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Brooks KA, Gross JH. Radiotherapy-induced Pathology of the Ear. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2023; 56:977-985. [PMID: 37414656 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2023.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute radiotherapy (RT)-induced external ear soft tissue changes start with erythema and dry desquamation and may progress to moist desquamation and epidermal ulceration. Chronic RT-induced changes include epithelial atrophy and subcutaneous fibrosis. Although RT-induced radiation dermatitis has been well studied, interventions for soft tissue disease involving the external auditory canal (EAC) warrant investigation. Medical management includes topical steroid treatment for EAC radiation dermatitis and topical antibiotic therapy for suppurative otitis externa. Hyperbaric oxygen and pentoxifylline-vitamin E therapy have shown promise for other applications, but their clinical effect on soft tissue EAC disease is currently undefined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn A Brooks
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA
| | - Jennifer H Gross
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA.
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Nikolić Živanović M, Jurišić M, Marinković M, Grujičić D, Stanimirović A, Šćepanović V, Milićević M, Jovićević N, Videnović G, Pavlović V, Bogunović Stojičić S, Jovanović M, Jeremić J, Jović M, Ilić R, Stojičić M. Reconstruction of Moderately and Severely Atrophic Scalp-A Multicentric Experience in Surgical Treatment of Patients Irradiated for Tinea Capitis in Childhood and Surgical Algorithm. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1678. [PMID: 37763798 PMCID: PMC10534352 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Before the introduction of griseofluvin, the use of X-ray radiation was the treatment of choice for tinea capitis. More than half a century later various types of tumors have been found to be associated with childhood irradiation due to tinea capitis, most commonly cancers of the head and neck, as well as brain tumors. The often unusually aggressive and recurrent nature of these tumors necessitates the need for repeated surgeries, while the atrophic skin with an impaired vascular supply due to radiation often poses an additional challenge for defect reconstruction. We present our experience in the surgical treatment of such patients. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. In this study, 37 patients treated for acquired defects of the scalp with a history of irradiation therapy due to tinea capitis in childhood were included in this study, 24 male and 13 female patients. The mean age at the first appointment was 60.6 ± 7.8, with the youngest included patient being 46 and the oldest being 75 years old. Patients' characteristics, surgical treatment, and complications were analyzed and a reconstructive algorithm was developed. Results: Local flaps were used for reconstruction in 34 patients, direct sutures were used in 10 patients and 20 patients received split-thickness skin grafts for coverage of both primary and secondary defects for reconstruction of flap donor sites. One regional flap and one dermal substitute covered by an autologous skin graft were also used for reconstruction. Complications occurred in 43.2% of patients and were significantly associated with the presence of comorbidities (p = 0.001), aseptic bone necrosis (p = 0.001), as well as skin atrophy in frontal, occipital, and parietal region (p = 0.001, p = 0.042 and p = 0.001, respectively). A significant correlation between major complications and moderate skin atrophy was found only in the parietal region (p = 0.026). Conclusions: Unfortunately, many protocols developed for scalp reconstruction are not applicable in the setting of severe or diffuse scalp skin atrophy associated with high tumor recurrence rate and radiation-induced vascular impairment, such as in tinea capitis patients in Serbia. An algorithm has been developed based on the authors' experience in managing these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Nikolić Živanović
- Clinic for Burns, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milana Jurišić
- Clinic for Burns, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milana Marinković
- Clinic for Burns, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danica Grujičić
- Faculty of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Stanimirović
- Faculty of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vuk Šćepanović
- Faculty of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mihailo Milićević
- Faculty of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Jovićević
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Videnović
- Department for Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Priština in Kosovska Mitrovica, 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
| | - Vedrana Pavlović
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Milan Jovanović
- Clinic for Burns, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Jeremić
- Clinic for Burns, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Jović
- Clinic for Burns, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rosanda Ilić
- Faculty of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Stojičić
