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Schmidt A, Singer D, Aden H, von Woedtke T, Bekeschus S. Gas Plasma Exposure Alters Microcirculation and Inflammation during Wound Healing in a Diabetic Mouse Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:68. [PMID: 38247492 PMCID: PMC10812527 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes can disrupt physiological wound healing, caused by decreased levels or impaired activity of angiogenic factors. This can contribute to chronic inflammation, poor formation of new blood vessels, and delayed re-epithelialization. The present study describes the preclinical application of medical gas plasma to treat a dermal, full-thickness ear wound in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Gas plasma-mediated effects occurred in both sexes but with gender-specific differences. Hyperspectral imaging demonstrated gas plasma therapy changing microcirculatory parameters, particularly oxygen saturation levels during wound healing, presumably due to the gas plasma's tissue delivery of reactive species and other bioactive components. In addition, gas plasma treatment significantly affected cell adhesion by regulating focal adhesion kinase and vinculin, which is important in maintaining skin barrier function by regulating syndecan expression and increasing re-epithelialization. An anticipated stimulation of blood vessel formation was detected via transcriptional and translational increase of angiogenic factors in gas plasma-exposed wound tissue. Moreover, gas plasma treatment significantly affected inflammation by modulating systemic growth factors and cytokine levels. The presented findings may help explain the mode of action of successful clinical plasma therapy of wounds of diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Schmidt
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Debora Singer
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venerology, Rostock University Medical Center, Strempelstr. 13, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Henrike Aden
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas von Woedtke
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Greifswald University Medical Center, Sauerbruchstr., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venerology, Rostock University Medical Center, Strempelstr. 13, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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2
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Clinical relevance of CYFRA 21-1 as a tumour marker in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 277:2561-2571. [PMID: 32285192 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-05962-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of Cytokeratin fraction 21-1 (CYFRA 21-1) as a tumour marker for head and neck cancer is still a matter of research. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical impact of CYFRA 21-1 for patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Data of 180 patients with an initial diagnosis of OSCC of any stage between 2003 and 2017 were retrospectively analysed regarding the association between pretherapeutic CYFRA 21-1 levels, clinical characteristics, overall and disease-free survival. Additionally, the potential of CYFRA 21-1 for the detection of recurrent disease in the follow-up was evaluated. The cut-off value was set at 3.3 ng/ml. The median follow-up time was 2.85 years. RESULTS A significant correlation of the CYFRA 21-1 concentration at the time of diagnosis and the N-stage was detected (p = 0.01). Patients with CYFRA 21-1 levels > 3.3 ng/ml at first diagnosis showed a significantly shorter overall survival. In the case of disease-progression, a significant increase of CYFRA 21-1 value was found compared to post-therapeutic CYFRA 21-1 levels (9.1 ng/ml versus 5.1 ng/ml; p < 0.01). CYFRA 21-1 level after treatment showed only a low sensitivity of 32% and a specificity of 78% for tumour recurrence. CONCLUSION CYFRA 21-1 correlates with the tumour stage and, therefore, the survival of OSCC patients. Posttreatment CYFRA21-1 seems not to be a suitable predictor of tumour recurrence in the further course of the disease. However, a sudden increase of CYFRA 21-1 during follow-up may indicate a tumour recurrence in the individual patient.
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3
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Tracing tumorigenesis in a solid tumor model at single-cell resolution. Nat Commun 2020; 11:991. [PMID: 32080185 PMCID: PMC7033116 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterizing the complex composition of solid tumors is fundamental for understanding tumor initiation, progression and metastasis. While patient-derived samples provide valuable insight, they are heterogeneous on multiple molecular levels, and often originate from advanced tumor stages. Here, we use single-cell transcriptome and epitope profiling together with pathway and lineage analyses to study tumorigenesis from a developmental perspective in a mouse model of salivary gland squamous cell carcinoma. We provide a comprehensive cell atlas and characterize tumor-specific cells. We find that these cells are connected along a reproducible developmental trajectory: initiated in basal cells exhibiting an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition signature, tumorigenesis proceeds through Wnt-differential cancer stem cell-like subpopulations before differentiating into luminal-like cells. Our work provides unbiased insights into tumor-specific cellular identities in a whole tissue environment, and emphasizes the power of using defined genetic model systems. Understanding tumour development at a granular level is a challenge in solid tumours. Here, the authors provide a cell atlas across tumour development in a genetic model of salivary gland squamous cell carcinoma using single-cell transcriptome and epitope profiling.
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4
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Schreurs O, Karatsaidis A, Balta MG, Grung B, Hals EKB, Schenck K. Expression of keratins 8, 18, and 19 in epithelia of atrophic oral lichen planus. Eur J Oral Sci 2020; 128:7-17. [PMID: 31994252 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Keratins form intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton in keratinocytes and have roles in cell structure, signaling, intracellular transport, and cell death. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an oral inflammatory disease with derangements in basal keratinocytes and disruption of the basal membrane. Here, we focused on epithelial expression of keratins 8, 18, and 19 because these proteins are known to modulate cell death. Biopsies were taken from buccal oral mucosa of persons with normal oral mucosa (n = 10) or atrophic OLP (n = 10). Cultured normal oral keratinocytes (n = 4) showed expression of mRNA and protein for keratins 8, 18, and 19. Immunohistochemistry showed consistent staining for keratins 8 and 18 in basal keratinocytes of normal oral mucosa. In OLP, staining for keratin (K)8 was mostly negative and staining for K18 was weak. Keratin 19 was expressed irregularly in most biopsies of normal oral mucosa and not at all in OLP. Several mononuclear leukocytes in the cellular infiltrate showed membrane staining for K8 and K18. Positive staining for K16 confirmed partial collapse of the basal cell layer in OLP. The basal cell niche in OLP therefore appeared to be partly populated with keratinocytes demonstrating a higher degree of differentiation (K8- K18- K19- K16+ ); consequently, such areas may be more susceptible to the action of cell death factors released from the cell infiltrate as a result of lacking the protective, normal keratin present in the basal epithelial cell layer of normal oral mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olav Schreurs
- The CrossTalk Group, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Karatsaidis
- The CrossTalk Group, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria G Balta
- The CrossTalk Group, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Else K B Hals
- TannSpes and Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karl Schenck
- The CrossTalk Group, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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5
