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Liu C, Zhou S, Tang W. USP14 promotes the cancer stem-like cell properties of OSCC via promoting SOX2 deubiquitination. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38376172 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE USP14 (Ubiquitin-specific-processing protease 14) is a deubiquitinating enzyme with oncogenic effects in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study aims to identify new substrates of USP14 and elucidate their role in modulating cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) in OSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bioinformatics prediction and docking were performed using UbiBrowser 2.0 and HDOCK, respectively. OSCC cell lines and patient-derived cells were used for experimental validation, employing co-immunoprecipitation, cycloheximide chase assays, and tumor sphere formation to evaluate the effects of USP14 on SOX2 stability, ubiquitination, and CSC phenotypes. RESULTS USP14 upregulation was associated with worse overall survival and progression-free interval in OSCC. USP14 interacted with SOX2 with its ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase domain. USP14 knockdown impaired SOX2 stability by increasing its polyubiquitination. Ectopic overexpression of wild-type USP14, but not the hydrolase-deficient-mutant USP14C114A , enhanced SOX2 stability by reducing polyubiquitination. USP14 knockdown suppressed OSCC cell proliferation, colony formation, and tumor sphere formation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. However, the reduction of CSC markers following USP14 knockdown was mitigated by overexpressing SOX2. These findings were verified in OSCC patient-derived CSC cells. CONCLUSION This study revealed a USP14-SOX2 axis regulating the CSC properties of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shijie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Mishra R. Oral tumor heterogeneity, its implications for patient monitoring and designing anti-cancer strategies. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:154953. [PMID: 38039738 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer tumors occur in the mouth and are mainly derived from oral mucosa linings. It is one of the most common and fatal malignant diseases worldwide. The intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) of oral cancerous tumor is vast, so it is challenging to study and interpret. Due to environmental selection pressures, ITH arises through diverse genetic, epigenetic, and metabolic alterations. The ITH also talks about peri-tumoral vascular/ lymphatic growth, perineural permeation, tumor necrosis, invasion, and clonal expansion/ the coexistence of multiple subclones in a single tumor. The heterogeneity offers tumors the adaptability to survive, induce growth/ metastasis, and, most importantly, escape antitumor therapy. Unfortunately, the ITH is prioritized less in determining disease pathology than the traditional TNM classifications or tumor grade. Understanding ITH is challenging, but with the advancement of technology, this ITH can be decoded. Tumor genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and other modern analyses can provide vast information. This information in clinics can assist in understanding a tumor's severity and be used for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic decision-making. Lastly, the oral tumor ITH can lead to individualized, targeted therapy strategies fighting against OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajakishore Mishra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Cheri-Manatu, Kamre, Ranchi 835 222, Jharkhand, India.
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Dorna D, Paluszczak J. Targeting cancer stem cells as a strategy for reducing chemotherapy resistance in head and neck cancers. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:13417-13435. [PMID: 37453969 PMCID: PMC10587253 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05136-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy is the primary cause of a poor prognosis in oncological patients. Researchers identified many possible mechanisms involved in gaining a therapy-resistant phenotype by cancer cells, including alterations in intracellular drug accumulation, detoxification, and enhanced DNA damage repair. All these features are characteristic of stem cells, making them the major culprit of chemoresistance. This paper reviews the most recent evidence regarding the association between the stemness phenotype and chemoresistance in