, and the systemic response to focal irradiation of tumors have prompted the initiation of clinical trials using pharmacologic modifiers of autophagy for enhancing the efficacy of radiotherapy. However, the outcome from the Phase I/II trials in many human malignancies has so far been equivocal. Such observations have not only precluded the advancement of these autophagy modifiers in the Phase III trial but have also raised concerns regarding their introduction as an adjuvant to radiotherapy. This warrants a thorough understanding of the biology of the cancer cells, including its spatio-temporal context, as well as its microenvironment all of which might be the crucial factors that determine the success of an autophagy modifier as an anticancer agent. This review captures the current understanding of the interplay between radiation induced autophagy and the biological responses to radiation damage as well as provides insight into the potentials and limitations of targeting autophagy for improving the radiotherapy of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Academy Degree College (Autonomous), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- *Correspondence: Amrita Roy, ; ; Soumen Bera, ; ; Bilikere S. Dwarakanath, ;
| | - Soumen Bera
- B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Amrita Roy, ; ; Soumen Bera, ; ; Bilikere S. Dwarakanath, ;
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Bilikere S. Dwarakanath
- Central Research Facility, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research Institute, Chennai, India
- *Correspondence: Amrita Roy, ; ; Soumen Bera, ; ; Bilikere S. Dwarakanath, ;
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Oral Papillomatosis: Its Relation with Human Papilloma Virus Infection and Local Immunity—An Update. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58081103. [PMID: 36013570 PMCID: PMC9415166 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58081103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral papilloma lesions may appear as a result of HPV infection, or not, and only special molecular methods could differentiate them. Low-risk and high-risk HPV types could induce oral HPV papillomatosis with different natural evolution, clearance and persistence mechanisms. The pathogenic mechanisms are based on the crosstalk between the oral epithelial and immune cells and this very efficient virus. HPV acts as a direct inducer in the process of transforming a benign lesion into a malignant one, the cancerization process being also debated in this paper. According to the degree of malignity, three types of papillomatous lesions can be described in the oral cavity: benign lesions, potential malign disorders and malignant lesions. The precise molecular diagnostic is important to identify the presence of various virus types and also the virus products responsible for its oncogenicity. An accurate diagnostic of oral papilloma can be established through a good knowledge of etiological and epidemiological factors, clinical examination and laboratory tests. This review intends to update the pathogenic mechanisms driving the macroscopic and histological features of oral papillomatosis having HPV infection as the main etiological factor, focusing on its interreference in the local immunity. In the absence of an accurate molecular diagnostic and knowledge of local immunological conditions, the therapeutic strategy could be difficult to decide.
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The radiosensitizing effect of β-Thujaplicin, a tropolone derivative inducing S-phase cell cycle arrest, in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma-derived cell lines. Invest New Drugs 2022; 40:700-708. [PMID: 35412173 PMCID: PMC9288374 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-022-01229-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Resistance to radiotherapy is a common cause of treatment failure in advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). ß-Thujaplicin, a natural tropolone derivative, acts as an anti-cancer agent and has recently been shown to radiosensitize non-HNSCC cancer cells. However, no data is currently available on its radiosensitizing potential in HNSCC. Methods To investigate the effect of ß-Thujaplicin and irradiation in HNSCC cell lines CAL27 and FADU, we performed a cell viability assay, colony forming assay, flow cytometry for cell cycle analysis and a wound healing assay. Drug-irradiation interaction was analyzed using a zero-interaction potency model. Results Treatment with ß-Thujaplicin led to a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability and enhanced the effect of irradiation. Clonogenic survival was inhibited with synergistic drug-irradiation interaction. ß-Thujaplicin further led to S-phase arrest and increased the sub-G1 population. Moreover, combined ß-Thujaplicin and irradiation treatment had a higher anti-migratory effect compared to irradiation alone. Conclusions ß-Thujaplicin acts as a radiosensitizer in HNSCC cell lines. Further evaluation of its use in HNSCC therapy is warranted.
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Wiechec E, Matic N, Ali A, Roberg K. Hypoxia induces radioresistance, epithelial‑mesenchymal transition, cancer stem cell‑like phenotype and changes in genes possessing multiple biological functions in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2022; 47:58. [PMID: 35059742 PMCID: PMC8808704 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia has been linked with increased resistance to treatment in various solid tumors, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The aim of the present study was to identify genes involved in hypoxia‑mediated responses to radiotherapy in HNSCC. A total of three HNSCC cell lines with an epithelial phenotype were selected for this study and cultured under normoxic (21% O2) or hypoxic (1% O2) conditions. The sensitivity of the HNSCC cells to radiotherapy was assessed by a crystal violet assay. Western blotting (for protein expression), cDNA microarrays and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR (for gene expression) were also applied. Small interfering RNA silencing was used to knock down target genes. The results revealed that hypoxia negatively affected the response of HNSCC cells to radiotherapy. Of note, increased levels of N‑cadherin, vimentin and fibronectin, as well as stem cell‑associated transcription factors, were observed under hypoxia. The microarray analysis revealed a number of hypoxia‑regulated genes that were involved in multiple biological functions. However, downregulation of hypoxia‑regulated genes did not affect sensitivity to radiotherapy of the investigated cell lines. Taken together, the present findings indicated several important pathways and genes that were involved in hypoxia and radiotherapy resistance. It is hypothesized that panels of reported hypoxia‑regulated genes may be useful for the prediction of radiotherapy responses in patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Wiechec
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Cell Biology, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Natasa Matic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology in Linköping, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Region Östergötland, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ashfaq Ali
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory; Department of Immune Technology, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Roberg
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Cell Biology, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
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Radiosensitizing effect of galunisertib, a TGF-ß receptor I inhibitor, on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro. Invest New Drugs 2022; 40:478-486. [PMID: 34985593 PMCID: PMC9098568 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background. Resistance to radiation therapy poses a major clinical problem for patients suffering from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Transforming growth factor ß (TGF-ß) has emerged as a potential target. This study aimed to investigate the radiosensitizing effect of galunisertib, a small molecule TGF-ß receptor kinase I inhibitor, on HNSCC cells in vitro. Methods. Three HNSCC cell lines were treated with galunisertib alone, or in combination with radiation. Of those three cell lines, one has a known inactivating mutation of the TGF-ß pathway (Cal27), one has a TGF-ß pathway deficiency (FaDu) and one has no known alteration (SCC-25). The effect on metabolic activity was evaluated by a resazurin-based reduction assay. Cell migration was evaluated by wound-healing assay, clonogenic survival by colony formation assay and cell cycle by FACS analysis. Results. Galunisertib reduced metabolic activity in FaDu, increased in SCC-25 and had no effect on CAL27. Migration was significantly reduced by galunisertib in all three cell lines and showed additive effects in combination with radiation in CAL27 and SCC-25. Colony-forming capabilities were reduced in SCC-25 by galunisertib and also showed an additive effect with adjuvant radiation treatment. Cell cycle analysis showed a reduction of cells in G1 phase in response to galunisertib treatment. Conclusion. Our results indicate a potential antineoplastic effect of galunisertib in HNSCC with intact TGF-ß signaling in combination with radiation.