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Rudhart SA, Schultz JD, Gehrt F, Pavel FL, Birk R, Hoch M, Stuck BA, Hoch S. CYFRA 21-1: a suitable tumor marker in patients with head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma? Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 276:3467-3475. [PMID: 31482332 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-019-05614-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The clinical significance of cytokeratin fraction 21-1 (CYFRA 21-1) for patients with head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is unknown. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical value of CYFRA 21-1 in the context of treatment and follow-up for these patients. METHODS The clinical, histological and laboratory data of a total of 55 patients with the first diagnosis of head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (T1-T4, N0-N2b, M0-1) between 2003 and 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. In 25 cases, the primary tumor could be treated successfully without residual or recurrent disease in the further course. The average follow-up period was 2.3 years. In all patients, pretherapeutic determination of CYFRA 21-1 was performed using the ECLIA test kit. The cut-off value was set at 3.3 ng/ml. RESULTS In 18 patients (32.7%), regional recurrence was found in the course of treatment. Distant metastases could be observed in two patients (3.6%). In these cases, no significant increase of CYFRA 21-1 blood concentration was detected at the time of recurrence/metastasis. At the time of the first diagnosis, the mean value of CYFRA 21-1 blood concentration was 2.4 ng/ml; and in cases of regional recurrence or distant metastases, the initial mean CYFRA 21-1 concentration was 2.0 ng/ml. There was no statistically significant relationship between CYFRA 21-1 blood concentration and analyzed tumor characteristics. CONCLUSIONS According to current knowledge, the tumor marker CYFRA 21-1 is not clinically significant for treatment and follow-up of patients with head and neck CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan A Rudhart
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Johannes D Schultz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Francesca Gehrt
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Friederike L Pavel
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Richard Birk
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Melika Hoch
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Boris A Stuck
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Hoch
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
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Sgaramella N, Wilms T, Boldrup L, Loljung L, Gu X, Coates PJ, Hassellöf P, Califano L, Lo Muzio L, Fåhraeus R, Norberg Spaak L, Franco R, Tartaro G, Colella G, Santagata M, Dell'Aversana Orabona G, Chirico F, Danielsson K, Troiano G, Ardito F, Nylander K. Ethnicity based variation in expression of E-cadherin in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6603-6607. [PMID: 30405799 PMCID: PMC6202509 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral tongue is the most common site for tumours within the oral cavity. Despite intense research, there has been no improvement in the survival rate for patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) during the last decades. Differences between oral cancer patients based on ethno-geographical distribution have been reported. The present study used immunohistochemistry to evaluate commonly used markers of cancer cell phenotypes, E-cadherin, β-catenin and cytokeratins 5 and 19, in 120 patients with OTSCC. To evaluate the impact of ethnicity, patients from Sweden and Italy were included. A higher proportion of Swedish patients exhibited high expression of E-cadherin in their tumours (P=0.039), and high levels of E-cadherin in Swedish OTSCC patients that had succumbed to their disease were associated with poor prognosis. These data demonstrated differences in the pathological characteristics of OTSCC between two different European populations. The findings emphasise the need to take ethnicity/geographical location of patients into account when comparing results from different studies of OTSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Sgaramella
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden.,Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Specialties, Second University of Naples, I-801 38 Naples, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, I-801 38 Naples, Italy
| | - Torben Wilms
- Department of Clinical Sciences/ENT, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Linda Boldrup
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lotta Loljung
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Xiaolian Gu
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Philip J Coates
- RECAMO, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Hassellöf
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Luigi Califano
- Department of Neuroscience Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, I-801 38 Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, I-71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Robin Fåhraeus
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden.,RECAMO, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic.,University Paris Diderot, INSERM UMRS1162, Paris, 75010, France
| | - Lena Norberg Spaak
- Department of Clinical Sciences/ENT, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Renato Franco
- Dipartimento Universitario di Anatomia Patologica, Second University of Naples, Piazza Miraglia, I-801 38 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Tartaro
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Specialties, Second University of Naples, I-801 38 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Colella
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Specialties, Second University of Naples, I-801 38 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Santagata
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Specialties, Second University of Naples, I-801 38 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Dell'Aversana Orabona
- Department of Neuroscience Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, I-801 38 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Chirico
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Specialties, Second University of Naples, I-801 38 Naples, Italy
| | - Karin Danielsson
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Giuseppe Troiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, I-71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Fatima Ardito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, I-71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Karin Nylander
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden
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7
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Yoshida K, Sato K, Tonogi M, Tanaka Y, Yamane GY, Katakura A. Expression of Cytokeratin 14 and 19 in Process of Oral Carcinogenesis. THE BULLETIN OF TOKYO DENTAL COLLEGE 2018; 56:105-11. [PMID: 26084998 DOI: 10.2209/tdcpublication.56.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cytokeratins (CK) are abundant in keratinized cells, particularly CK14 and CK19, which are expressed in stratified squamous epithelial cells. In this study, expression of CK14 and 19 was examined in human epithelial and dysplastic tissues. Surgical specimens from patients with clinically diagnosed oral leukoplakia or early cancer were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and classified into normal, low grade dysplasia (LGD), high grade dysplasia (HGD), or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The sections were examined by immunostaining and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for CK14 and CK19. Expression and the results of RT-PCR for CK14 showed a decrease in the order of LGD, HGD, and SCC, whereas those of CK19 showed an increase in that order. These results suggest that decreased expression of CK14 and increased expression of CK19 serve as indicators of potential for malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Yoshida
- Department of Oral Medicine, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College
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8
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Saitoh T, Sato K, Tonogi M, Tanaka Y, Yamane GY. Expression of Cytokeratin 13, 14, 17, and 19 in 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide-induced Oral Carcinogenesis in Rat. THE BULLETIN OF TOKYO DENTAL COLLEGE 2018; 57:241-251. [PMID: 28049972 DOI: 10.2209/tdcpublication.2010-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The management of epithelial dysplastic spread around an oral squamous cell carci-noma is very important, particularly intraoperatively. Both cytokeratin (CK) 14 and CK19 are believed to be involved in the development of precancerous lesions, and their expression profiles are quite specific in these and early cancer lesions. Here, expression of CK13, 14, 17, and 19 was investigated in a rat model of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide-induced tongue cancer during a series of carcinogenetic processes to determine their value in assessing the features of epithelial dysplastic spread around a cancer. Based on tissue conditions, the results showed that expression levels of CK13 and 14 decreased in the order of no change, dysplasia, and cancer, whereas those of CK17 and 19 increased in the same order. Expression of CK13 showed a significant difference among no change, dysplasia, and cancer. This indicates that comparing the immunohistochemical staining profiles of CKs, especially CK13, could help in assessing the characteristics of epithelial dysplastic spread around a cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyoshi Saitoh