head and neck cancers. It also investigates the impact of pharmacologically targeting cancer stem cell populations in this subset of malignancies. METHODS This narrative review was prepared based on the search of the PubMed database for relevant papers. RESULTS Head and neck cancer cells belonging to the stem cell population are distinguished by the high expression of certain surface proteins (e.g., CD10, CD44, CD133), pluripotency-related transcription factors (SOX2, OCT4, NANOG), and increased activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Chemotherapy itself increases the percentage of stem-like cells. Importantly, the intratumor heterogeneity of stem cell subpopulations reflects cell plasticity which has great importance for chemoresistance induction. CONCLUSIONS Evidence points to the advantage of combining classical chemotherapeutics with stemness modulators thanks to the joint targeting of the bulk of proliferating tumor cells and chemoresistant cancer stem cells, which could cause recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Dorna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Ul. Święcickiego 4, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jarosław Paluszczak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Ul. Święcickiego 4, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
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4
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Jha A, Alam M, Kashyap T, Nath N, Kumari A, Pramanik KK, Nagini S, Mishra R. Crosstalk between PD-L1 and Jak2-Stat3/ MAPK-AP1 signaling promotes oral cancer progression, invasion and therapy resistance. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110894. [PMID: 37678027 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1)is an antitumor immunity molecule and a great target to cure oral cancer; nonetheless, the limited success can be attributed to many complex pathways and tumor-related interferences. METHODS In the present study, 150 human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissue samples, including 17 adjacent normals, 56 primary tumors, 47 invasive tumors, and 30 therapy-resistant (RT) samples, were included. The parental/cisplatin-resistant (CisR-SCC4/9) cells were utilized for overexpression (Jak1-3 wild type and catalytically inactive), knockdown (PD-L1 siRNA), targeting MAPK/PI3K/Jak-Stat pathways (SMIs) and checking microsomes. The expression of PD-L1, transcription factors (TFs), signaling pathways, survival/apoptosis, therapy resistance, and invasiveness-related molecules/their activity were determined by RT-PCR, Immunohistochemistry, Western blot, Gelatin Zymography, and MTT assay. RESULTS Advanced OSCC tumors (invasive and drug-resistance), CisR-SCC4/9 cells, and secretory exosomes (CisR-SCC4/9) were found with increased PD-L1 expression. PD-L1 mRNA/protein showed a positive correlation with different TFs (AP1 > Stat3 > c-myc > NFκB) in tumor samples. The PD-L1 expression was more influenced by Jak-Stat/ MAPK-AP1 pathways over PI3K. The ectopic expression of Jak1-3 suggests Jak2 inducted PD-L1 level over Jak1/Jak3. Finally, PD-L1 directly supports survival (Bcl-xL, Bax, cleaved caspase-3), invasion (MMP2/9), and drug-resistance (ALDH-1A1/-3A1) program in OSCC through its link with several molecules. CONCLUSIONS PD-L1 was regulated mainly by the Jak2-Stat3/ MAPK-AP1 pathway, and besides the routine immunological functions, it supports OSCC survival, invasion, and therapy resistance. PD-L1 can be used as an indicator of severity and can be targeted along with Jak2-Stat3/ MAPK-AP1 for a better outcome OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Jha
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Cheri-Manatu, Kanke, Ranchi 835 222, Jharkhand, India
| | - Manzar Alam
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Cheri-Manatu, Kanke, Ranchi 835 222, Jharkhand, India
| | - Tanushree Kashyap
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Cheri-Manatu, Kanke, Ranchi 835 222, Jharkhand, India
| | - Nidhi Nath
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Cheri-Manatu, Kanke, Ranchi 835 222, Jharkhand, India
| | - Anjali Kumari
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Cheri-Manatu, Kanke, Ranchi 835 222, Jharkhand, India
| | - Kamdeo K Pramanik
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Cheri-Manatu, Kanke, Ranchi 835 222, Jharkhand, India
| | - Siddavaram Nagini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajakishore Mishra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Cheri-Manatu, Kanke, Ranchi 835 222, Jharkhand, India.