- Clinic for Burns, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Shaaban SG, LeCompte MC, Kleinberg LR, Redmond KJ, Page BR. Recognition and Management of the Long-term Effects of Cranial Radiation. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2023; 24:880-891. [PMID: 37145381 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-023-01078-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Cranial radiation is ubiquitous in the treatment of primary malignant and benign brain tumors as well as brain metastases. Improvement in radiotherapy targeting and delivery has led to prolongation of survival outcomes. As long-term survivorship improves, we also focus on prevention of permanent side effects of radiation and mitigating the impact when they do occur. Such chronic treatment-related morbidity is a major concern with significant negative impact on patient's and caregiver's respective quality of life. The actual mechanisms responsible for radiation-induced brain injury remain incompletely understood. Multiple interventions have been introduced to potentially prevent, minimize, or reverse the cognitive deterioration. Hippocampal-sparing intensity modulated radiotherapy and memantine represent effective interventions to avoid damage to regions of adult neurogenesis. Radiation necrosis frequently develops in the high radiation dose region encompassing the tumor and surrounding normal tissue. The radiographic findings in addition to the clinical course of the patients' symptoms are taken into consideration to differentiate between tissue necrosis and tumor recurrence. Radiation-induced neuroendocrine dysfunction becomes more pronounced when the hypothalamo-pituitary (HP) axis is included in the radiation treatment field. Baseline and post-treatment evaluation of hormonal profile is warranted. Radiation-induced injury of the cataract and optic system can develop when these structures receive an amount of radiation that exceeds their tolerance. Special attention should always be paid to avoid irradiation of these sensitive structures, if possible, or minimize their dose to the lowest limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif G Shaaban
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, 401 North Broadway, Suite 1440, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Michael C LeCompte
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, 401 North Broadway, Suite 1440, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Lawrence R Kleinberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, 401 North Broadway, Suite 1440, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Kristin J Redmond
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, 401 North Broadway, Suite 1440, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Brandi R Page
- Department of Radiation Oncology-National Capitol Region, Johns Hopkins Medicine, 6420 Rockledge Drive Suite 1200, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA.
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Sahin M, Kaya A, Aytekin A, Akay E, Ozcan I. Tetramethylpyrazine Attenuates Radiation-Induced Ototoxicity in a Rat Model. Audiol Neurootol 2023; 28:427-435. [PMID: 37379818 DOI: 10.1159/000530685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is a chemical compound, which has been shown to possess numerous biological features such as anticoagulation, inhibition of platelet aggregation, anti-inflammation, capillary dilatation, improvement in microcirculation, and protection against reactive oxygen radicals. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of TMP against radiation-induced ototoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS 40 rats were divided into four groups. The first group was irradiated for 5 days. The second group received a single dose of 140 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal TMP given to the rats 30 min before radiotherapy (RT) for 5 days. The third group received a single dose of 140 mg/kg/day i.p. TMP for 5 days, whereas the fourth group was administered saline. All rats underwent distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) and auditory brainstem response measurements before and after the application. The temporal bulla of animals was removed for immunohistopathological examination. RESULTS Signal-noise ratio values were significantly decreased in the RT group for the frequencies of 2-32 kHz after RT (p < 0.05), whereas the difference was not significant in terms of pre- and posttreatment values for the other groups. Also in the RT group, the ABR thresholds were significantly increased after treatment. In H&E staining, the mean scores for outer hair cells (OHCs), stria vascularis (SV), and spiral ganglion (SG) injuries were significantly higher in RT and RT + TMP groups than in the other groups. The mean OHCs and SV injury scores were also significantly higher in the RT group than in the RT + TMP group (p < 0.05). The number of cochleas that showed cytoplasmic caspase-3 immunoreactivity in the OHC, SV, and SG was significantly higher in RT and RT + TMP groups than in the other groups. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study suggest that TMP may have a therapeutic potential for preventing sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) related to RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Sahin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Altan Kaya
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Aynur Aytekin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ebru Akay
- Department of Pathology, Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Ozcan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