- Department of Oral Medicine, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College
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9
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Hoshino M, Inoue H, Kikuchi K, Miyazaki Y, Yoshino A, Hara H, Terui T, Kusama K, Sakashita H. Comparative study of cytokeratin and langerin expression in keratinized cystic lesions of the oral and maxillofacial regions. J Oral Sci 2017; 57:287-94. [PMID: 26666851 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.57.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Dermoid cysts (DMCs) and epidermoid cysts (EDMCs) usually arise in soft tissues, whereas orthokeratinized odontogenic cysts (OOCs) and keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KCOTs) develop in the jaw. In this study, we performed immunohistochemical analysis of cytokeratins (CKs) to examine differences in the lining epithelium of DMCs, EDMCs, OOCs, and KCOTs. In addition, we carried out immunohistochemical examination of langerin to clarify the biological characteristics of the orthokeratinized lining epithelium of DMCs, EDMCs, and OOCs. Seven DMCs, 30 EDMCs, 11 OOCs, and 28 KCOTs were examined immunohistochemically using antibodies against CK10, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19, and langerin. Immunoreactivities for CKs and langerin in oral DMCs and EDMCs were similar to those of lesions affecting the skin. Positive reactivity for CK13 and 17 was evident in OOCs, but not in DMCs/EDMCs. CK10 was significantly positive in all layers except for the basal layer in OOCs, but was negative in KCOTs. CK17 was positive in all layers in KCOTs, and in all layers except for the basal layer in both OOCs and dentigerous cysts. CK19 was negative in OOCs. Langerhans cells were found mainly in OOCs, but were hardly evident in KCOTs. These results suggest that DMCs/EDMCs, OOCs and KCOTs are independent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyako Hoshino
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry
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10
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Cohen-Kerem R, Madah W, Sabo E, Rahat MA, Greenberg E, Elmalah I. Cytokeratin-17 as a Potential Marker for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2016; 113:821-7. [PMID: 15535145 DOI: 10.1177/000348940411301008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To assess cytokeratin-17 (CK17) as an immunohistochemical marker for squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx, we stained 63 tissue samples from 63 consecutive patients who were believed or suspected to have squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx for CK17 and analyzed them by computerized histomorphometry. The mean staining intensity for CK17 was significantly stronger (p < .01) in cancerous cells, dysplasia, and normal epithelium proximal to the tumor than in distal normal epithelium and polyps. The percentage of stained area, within samples taken from a single patient, was significantly higher in malignancy and dysplasia as compared to distal normal epithelium and in malignancy as compared to dysplasia and proximal normal epithelium (p < .001). The integrated optical density was significantly higher in the malignant epithelium, dysplasia, polyps, and proximal normal epithelium than in distal normal epithelium (p < .0001). We conclude that CK17 is a highly sensitive and specific immunohistochemical marker for premalignant and malignant transformation in the larynx. Further investigation is warranted in order to assess the role of CK17 in determining safe resection borders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raanan Cohen-Kerem
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Carmel Medical Center, Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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11
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Safadi RA, Quda BF, Hammad HM. Immunohistochemical expression of K6, K8, K16, K17, K19, maspin, syndecan-1 (CD138), α-SMA, and Ki-67 in ameloblastoma and ameloblastic carcinoma: diagnostic and prognostic correlations. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2015; 121:402-11. [PMID: 26972539 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify cutoff values of markers that correlate with the histopathologic diagnosis of ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) and/or the increased recurrence potential of ameloblastoma (AB). STUDY DESIGN Immunohistochemical expression (IHCE) of 9 selected markers were investigated in 18 non-recurrent ameloblastomas (NRABs), 6 recurrent ameloblastomas (RABs), and 5 ACs. RESULTS No significant difference in IHCE of K6, K8, K16, K17, K18, K19, maspin, or syndecan-1 was observed among study groups. α Smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive area in central epithelial cells significantly differentiated between AB and AC (P = .017; t -test). Ki-67 score significantly differentiated between AB and AC (P < .005; t -test) and between AC and RAB (P = .015; ANOVA/post hoc). CONCLUSIONS Ki-67 score of 75 cells/HPF (ROC curve) is a potential indicator of AC. Clinical recurrence of AB may be predicted by α-SMA expression pattern. Syndecan-1 and α-SMA may indicate a higher aggressive potential of AB when expressed in the stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima A Safadi
- Associate Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Basma F Quda
- Oral Medicine Specialist, Ministry of Health, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Huda M Hammad
- Associate Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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12
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Dowdall JR, Sadow PM, Hartnick C, Vinarsky V, Mou H, Zhao R, Song PC, Franco RA, Rajagopal J. Identification of distinct layers within the stratified squamous epithelium of the adult human true vocal fold. Laryngoscope 2015; 125:E313-9. [PMID: 25988619 DOI: 10.1002/lary.25264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS A precise molecular schema for classifying the different cell types of the normal human vocal fold epithelium is lacking. We hypothesize that the true vocal fold epithelium has a cellular architecture and organization similar to that of other stratified squamous epithelia including the skin, cornea, oral mucosa, and esophagus. In analogy to disorders of the skin and gastrointestinal tract, a molecular definition of the normal cell types within the human vocal fold epithelium and a description of their geometric relationships should serve as a foundation for characterizing cellular changes associated with metaplasia, dysplasia, and cancer. STUDY DESIGN Qualitative study with adult human larynges. METHODS Histologic sections of normal human laryngeal tissue were analyzed for morphology (hematoxylin and eosin) and immunohistochemical protein expression profile, including cytokeratins (CK13 and CK14), cornified envelope proteins (involucrin), basal cells (NGFR/p75), and proliferation markers (Ki67). RESULTS We demonstrated that three distinct cell strata with unique marker profiles are present within the stratified squamous epithelium of the true vocal fold. We used these definitions to establish that cell proliferation is restricted to certain cell types and layers within the epithelium. These distinct cell types are reproducible across five normal adult larynges. CONCLUSION We have established that three layers of cells are present within the normal adult stratified squamous epithelium of the true vocal fold. Furthermore, replicating cell populations are largely restricted to the parabasal strata within the epithelium. This delineation of distinct cell populations will facilitate future studies of vocal fold regeneration and cancer. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayme R Dowdall
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School.,Center for Regenerative Medicine.,Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston
| | - Peter M Sadow
- Departments of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School.,Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary
| | - Christopher Hartnick
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School.,Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary
| | - Vladimir Vinarsky
- Center for Regenerative Medicine.,Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | | | - Rui Zhao
- Center for Regenerative Medicine
| | - Phillip C Song
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School.,Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary
| | - Ramon A Franco