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Vasefifar P, Najafi S, Motafakkerazad R, Amini M, Safaei S, Najafzadeh B, Alemohammad H, Jafarlou M, Baradaran B. Targeting Nanog expression increased Cisplatin chemosensitivity and inhibited cell migration in Gastric cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2023:113681. [PMID: 37315760 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Regardless of significant advances in cancer treatment, gastric cancer (GC) incidence rate is increasing worldwide. As one of the main transcription factors participating in stemness, Nanog plays a pivotal role in various aspects of tumorigenesis, metastasis, and chemosensitivity. Given that, the current research intended to evaluate the potential effects of Nanog suppression on the GC cell cisplatin chemosensitivity and in vitro tumorigenesis. First, bioinformatics analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of Nanog expression on GC patients' survival. The MKN-45 human GC cells were transfected with specific siRNA targeting Nanog and/or treated with Cisplatin. Then, to study cellular viability and apoptosis, MTT assay and Annexin V/PI staining were done, respectively. Also, the scratch assay was performed to investigate cell migration, and MKN-45 cell stemness was followed using colony formation assay. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used for gene expression analysis. The findings demonstrated that siRNA-mediated Nanog silencing strongly increased MKN-45 cell sensitivity to Cisplatin through apoptosis induction. Also, Nanog suppression combined with Cisplatin resulted in the upregulation of the Caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio at mRNA levels and increased Caspase-3 activation. Moreover, reduced expression of Nanog, separately or combined with Cisplatin, inhibited MKN-45 cell migration by downregulating MMP2 mRNA and protein expression levels. The results also evidenced CD44 and SOX-2 downregulation aligned with a decreased rate of MKN-45 cell colony formation ability through treatments. Besides, Nanog downregulation significantly decreased MDR-1 mRNA expression. Taken together, the results of this study indicated that Nanog could be suggested as a promising target combined with Cisplatin-based GC therapies for reducing drug side effects and improving patients' outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Vasefifar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Souzan Najafi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Amini
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sahar Safaei
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Basira Najafzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hajar Alemohammad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Jafarlou
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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6
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Kumari A, Jha A, Tiwari A, Nath N, Kumar A, Nagini S, Mishra R. Role and regulation of GLUT1/3 during oral cancer progression and therapy resistance. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 150:105688. [PMID: 36989865 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine whether glucose transporter-1/3 (GLUT1/3) increased expression could contribute to oral tumor severity. Furthermore, this study detected whether GLUT1/3 mRNA/protein was associated with oncogenic transcription factors (HIF1α, AP1 and NFκB) and whether by blocking GLUT1 along with cisplatin could sensitize drug-resistant OSCC cells. DESIGN We used 120 post-operated human tissue samples, including 35 primary tumors (PT), 43 invasive tumors (N1-3), 17 recurrent chemoradiation-resistant tumors (RCRT), and 25 PT-adjacent normal tissues (AN). The cisplatin-resistant (CisR-SCC4/9) cells were generated using a drug escalation strategy from parental SCC4/9 cells. The BAY-876 treatment blocked GLUT1 in OSCC cells. Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detect various proteins and mRNA. Cell survival was determined by MTT assay. RESULTS GLUT1/3 expression was observed more in PT over AN tissue (PT > AN), N1-3 > PT, and .RCRT > PT. GLUT1 expression was maximum in the RCRT group and CisR-SCC4/9 cells over their parental counterpart, linked with tumor size (p=0.0037) and loco-regional invasiveness (p=0.0422). GLUT1/3 mRNA/protein was correlated (positively) with oncogenic transcription factors (TFs) like HIF1α, AP1 and NFκB. We found the degree of positive correlation of these TFs with GLUT1/3 was in the order c-Jun > HIF1α > Fra-2 > NFκB > c-Fos. Treatment of BAY-876 and cisplatin-induced cell death in both CisR-SCC4/9 cells, possibly by triggering apoptosis and autophagy. CONCLUSION Collectively, our results demonstrated increased GLUT1/3 overexpression linked with oral tumor severity like invasion and therapy resistance, and it was powered mainly by c-Jun (AP1). Blocking GLUT1 receptors and cisplatin application can sensitize CisR-OSCC cells.