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Printzell L, Reseland JE, Edin NFJ, Tiainen H, Ellingsen JE. The dose-dependent impact of γ-radiation reinforced with backscatter from titanium on primary human osteoblasts. Biomater Investig Dent 2023; 10:2209116. [PMID: 37206163 PMCID: PMC10190184 DOI: 10.1080/26415275.2023.2209116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In head and neck cancer patients receiving dental implants prior to radiotherapy, backscatter from titanium increases the radiation dose close to the surface, and may affect the osseointegration. The dose-dependent effects of ionizing radiation on human osteoblasts (hOBs) were investigated. The hOBs were seeded on machined titanium, moderately rough fluoride-modified titanium, and tissue culture polystyrene, and cultured in growth- or osteoblastic differentiation medium (DM). The hOBs were exposed to ionizing γ-irradiation in single doses of 2, 6 or 10 Gy. Twenty-one days post-irradiation, cell nuclei and collagen production were quantified. Cytotoxicity and indicators of differentiation were measured and compared to unirradiated controls. Radiation with backscatter from titanium significantly reduced the number of hOBs but increased the alkaline phosphatase activity in both types of medium when adjusted to the relative cell number on day 21. Irradiated hOBs on the TiF-surface produced similar amounts of collagen as unirradiated controls when cultured in DM. The majority of osteogenic biomarkers significantly increased on day 21 when the hOBs had been exposed to 10 Gy, while the opposite or no effect was observed after lower doses. High doses reinforced with backscatter from titanium resulted in smaller but seemingly more differentiated subpopulations of osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Printzell
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty for Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- CONTACT Lisa Printzell Department of Prosthodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1109, Blindern, 0317Oslo, Norway
| | - Janne Elin Reseland
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty for Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Hanna Tiainen
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty for Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Eirik Ellingsen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty for Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Ohkoshi A, Ikeda R, Suzuki J, Yamamoto T, Ishii R, Higashi K, Wakamori S, Nakayama Y, Nakanome A, Ogawa T, Katori Y. Eustachian Tube Functions in Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer Patients. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 74:6307-6312. [PMID: 36742578 PMCID: PMC9895678 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-021-03058-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ototoxicity is a dose-limiting adverse event for concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with high-dose cisplatin for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Both irradiation to the Eustachian tube (ET) and weight loss are risk factors for patulous ET. The aim of this prospective, observational study was to elucidate the incidences of patulous ET conditions before and after CCRT in HNSCC patients by means of ET function tests. This prospective, observational study was conducted in 27 HNSCC patients who received CCRT with high-dose cisplatin, and ET function tests (sonotubometry and tubo-tympano-aerodynamic graphy) were performed before and 3 months after CCRT. Factors potentially affecting the incidence of patulous ET conditions after CCRT were evaluated. Of the 54 ears from 27 patients investigated, patulous ET conditions were observed in 12 ears (22.2%) from 9 patients (33.3%) before CCRT and 15 ears (27.8%) from 11 patients (40.7%) at 3 months after CCRT. Only patulous ET conditions before CCRT in each ear were significantly associated with patulous ET conditions after CCRT (p = 0.010). This is the first report to describe the incidences of patulous ET conditions before and after CCRT in HNSCC patients. HNSCC patients are potentially at higher risk of patulous ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ohkoshi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
| | - Ryoukichi Ikeda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
| | - Jun Suzuki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
| | - Takaya Yamamoto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
| | - Ryo Ishii
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
| | - Kenjiro Higashi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
| | - Shun Wakamori
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
| | - Yuki Nakayama
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
| | - Ayako Nakanome
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
| | - Takenori Ogawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan
| | - Yukio Katori
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