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Sun Z, Sun X, Chen Z, Du J, Wu Y. Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Risk Factors, Molecular Alterations, Immunology and Peptide Vaccines. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021; 28:19. [PMID: 34903958 PMCID: PMC8653808 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10334-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) arises from the epithelial lining of the oral cavity, hypopharynx, oropharynx, and larynx. There are several potential risk factors that cause the generation of HNSCC, including cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, betel quid chewing, inadequate nutrition, poor oral hygiene, HPV and Epstein–Barr virus, and Candida albicans infections. HNSCC has causative links to both environmental factors and genetic mutations, with the latter playing a more critical role in cancer progression. These molecular changes to epithelial cells include the inactivation of cancer suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes overexpression, resulting in tumour cell proliferation and distant metastasis. HNSCC patients have impaired dendritic cell (DC) and natural killer (NK) cell functions, increased production of higher immune-suppressive molecules, loss of regulatory T cells and co-stimulatory molecules and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ι molecules, lower number of lymphocyte subsets, and a poor response to antigen-presenting cells. At present, the standard treatment modalities for HNSCC patients include surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and combinatorial therapy. Despite advances in the development of novel treatment modalities over the last few decades, survival rates of HNSCC patients have not increased. To establish effective immunotherapies, a greater understanding of interactions between the immune system and HNSCC is required, and there is a particular need to develop novel therapeutic options. A therapeutic cancer vaccine has been proposed as a promising method to improve outcome by inducing a powerful adaptive immune response that leads to cancer cell elimination. Compared with other vaccines, peptide cancer vaccines are more robust and specific. In the past few years, there have been remarkable achievements in peptide-based vaccines for HNSCC patients. Here, we summarize the latest molecular alterations in HNSCC, explore the immune response to HNSCC, and discuss the latest developments in peptide-based cancer vaccine strategies. This review highlights areas for valuable future research focusing on peptide-based cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Endodontics, Gaoxin Branch of Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250000 China
| | - Zhanwei Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China
| | - Yihua Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China
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23
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León X, García J, Farré N, Majercakova K, Avilés-Jurado FX, Quer M, Camacho M. Predictive capacity of IL-8 expression in head and neck squamous carcinoma patients treated with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2021; 72:337-343. [PMID: 34844671 DOI: 10.1016/j.otoeng.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the relationship between the transcriptional expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and response to treatment with radiotherapy or chemo-radiotherapy in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). MATERIAL AND METHODS Retrospective study from tumour biopsies obtained before a treatment with radiotherapy or chemo-radiotherapy in 87 patients with SCCHN. We had a sample of healthy mucosa in 35 cases. We determined the transcriptional expression of IL-8 with RT-PCR. The transcriptional expression of IL-8 was categorized according to the local control of the disease with a recursive partitioning analysis. RESULTS The transcriptional expression of IL-8 in tumour tissue was about 50 times higher than that in the samples of healthy mucosa. Patients with a high transcriptional expression of IL-8 (n = 56) had a 5-year local recurrence-free survival of 65.6%, and for patients with low expression (n = 31) it was 90.2% (P = 0.017). According to the results of a multivariate analysis, patients with high expression of IL-8 had a 4.1 higher risk of local recurrence of the tumour. CONCLUSIONS SCCHN have a significant increase in transcriptional expression of IL-8 in relation to non-tumour tissue. Tumours with high IL-8 expression have an increased risk of local recurrence after treatment with radiotherapy or chemo-radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier León
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jacinto García
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Farré
- Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katarina Majercakova
- Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc-Xavier Avilés-Jurado
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR), Generalitat de Catalunya. 2017-SGR-01581, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miquel Quer
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Camacho
- Genomics of Complex Diseases, Research Institute Hospital Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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24
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OncomiR miR-182-5p Enhances Radiosensitivity by Inhibiting the Radiation-Induced Antioxidant Effect through SESN2 in Head and Neck Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111808. [PMID: 34829679 PMCID: PMC8614815 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is routinely used for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the therapeutic efficacy is usually reduced by acquired radioresistance and locoregional recurrence. In this study, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) analysis showed that radiotherapy upregulated the miR-182/96/183 cluster and that miR-182 was the most significantly upregulated. Overexpression of miR-182-5p enhanced the radiosensitivity of HNSCC cells by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, suggesting that expression of the miR-182 family is beneficial for radiotherapy. By intersecting the gene targeting results from three microRNA target prediction databases, we noticed that sestrin2 (SESN2), a molecule resistant to oxidative stress, was involved in 91 genes predicted in all three databases to be directly recognized by miR-182-5p. Knockdown of SESN2 enhanced radiation-induced ROS and cytotoxicity in HNSCC cells. In addition, the radiation-induced expression of SESN2 was repressed by overexpression of miR-182-5p. Reciprocal expression of the miR-182-5p and SESN2 genes was also analyzed in the TCGA database, and a high expression of miR-182-5p combined with a low expression of SESN2 was associated with a better survival rate in patients receiving radiotherapy. Taken together, the current data suggest that miR-182-5p may regulate radiation-induced antioxidant effects and mediate the efficacy of radiotherapy.
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25
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The genomic landscape of lung adenocarcinoma—insights towards personalized medicine. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL SCIENCE ACADEMY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s43538-021-00054-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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TP53 mutants and non-HPV16/18 genotypes are poor prognostic factors for concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19261. [PMID: 34584128 PMCID: PMC8478905 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98527-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted sequencing for somatic mutations across the hotspots of 50 cancer-related genes was performed using biopsy specimens to investigate whether clinicopathological factors and genomic alterations correlated with prognosis in locally advanced cervical cancer. Seventy patients diagnosed with International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) stage III to IVA cervical cancer underwent radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy at the National Cancer Center Hospital between January 2008 and December 2017. Mutations were detected in 47 of 70 [67% of cases; frequency of genetic alterations was as follows: PIK3CA (51%), FBXW7 (10%), PTEN (7.1%), and TP53 (5.7%)]. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets showed a similar distribution of somatic mutations, but PIK3CA mutation frequency was significantly higher in our cohort than in TCGA datasets (P = 0.028). Patients with TP53 mutation were significantly related to poor progression-free survival (PFS) (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.53, P = 0.042). Patients with tumor diameters > 70 mm were associated with poor prognosis (HR = 2.96, P = 0.0048). Patients with non-HPV16/18 genotypes had worse prognosis than those with HPV16/18 genotypes (HR = 2.15, P = 0.030). Hence, patients with locally advanced cervical cancer, TP53 mutation, large tumor diameter, and non-HPV16/18 genotype were independently correlated with poor PFS, despite concurrent chemoradiotherapy.