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7
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Hu H, Li B, Wang J, Tan Y, Xu M, Xu W, Lu H. New advances into cisplatin resistance in head and neck squamous carcinoma: Mechanisms and therapeutic aspects. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114778. [PMID: 37137185 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) arises from the interplay of multiple factors, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and viral infections. Cisplatin-based concurrent radiotherapy regimens represent the first-line treatment for advanced HNSCC cases. However, cisplatin resistance significantly contributes to poor prognoses in HNSCC patients, making it crucial to unravel the underlying mechanisms to overcome this resistance. The complexity of cisplatin resistance in HNSCC involves cancer stem cells, autophagy, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, drug efflux, and metabolic reprogramming. Recent advances in nanodrug delivery systems, combined with existing small-molecule inhibitors and innovative genetic technologies, have opened new therapeutic avenues for addressing cisplatin resistance in HNSCC. This review systematically summarizes research progress from the past five years on cisplatin resistance in HNSCC, with a particular focus on the roles of cancer stem cells and autophagy. Additionally, potential future treatment strategies to overcome cisplatin resistance are discussed, including the targeting of cancer stem cells or autophagy through nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems. Furthermore, the review highlights the prospects and challenges associated with nanodelivery platforms in addressing cisplatin resistance in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Hu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Junke Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Ye Tan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Mingjin Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Wenhua Xu
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Laboratory Technology Innovation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Haijun Lu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Biswal S, Panda M, Sahoo RK, Tripathi SK, Biswal BK. Tumour microenvironment and aberrant signaling pathways in cisplatin resistance and strategies to overcome in oral cancer. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 151:105697. [PMID: 37079976 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral cancer is the sixteenth most prevalent cancer in the world and the third-most in India. Despite of several treatment modalities, the cure rate of oral cancer is still low due to drug resistance mechanisms, which are caused by many reasons. It is necessary to improve the existing treatment strategies and discover neoteric therapy to kill cancer cells, which will give oral cancer's cure rate more success. So this review aims to delineate the molecular mechanisms behind cisplatin resistance, specifically the role of the tumor microenvironment, extracellular vesicles, and altered signaling pathways and its overcoming strategies in oral cancer. DESIGN This review was designed by searching words like cancer, oral cancer, cisplatin-resistance, tumor microenvironment, aberrant signalings, and extracellular vesicles, overcoming strategies for cisplatin resistance in databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, web science, and Scopus. Data available in this review is from 2017 to 2021. RESULTS After searching too much data, we found these 98 data appropriate for our review. From these data, we found that tumor microenvironment, extracellular vesicles, and altered signaling pathways like PI3K/AKT, EGFR, NOTCH, Ras, PTEN, Nf-κβ, and Wnt signaling have a crucial role in resistance development towards cisplatin in oral cancer. CONCLUSIONS Lastly, this review explores the alternative strategies to overcome cisplatin resistance likely, the combination therapy and targeted therapy by combining more than one chemotherapeutic drug or inhibitors of signaling pathways and also by using nanoparticle loaded drugs that will reduce the drug efflux, which gives new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuti Biswal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Munmun Panda
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Rajeev K Sahoo
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Surya Kant Tripathi
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Bijesh K Biswal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India.
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Kitahara ABP, Michels AC, Luiz ST, Nagashima S, Camargo Martins AP, de Azevedo MLV, Azevedo Alanis LR, Couto Souza PH, Ignácio SA, de Noronha L, Bettega PVC, Tyski MCA, Quispe EMP, Mozzer I, Souto GR, Aguiar MCF, Modolo F, Scariot R, Jham BC, Hardy AMTG, Johann ACBR. Immunohistochemical detection of NANOG in oral leukoplakia. Oral Dis 2023; 29:376-379. [PMID: 33915012 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Suelen Teixeira Luiz
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba-PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Seigo Nagashima
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba-PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Camargo Martins
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba-PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Reis Azevedo Alanis
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba-PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Couto Souza
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba-PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Aparecido Ignácio
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba-PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Lucia de Noronha
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba-PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Carolina Albini Tyski
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba-PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Edinson Manuel Pérez Quispe
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba-PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Izabela Mozzer
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba-PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Ribeiro Souto
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais. Avenida Dom José Gaspar, 500. Bairro Coração Eucaristico, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, GEP, 30535-901
| | - Maria Cássia Ferreira Aguiar
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antonio Carlos 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte - MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Filipe Modolo
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira, s/n - Trindade, Florianópolis - SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Scariot
- Universidade Federal do Paraná. Avenida Pref. Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botanico, Curitiba-PR, 80210-170, Brazil
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Ervin EH, French R, Chang CH, Pauklin S. Inside the stemness engine: Mechanistic links between deregulated transcription factors and stemness in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 87:48-83. [PMID: 36347438 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cell identity is largely determined by its transcriptional profile. In tumour, deregulation of transcription factor expression and/or activity enables cancer cell to acquire a stem-like state characterised by capacity to self-renew, differentiate and form tumours in vivo. These stem-like cancer cells are highly metastatic and therapy resistant, thus warranting a more complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms downstream of the transcription factors that mediate the establishment of stemness state. Here, we review recent research findings that provide a mechanistic link between the commonly deregulated transcription factors and stemness in cancer. In particular, we describe the role of master transcription factors (SOX, OCT4, NANOG, KLF, BRACHYURY, SALL, HOX, FOX and RUNX), signalling-regulated transcription factors (SMAD, β-catenin, YAP, TAZ, AP-1, NOTCH, STAT, GLI, ETS and NF-κB) and unclassified transcription factors (c-MYC, HIF, EMT transcription factors and P53) across diverse tumour types, thereby yielding a comprehensive overview identifying shared downstream targets, highlighting unique mechanisms and discussing complexities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle-Helene Ervin
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom.