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Li Y, Lu Y, Qiu B, Ze Y, Li P, Du Y, Gong P, Lin J, Yao Y. Copper-containing titanium alloys promote angiogenesis in irradiated bone through releasing copper ions and regulating immune microenvironment. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 139:213010. [PMID: 35882157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Poor vascularization was demonstrated as a factor inhibiting bone regeneration in patients receiving radiotherapy. Various copper-containing materials have been reported to increase angiogenesis, therefore might improve bone formation. In this study, a Ti6Al4V-1.5Cu alloy was prepared using selective laser melting (SLM) technology. The immunomodulatory and pro-angiogenic effects of the Ti6Al4V-1.5Cu alloys were examined. In vitro, Ti6Al4V-1.5Cu stimulated vascular formation by restraining inflammatory factors and provoking angiogenic factors in non-irradiated and irradiated macrophages. In vivo, the angiogenic effects of the Ti6Al4V-1.5Cu alloy were confirmed using an irradiated rat femur defect model. Moreover, we found that the biological effects of the Ti6Al4V-1.5Cu alloy were partially due to the release of copper ions and associated with PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. In conclusion, this study indicated the potential of the Ti6Al4V-1.5Cu alloy to promote angiogenesis by releasing copper ions and inhibiting inflammation in normal and irradiated tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanjin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Bingrun Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiting Ze
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peiran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinxin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Yang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Liu Z, Luo Y, Guo R, Yang B, Shi L, Sun J, Guo W, Gong S, Jiang X, Liu K. Head and Neck Radiotherapy Causes Significant Disruptions of Cochlear Ribbon Synapses and Consequent Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Radiother Oncol 2022; 173:207-214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2022.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Richard C, Baker E, Wood J. Special Considerations for Tympanoplasty Type I in the Oncological Pediatric Population: A Case-Control Study. Front Surg 2022; 9:844810. [PMID: 35350139 PMCID: PMC8957792 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.844810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although cutting-edges antineoplastic therapies increase survival in children with malignancies, the optimal surgical strategy to address associated comorbidities such as chronic tympanic membrane perforation is still poorly documented. The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of type I tympanoplasty in pediatric cancer survivors who received chemo and/or radiotherapy to the skull and to identify potential associated risk factors. Methods This case-control study included medical records review of oncologic patients (age <21) treated at the same Academic medical oncologic center between March 2015 and July 2021 and referred for conductive hearing loss and chronic tympanic membrane perforation. Patients and middle ear status-related variables were analyzed, and outcomes were compared with matched peers without any history of malignancies. Results A total of seven pediatric cancer survivors and seven paired children without any history of malignancies were included in this report. The mean age at tympanoplasty type I surgery was 10.2 years (range = 4.3–19.9; median = 7.9 years) for the pediatric cancer survivors' group and 10.1 years (range = 5.5–19.2; median = 7.9 years) in the control group. Three pediatric cancer patients had received chemotherapy alone, one patient had radiotherapy to the skull base, and three patients had received chemoradiotherapy. On average, surgery was performed 3.9 years after chemo and/or radiotherapy termination, except for 1 patient for whom the tympanoplasty was performed during chemotherapy treatment. A retroauricular approach was used for one of the pediatric cancer patients, a transcanal approach was performed in one other and five patients benefited from an otoendoscopic approach. Tragal perichondrium with cartilage was used in most of the pediatric cancer survivor cases (four out seven cases) while xenograft (Biodesign) and Temporalis fascia without cartilage graft were used in five out of the seven control cases. Rate of tympanic membrane perforation recurrence was similar between groups (28.6%). Mean functional gain for air conduction Pure Tone Average (AC PTA) was 2.6 and 7.7 dB HL for the oncologic and control group, respectively. Mean postoperative air-bone gap (ABG) was 10.7 dB HL [median = 8.7; inter-quartile range (IQR) = 13.8] for the oncologic cohort and 10.1 dB HL (median = 10.7; IQR = 9.6) for the control group. Discussion Chemo- and chemoradiotherapy to the skull are associated with damages to the inner and middle ear structures with secondary eustachian tube dysfunction and chronic middle ear effusion. Although healing abilities and immunological defenses are compromised as part of the expected effects of antineoplastic therapies, type I tympanoplasty can be safe and effective in this population. While different approaches may be considered, otoendoscopy showed excellent results with less morbidity in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Richard
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine, Memphis, TN, United States
- Division of Otolaryngology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Emily Baker
- The University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Joshua Wood
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine, Memphis, TN, United States
- Division of Otolaryngology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Joshua Wood
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10