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School.,Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary
| | - Jayaraj Rajagopal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School.,Center for Regenerative Medicine.,Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A
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13
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Yamada R, Kitajima K, Arai K, Igarashi M. Cytokeratin expression of engrafted three-dimensional culture tissues using epithelial cells derived from porcine periodontal ligaments. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 43:637-45. [PMID: 24762372 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the differentiation and proliferation of epithelial cells derived from periodontal ligaments after three-dimensional culture using collagen gel with fibroblasts in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Epithelial cells and fibroblasts were derived from porcine periodontal ligaments. Epithelial cells were labeled using a fluorescent red membrane marker (PKH-26GL) and were seeded onto collagen gel with fibroblasts, followed by incubation in an air-liquid interface for 7 days. Three-dimensional cultures were grafted onto the backs of nude mice and removed at 1, 7, and 14 days after surgery (in vivo model). Unfixed sections (5 μm) were used to detect the presence of red fluorescent cells. Paraffin sections were analyzed histologically and immunohistochemically. Specimens were compared with three-dimensional culture tissues at 8, 14 and 21 days (in vitro model). RESULTS Grafted three-dimensional cultures formed a stratified epithelial structure similar to skin in vivo. Epithelial cells were sequenced in basal-layer-like structures at 14 days in vivo. Immunohistochemical findings showed that the expression of cytokeratin was detected in the epithelial layer in in vitro and in vivo models. Ck8 + 18 + 19 was expressed in the upper epithelial layer in the in vitro model at 14 and 21 days, but not in vivo. Involucrin was expressed in the certified layers in vitro at 14 days, but not in vivo. Laminin was detected at the dermo-epidermal junction in vivo at 7 and 14 days, but not in vitro. CONCLUSION These results suggest that differentiation of three-dimensional culture tissues differs in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Yamada
- Advanced Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, The Nippon Dental University, Graduate School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata City, Japan
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Liggett TE, Griffiths TD, Gaillard ER. Isolation and characterization of a spontaneously immortalized bovine retinal pigmented epithelial cell line. BMC Cell Biol 2009; 10:33. [PMID: 19413901 PMCID: PMC3152772 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-10-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Retinal Pigmented Epithelium (RPE) is juxtaposed with the photoreceptor outer segments of the eye. The proximity of the photoreceptor cells is a prerequisite for their survival, as they depend on the RPE to remove the outer segments and are also influenced by RPE cell paracrine factors. RPE cell death can cause a progressive loss of photoreceptor function, which can diminish vision and, over time, blindness ensues. Degeneration of the retina has been shown to induce a variety of retinopathies, such as Stargardt's disease, Cone-Rod Dystrophy (CRD), Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP), Fundus Flavimaculatus (FFM), Best's disease and Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). We have cultured primary bovine RPE cells to gain a further understanding of the mechanisms of RPE cell death. One of the cultures, named tRPE, surpassed senescence and was further characterized to determine its viability as a model for retinal diseases. RESULTS The tRPE cell line has been passaged up to 150 population doublings and was shown to be morphologically similar to primary cells. They have been characterized to be of RPE origin by reverse transcriptase PCR and immunocytochemistry using the RPE-specific genes RPE65 and CRALBP and RPE-specific proteins RPE65 and Bestrophin. The tRPE cells are also immunoreactive to vimentin, cytokeratin and zonula occludens-1 antibodies. Chromosome analysis indicates a normal diploid number. The tRPE cells do not grow in suspension or in soft agar. After 3H thymidine incorporation, the cells do not appear to divide appreciably after confluency. CONCLUSION The tRPE cells are immortal, but still exhibit contact inhibition, serum dependence, monolayer growth and secrete an extra-cellular matrix. They retain the in-vivo morphology, gene expression and cell polarity. Additionally, the cells endocytose exogenous melanin, A2E and purified lipofuscin granules. This cell line may be a useful in-vitro research model for retinal maculopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Liggett
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
- Current address: Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - T Daniel Griffiths
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Gaillard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
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Kawai S, Ito E, Yamaguchi A, Eishi Y, Okada N. Immunohistochemical characteristics of odontogenic carcinomas: their use in diagnosing and elucidating histogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3353/omp.13.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Huhtala A, Nurmi SK, Tähti H, Salminen L, Alajuuma P, Rantala I, Helin H, Uusitalo H. The immunohistochemical characterisation of an SV40-immortalised human corneal epithelial cell line. Altern Lab Anim 2005; 31:409-17. [PMID: 15601246 DOI: 10.1177/026119290303100407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alternatives to the Draize rabbit eye irritation test are currently being investigated. Because of morphological and biochemical differences between the rabbit and the human eye, continuous human cell lines have been proposed for use in ocular toxicology studies. Single cell-type monolayer cultures in culture medium have been used extensively in ocular toxicology. In the present study, an SV40-immortalised human corneal epithelial (HCE) cell line was characterised immunohistochemically, by using 13 different monoclonal antibodies to cytokeratins (CKs), ranging from CK3 to CK20. The results from the monolayer HCE cell cultures were compared with those from the corneal epithelium of human corneal cryostat sections. Previous studies have shown that the morphology of the HCE cell is similar to that of primary cultured human corneal epithelial cells, and that the cells express the cornea-specific CK3. In the study reported here, we show that the cell line also expresses CKs 7, 8, 18 and 19. These CKs are typically expressed by simple epithelial cells, and are not found in the human cornea in vivo. Therefore, the monolayer HCE cell line grown in culture medium does not express the CK pattern that is typical of human corneal epithelium. This should be taken into consideration when using HCE cell cultures in similar single cell-type experiments for ocular toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Huhtala
- Medical School, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland
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17
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Ulanovski D, Stern Y, Roizman P, Druzd T, Shpitzer T, Gutman D, Feinmesser R. Value of minimal residual disease in patients with early cancer of the tongue. Am J Otolaryngol 2004; 25:240-4. [PMID: 15239029 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2004.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The clinical course of patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue is often unpredictable. Some patients have a fair course with good response to treatment, whereas others have aggressive locoregional disease despite diagnosis at an early stage. The purpose of the present study was to determine if histochemical staining for cytokeratins of the negative neck nodes obtained in prophylactic neck dissection could predict treatment failure in patients with SCC of the tongue. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between 1990 and 2000, 18 patients with early squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue (T1,T2N0M0) underwent partial glossectomy with neck dissection at the Rabin Medical Center in Israel. All had clear resection margins and no evidence of neck metastasis and were expected to do well. Nevertheless, 6 patients had an aggressive course and died of disease shortly after presentation because of local or regional failure. In an attempt to predict failure of treatment and patients' outcome, paraffin-embedded blocks from the pathologically negative lymph nodes were subjected to immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin using polyclonal antibodies. The antigen-antibody complex was identified by using the biotinylated secondary antibody and followed by the streptavidin-peroxidase detection method. RESULTS None of the 142 sections from pathologically negative lymph nodes stained positive for keratin. On multivariate analysis, a statistically significant relationship was found between disease-free survival, early recurrence (P =.03), and metastasis to the neck (P =.008). CONCLUSIONS Keratin staining failed to yield evidence of micrometastasis. Further studies with more samples are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ulanovski