| | - Rhiannon French
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom.
| | - Chao-Hui Chang
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom.
| | - Siim Pauklin
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom.
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11
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Alemohammad H, Motafakkerazad R, Asadzadeh Z, Farsad N, Hemmat N, Najafzadeh B, Vasefifar P, Baradaran B. siRNA-mediated silencing of Nanog reduces stemness properties and increases the sensitivity of HepG2 cells to cisplatin. Gene 2022; 821:146333. [PMID: 35182674 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most lethal cancers having worldwide prevalence. Despite significant progress in cancer therapy, liver cancer-induced mortality is very high. Nanog, as an essential transcription factor modulating cellular multipotency, causes tumor progression, drug resistance, and preserves stemness properties in various tumors such as liver cancer. Thus, this research was conducted to evaluate the impact of combination therapy of Nanog siRNA/cisplatin on the sensitivity of liver cancer cells to this drug. HepG2 cells were transfected with Nanog siRNA and treated with cisplatin, individually and in combination. Then, it was observed that in transfected HepG2 cells, Nanog expression was significantly reduced at mRNA level and also these cells were sensitized to cisplatin. In addition, to assess the impact of Nanog siRNA and cisplatin individually and in combination on cells' viability, migration capacity, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression, the MTT, wound healing, colony formation assay, Annexin V/PI staining, and flow cytometry assays were applied on HepG2 cells, respectively. Also, the quantitive Real-Time PCR was used to check the expression of stemness-associated genes (CD44, CD133, and Sox2), and apoptosis-related genes (caspase-3, 8, 9, BAX and Bcl2) after combination therapy. It is indicated that the combination of Nanog siRNA and cisplatin significantly reduced proliferation, migration, and colony formation ability, as well as increased apoptosis rate, and cell cycle arrest. Also, it is found that the combination of Nanog siRNA and cisplatin down-regulated the expression of stemness-associated genes and up-regulated apoptosis-related genes in HepG2 cells. Hence, it can be suggested that Nanog inhibition in combination with cisplatin is a potential therapeutic strategy for developing new therapeutic approaches for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Alemohammad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Asadzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nader Farsad
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nima Hemmat
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Basira Najafzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Vasefifar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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12
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Rodríguez-Vargas MP, Alvarado-Garnica H, Gutiérrez-Verdín LD, Villanueva-Sánchez FG, García-Contreras R. [Cancer stem cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Literature review]. REVISTA CIENTÍFICA ODONTOLÓGICA 2022; 10:e106. [PMID: 38389655 PMCID: PMC10880721 DOI: 10.21142/2523-2754-1002-2022-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To perform a literature review on oral squamous cell carcinoma, the presence of cancer stem cells; their association with the course of the disease and therapeutic applications. Methods : A search was performed in the PubMed database by entering the following algorithm: ((((neoplastic stem cells [MeSH Terms ]) OR (Cancer stem cells [Text Word ])) AND (Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck [MeSH Terms])) AND (Oral squamous cell carcinoma [Text Word ]), to find articles in english published between 2012 and 2022. The PRISMA diagram was used to identify and select the articles. Results A result of 49 articles was obtained; of which 27 were chosen according to the title and abstract in their association with the topic. In addition, 8 additional articles suggested by their relationship with the information previously searched were included. In total, 35 articles were evaluated. There has been found that tumoral cells in squamous oral carcinoma are heterogeneous since they include cancer stem cells wich possess characteristics of stem and neoplasic cells; which possess characteristics of stem cells as well as neoplastic cells; they have been associated with disease progression, recurrence, and metastasis and have been considered to be a key mechanism of therapy failure. Conclusions The expression of stem cell markers in oral squamous cell carcinomas has been demonstrated and has contributed to their identification in oral squamous cell carcinomas and has been implicated in the behavior of cancer cells. New therapeutic measures aimed at eliminating cancer stem cells have been proposed and developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Paulina Rodríguez-Vargas