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Yip PL, Mok KCJ, Ho HS, Lee WYV, Wong ACL, Lau CT, Wong FCS, Yeung KW, Lee SF. Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Survivors in the Modern Treatment Era - The Early and Late Effects of Radiation and Cisplatin. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2021; 34:e160-e167. [PMID: 34772581 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Hearing loss is a common debilitating complication in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) survivors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of inner ear/cochlear radiation dose and cisplatin use on early and late sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in NPC patients treated with radiotherapy alone, concurrent chemoradiation (cCRT) and induction chemotherapy followed by cCRT (iCRT) in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy era. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 81 NPC patients treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy between 2014 and 2016. Pure tone audiometry was carried out at baseline and follow-up. The effects of cochlear/inner ear radiation and cisplatin doses on early (<12 months) and late (≥24 months) SNHL were analysed using multivariable regression after adjusting for important predictors. RESULTS In total, 156 ears were examined. In early SNHL (n = 136), cisplatin use predicted the incidence of early high-frequency SHNL (HF-SNHL) (odds ratio 6.4, 95% confidence interval 1.7-23.9, P = 0.005). Ninety ears were analysed for late SNHL (median follow-up 38 months). Inner ear/cochlear radiation and cisplatin doses and better pre-treatment hearing were independent predictors of threshold change at 4 kHz. Every 10 Gy increase in inner ear/cochlear Dmean resulted in 5-dB and 6-dB threshold changes, respectively (cochlear Dmean: B = 0.005, 95% confidence interval 0.0004-0.009, P = 0.031; inner ear Dmean: B = 0.006, 95% confidence interval 0.001-0.010, P = 0.014). Cisplatin use was associated with late HF-SNHL (odds ratio 3.74, 95% confidence interval 1.1-12.3, P = 0.031). In the cCRT and iCRT subgroups, no cisplatin dose-dependent ototoxicity was observed. Severe (≥30 dB) late HF-SNHL occurred in 14% and 25% of the patients when the cochlear dose constraints were 40 Gy and 44 Gy, respectively. The radiotherapy-alone group did not develop severe late HF-SNHL. CONCLUSION Cochlear/inner ear radiation dose and cisplatin use showed differential and independent ototoxicity in early and late SNHL. As cochlear/inner ear dose-dependent ototoxicity was demonstrated, the cochlear dose constraint should be as low as reasonably achievable, especially when cisplatin is also administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Yip
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, New Territories West Cluster, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong
| | - K C J Mok
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tuen Mun Hospital, New Territories West Cluster, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong
| | - H S Ho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, New Territories West Cluster, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong
| | - W Y V Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, New Territories West Cluster, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong
| | - A C L Wong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tuen Mun Hospital, New Territories West Cluster, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong
| | - C T Lau
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, New Territories West Cluster, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong
| | - F C S Wong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, New Territories West Cluster, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong
| | - K W Yeung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tuen Mun Hospital, New Territories West Cluster, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong
| | - S F Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, New Territories West Cluster, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong; Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Santucci NM, Garber B, Ivory R, Kuhn MA, Stephen M, Aizenberg D. Insight into the current practice of ototoxicity monitoring during cisplatin therapy. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 50:19. [PMID: 33766142 PMCID: PMC7995701 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-021-00506-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study is to evaluate the current state of ototoxicity monitoring for patients receiving cisplatin chemotherapy in an academic medical center with particular attention to how closely monitoring adheres to national ototoxicity guidelines. Methods Case series including retrospective medical records review of patients (age > 18) treated with cisplatin at University of California Davis Medical Center between January 2014 and August 2017. Patient and ototoxicity related variables were analyzed. Patients that underwent a transfer of care during treatment and with less than 3 months of follow-up were excluded. Results Three hundred seventy-nine patients met study criteria, of which 104 (27.4%) had a prior history of hearing loss. Prior to treatment, 196 (51.7%) patients were counseled regarding the ototoxic nature of cisplatin and 92 (24.3%) patients had a pretreatment audiogram. During treatment, 91 (24%) patients had documented otologic complaints. Only 17 patients (4.5%) patients had an audiogram ordered during their cisplatin treatment period. 