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petah, Tikva, Israel
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18
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Chung CH, Parker JS, Karaca G, Wu J, Funkhouser WK, Moore D, Butterfoss D, Xiang D, Zanation A, Yin X, Shockley WW, Weissler MC, Dressler LG, Shores CG, Yarbrough WG, Perou CM. Molecular classification of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas using patterns of gene expression. Cancer Cell 2004; 5:489-500. [PMID: 15144956 DOI: 10.1016/s1535-6108(04)00112-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 473] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2003] [Revised: 02/02/2004] [Accepted: 03/09/2004] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The prognostication of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is largely based upon the tumor size and location and the presence of lymph node metastases. Here we show that gene expression patterns from 60 HNSCC samples assayed on cDNA microarrays allowed categorization of these tumors into four distinct subtypes. These subtypes showed statistically significant differences in recurrence-free survival and included a subtype with a possible EGFR-pathway signature, a mesenchymal-enriched subtype, a normal epithelium-like subtype, and a subtype with high levels of antioxidant enzymes. Supervised analyses to predict lymph node metastasis status were approximately 80% accurate when tumor subsite and pathological node status were considered simultaneously. This work represents an important step toward the identification of clinically significant biomarkers for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine H Chung
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbuilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbuilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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Qiu C, Wu H, He H, Qiu W. A cervical lymph node metastatic model of human tongue carcinoma: Serial and orthotopic transplantation of histologically intact patient specimens in nude mice. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2003; 61:696-700. [PMID: 12796881 DOI: 10.1053/joms.2003.50139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A lymph node metastatic model of human tongue carcinoma using orthotopic and serial transplantation was established in nude mice to study the invasive and metastatic properties of human tongue cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lymph node metastatic specimens of human tongue carcinoma were transplanted into nude mice orthotopically. Tumors dissected from the metastatic lymph nodes of the nude mice were serially transplanted into tongues of disease-free nude mice at 4-week intervals. RESULTS All mice developed aggressive and diffuse well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma at tongue recipient sites. Tumor cells invaded to lymphatic vessels. In addition, increased cervical lymph node metastasis was noted in the first (3 of 14, or 21%), second (4 of 11, or 36%), third (6 of 10, or 60%), or fourth (11 of 14, or 79%) transplantation. In mice, 2 of 14 lung metastases were found in the fourth round of transplantation. CONCLUSION After surgical specimens of the lymph node metastasis for human tongue cancer were transplanted into the tongue of nude mice, the clinical characteristics of human tongue carcinoma, especially invasion and metastasis, were observed. This metastatic model involving orthotopic and serial transplantation should be useful for studies on the mechanisms, treatment, and prevention of human carcinoma of tongue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunping Qiu
- Visiting Fellow, Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Lo AKF, Liu Y, Wang XH, Huang DP, Yuen PW, Wong YC, Tsao GSW. Alterations of biologic properties and gene expression in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells by the Epstein-Barr virus-encoded latent membrane protein 1. J Transl Med 2003; 83:697-709. [PMID: 12746479 DOI: 10.1097/01.lab.0000067480.44925.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is closely associated with EBV infection, and the EBV-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is frequently detected in NPC. However, little is known about the pathologic roles of LMP1 in this disease. Recently, we reported the morphologic transformation and increased expression of the LAMC2 and ITGalpha6 genes in LMP1-expressing NPC cell lines. In this study, we further examine the effects of LMP1 in an immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line called NP69. This cell line was established from primary nonmalignant nasopharyngeal epithelial cells and may represent a model of premalignant nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. LMP1 induced many phenotypic changes in NP69 cells. These include morphologic transformation, increased cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, resistance to serum free-induced cell death, and enhanced cell migration and invasion. In addition, expression array analysis identified 28 genes that demonstrated a more than 2-fold difference in expression of NP69 cells expressing LMP1 when compared with a vector control. Two of the up-regulated genes (VEGF and vimentin) identified have been previously reported as LMP1 targets. The majority of the identified genes are associated with cell growth, differentiation, cell shape, and invasion. The present findings support the proposed roles of LMP1 in promoting cell transformation, migration, and invasion in premalignant nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. The present study also indicates the activation of the Ras/MAPK pathway in LMP1-expressing cells, which may be involved in mediating some of the transforming effects of LMP1 observed in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells.
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Vora HH, Shah NG, Patel DD, Trivedi TI, Chikhlikar PR. Prognostic significance of biomarkers in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: multivariate analysis. J Surg Oncol 2003; 82:34-50. [PMID: 12501167 DOI: 10.1002/jso.10183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Expression of a panel of biomarkers, such as p53, Bcl-2, Cyclin D1, c-myc, p21ras, c-erb B2, cytokeratin-19 (CK-19), and factor VIII-related antigen (FVIII-RA), was studied together in anterior tongue tumors from the oral cavity and in posterior tongue tumors from the oropharynx of patients with early- and locally advanced-stage disease, to evaluate their prognostic value. METHODS The expression of the above-mentioned biomarkers was studied by immunohistochemical localization. RESULTS In this study, 18%, 26%, 62%, 75%, 73%, 50%, and 29% of the tumors exhibited p53, Bcl-2, Cyclin D1, c-myc, p21ras, c-erb B2, and CK-19 expression, respectively. Twenty percent of the tumors had a microvessel count of >0.0. The expression of these biomarkers was also correlated with clinicopathologic parameters. In early-stage patients with a tobacco habit, who showed borderline significance for relapse-free survival by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, this turned out to be significant, with the general linear model univariate survival analysis. In the total group, disease stage emerged as the most significant prognostic factor, followed by c-myc, when Cox forward stepwise regression and general linear model multivariate survival analysis were performed. However, Cyclin D1, which was significant by Cox forward stepwise regression analysis, lost its significance by general linear model multivariate analysis. In patients with early-stage disease, MVC, which was a significant predictor of disease relapse by Cox forward stepwise regression analysis, lost its significance by general linear model analysis because of small number of patients. In patients with locally advanced tongue cancer, multivariate survival analysis of individual biomarkers by both Cox forward stepwise regression and general linear model analysis indicated c-myc expression to be strongly indicative of poor prognosis. However, multivariate analysis of individual markers along with a combination of markers showed that only by Cox forward stepwise regression analysis did the combined expression of markers c-myc, Cyclin D1, and p21ras emerge as a significant independent prognosticator. CONCLUSIONS Overall stage emerged as the most significant prognostic indicator of disease outcome. Tobacco habit also affected relapse-free survival in patients with early-stage disease. However, immunostaining of c-myc in the tumors of locally advanced-stage tongue cancer patients might be a potential adjunct to clinical stage in the pathologic evaluation of tongue specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemangini H Vora