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27
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Routila J, Suvila K, Grénman R, Leivo I, Westermarck J, Ventelä S. Cancer cell line microarray as a novel screening method for identification of radioresistance biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:868. [PMID: 34320941 PMCID: PMC8320194 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08618-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, no clinically useful biomarkers for radioresistance are available in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study assesses the usefulness of Cell Line Microarray (CMA) method to enhance immunohistochemical screening of potential immunohistochemical biomarkers for radioresistance in HNSCC cell lines. Methods Twenty-nine HNSCC cell lines were cultured, cell pellets formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, and arrayed. Radioresistance features of the cell lines were combined to immunohistochemical stains for p53, NDFIP1, EGFR, stem cell marker Oct4, and PP2A inhibitor CIP2A. Results Expression of p53, EGFR or CIP2A did not indicate intrinsic radioresistance in vitro. Stem cell marker Oct4 nuclear positivity and NDFIP1 nuclear positivity was correlated with increased intrinsic radioresistance. Conclusion The usefulness of CMA in analysis of HNSCC cell lines and discovery of biomarkers is demonstrated. CMA is very well adapted to both testing of antibodies in a large panel of cell lines as well as correlating staining results with other cell line characteristics. In addition, CMA-based antibody screening proved an efficient and relatively simple method to identify potential radioresistance biomarkers in HNSCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08618-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Routila
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi university, Turku, Finland.,Department for Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521, Turku, Finland.,Department for Otorhinolaryngology, Satakunta Central Hospital, Pori, Finland
| | - Karri Suvila
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi university, Turku, Finland
| | - Reidar Grénman
- Department for Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilmo Leivo
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Westermarck
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi university, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Sami Ventelä
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi university, Turku, Finland. .,Department for Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521, Turku, Finland. .,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland.
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28
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Mehterov N, Kazakova M, Sbirkov Y, Vladimirov B, Belev N, Yaneva G, Todorova K, Hayrabedyan S, Sarafian V. Alternative RNA Splicing-The Trojan Horse of Cancer Cells in Chemotherapy. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071085. [PMID: 34356101 PMCID: PMC8306420 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost all transcribed human genes undergo alternative RNA splicing, which increases the diversity of the coding and non-coding cellular landscape. The resultant gene products might have distinctly different and, in some cases, even opposite functions. Therefore, the abnormal regulation of alternative splicing plays a crucial role in malignant transformation, development, and progression, a fact supported by the distinct splicing profiles identified in both healthy and tumor cells. Drug resistance, resulting in treatment failure, still remains a major challenge for current cancer therapy. Furthermore, tumor cells often take advantage of aberrant RNA splicing to overcome the toxicity of the administered chemotherapeutic agents. Thus, deciphering the alternative RNA splicing variants in tumor cells would provide opportunities for designing novel therapeutics combating cancer more efficiently. In the present review, we provide a comprehensive outline of the recent findings in alternative splicing in the most common neoplasms, including lung, breast, prostate, head and neck, glioma, colon, and blood malignancies. Molecular mechanisms developed by cancer cells to promote oncogenesis as well as to evade anticancer drug treatment and the subsequent chemotherapy failure are also discussed. Taken together, these findings offer novel opportunities for future studies and the development of targeted therapy for cancer-specific splicing variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Mehterov
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (N.M.); (M.K.); (Y.S.)
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Kazakova
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (N.M.); (M.K.); (Y.S.)
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Yordan Sbirkov
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (N.M.); (M.K.); (Y.S.)
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Boyan Vladimirov
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Nikolay Belev
- Medical Simulation and Training Center, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Galina Yaneva
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria;
| | - Krassimira Todorova
- Laboratory of Reproductive OMICs Technologies, Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.T.); (S.H.)
| | - Soren Hayrabedyan
- Laboratory of Reproductive OMICs Technologies, Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.T.); (S.H.)
| | - Victoria Sarafian
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (N.M.); (M.K.); (Y.S.)
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +359-882-512-952
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29
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Xia H, Huang Z, Liu S, Zhao X, He R, Wang Z, Shi W, Chen W, Li Z, Yu L, Huang P, Kang P, Su Z, Xu Y, Yam JWP, Cui Y. LncRNA DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 5: A crucial regulator in malignant tumors. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111889. [PMID: 34323697 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), a subgroup of ncRNA with a length of more than 200 nt without protein coding function, has been recognized by the academia for its mediating effects of dysregulated expression on the tumorigenesis and development of a variety of tumors. LncRNA DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 5 (DGCR5), originally found to induce DiGeorge syndrome, has been confirmed to be extremely dysregulated in multiple tumors, which mediates the malignant phenotypes of hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, etc. through the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin, MEK/ERK1/2 and other cancerous signaling pathways as a molecular sponge. Researches on the cancerous derivation-related pathways involved in DGCR5 can provide potential molecular intervention targets for tumor precision treatment. Moreover, liquid biopsy based on the detection of DGCR5 in body fluids is also expected to provide a non-invasive evaluation method for the early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Xia
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ziyue Huang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuqiang Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Risheng He
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhongrui Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wenguang Shi
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wangming Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhizhou Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China; The key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China; The key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Pengcheng Kang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhilei Su
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China; The key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China; Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong.
| | - Judy Wai Ping Yam
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong.
| | - Yunfu Cui
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China.
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30
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You GR, Chang JT, Li YL, Chen YJ, Huang YC, Fan KH, Chen YC, Kang CJ, Cheng AJ. Molecular Interplays Between Cell Invasion and Radioresistance That Lead to Poor Prognosis in Head-Neck Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:681717. [PMID: 34307149 PMCID: PMC8299304 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.681717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer metastasis and recurrence after radiotherapy are the significant causes of poor prognosis in head-neck cancer (HNC). Clinically, it is commonly found that patients with either condition may accompany the outcome of the other. We hypothesized that HNC cells might exhibit a cross-phenotypic attribute between cell invasion and radioresistance. To discover effective biomarkers for the intervention of aggressive cancer at one time, the potential molecules that interplay between these two phenotypes were investigated. Materials and Methods Three isogenic HNC cell sublines with high invasion or radioresistance properties were established. Transcriptomic and bioinformatic methods were used to globally assess the phenotypic-specific genes, functional pathways, and co-regulatory hub molecules. The associations of gene expressions with patient survival were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier plotter, a web-based tool, using the HNSCC dataset (n=500). The molecular and cellular techniques, including RT-qPCR, flow cytometry, cell invasion assay, and clonogenic survival assay, were applied. Results The phenotypic crosstalk between cell invasion and radioresistance was validated, as shown by the existence of mutual properties in each HNC subline. A total of 695 genes was identified in associations with these two phenotypes, including 349 upregulated and 346 downregulated in HNC cells. The focal adhesion mechanism showed the most significant pathway to co-regulate these functions. In the analysis of 20 up-regulatory genes, a general portrait of correlative expression was found between these phenotypic cells (r=0.513, p=0.021), and nine molecules exhibited significant associations with poor prognosis in HNC patients (HR>1, p<0.050). Three hub genes were identified (ITGA6, TGFB1, and NDRG1) that represented a signature of interplayed molecules contributing to cell invasion, radioresistance and leading to poor prognosis. The ITGA6 was demonstrated as a prominent biomarker. The expression of ITGA6 correlated with the levels of several extracellular and apoptotic/anti-apoptotic molecules. Functionally, silencing ITGA6 suppressed cell migration, invasion, and attenuated radioresistance in HNC cells. Conclusions A panel of interplay molecules was identified that contribute to cell invasion and radioresistance, leading to poor prognosis. These panel molecules, such as ITGA6, may serve as predictive markers of radioresistance, prognostic markers of metastasis, and molecular therapeutic targets for refractory HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Rung You