130 (34.3%) patients had otologic complaints following cisplatin treatment. Audiograms were ordered for 20 (7.8%), 13 (5.1%), and 16 (6.2%) patients at 1-month, 3-month, and 6-month follow-ups, respectively. No patients in the study cohort received baseline, treatment, and post-treatment audiograms as recommended by national ototoxicity monitoring protocols. Patients with Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) represented the largest subgroup that received cisplatin (n = 122, 32.2%) and demonstrated higher rates of ototoxicity counseling (n = 103, 84.4%) and pretreatment audiograms (n = 70, 57.4%) compared to the non HNC group (n = 36, 36.2%, P < 0.0001 and n = 22, 8.5%, P < 0.0001). Conclusions There is poor adherence to national ototoxicity monitoring guidelines at a large academic medical center. This is a missed opportunity for intervention and aural rehabilitation. Improved education and collaboration between otolaryngology, audiology, and medical oncology is needed to develop and promote an effective ototoxicity-monitoring program. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Santucci
- Oregon Health and Science University, School of Medicine, Portland, OR, USA
| | - B Garber
- University of California Davis Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 2521 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - R Ivory
- University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - M A Kuhn
- University of California Davis Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 2521 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - M Stephen
- University of California Davis Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology/Oncology, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - D Aizenberg
- University of California Davis Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 2521 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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12
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Herr MW, Vincent AG, Skotnicki MA, Ducic Y, Manolidis S. Radiation Necrosis of the Lateral Skull Base and Temporal Bone. Semin Plast Surg 2020; 34:265-271. [PMID: 33380912 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy plays a critical role in the treatment of malignancies involving the head and neck. Although the therapeutic effects of ionizing radiation are achieved, normal tissues are also susceptible to injury and significant long-term sequelae. Osteoradionecrosis of the temporal bone (ORNTB) is among the many complications that can arise after therapy. ORNTB is a debilitating and potentially lethal condition that continues to challenge patients and treating physicians. Herein, we review the pathophysiology, presentation, work-up, and management of ORNTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc W Herr
- Department of Head and Neck Oncologic Surgery & Microvascular Reconstruction, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington
| | | | - Meghan A Skotnicki
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Kettering Health Network, Dayton, Ohio
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13
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Chang H, Tu TY, Wu CS, Kuo TY, Huang CY. Is the risk of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss higher in nasopharyngeal carcinoma than in hypopharyngeal cancer? A population-based study. J Chin Med Assoc 2020; 83:865-869. [PMID: 32221154 PMCID: PMC7478193 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the risk of developing sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) in patients with hypopharyngeal cancer with that in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS A population-based, retrospective cohort study was performed using the Taiwan National Health Research Database databank. Patients selected for this study were diagnosed with hypopharyngeal cancer or NPC and treated with radiotherapy in the period from 2001 to 2004. Routine follow-up was conducted for 8 years (2004-2012), and the incidence of SSHL was calculated at the final follow-up. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the risk of developing SSHL between the hypopharyngeal cancer group and its control group (p = 1.000). In hypopharyngeal cancer and NPC groups, the rates of SSHL were 0.12% and 1.00%, respectively (p < 0.001). The cumulative hazard of SSHL during the follow-up period was significantly higher in the NPC group than in the control group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Radiotherapy in patients with hypopharyngeal cancer did not increase the risk of developing SSHL, but postirradiation NPC was significantly associated with an increased incidence of SSHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tzong-Yang Tu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chuan-Song Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- College of Science and Engineering, and Graduate School of Business Administration, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ting-Yu Kuo
- Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chii-Yuan Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Address correspondence. Dr. Chii-Yuan Huang, Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201, Section 2, Shi-Pai Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC. E-mail address: (C.-Y. Huang)
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14