- Department of Cancer Biology, Division of Molecular Endocrinology, Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, NCH Compound, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, India
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Kuropkat C, Lippert BM, Werner JA. Follow-up with serum Cyfra 21-1 in patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Oncology 2002; 63:280-5. [PMID: 12381908 DOI: 10.1159/000065476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Finding tumor markers for disease progression, and especially development of distant metastases, is desirable for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Elevated serum levels of Cyfra 21-1 (cytokeratin fraction 21-1) have been frequently associated with disease progression in patients with lung cancer. In SCCHN, Cyfra 21-1 has not been established as a routine tumor marker yet, probably due to difficulties in finding the appropriate cut-off for the serum level. The aim of this study was to investigate whether assessment of changes in serum Cyfra 21-1 over time can predict distant metastases in patients with SCCHN, without attempting to establish an arbitrary cut-off for abnormal levels. METHODS Cyfra 21-1 serum levels of 25 patients with SCCHN and distant metastases were evaluated by means of an ELISA test kit. RESULTS There was a wide range of Cyfra 21-1 serum levels at the time of primary diagnosis, without correlation with tumor size, lymph node status, time to recurrence, or presence of distant metastases. All patients had a clear increase of Cyfra 21-1 levels which preceded the appearance of distant metastases clinically. CONCLUSIONS Due to the wide range of Cyfra 21-1 levels at the time of primary tumor diagnosis, Cyfra-21-1 is neither a suitable screening marker for SCCHN, nor for diagnosis of distant metastases at the time of initial diagnosis of the tumor, but is of evident prognostic value for follow-up, especially for early detection of distant metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kuropkat
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Fukumashi K, Enokiya Y, Inoue T. Cytokeratins expression of constituting cells in ameloblastoma. THE BULLETIN OF TOKYO DENTAL COLLEGE 2002; 43:13-21. [PMID: 12013821 DOI: 10.2209/tdcpublication.43.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to investigate the distribution of cytokeratins in the different tissue types of ameloblastoma and to discuss the histogenesis of this tumor. CK19 and CK8, which are markers for odontogenic epithelium, reacted positively to the constituting cells in all types of ameloblastoma. This suggests that all types of ameloblastoma derive from odontogenic epithelium. However, the desmoplastic type diminished the odontogenic characteristics because the basal cells are negative to CK19. Immunoreactions of five kinds of cytokeratin revealed similar results in plexiform, follicular, acanthomatous, and granular cell types. The plexiform type is probably the original type of ameloblastoma; the other types have the characteristics of squamous epithelium, and the follicular, acanthomatous, and granular cell types can develop due to the differentiation of cells of the plexiform type into squamous epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Fukumashi
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Dental College, 1-2-2 Masago, Mihama-ku, Chiba 261-8502, Japan
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Cohen-Kerem R, Lahat N, Elmalah I, Greenberg E, Resnick MB, Doweck I, Rahat MA. Detection of cytokeratins in normal and malignant laryngeal epithelia by means of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2002; 111:149-54. [PMID: 11860067 DOI: 10.1177/000348940211100207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cytokeratins (CKs) are a subgroup of intermediate filament proteins that take part in forming the cytoskeleton. The epithelial cells in different organs express distinct CKs, and this expression may be modified during malignant transformation. Here we describe the use of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction followed by Southern blotting to determine the profile of expression of CKs in both normal and malignant laryngeal samples. Thirty-six samples were subjected to histologic examination and classified as 17 squamous cell carcinomas, 3 dysplastic lesions, and 16 normal samples. CK8 and CK19 were expressed in almost all samples, both cancerous and normal, and were therefore used to verify the integrity of RNA. Expression of CK2, CK9, and CK20 was not detected in any of the samples, normal or cancerous. CK15 and CK18 showed low sensitivity for detection of cancer (36.4% and 45.5%, respectively). CK10 showed relatively high sensitivity (91%), but only moderate specificity (69.2%). Only CK17 showed both high sensitivity and specificity (91% and 92.3%, respectively; positive predictive value, 91%). We propose that CK17 may be considered a promising candidate to use as a molecular marker for malignant transformation in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raanan Cohen-Kerem
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa
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van der Waal I, Schepman KP, van der Meij EH, Smeele LE. Oral leukoplakia: a clinicopathological review. Oral Oncol 1997; 33:291-301. [PMID: 9415326 DOI: 10.1016/s1368-8375(97)00002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Leukoplakia is the most common premalignant or potentially malignant lesion of the oral mucosa. It seems preferable to use the term leukoplakia as a clinical term only. When a biopsy is taken, the term leukoplakia should be replaced by the diagnosis obtained histologically. The annual percentage of malignant transformation varies in different parts of the world, probably as a result of differences in tobacco and dietary habits. Although epithelial dysplasia is an important predictive factor of malignant transformation, it should be realized that not all dysplastic lesions will become malignant. On the other hand non-dysplastic lesions may become malignant as well. In some parts of the world the tongue and the floor of the mouth can be considered to be high-risk sites with regard to malignant transformation of leukoplakia, while this does not have to be the case in other parts of the world. The cessation of tobacco habits, being the most common known aetiological factor of oral leukoplakia, has been shown to be an effective measure with regard to the incidence of leukoplakia and, thereby, the incidence of oral cancer as well. Screening for oral precancer may be indicated in individuals at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- I van der Waal
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, University Hospital Vrije Universiteit/ACTA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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26
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Welters MJ, Fichtinger-Schepman AM, Baan RA, Hermsen MA, van der Vijgh WJ, Cloos J, Braakhuis BJ. Relationship between the parameters cellular differentiation, doubling time and platinum accumulation and cisplatin sensitivity in a panel of head and neck cancer cell lines. Int J Cancer 1997; 71:410-5. [PMID: 9139877 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19970502)71:3<410::aid-ijc18>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated with cisplatin show a large inter-individual variation in tumor response. Little is known about factors that contribute to this variation. The aim of our study was to correlate the sensitivity to cisplatin with a number of cellular parameters using a panel of 10 human HNSCC cell lines. A 7-fold variation in response after 72 hr of exposure to cisplatin as determined in a colorimetric proliferation assay was observed. The IC50 values did not correlate with the DNA index, the cellular doubling time or the expression of differentiation markers. Intracellular platinum (Pt) concentrations were measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy after exposing the cells to 10 microM cisplatin for 1-72 hr. The intracellular Pt levels increased up to 24 hr. One cell line, derived from the tumor of a patient previously treated with radiotherapy, accumulated much more Pt than the other cell lines. For these other cell lines, a significant positive correlation was found between Pt accumulation and sensitivity. In conclusion, cisplatin-induced growth inhibition in HNSCC in vitro is generally positively correlated with cellular Pt levels. However, the fact that occasionally cancer cells can survive despite high intracellular Pt levels indicates that additional parameters are needed to explain a response unequivocally.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Welters
