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Shi Z, Hu C, Zheng X, Sun C, Li Q. Feedback loop between hypoxia and energy metabolic reprogramming aggravates the radioresistance of cancer cells. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:55. [PMID: 38778409 PMCID: PMC11110349 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00519-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the mainstream approaches for cancer treatment, although the clinical outcomes are limited due to the radioresistance of tumor cells. Hypoxia and metabolic reprogramming are the hallmarks of tumor initiation and progression and are closely linked to radioresistance. Inside a tumor, the rate of angiogenesis lags behind cell proliferation, and the underdevelopment and abnormal functions of blood vessels in some loci result in oxygen deficiency in cancer cells, i.e., hypoxia. This prevents radiation from effectively eliminating the hypoxic cancer cells. Cancer cells switch to glycolysis as the main source of energy, a phenomenon known as the Warburg effect, to sustain their rapid proliferation rates. Therefore, pathways involved in metabolic reprogramming and hypoxia-induced radioresistance are promising intervention targets for cancer treatment. In this review, we discussed the mechanisms and pathways underlying radioresistance due to hypoxia and metabolic reprogramming in detail, including DNA repair, role of cancer stem cells, oxidative stress relief, autophagy regulation, angiogenesis and immune escape. In addition, we proposed the existence of a feedback loop between energy metabolic reprogramming and hypoxia, which is associated with the development and exacerbation of radioresistance in tumors. Simultaneous blockade of this feedback loop and other tumor-specific targets can be an effective approach to overcome radioresistance of cancer cells. This comprehensive overview provides new insights into the mechanisms underlying tumor radiosensitivity and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Shi
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cuilan Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaogang Zheng
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Qiang Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Taghizadeh-Hesary F, Houshyari M, Farhadi M. Mitochondrial metabolism: a predictive biomarker of radiotherapy efficacy and toxicity. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:6719-6741. [PMID: 36719474 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiotherapy is a mainstay of cancer treatment. Clinical studies revealed a heterogenous response to radiotherapy, from a complete response to even disease progression. To that end, finding the relative prognostic factors of disease outcomes and predictive factors of treatment efficacy and toxicity is essential. It has been demonstrated that radiation response depends on DNA damage response, cell cycle phase, oxygen concentration, and growth rate. Emerging evidence suggests that altered mitochondrial metabolism is associated with radioresistance. METHODS This article provides a comprehensive evaluation of the role of mitochondria in radiotherapy efficacy and toxicity. In addition, it demonstrates how mitochondria might be involved in the famous 6Rs of radiobiology. RESULTS In terms of this idea, decreasing the mitochondrial metabolism of cancer cells may increase radiation response, and enhancing the mitochondrial metabolism of normal cells may reduce radiation toxicity. Enhancing the normal cells (including immune cells) mitochondrial metabolism can potentially improve the tumor response by enhancing immune reactivation. Future studies are invited to examine the impacts of mitochondrial metabolism on radiation efficacy and toxicity. Improving radiotherapy response with diminishing cancer cells' mitochondrial metabolism, and reducing radiotherapy toxicity with enhancing normal cells' mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Clinical Oncology Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Houshyari
- Clinical Oncology Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farhadi
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Pu Z, Sui B, Wang X, Wang W, Li L, Xie H. The effects and mechanisms of the anti-COVID-19 traditional Chinese medicine, Dehydroandrographolide from Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall, on acute lung injury by the inhibition of NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154753. [PMID: 37084628 PMCID: PMC10060206 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dehydroandrographolide (Deh) from Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall has strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. PURPOSE To explore the role of Deh in acute lung injury (ALI) of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and its inflammatory molecular mechanism. METHODS Liposaccharide (LPS) was injected into a C57BL/6 mouse model of ALI, and LPS + adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was used to stimulate BMDMs in an in vitro model of ALI. RESULTS In an in vivo and in vitro model of ALI, Deh considerably reduced inflammation and oxidative stress by inhibiting NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis and attenuated mitochondrial damage to suppress NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis through the suppression of ROS production by inhibiting the Akt/Nrf2 pathway. Deh inhibited the interaction between Akt at T308 and PDPK1 at S549 to promote Akt protein phosphorylation. Deh directly targeted PDPK1 protein and accelerated PDPK1 ubiquitination. 91-GLY, 111-LYS, 126-TYR, 162-ALA, 205-ASP and 223-ASP may be the reason for the interaction between PDPK1 and Deh. CONCLUSION Deh from Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall presented NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis in a model of ALI through ROS-induced mitochondrial damage through inhibition of the Akt/Nrf2 pathway by PDPK1 ubiquitination. Therefore, it can be concluded that Deh may be a potential therapeutic drug for the treatment of ALI in COVID-19 or other respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichen Pu
- Drug Clinical Evaluation, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China; Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bangzhi Sui
- Department of Pediatric surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
| | - Xingwen Wang
- Drug Clinical Evaluation, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
| | - Wusuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
| | - Lingling Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China.