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Joseph T Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Liang Li
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Ju Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Huang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Hsing Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chao Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jan Kang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-LinKou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Joy Cheng
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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31
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Kuchur OA, Kuzmina DO, Dukhinova MS, Shtil AA. The p53 Protein Family in the Response of Tumor Cells to Ionizing Radiation: Problem Development. Acta Naturae 2021; 13:65-76. [PMID: 34707898 PMCID: PMC8526179 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival mechanisms are activated in tumor cells in response to therapeutic ionizing radiation. This reduces a treatment's effectiveness. The p53, p63, and p73 proteins belonging to the family of proteins that regulate the numerous pathways of intracellular signal transduction play a key role in the development of radioresistance. This review analyzes the p53-dependent and p53-independent mechanisms involved in overcoming the resistance of tumor cells to radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. A. Kuchur
- ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, 191002 Russia
| | | | | | - A. A. Shtil
- ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, 191002 Russia
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478 Russia
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32
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Vahabi M, Blandino G, Di Agostino S. MicroRNAs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a possible challenge as biomarkers, determinants for the choice of therapy and targets for personalized molecular therapies. Transl Cancer Res 2021; 10:3090-3110. [PMID: 35116619 PMCID: PMC8797920 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-2530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are referred to a group of heterogeneous cancers that include structures of aerodigestive tract such as oral and nasal cavity, salivary glands, oropharynx, pharynx, larynx, paranasal sinuses, and local lymph nodes. HNSCC is characterized by frequent alterations of several genes such as TP53, PIK3CA, CDKN2A, NOTCH1, and MET as well as copy number increase in EGFR, CCND1, and PIK3CA. These genomic alterations play a role in terms of resistance to chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, and prediction of patient outcome. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small single-stranded noncoding RNAs which are about 19-25 nucleotides. They are involved in the tumorigenesis of HNSCC including dysregulation of cell survival, proliferation, cellular differentiation, adhesion, and invasion. The discovery of the stable presence of the miRNAs in all human body made them attractive biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis or as targets for novel therapeutic ways, enabling personalized treatment for HNSCC. In recent times the number of papers concerning the characterization of miRNAs in the HNSCC tumorigenesis has grown a lot. In this review, we discuss the very recent studies on different aspects of miRNA dysregulation with their clinical significance and we apologize for the many past and most recent works that have not been mentioned. We also discuss miRNA-based therapy that are being tested on patients by clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahrou Vahabi
- IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Laboratory, via Elio Chianesi, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Laboratory, via Elio Chianesi, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Agostino
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, viale Europa, Catanzaro, Italy
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Bogowicz M, Pavic M, Riesterer O, Finazzi T, Garcia Schüler H, Holz-Sapra E, Rudofsky L, Basler L, Spaniol M, Ambrusch A, Hüllner M, Guckenberger M, Tanadini-Lang S. Targeting Treatment Resistance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma - Proof of Concept for CT Radiomics-Based Identification of Resistant Sub-Volumes. Front Oncol 2021; 11:664304. [PMID: 34123824 PMCID: PMC8191457 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.664304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Radiomics has already been proposed as a prognostic biomarker in head and neck cancer (HNSCC). However, its predictive power in radiotherapy has not yet been studied. Here, we investigated a local radiomics approach to distinguish between tumor sub-volumes with different levels of radiosensitivity as a possible target for radiation dose intensification. Materials and Methods Of 40 patients (n=28 training and n=12 validation) with biopsy confirmed locally recurrent HNSCC, pretreatment contrast-enhanced CT images were registered with follow-up PET/CT imaging allowing identification of controlled (GTVcontrol) vs non-controlled (GTVrec) tumor sub-volumes on pretreatment imaging. A bi-regional model was built using radiomic features extracted from pretreatment CT in the GTVrec and GTVcontrol to differentiate between those regions. Additionally, concept of local radiomics was implemented to perform detection task. The original tumor volume was divided into sub-volumes with no prior information on the location of recurrence. Radiomic features from those sub-volumes were then used to detect recurrent sub-volumes using multivariable logistic regression. Results Radiomic features extracted from non-controlled regions differed significantly from those in controlled regions (training AUC = 0.79 CI 95% 0.66 - 0.91 and validation AUC = 0.88 CI 95% 0.72 – 1.00). Local radiomics analysis allowed efficient detection of non-controlled sub-volumes both in the training AUC = 0.66 (CI 95% 0.56 – 0.75) and validation cohort 0.70 (CI 95% 0.53 – 0.86), however performance of this model was inferior to bi-regional model. Both models indicated that sub-volumes characterized by higher heterogeneity were linked to tumor recurrence. Conclusion Local radiomics is able to detect sub-volumes with decreased radiosensitivity, associated with location of tumor recurrence in HNSCC in the pre-treatment CT imaging. This proof of concept study, indicates that local CT radiomics can be used as predictive biomarker in radiotherapy and potential target for dose intensification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bogowicz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matea Pavic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Riesterer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Centre for Radiation Oncology KSA-KSB, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Finazzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helena Garcia Schüler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edna Holz-Sapra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leonie Rudofsky
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Basler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manon Spaniol
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Ambrusch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hüllner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Guckenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Tanadini-Lang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Comparative Therapeutic Exploitability of Acute Adaptation Mechanisms to Photon and Proton Irradiation in 3D Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Cultures. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061190. [PMID: 33801853 PMCID: PMC8000891 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For better tumor control, high-precision proton beam radiation therapy is currently being intensively discussed relative to conventional photon therapy. Here, we assumed that radiation type-specific molecular response profiles in more physiological 3D, matrix-based head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell cultures can be identified and therapeutically exploited. While proton irradiation revealed superimposable clonogenic survival and residual DNA double strand breaks (DSB) relative to photon irradiation, kinome profiles showed quantitative differences between both irradiation types. Pharmacological inhibition of a subset of radiation-induced kinases, predominantly belonging to the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, failed to sensitize HNSCC cells to either proton or photon irradiation. Likewise, inhibitors for ATM, DNA-PK and PARP did not discriminate between proton and photon irradiation but generally elicited a radiosensitization. Conclusively, our results suggest marginal cell line-specific differences in the radiosensitivity and DSB repair without a superiority of one radiation type over the other in 3D grown HNSCC cell cultures. Importantly, radiation-induced activity changes of cytoplasmic kinases induced during the first, acute phase of the cellular radiation response could neither be exploited for sensitization of HNSCC cells to photon nor proton irradiation.