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, TNO Nutrition and Food Research Institute, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
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Braahuis BJM, Snow GB. LETTER TO THE EDITOR. Potential early markers of carcinogenesis in the mucosa of the head and neck using exfoliative cytology. Author's reply. J Pathol 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9896(199703)181:3<348::aid-path749>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Haustermans K, Hofland I, Ramaekers M, Ivanyi D, Balm AJ, Geboes K, Lerut T, van der Schueren E, Begg AC. Enrichment of tumor cells for cell kinetic analysis in human tumor biopsies using cytokeratin gating. Radiother Oncol 1996; 41:237-48. [PMID: 9027940 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(96)01846-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the feasibility of using cytokeratin antibodies to distinguish normal and malignant cells in human tumors using flow cytometry. The goal was ultimately to increase the accuracy of cell kinetic measurements on human tumor biopsies. MATERIAL AND METHODS A panel of four antibodies was screened on a series of 48 tumors from two centres; 22 head and neck tumors (Amsterdam) and 26 esophagus carcinomas (Leuven). First, screening was carried out by immunohistochemistry on frozen sections to test intensity of staining and the fraction of cytokeratin-positive tumor cells. The antibody showing the most positive staining was then used for flow cytometry on the same tumor. RESULTS The two broadest spectrum antibodies (AE1/AE3, E3/C4) showed overall the best results with immunohistochemical staining, being positive in over 95% of tumors. Good cell suspensions for DNA flow cytometry could be made from frozen material by a mechanical method, whereas enzymatic methods with trypsin or collagenase were judged failures in almost all cases. From fresh material, both collagenase and trypsin produced good suspensions for flow cytometry, although the fraction of tumor cells, judged by proportion aneuploid cells, was markedly higher for trypsin. Using the best cytokeratin antibody for each tumor, two parameter flow cytometry was done (cytokeratin versus DNA content). Enrichment of tumor cells was then tested by measuring the fraction of aneuploid cells (the presumed malignant population) of cytokeratin-positive cells versus all cells. An enrichment factor ranging between 0 (no enrichment) and 1 (perfect enrichment, tumor cells only) was then calculated. The average enrichment was 0.60 for head and neck tumors and 0.59 for esophagus tumors. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that this method can substantially enrich the proportion of tumor cells in biopsies from carcinomas. Application of this method could significantly enhance accuracy of tumor cell kinetic measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Haustermans
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
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Ogden GR, Chisholm DM, Lane EB. The utility of cytokeratin profiles for detecting oral cancer using exfoliative cytology. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1996; 34:461-6. [PMID: 8909744 DOI: 10.1016/s0266-4356(96)90109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
It is generally agreed that there is a need for a routine, non-invasive screening procedure for oral cancer particularly of high risk groups. Refinements in oral exfoliative cytology now make this technique worthy of consideration for such screening. This study assesses the utility of monitoring cytokeratin expression in smears of oral cancer in comparison with assessing the keratin expression in corresponding biopsies. Smears and biopsies were taken from 34 patients with oral cancer. A panel of antibodies, CAM5.2, LH1, AE8, LP2K and LH8 recognising keratins 8, 10, 13, 19 and a basal cell marker respectively were employed. Keratins were identified using a standard immunocytochemical technique (Vectastain) and assessed on a 3 point scale, for both smears and biopsies. The vast majority of tumours were well differentiated. No particular keratin profile scen within the smear was associated with any particular state of differentiation. Although the sensitivity of K19 was greatest, its specificity was poor. The keratin antibodies with the best positive predictive value were CAM5.2 (K8) and the marker of the basal cell phenotype, LH8. The combination of down regulation of the secondary differentiation markers (K13, K10) coupled with 'simple' keratin expression (K8, K19) would seem to be the most consistent profile. We conclude that for exfoliative cytological screening to be of value as a diagnostic test it remains necessary to employ assays using more than one antikeratin antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Ogden
- Department of Dental Surgery & Periodontology, Anatomy & Physiology, University of Dundee, UK
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30
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Galectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins thought to be important for cell growth and differentiation, whose expression is altered in some tumors with aggressive phenotype. Our objective was to evaluate the expression of galectins in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS Fourteen HNSCC cell lines and four primary tumor specimens were evaluated using immunoblotting, and immunohistochemical analysis was performed on 35 primary HNSCCs. RESULTS Galectin-1 and galectin-3 were expressed in most HNSCC cell lines and primary tumor specimens. Galectin-1 was detected in the basal layer of normal adjacent mucosa, in connective tissue stroma, and at the periphery of invasive tumor islands. Galectin-3 localized to superficial mucosal layers, and adjacent to keratin pearls in invasive carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Galectins are manifested in HNSCC tumors and are localized to the cell surface, where they may participate in cellular interactions. The expression pattern of galectins appears to be associated with degree of squamous differentiation, suggesting a potential role for galectins as biologic and differentiation markers in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gillenwater
- Department of Tumor Biology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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31
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Sacks PG, Savage HE, Levine J, Kolli VR, Alfano RR, Schantz SP. Native cellular fluorescence identifies terminal squamous differentiation of normal oral epithelial cells in culture: a potential chemoprevention biomarker. Cancer Lett 1996; 104:171-81. [PMID: 8665485 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3835(96)04246-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Native cellular fluorescence (NCF) is being investigated as an intermediate endpoint biomarker for chemoprevention. Oral epithelial cells were cultured under three conditions to identify a spectral pattern for epithelial differentiation: cells maintained in serum-free keratinocyte growth medium were the least differentiated (KGM cells); cells switched to DMEM/F12 plus 10% FCS were intermediate in differentiation (DMEM/F12/FCS cells); DMEM/F12/FCS cells switched to serum-free DMEM/F12 plus 0.8 M NaCl to induce cornified envelopes were the most differentiated (DMEM/F12/NaCl cells). The differentiation status was characterized using immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. NCF analysis was able to distinguish terminally differentiated epithelial cells (DMEM/F12/NaCl) from those less differentiated cells (KGM, DMEM/F12/FCS) in several emission (lambda ex 340 nm, lambda em 360-660 nm; lambda ex 365 nm, lambda em 400-700 nm; lambda ex 420 nm, lambda em 440-800 nm) and excitation scans (lambda ex 200-360 nm; lambda em 380 nm, lambda ex 240-430 nm; lambda em 450 nm, lambda ex 250-460 nm, lambda em 480 nm; lambda ex 270-500 nm, lambda em 520 nm). The ability to discriminate terminal differentiation in this in vitro model supports the concept of using NCF as an intermediate biomarker to monitor in vivo mucosal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Sacks
- Department of Surgery, Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10025, USA
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32
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Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) modulates the growth and differentiation of various normal and malignant cells. These effects are most likely mediated by changes in gene expression. Genes whose expression is modulated by RA may be useful as markers of growth responsiveness to retinoids. Using differential cDNA cloning we identified 10 genes regulated by RA in the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line MDA886Ln. Keratin (K) 13 gene expression was the gene expression most related to the degree of sensitivity of growth to RA, as K13 was not expressed in a series of RA-resistant cell lines. Our data suggest that low K13 expression may be mechanistically related to resistance to RA-induced growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Kim