- Laboratorio de Investigación Interdisciplinaria (LII), Área de Patología Oral y Maxilofacial. Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores (ENES) Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. León, Guanajuato, México. , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Laboratorio de Investigación Interdisciplinaria (LII), Área de Patología Oral y Maxilofacial Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores (ENES) Unidad León Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México LeónGuanajuato Mexico
| | - Hugo Alvarado-Garnica
- Laboratorio de Investigación Interdisciplinaria, Área de Nanoestructuras y Biomateriales. Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores (ENES) Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. León, Guanajuato, México. , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Laboratorio de Investigación Interdisciplinaria, Área de Nanoestructuras y Biomateriales Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores (ENES) Unidad León Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México LeónGuanajuato Mexico
| | - Luis David Gutiérrez-Verdín
- División de Ciencias e Ingenierías Campus León, Universidad de Guanajuato. León, Guanajuato, México. Universidad de Guanajuato División de Ciencias e Ingenierías Campus León Universidad de Guanajuato LeónGuanajuato Mexico
| | - Francisco Germán Villanueva-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Investigación Interdisciplinaria (LII), Área de Patología Oral y Maxilofacial. Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores (ENES) Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. León, Guanajuato, México. , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Laboratorio de Investigación Interdisciplinaria (LII), Área de Patología Oral y Maxilofacial Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores (ENES) Unidad León Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México LeónGuanajuato Mexico
| | - René García-Contreras
- Laboratorio de Investigación Interdisciplinaria, Área de Nanoestructuras y Biomateriales. Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores (ENES) Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. León, Guanajuato, México. , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Laboratorio de Investigación Interdisciplinaria, Área de Nanoestructuras y Biomateriales Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores (ENES) Unidad León Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México LeónGuanajuato Mexico
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13
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Pramanik KK, Mishra R. ERK-mediated upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 promotes the invasiveness in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Exp Cell Res 2021; 411:112984. [PMID: 34951997 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loco-regional invasion is commonly found in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and is associated with its poor survival rate. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) has been implicated in OSCC progression, but its regulation is poorly understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, one hundred twenty-seven different post-operated human oral cancer tissue samples were analyzed. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, protein expression, and MMP-2 activity and MT1-MMP, TIMP-2, and TFs (NFκB, AP1, Sp1, and Twist) were observed semi-quantitative RT-PCR, western blotting, and gelatin zymography. In addition, OSCC derived Cal-27, SCC4/9 cells, photochemical ECGC, and MAPK-pathway inhibitor PD98059 were utilized for in vitro testing and wound healing assay. RESULT s: Increased protein and activity level of MMP-2 was detected in non-invasive (N0) and invasive (N1-3) oral tumors as compared to the control (adjacent normal) samples. MMP-2 protein and mRNA expression were positively associated with the TFs and MT1-MMP, negatively associated with TIMP-2 expression. Similarly, the MMP-2 expression/activity was related to several signal-transduction pathways like ERK1/2 and wnt-β-catenin pathways. Treatment of ECGC/MEK inhibitor (PD98059) diminished MMP-2 activity and invasion/migration potential in OSCC. CONCLUSION Our research suggests that the ERK1/2 driven overexpression/activation of MMP-2 was linked with the overall OSCC invasion and metastasis. Treatment of MEK inhibitor (PD98059) and ECGC diminished MMP-2 activity and thus could be exploited as a therapeutic strategy to control the invasive OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamdeo Kumar Pramanik
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi, 835205, Jharkhand, India.
| | - Rajakishore Mishra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi, 835205, Jharkhand, India.