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Sun Y, Wang Z, Qiu S, Wang R. Therapeutic strategies of different HPV status in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1104-1118. [PMID: 33867833 PMCID: PMC8040311 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.58077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the 9th most common malignant tumor in the world. Based on the etiology, HNSCC has two main subtypes: human papillomavirus (HPV) -related and HPV-unrelated. HPV-positive HNSCC is more sensitive to treatment with favorable survival. Due to the different biological behaviors, individual therapy is necessary and urgently required to deduce the therapeutic intensity of HPV-positive disease and look for a more effective and toxicity-acceptable regimen for HPV-negative disease. EGFR amplification and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway aberrant activation are quite common in HPV-positive HNSCC. Besides, HPV infection alters immune cell infiltrating in HNSCC and encompasses a diverse and heterogeneous landscape with more immune infiltration. On the other hand, the chance of HPV-negative cancers harboring mutation on the P53 gene is significantly higher than that of HPV-positive disease. This review focuses on the updated preclinical and clinical data of HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC and discusses the therapeutic strategies of different HPV status in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingming Sun
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Affiliated Sanming First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Sanming 365001, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, P. R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomarker High Throughput Screening and Target Translation of Breast and Gastrointestinal Tumor, Dalian University, Dalian 116001, P. R. China
| | - Sufang Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital & Fujian Cancer Hospital; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou 350014, P.R. China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, P. R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomarker High Throughput Screening and Target Translation of Breast and Gastrointestinal Tumor, Dalian University, Dalian 116001, P. R. China
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Shukla K, Singh N, Lewis JE, Tsang AW, Boothman DA, Kemp ML, Furdui CM. MTHFD2 Blockade Enhances the Efficacy of β-Lapachone Chemotherapy With Ionizing Radiation in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:536377. [PMID: 33262939 PMCID: PMC7685994 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.536377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer (HNSCC) presents with multiple treatment challenges limiting overall survival rates and affecting patients' quality of life. Amongst these, resistance to radiation therapy constitutes a major clinical problem in HNSCC patients compounded by origin, location, and tumor grade that limit tumor control. While cisplatin is considered the standard radiosensitizing agent for definitive or adjuvant radiotherapy, in recurrent tumors or for palliative care other chemotherapeutics such as the antifolates methotrexate or pemetrexed are also being utilized as radiosensitizers. These drugs inhibit the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is essential for DNA synthesis and connects the 1-C/folate metabolism to NAD(P)H and NAD(P)+ balance in cells. In previous studies, we identified MTHFD2, a mitochondrial enzyme involved in folate metabolism, as a key contributor to NAD(P)H levels in the radiation-resistant cells and HNSCC tumors. In the study presented here, we investigated the role of MTHFD2 in the response to radiation alone and in combination with β-lapachone, a NQO1 bioactivatable drug, which generates reactive oxygen species concomitant with NAD(P)H oxidation to NAD(P)+. These studies are performed in a matched HNSCC cell model of response to radiation: the radiation resistant rSCC-61 and radiation sensitive SCC-61 cells reported earlier by our group. Radiation resistant rSCC-61 cells had increased sensitivity to β-lapachone compared to SCC-61 and knockdown of MTHFD2 in rSCC-61 cells further potentiated the cytotoxicity of β-lapachone with radiation in a dose and time-dependent manner. rSCC-61 MTHFD2 knockdown cells irradiated and treated with β-lapachone showed increased PARP1 activation, inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, decreased respiration-linked ATP production, and increased mitochondrial superoxide and protein oxidation as compared to control rSCC-61 scrambled shRNA. Thus, these studies point to MTHFD2 as a potential target for development of radiosensitizing chemotherapeutics and potentiator of β-lapachone cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirtikar Shukla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Naveen Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Joshua E. Lewis
- The Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States,The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Allen W. Tsang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - David A. Boothman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Melissa L. Kemp
- The Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States,The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Cristina M. Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States,*Correspondence: Cristina M. Furdui
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Selvaraja VK, Gudipudi DK. Fundamentals to clinical application of nanoparticles in cancer immunotherapy and radiotherapy. Ecancermedicalscience 2020; 14:1095. [PMID: 33082845 PMCID: PMC7532032 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has made rapid progress over the past decade leading to high enthusiasm and interest worldwide. Codelivery of immunomodulators with chemotherapeutic agents and radioisotopes has been shown to elicit a strong and sustained immune response in animal models. Despite showing promising results in metastatic and recurrent cancers, the utilisation of immunotherapy in clinical settings has been limited owing to uncertainties in elicited immune response and occurrence of immune-related adverse events. These uncertainties can be overcome with the help of nanoparticles possessing unique properties for the effective delivery of targeted agents to specific sites. Nanoparticles play a crucial role in the effective delivery of cancer antigens and adjuvants, modulation of tumour microenvironment, production of long-term immune response and development of cancer vaccines. Here, we provide a comprehensive summary of nanotechnology-based cancer immunotherapy and radiotherapy including basics of nanotechnology, properties of nanoparticles and various methods of employing nanoparticles in cancer treatment. Thus, nanotechnology is anticipated to overcome the limitations of existing cancer immunotherapy and to effectively combine various cancer treatment modalities.
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Glorieux M, Dok R, Nuyts S. The influence of PI3K inhibition on the radiotherapy response of head and neck cancer cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16208. [PMID: 33004905 PMCID: PMC7529775 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73249-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy has a central role in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway can decrease the efficiency of radiotherapy via the promotion of cell survival and DNA repair. Here, the influence of PI3K pathway inhibition on radiotherapy response was investigated. Two PI3K inhibitors were investigated and both BKM120 and GDC0980 effectively inhibited cellular and clonogenic growth in 6 HNSCC cells, both HPV-positive as well as HPV-negative. Despite targeted inhibition of the pathway and slight increase in DNA damage, PI3K inhibition did not show significant radiosensitization. Currently only one clinical trial is assessing the effectiveness of combining BKM120 with RT in HNSCC (NCT02113878) of which the results are eagerly awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Glorieux
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rüveyda Dok
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra Nuyts
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, UZ Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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León X, García J, Farré N, Majercakova K, Avilés-Jurado FX, Quer M, Camacho M. Predictive capacity of IL-8 expression in head and neck squamous carcinoma patients treated with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2020; 72:S0001-6519(20)30146-1. [PMID: 32972719 DOI: 10.1016/j.otorri.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the relationship between the transcriptional expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and response to treatment with radiotherapy or chemo-radiotherapy in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). MATERIAL AND METHODS Retrospective study from tumour biopsies obtained before a treatment with radiotherapy or chemo-radiotherapy in 87 patients with SCCHN. We had a sample of healthy mucosa in 35 cases. We determined the transcriptional expression of IL-8 with RT-PCR. The transcriptional expression of IL-8 was categorized according to the local control of the disease with a recursive partitioning analysis. RESULTS The transcriptional expression of IL-8 in tumour tissue was about 50 times higher than that in the samples of healthy mucosa. Patients with a high transcriptional expression of IL-8 (n=56) had a 5-year local recurrence-free survival of 65.6%, and for patients with low expression (n=31) it was 90.2% (P=.017). According to the results of a multivariate analysis, patients with high expression of IL-8 had a 4.1 higher risk of local recurrence of the tumour. CONCLUSIONS SCCHN have a significant increase in transcriptional expression of IL-8 in relation to non-tumour tissue. Tumours with high IL-8 expression have an increased risk of local recurrence after treatment with radiotherapy or chemo-radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier León
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, España.