- Department of Tumor Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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33
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van der Velden LA, Schaafsma HE, Manni JJ, Link M, Ruiter DJ, Ramaekers FC, Kuijpers W. Cytokeratin and vimentin expression in normal epithelium and benign lesions of the vocal cords. Acta Otolaryngol 1996; 116:325-31. [PMID: 8725542 DOI: 10.3109/00016489609137851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The expression of cytokeratins and vimentin was studied immunohistochemically in normal epithelium and 12 benign lesions of the vocal cord with the use of a broad panel of monoclonal antibodies against cytokeratins and vimentin. Histology showed that the various lesions contained hyperkeratotic, hyperplastic and atrophic epithelium, irrespective of their clinical appearance. Especially the Ck profile of the (hyper)keratotic lesions was changed in comparison with the native epithelium. Increased expression of the keratinization marker Ck 10 was associated with decreased expression of the stratification markers Cks 4 and 13. Expression of the basal cell marker Ck 14 and hyperproliferation-associated Cks 16 and 17 was increased in all the benign lesions, except in atrophic epithelium. These expression patterns differ from those observed in malignant epithelial lesions. The latter show a marked expression of simple cell Cks and vimentin and more pronounced expression of hyperproliferation-associated markers than the benign lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A van der Velden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Bongers V, Snow GB, de Vries N, Braakhuis BJ. Potential early markers of carcinogenesis in the mucosa of the head and neck using exfoliative cytology. J Pathol 1996; 178:284-9. [PMID: 8778333 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9896(199603)178:3<284::aid-path470>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) who are thought to be cured are at high risk of development of a secondary primary tumour in the mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract and the lungs. This phenomenon is in agreement with the concept of 'field cancerization', which implies that the whole mucosa is potentially condemned to the development of neoplasia. The hypothesis advanced in this study was that early markers of carcinogenesis should therefore be present in all cells of the mucosa of patients with HNSCC. The expression of cytokeratin 16, cytokeratin 19, and histo-blood group antigen H (ABH), type 2 chain was analysed by means of immunocytochemistry on exfoliated cells taken from six sites of the upper aerodigestive tract of the 'healthy' mucosa of previously untreated HNSCC patients (n = 25) and controls (n = 10). Statistically significant differences were found in the mucosal expression of these markers between patients and controls. Since no overlap in ABH type 2 chain expression existed between patients and controls and the expression between sites in a given individual was highly correlated, this marker was considered the most promising of those tested. These data suggest that cytokeratin 16, cytokeratin 19, and ABH type 2 chain are markers of field cancerization in easily available exfoliated cells, which may be applied to monitor and/or predict the occurrence of second primary tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bongers
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Free University Hospital Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Janot F, Klijanienko J, Russo A, Mamet JP, de Braud F, El-Naggar AK, Pignon JP, Luboinski B, Cvitkovic E. Prognostic value of clinicopathological parameters in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a prospective analysis. Br J Cancer 1996; 73:531-8. [PMID: 8595170 PMCID: PMC2074448 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1996.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognostic weight of histological and biological factors was compared with that of known clinical prognostic factors in a population of 108 consecutive previously untreated patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Parameters studied were: tumour vascularisation, mitotic index, histological differentiation, nuclear grade, keratinisation, desmoplasia, growth pattern, inflammation, tumour emboli in peripheral vessels, keratins 6, 13, 19 immunohistochemical expression, cytofluorometric ploidy and S-phase. In multivariate analysis (Cox), only age and nodal status had a significant impact on the overall survival, whereas T stage was the only significant factor associated with locoregional failure. The cumulative incidence of metastases was correlated not only with age, T and N stage, but also with histological differentiation. All the other histological and biological factors studied failed to provide further prognostic information. These findings may help to select patients with high metastatic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Janot
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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36
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Bongers V, Braakhuis BJ, Snow GB. Circulating fragments of cytokeratin 19 in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Otolaryngol 1995; 20:479-82. [PMID: 8582085 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2273.1995.tb00086.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma a reliable serum marker of carcinogenesis should be of predictive value for the development of recurrent disease or a second primary tumour. At the moment, such a tumour marker is not available. Recently, elevated levels of cytokeratin 19-fragments (Cyfra 21-1) have been detected in the serum of patients with lung cancer, in particular with squamous cell carcinoma. Cytokeratin 19 is an intermediate cell filament protein expressed in simple epithelia and their malignant counterparts. Therefore, in this prospective study, a standardized sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for soluble cytokeratin 19 fragments was tested in the serum of 20 patients with a previously untreated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The results were compared with that of 20 control individuals. Our results showed significantly higher Cyfra 21-1 concentrations in the serum of patients with cancer (10.21 +/- 3.03 ng/ml) than the controls (7.2 +/- 2.63 ng/ml). After radical treatment the marker levels dropped significantly to 1.65 +/- 1.07 ng/ml. Cyfra 21-1 appears to be of value as a circulating tumour marker for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma especially in monitoring disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bongers
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Jimenez FJ, Grichnik JM, Buchanan MD, Clark RE. Immunohistochemical techniques in Mohs micrographic surgery: their potential use in the detection of neoplastic cells masked by inflammation. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995; 32:89-94. [PMID: 7529778 DOI: 10.1016/0190-9622(95)90190-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histopathologic evaluation of tissue obtained from Mohs micrographic surgery is the key step in obtaining complete tumor removal. Residual undetected tumor may result in recurrence. OBJECTIVE In circumstances in which the histopathologic interpretation is difficult, we assessed the potential use of immunohistochemical techniques to detect tumor in Mohs micrographic surgical specimens. METHODS A rapid immunoperoxidase technique with monoclonal anticytokeratin antibodies was performed on Mohs frozen sections. Cases selected included morpheaform basal cell carcinomas, perineural tumors, and sections with dense inflammation without apparent tumor. RESULTS Four cases are described as examples that highlight the potential usefulness of immunostaining of Mohs tissue sections. Anticytokeratin antibodies helped to confirm free tumor margins, thus avoiding the unnecessary sacrifice of normal tissue, and to delineate tumor not identified in hematoxylin and eosin frozen sections. CONCLUSION Immunohistochemical staining of Mohs micrographic surgical specimens with anticytokeratin antibodies is particularly useful when dense inflammatory infiltrate is present, because the latter may obscure any residual tumor. Application of this technique to difficult cases may prevent tumor recurrences or unnecessary excision of normal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Jimenez
- Dermatologic Surgery and Cutaneous Oncology Unit, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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