| | - Haitang Xie
- Drug Clinical Evaluation, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China.
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Cantù G. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. A "different" head and neck tumour. Part B: treatment, prognostic factors, and outcomes. ACTA OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGICA ITALICA : ORGANO UFFICIALE DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI OTORINOLARINGOLOGIA E CHIRURGIA CERVICO-FACCIALE 2023; 43:155-169. [PMID: 37204840 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-n2223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Cantù
- Former Director of Otorhinolaryngology and Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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Li B, Lv Y, Zhang C, Xiang C. lncRNA HOXA11-AS maintains the stemness of oral squamous cell carcinoma stem cells and reduces the radiosensitivity by targeting miR-518a-3p/PDK1. J Oral Pathol Med 2023; 52:216-225. [PMID: 36661031 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevailing oral malignancy. The lncRNA HOXA11-AS shows prominent roles in OSCC. This study explored the effects of lncRNA HOXA11-AS on regulating OSCC stem cell stemness and radiosensitivity by targeting miR-518a-3p/PDK1. METHODS Human OSCC cell lines SCC9 and SCC15 were selected. CD133+ cancer stem cells (CSCs) were sorted by immunomagnetic beads. CD133 expression in cells and HOXA11-AS expression in SCC9, SCC15, and CD133+ SCC9, CD133+ SCC15 cells were assessed by flow cytometry and RT-qPCR. HOXA11-AS was silenced/overexpressed in SCC9, SCC15, CD133+ SCC9, and CD133+ SCC15 cells. Cell proliferation, radiosensitivity, invasion, and stem cell sphere formation ability were examined by CCK-8, colony formation, Transwell, and stem cell sphere formation. The levels of stemness-related genes (Oct4, Nanog, Sox2), miR-518a-3p, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins (E-cadherin, Vimentin, N-cadherin), and PDK1 were assessed by RT-qPCR and Western blot assay. RESULTS HOXA11-AS was up-regulated in SCC9, SCC15, CD133+ SCC9, and CD133+ SCC15 cells. HOXA11-AS silencing inhibited OSCC proliferation and invasion and enhanced radiosensitivity. HOXA11-AS maintained CSC stemness in OSCC. HOXA11-AS silencing reduced CD133+ SCC9 and CD133+ SCC15 stem cell sphere formation ability, reduced stem cell stemness-related gene levels, and inhibited EMT. HOXA11-AS regulated OSCC stem cell stemness and radiosensitivity by targeting miR-518a-3p. PDK1 overexpression annulled the regulatory effects of HOXA11-AS silencing on OSCC cell stem cell stemness and radiosensitivity. CONCLUSION In vitro lncRNA HOXA11-AS silencing inhibited OSCC stem cell stemness by targeting the miR-518a-3p/PDK1 axis, thus enhancing OSCC cell radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojun Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuanjing Lv
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Cheng Xiang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Li HL, Deng NH, He XS, Li YH. Small biomarkers with massive impacts: PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling and microRNA crosstalk regulate nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Biomark Res 2022; 10:52. [PMID: 35883139 PMCID: PMC9327212 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00397-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common malignant tumours of the head and neck in Southeast Asia and southern China. The Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway is involved in processes related to tumour initiation/progression, such as proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and drug resistance, and is closely related to the clinicopathological features of NPC. In addition, key genes involved in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway undergo many changes in NPC. More interestingly, a growing body of evidence suggests an interaction between this signalling pathway and microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small noncoding RNAs. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the interactions between key components of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway and various miRNAs and their importance in NPC pathology and explore potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Long Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute of Medical College, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Nian-Hua Deng
- Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Sheng He
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute of Medical College, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China.
| | - Yue-Hua Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, P.R. China.
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