| | - Jacinto García
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Nuria Farré
- Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Katarina Majercakova
- Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Francesc-Xavier Avilés-Jurado
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR), Generalitat de Catalunya. 2017-SGR-01581, Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, España
| | - Miquel Quer
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, España
| | - Mercedes Camacho
- Genomics of Complex Diseases, Research Institute Hospital Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
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Foki E, Stanisz I, Kadletz L, Kotowski U, Seemann R, Schmid R, Heiduschka G. HS-173, a selective PI3K inhibitor, induces cell death in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2020; 133:26-31. [PMID: 32876741 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-020-01729-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The selective PI3K (Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor HS-173 has anticancer activity in non-small cell lung cancer and pancreatic cancer cells. Of all head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) 20% harbor specific mutations in the genome. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of HS-173 on HNSCC cell lines. METHODS The cell lines SCC25, CAL27 and FaDu were incubated with HS-173. Its antiproliferative effect was determined using the CCK‑8 cell proliferation assay. Combined incubation with cisplatin was performed and combination index analysis was conducted. To investigate its effect on radiotherapy, cells were irradiated with 2, 4, 6 and 8 Gy, respectively. Synergistic effects of radiation and HS-173 were measured by proliferation assays and clonogenic survival. RESULTS The use of HS-173 induced significant reduction of cell proliferation across all cell lines. Most interestingly, it showed a synergistic effect with cisplatin treatment. Clonogenic survival revealed a radiosensitizing effect in CAL27 and FaDu cells. The HS-173 caused significant induction of apoptosis in SCC25 and FaDu cells. CONCLUSION The selective PI3K inhibitor HS-173 is a potent chemosensitizing and also radiosensitizing drug in treatment of HNSCC cell lines and could be an effective treatment in PI3K-mutated HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Foki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabella Stanisz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorenz Kadletz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulana Kotowski
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Seemann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Schmid
- Department of Radiotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Heiduschka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Zhang Y, Tang K, Chen L, Du M, Qu Z. Exosomal CircGDI2 Suppresses Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression Through the Regulation of MiR-424-5p/SCAI Axis. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:7501-7514. [PMID: 32943917 PMCID: PMC7445517 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s255687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exosomes are small membrane vesicles that are secreted by most cell types. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently been identified in exosomes, and exosomal circRNAs exert important biological activities in human cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether circRNA GDP dissociation inhibitor 2 (circGDI2) was transferred by exosomes and how exosomal circGDI2 regulated OSCC cell malignant behaviors. Methods The levels of circGDI2, miR-424-5p and suppressor of cancer cell invasion (SCAI) were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or Western blot. Cell proliferation was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Transwell assays were performed to detect cell migration and invasion. Measurement of glucose consumption and lactate production were conducted using a corresponding assay kit. Targeted correlations among circGDI2, miR-424-5p and SCAI were confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assays. Xenograft assays were used to observe the role of circGDI2 in tumor growth in vivo. Results Our data indicated that circGDI2 was down-regulated in OSCC, and it could be transferred by the exosomes in OSCC cells. The up-regulation of exosomal circGDI2 weakened OSCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and glycolysis. CircGDI2 functioned as a molecular sponge of miR-424-5p, and SCAI was a direct target of miR-424-5p. MiR-424-5p mediated the repression of exosomal circGDI2 overexpression on OSCC cell malignant behaviors, and miR-424-5p silencing mitigated OSCC cell progression by up-regulating SCAI. Moreover, exosomal circGDI2 regulated SCAI expression through sponging miR-424-5p. Additionally, the overexpression of exosomal circGDI2 inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion The present study had led to the identification of exosomal circGDI2 that regulated OSCC cell malignant behaviors through targeting the miR-424-5p/SCAI axis, highlighting circGDI2 as a novel exosome-based cancer biomarker and therapeutic agent for OSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Prosthetics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiqi Tang
- Department of Prosthetics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhu Chen
- Department of Prosthetics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Du
- Department of Prosthetics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Qu
- Department of Prosthetics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
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Wang S, Zhu W, Ouyang L, Li J, Li S, Yang X. Up-Regulation of Tiam1 Promotes the Radioresistance of Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Through Activation of the JNK/ATF-2 Signaling Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:7065-7074. [PMID: 32801742 PMCID: PMC7382609 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s257748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Our previous study has revealed that T-lymphoma invasion and metastasis-inducing factor 1 (Tiam1) overexpression are significantly associated with aggressive behavior and poor prognosis in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). However, the influence of Tiam1 in the radioresistance of LSCC and its mechanism have never been elucidated. Materials and Methods Western blotting was used to confirm the relationship between Tiam1 and the JNK/ATF-2 signaling pathway. To explore the specific functions of Tiam1 and JNK/ATF-2 signaling pathway on the proliferation and apoptosis of LSCC after radiation, cloning formation assay and flow cytometry were conducted in vitro, and the experiments on a xenograft mouse model and TUNEL assay were performed in vivo. Results Western blotting indicated that Tiam1 can regulate the JNK/ATF-2 signaling pathway through the influence of the activity of JNK and ATF-2. Up-regulation of Tiam1 could promote proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of LSCC after radiation both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the down-regulation of the JNK/ATF-2 signaling pathway reduced the radioresistance of LSCC caused by Tiam1 up-regulation. Conclusion These results suggest that the up-regulation of Tiam1 expression can promote the radioresistance of LSCC through activation of the JNK/ATF-2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyu Zhu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Ouyang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingkun Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shisheng Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinming Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Organotypic Co-Cultures as a Novel 3D Model for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082330. [PMID: 32824777 PMCID: PMC7463661 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are phenotypically and molecularly heterogeneous and frequently develop therapy resistance. Reliable patient-derived 3D tumor models are urgently needed to further study the complex pathogenesis of these tumors and to overcome treatment failure. Methods: We developed a three-dimensional organotypic co-culture (3D-OTC) model for HNSCC that maintains the architecture and cell composition of the individual tumor. A dermal equivalent (DE), composed of healthy human-derived fibroblasts and viscose fibers, served as a scaffold for the patient sample. DEs were co-cultivated with 13 vital HNSCC explants (non-human papillomavirus (HPV) driven, n = 7; HPV-driven, n = 6). Fractionated irradiation was applied to 5 samples (non-HPV-driven, n = 2; HPV-driven n = 3). To evaluate expression of ki-67, cleaved caspase-3, pan-cytokeratin, p16INK4a, CD45, ∝smooth muscle actin and vimentin over time, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining were performed Patient checkup data were collected for up to 32 months after first diagnosis. Results: All non-HPV-driven 3D-OTCs encompassed proliferative cancer cells during cultivation for up to 21 days. Proliferation indices of primaries and 3D-OTCs were comparable and consistent over time. Overall, tumor explants displayed heterogeneous growth patterns (i.e., invasive, expansive, silent). Cancer-associated fibroblasts and leukocytes could be detected for up to 21 days. HPV DNA was detectable in both primary and 3D-OTCs (day 14) of HPV-driven tumors. However, p16INK4a expression levels were varying. Morphological alterations and radioresistant tumor cells were detected in 3D-OTC after fractionated irradiation in HPV-driven and non-driven samples. Conclusions: Our 3D-OTC model for HNSCC supports cancer cell survival and proliferation in their original microenvironment. The model enables investigation of invasive cancer growth and might, in the future, serve as a platform to perform sensitivity testing upon treatment to predict therapy response.