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Sório ALR, Vargas‐Sanchez PK, Fernandes RR, Pitol DL, de Sousa LG, Bianchini ALB, de Melo GB, Siessere S, Bombonato‐Prado KF. Cell therapy stimulates bone neoformation in calvaria defects in rats subjected to local irradiation. Animal Model Exp Med 2019; 2:169-177. [PMID: 31773092 PMCID: PMC6762041 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of cell therapy on the repair process in calvaria defects in rats subjected to irradiation. METHODS Bone marrow mesenchymal cells were characterized for osteoblastic phenotype. Calvariae of male Wistar rats were irradiated (20 Gy) and, after 4 weeks, osteoblastic cells were placed in surgically created defects in irradiated (IRC) and control animals (CC), paired with untreated irradiated (IR) and control (C) animals. After 30 days, histological and microtomographic evaluation was performed to establish significant (P < 0.05) differences among the groups. RESULTS Higher alkaline phosphatase detection and activity, along with an increase in mineralized nodules, in the IRC, C and CC groups compared to the IR group, confirmed an osteoblastic phenotype. Histology showed impaired bone neoformation following irradiation, affecting bone marrow composition. Cell therapy in the IRC group improved bone neoformation compared to the IR group. Microtomography revealed increased bone volume, bone surface and trabecular number in IRC group compared to the IR group. CONCLUSION Cell therapy may improve bone neoformation in defects created after irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luisa Riul Sório
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São PauloRibeirão PretoSPBrazil
| | - Paula Katherine Vargas‐Sanchez
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São PauloRibeirão PretoSPBrazil
| | - Roger Rodrigo Fernandes
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São PauloRibeirão PretoSPBrazil
| | - Dimitrius Leonardo Pitol
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São PauloRibeirão PretoSPBrazil
| | - Luiz Gustavo de Sousa
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São PauloRibeirão PretoSPBrazil
| | | | | | - Selma Siessere
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São PauloRibeirão PretoSPBrazil
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15
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Ahmad JG, Namin AW, Jorgensen JB, Zitsch RP, Layfield LJ. Mandibular Invasion by Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Clinicopathologic Features of 74 Cases. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019; 160:1034-1041. [PMID: 30598057 DOI: 10.1177/0194599818821859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) For patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and mandibular invasion, to determine whether prior radiation to the head and neck region (PXRTHN) affects the density of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, or fibroblasts along the tumor interface invading the mandible and whether this is significantly associated with overall survival. (2) To identify clinicopathologic features that are associated with overall survival. STUDY DESIGN Case series with chart review. SETTING University of Missouri hospital. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Retrospective review of 74 cases with pathologically confirmed mandible invasion by OSCC and surgical treatment between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2015. A board-certified anatomic pathologist reviewed the slides from all mandibulectomy cases. RESULTS The mean density of osteoclasts was 2.0 per linear mm among the patients with PXRTHN and 7.1 among those without PXRTHN ( P < .001). Positive soft tissue frozen section margin was significantly associated with overall survival on univariate analysis ( P < .001; hazard ratio [HR], 0.34; 95% CI, 0.19-0.62) and multivariate analysis ( P = .026; HR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.19-0.90). Maximum tumor dimension was significantly associated with overall survival on univariate analysis ( P = .021; HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.03-1.38) and multivariate analysis ( P = .002; HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.16-1.93). Osteoclast, osteoblast, and fibroblast density were not associated with overall survival. CONCLUSIONS (1) Osteoclast density along the tumor front is significantly lower among patients with PXRTHN. Stromal cell density was not associated with overall survival. (2) Positive soft tissue frozen section margin and maximum tumor dimension are significantly associated with overall survival among patients with mandibular invasion by OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumah G Ahmad
- 1 School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Arya W Namin
- 2 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Jorgensen
- 2 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Robert P Zitsch
- 2 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Lester J Layfield
- 3 Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Sawada H, Mori A, Lee P, Sugihara S, Oda H, Sako T. Pituitary size alteration and adverse effects of radiation therapy performed in 9 dogs with pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism. Res Vet Sci 2018; 118:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa L Cunningham
- From the Section on Sensory Cell Biology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Bethesda, MD (L.L.C.); and the Division of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (D.L.T.)
| | - Debara L Tucci
- From the Section on Sensory Cell Biology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Bethesda, MD (L.L.C.); and the Division of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (D.L.T.)