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14
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Barillari G, Bei R, Manzari V, Modesti A. Infection by High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses, Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Squamous Pre-Malignant or Malignant Lesions of the Uterine Cervix: A Series of Chained Events? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13543. [PMID: 34948338 PMCID: PMC8703928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing requires static epithelial cells to gradually assume a mobile phenotype through a multi-step process termed epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Although it is inherently transient and reversible, EMT perdures and is abnormally activated when the epithelium is chronically exposed to pathogens: this event deeply alters the tissue and eventually contributes to the development of diseases. Among the many of them is uterine cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), the most frequent malignancy of the female genital system. SCC, whose onset is associated with the persistent infection of the uterine cervix by high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs), often relapses and/or metastasizes, being resistant to conventional chemo- or radiotherapy. Given that these fearsome clinical features may stem, at least in part, from the exacerbated and long-lasting EMT occurring in the HPV-infected cervix; here we have reviewed published studies concerning the impact that HPV oncoproteins, cellular tumor suppressors, regulators of gene expression, inflammatory cytokines or growth factors, and the interactions among these effectors have on EMT induction and cervical carcinogenesis. It is predictable and desirable that a broader comprehension of the role that EMT inducers play in SCC pathogenesis will provide indications to flourish new strategies directed against this aggressive tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Barillari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 1 via Montellier, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (V.M.); (A.M.)
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15
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Cheng Y, Li S, Gao L, Zhi K, Ren W. The Molecular Basis and Therapeutic Aspects of Cisplatin Resistance in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:761379. [PMID: 34746001 PMCID: PMC8569522 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.761379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a kind of malignant tumors with low survival rate and prone to have early metastasis and recurrence. Cisplatin is an alkylating agent which induces DNA damage through the formation of cisplatin-DNA adducts, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In the management of advanced OSCC, cisplatin-based chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy has been considered as the first-line treatment. Unfortunately, only a portion of OSCC patients can benefit from cisplatin treatment, both inherent resistance and acquired resistance greatly limit the efficacy of cisplatin and even cause treatment failure. Herein, this review outline the underlying mechanisms of cisplatin resistance in OSCC from the aspects of DNA damage and repair, epigenetic regulation, transport processes, programmed cell death and tumor microenvironment. In addition, this review summarizes the strategies applicable to overcome cisplatin resistance, which can provide new ideas to improve the clinical therapeutic outcome of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Cheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shaoming Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Key Lab of Oral Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Keqian Zhi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Key Lab of Oral Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenhao Ren
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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16
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Nanog, in Cooperation with AP1, Increases the Expression of E6/E7 Oncogenes from HPV Types 16/18. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081482. [PMID: 34452350 PMCID: PMC8402821 DOI: 10.3390/v13081482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infections with some types of human papillomavirus (HPV) constitute the major etiological factor for cervical cancer development. Nanog, a stem cell transcription factor has been shown to increase during cancer progression. We wanted to determine whether Nanog could modulate transcription of E6 and E7 oncogenes. We used luciferase reporters under the regulation of the long control region (LCR) of HPV types 16 and 18 (HPV16/18) and performed RT-qPCR. We found that Nanog increases activity of both viral regulatory regions and elevates endogenous E6/E7 mRNA levels in cervical cancer-derived cells. We demonstrated by in vitro mutagenesis that changes at Nanog-binding sites found in the HPV18 LCR significantly inhibit transcriptional activation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed that Nanog binds in vivo to the HPV18 LCR, and its overexpression increases its binding as well as that of c-Jun. Surprisingly, we observed that mutation of AP1-binding sites also affect Nanog's ability to activate transcription, suggesting cooperation between the two factors. We searched for putative Nanog-binding sites in the LCR of several HPVs and surprisingly found them only in those types associated with cancer development. Our study shows, for the first time, a role for Nanog in the regulation of E6/E7 transcription of HPV16/18.
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