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Poel D, Rustenburg F, Sie D, van Essen HF, Eijk PP, Bloemena E, Elhorst Benites T, van den Berg MC, Vergeer MR, Leemans RC, Buffart TE, Ylstra B, Brakenhoff RH, Verheul HM, Voortman J. Expression of let-7i and miR-192 is associated with resistance to cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy in patients with larynx and hypopharynx cancer. Oral Oncol 2020; 109:104851. [PMID: 32585557 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The majority of patients with locally advanced larynx or hypopharynx squamous cell carcinoma are treated with organ-preserving chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Clinical outcome following CRT varies greatly. We hypothesized that tumor microRNA (miRNA) expression is predictive for outcome following CRT. METHODS Next-generation sequencing (NGS) miRNA profiling was performed on 37 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples. Patients with a recurrence-free survival (RFS) of less than 2 years and patients with late/no recurrence within 2 years were compared by differential expression analysis. Tumor-specific miRNAs were selected based on normal mucosa miRNA expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. A model was constructed to predict outcome using group-regularized penalized logistic ridge regression. Candidate miRNAs were validated by RT-qPCR in the initial sample set as well as in 46 additional samples. RESULTS Thirteen miRNAs were differentially expressed (p < 0.05, FDR < 0.1) according to outcome group. Initial class prediction in the NGS cohort (n = 37) resulted in a model combining five miRNAs and disease stage, able to predict CRT outcome with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.82. In the RT-qPCR cohort (n = 83), 25 patients (30%) experienced early recurrence (median RFS 8 months; median follow-up 42 months). Class prediction resulted in a model combining let-7i-5p, miR-192-5p and disease stage, able to discriminate patients with good versus poor clinical outcome (AUC:0.80). CONCLUSION The combined miRNA expression and disease stage prediction model for CRT outcome is superior to using either factor alone. This study indicates NGS miRNA profiling using FFPE specimens is feasible, resulting in clinically relevant biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Poel
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - François Rustenburg
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daoud Sie
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hendrik F van Essen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul P Eijk
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Bloemena
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), the Netherlands
| | - Teresita Elhorst Benites
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Madeleine C van den Berg
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marije R Vergeer
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - René C Leemans
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tineke E Buffart
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bauke Ylstra
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ruud H Brakenhoff
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henk M Verheul
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jens Voortman
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Wilkie MD, Anaam EA, Lau AS, Rubbi CP, Jones TM, Boyd MT, Vlatković N. TP53 mutations in head and neck cancer cells determine the Warburg phenotypic switch creating metabolic vulnerabilities and therapeutic opportunities for stratified therapies. Cancer Lett 2020; 478:107-121. [PMID: 32113989 PMCID: PMC7133053 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Patients with mutated TP53 have been identified as having comparatively poor outcomes compared to those retaining wild-type p53 in many cancers, including squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN). We have examined the role of p53 in regulation of metabolism in SCCHN cells and find that loss of p53 function determines the Warburg effect in these cells. Moreover, this metabolic adaptation to loss of p53 function creates an Achilles' heel for tumour cells that can be exploited for potential therapeutic benefit. Specifically, cells lacking normal wild-type p53 function, whether through mutation or RNAi-mediated downregulation, display a lack of metabolic flexibility, becoming more dependent on glycolysis and losing the ability to increase energy production from oxidative phosphorylation. Thus, cells that have compromised p53 function can be sensitised to ionizing radiation by pre-treatment with a glycolytic inhibitor. These results demonstrate the deterministic role of p53 in regulating energy metabolism and provide proof of principle evidence for an opportunity for patient stratification based on p53 status that can be exploited therapeutically using current standard of care treatment with ionising radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Wilkie
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Cancer Research Centre, University of Liverpool, 200 London Road, Liverpool, L3 9TA, UK; Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Aintree, Lower Lane, Liverpool, L9 7AL, UK
| | - Emad A Anaam
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Cancer Research Centre, University of Liverpool, 200 London Road, Liverpool, L3 9TA, UK
| | - Andrew S Lau
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Cancer Research Centre, University of Liverpool, 200 London Road, Liverpool, L3 9TA, UK; Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Aintree, Lower Lane, Liverpool, L9 7AL, UK
| | - Carlos P Rubbi
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Cancer Research Centre, University of Liverpool, 200 London Road, Liverpool, L3 9TA, UK
| | - Terence M Jones
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Cancer Research Centre, University of Liverpool, 200 London Road, Liverpool, L3 9TA, UK; Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Aintree, Lower Lane, Liverpool, L9 7AL, UK
| | - Mark T Boyd
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Cancer Research Centre, University of Liverpool, 200 London Road, Liverpool, L3 9TA, UK
| | - Nikolina Vlatković
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Cancer Research Centre, University of Liverpool, 200 London Road, Liverpool, L3 9TA, UK.
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Huang C, Yoon C, Zhou XH, Zhou YC, Zhou WW, Liu H, Yang X, Lu J, Lee SY, Huang K. ERK1/2-Nanog signaling pathway enhances CD44(+) cancer stem-like cell phenotypes and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:266. [PMID: 32327629 PMCID: PMC7181750 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2448-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) harbor a subset of cells that are CD44(+) and present with malignancy and radiotherapy resistance. As a key regulator of self-renewal, Nanog expression not only determines cell fate in pluripotent cells but also mediates tumorigenesis in cancer cells; thus, we examined the role of Nanog in CD44(+) HNSCC. Three HNSCC cell lines, tumor xenografts, and patient tumors were examined. Nanog levels were significantly higher in CD44(+) HNSCC spheroids than in CD44(-) spheroids, and further increased when grown as spheroids to enrich for CSCs. CD44(+) spheroids showed a 3.4-7.5-fold increase in migration and invasion compared with CD44(-) spheroids and were resistant to radiation therapy, which was reversed by inhibiting Nanog. Nanog knockdown also decreased spheroid formation by 66.5-68.8%. Moreover, a phosphokinase array identified upregulated ERK1/2 signaling in CD44(+) HNSCC cells compared with that in CD44(-) cells. ERK1/2 signaling was found to regulate Nanog expression, aiding tumor progression, metastasis, and radiotherapy resistance. In xenograft models, the combination of radiation and Nanog or ERK1/2 inhibition inhibited tumor growth by 75.6% and 79.1%, respectively. In lung metastasis models, CD44(+) cells injected into the tail vein of mice led to significantly more lung metastases and higher Nanog expression level compared with that by ERK1/2-knockdown CD44(+) cells. Finally, in tumor tissues, CD44 and Nanog expression levels were correlated with tumorigenesis in HNSCC patients. Thus, targeting Nanog and the ERK1/2 signaling pathway may prevent or reverse CSC phenotypes and epithelial-mesenchymal transition that drive tumor progression, metastasis, and radiotherapy resistance in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Changhwan Yoon
- Gastric and Mixed Tumor Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying-Chun Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-Wen Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Gastric and Mixed Tumor Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Province, Chongqing, China
| | - Sei Young Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Karyopherin-β1 Regulates Radioresistance and Radiation-Increased Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Expression in Human Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040908. [PMID: 32276424 PMCID: PMC7226044 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear transport receptors, such as karyopherin-β1 (KPNB1), play important roles in the nuclear-cytoplasmic transport of macromolecules. Recent evidence indicates the involvement of nuclear transport receptors in the progression of cancer, making these receptors promising targets for the treatment of cancer. Here, we investigated the anticancer effects of KPNB1 blockage or in combination with ionizing radiation on human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). HNSCC cell line SAS and Ca9-22 cells were used in this study. Importazole, an inhibitor of KPNB1, or knockdown of KPNB1 by siRNA transfection were applied for the blockage of KPNB1 functions. The roles of KPNB1 on apoptosis induction and cell surface expression levels of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in irradiated HNSCC cells were investigated. The major findings of this study are that (i) blockage of KPNB1 specifically enhanced the radiation-induced apoptosis and radiosensitivity of HNSCC cells; (ii) importazole elevated p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) expression via blocking the nuclear import of SCC-specific oncogene ΔNp63 in HNSCC cells; and (iii) blockage of KPNB1 attenuated the upregulation of cell surface PD-L1 expression on irradiated HNSCC cells. Taken together, these results suggest that co-treatment with KPNB1 blockage and ionizing radiation is a promising strategy for the treatment of HNSCC.