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18
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Kadakia S, Badhey A, Inman J, Mourad M, Ducic Y. Surgical management of temporal bone osteoradionecrosis: Single surgeon experience of 47 cases. Am J Otolaryngol 2017; 38:688-691. [PMID: 28843593 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the outcomes of 47 patients with temporal bone osteoradionecrosis treated primarily with surgical resection in order to analyze whether flap type and hyperbaric oxygen use affect wound breakdown. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between January 1998 and January 2016, 47 patients were treated for temporal bone osteoradionecrosis with surgery. Some patients were also treated with hyperbaric oxygen. Resection of grossly necrotic temporal bone was followed by immediate reconstruction with local, regional, or free flaps. Minimum follow-up was 6months. If patients had breakdown of their initial reconstructions, secondary reconstruction was performed with either a regional or free flap. During the post-operative period, wound breakdown, flap complications, and patient survival were noted. RESULTS 30 patients developed ORN from primary radiotherapy while 17 had post-operative radiation. It was found that wound breakdown was significantly associated with type of flap reconstruction (p=0.02) with local flap reconstruction portending a poorer prognosis. Hyperbaric oxygen was not associated with decreased wound breakdown (p=0.5). CONCLUSIONS Surgical treatment can be an effective treatment for temporal bone osteoradionecrosis, without hyperbaric oxygen providing any additional benefit. Reconstruction with regional or free flaps may be a more reliable method to resurface defects compared to local flaps.
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Strojan P, Hutcheson KA, Eisbruch A, Beitler JJ, Langendijk JA, Lee AWM, Corry J, Mendenhall WM, Smee R, Rinaldo A, Ferlito A. Treatment of late sequelae after radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 59:79-92. [PMID: 28759822 PMCID: PMC5902026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is used to treat approximately 80% of patients with cancer of the head and neck. Despite enormous advances in RT planning and delivery, a significant number of patients will experience radiation-associated toxicities, especially those treated with concurrent systemic agents. Many effective management options are available for acute RT-associated toxicities, but treatment options are much more limited and of variable benefit among patients who develop late sequelae after RT. The adverse impact of developing late tissue damage in irradiated patients may range from bothersome symptoms that negatively affect their quality of life to severe life-threatening complications. In the region of the head and neck, among the most problematic late effects are impaired function of the salivary glands and swallowing apparatus. Other tissues and structures in the region may be at risk, depending mainly on the location of the irradiated tumor relative to the mandible and hearing apparatus. Here, we review the available evidence on the use of different therapeutic strategies to alleviate common late sequelae of RT in head and neck cancer patients, with a focus on the critical assessment of the treatment options for xerostomia, dysphagia, mandibular osteoradionecrosis, trismus, and hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Primož Strojan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Katherine A Hutcheson
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Speech Pathology and Audiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Avraham Eisbruch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jonathan J Beitler
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Otolaryngology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Johannes A Langendijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne W M Lee
- Center of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - June Corry
- Radiation Oncology, GenesisCare, St. Vincents's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Robert Smee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Prince of Wales Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Alfio Ferlito
- Coordinator of the International Head and Neck Scientific Group, Italy
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Potential for low-value palliative care of patients with recurrent head and neck cancer. Lancet Oncol 2017; 18:e284-e289. [PMID: 28456588 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(17)30260-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Curative treatment for patients with advanced head and neck cancer can be associated with many side-effects, and many patients suffer from persistent treatment-related side-effects. Patients with recurrent cancer bear the burden of these effects along with additional symptoms attributed to the recurrent tumour. To better understand the benefits and burden of palliative treatments for patients with recurrent head and neck cancer, we reviewed the evidence on commonly used palliative treatments and their effect on quality of life. When used for palliative care purposes, chemotherapy and radiotherapy have limited effectiveness in improving quality of life. Moreover, if these treatments are not congruent with a patient's end-of-life goals, they could constitute low-value care. We recommend that patients with advanced and recurrent cancer should be offered early, comprehensive palliative and supportive services to maximise benefit. The principles of beneficence and respect for patients in the context of shared decision making must prevail if the trust of this vulnerable patient population is to be honoured.
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