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Gou C, Han P, Li J, Gao L, Ji X, Dong F, Su Q, Zhang Y, Liu X. Knockdown of lncRNA BLACAT1 enhances radiosensitivity of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells by regulating PSEN1. Br J Radiol 2020; 93:20190154. [PMID: 31944856 PMCID: PMC7362927 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20190154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work focused on the function role and underlying mechanism of BLACAT1 in regulating the radiosensitivity of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells via PSEN1. METHODS BLACAT1 and PSEN1 expression in HNSCC tissues and cells were measured by qRT-PCR. Kaplan-Meier method and Spearman's correlation analysis determined the prognostic roles and association of BLCAT1 and PSEN1 in HNSCC. The impacts of BLACAT1 and PSEN1, alone and in combination, on radiosensitivity of HNSCC cells were separately assessed through CCK-8, colony formation, flow cytometry, western blot and γH2AX foci staining assays. RESULTS Our study disclosed that BLACAT1 and PSEN1 were both in association with poor prognosis and radioresistance of HNSCC cells. BLACAT1 knockdown improved the radiosensitivity of HNSCC cells by changing cellular activities containing repressed cell viability, accelerated cell apoptosis, induced cell cycle arrest, and stimulated DNA damage response. Further, we found that PSEN1 was positively correlated with BLACAT1. Rescue assays confirmed that BLACAT1 regulated the radiosensitivity of HNSCC cells by modulating PSEN1. CONCLUSION We revealed that BLACAT1 knockdown enhanced radioresistance of HNSCC cells via regulating PSEN1, exposing the probable target role of BLACAT1 in HNSCC. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE This was the first time that the pivotal role of BLACAT1 was investigated in HNSCC, which provided a novel therapeutic direction for HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Gou
- Department of Radiotherapy, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, No.2 Small West Lake East Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, 730050, China
| | - Pengbing Han
- Department of Radiotherapy, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, No.2 Small West Lake East Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, 730050, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, No.2 Small West Lake East Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, 730050, China
| | - Liying Gao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, No.2 Small West Lake East Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, 730050, China
| | - Xuejuan Ji
- Department of Radiotherapy, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, No.2 Small West Lake East Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, 730050, China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Radiotherapy, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, No.2 Small West Lake East Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, 730050, China
| | - Qun Su
- Department of Radiotherapy, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, No.2 Small West Lake East Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, 730050, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, No.2 Small West Lake East Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, 730050, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, No.2 Small West Lake East Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, 730050, China
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Konings K, Vandevoorde C, Baselet B, Baatout S, Moreels M. Combination Therapy With Charged Particles and Molecular Targeting: A Promising Avenue to Overcome Radioresistance. Front Oncol 2020; 10:128. [PMID: 32117774 PMCID: PMC7033551 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy plays a central role in the treatment of cancer patients. Over the past decades, remarkable technological progress has been made in the field of conventional radiotherapy. In addition, the use of charged particles (e.g., protons and carbon ions) makes it possible to further improve dose deposition to the tumor, while sparing the surrounding healthy tissues. Despite these improvements, radioresistance and tumor recurrence are still observed. Although the mechanisms underlying resistance to conventional radiotherapy are well-studied, scientific evidence on the impact of charged particle therapy on cancer cell radioresistance is restricted. The purpose of this review is to discuss the potential role that charged particles could play to overcome radioresistance. This review will focus on hypoxia, cancer stem cells, and specific signaling pathways of EGFR, NFκB, and Hedgehog as well as DNA damage signaling involving PARP, as mechanisms of radioresistance for which pharmacological targets have been identified. Finally, new lines of future research will be proposed, with a focus on novel molecular inhibitors that could be used in combination with charged particle therapy as a novel treatment option for radioresistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Konings
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Charlot Vandevoorde
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Department of Nuclear Medicine, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bjorn Baselet
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marjan Moreels
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
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Perri F, Ionna F, Longo F, Della Vittoria Scarpati G, De Angelis C, Ottaiano A, Botti G, Caponigro F. Immune Response Against Head and Neck Cancer: Biological Mechanisms and Implication on Therapy. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:262-274. [PMID: 31869751 PMCID: PMC6931206 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck carcinoma (HNC) are diseases arising from several tracts of the aerodigestive ways. Most HNC are squamous cell carcinoma (SCCHN). Immunotherapy is a treatment strategy aimed to reinforce the immune system. Several types of immunotherapy are available in the clinical scenario. Checkpoint inhibitors were developed later in SCCHN; nivolumab and pembrolizumab have reached the clinical approval, having both drugs demonstrated to significantly improve the overall survival, if compared with the standard of treatment (according to the results of the CheckMate 141 and KEYNOTE-040 trials). Nevertheless, immunotherapy may fail because of the genetics of SCCHN. In fact, two genetically different types of SCCHN have been discovered, one virus-related (HPV) and the other mutagens-related. They seem to show in clinical trials very different responses to immunotherapy. Given the existence of a number of factors predictive of response to immunotherapy in SCCHN, a future clinical approach may be to characterize the genetic and immunologic feature of SCCHN and to perform a well-tailored immunotherapy. This review will summarize the main immunotherapy strategies available in SCCHN, discussing their real efficacy, highlighting also the ways to improve them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Perri
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy.
| | - Franco Ionna
- Otolaryngology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Longo
- Otolaryngology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Carmine De Angelis
- University of Naples, Federico II, Department of Medical and Experimental Oncology, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ottaiano
- Division of Innovative Therapies for Abdominal Metastases, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Caponigro
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
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