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Zimmer M, Hillebrandt KH, Roschke NN, Lippert S, Klein O, Nebrich G, Gassner JMGV, Strobl F, Pratschke J, Krenzien F, Sauer IM, Raschzok N, Moosburner S. Distinctive protein expression in elderly livers in a Sprague-Dawley rat model of normothermic ex vivo liver machine perfusion. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:361. [PMID: 38992689 PMCID: PMC11238374 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01961-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver grafts are frequently declined due to high donor age or age mismatch with the recipient. To improve the outcome of marginal grafts, we aimed to characterize the performance of elderly vs. young liver grafts in a standardized rat model of normothermic ex vivo liver machine perfusion (NMP). METHODS Livers from Sprague-Dawley rats aged 3 or 12 months were procured and perfused for 6 h using a rat NMP system or collected as a reference group (n = 6/group). Tissue, bile, and perfusate samples were used for biochemical, and proteomic analyses. RESULTS All livers cleared lactate during perfusion and continued to produce bile after 6 h of perfusion (614 mg/h). Peak urea levels in 12-month-old animals were higher than in younger animals. Arterial and portal venous pressure, bile production and pH did not differ between groups. Proteomic analysis identified a total of 1477 proteins with oxidoreductase and catalytic activity dominating the gene ontology analysis. Proteins such as aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 and 2-Hydroxyacid oxidase 2 were significantly more present in livers of older age. CONCLUSIONS Young and elderly liver grafts exhibited similar viability during NMP, though proteomic analyses indicated that older grafts are less resilient to oxidative stress. Our study is limited by the elderly animal age, which corresponds to mature but not elderly human age typically seen in marginal human livers. Nevertheless, reducing oxidative stress could be a promising therapeutic target in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Zimmer
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl Herbert Hillebrandt
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Academy, Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nathalie Nora Roschke
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Lippert
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Klein
- Center for Regenerative Therapies, Core Unit Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Grit Nebrich
- Center for Regenerative Therapies, Core Unit Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joseph Maria George Vernon Gassner
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Academy, Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Strobl
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johann Pratschke
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Krenzien
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Academy, Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Igor Maximilian Sauer
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nathanael Raschzok
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Academy, Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Moosburner
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- BIH Academy, Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Trampert DC, van de Graaf SFJ, Jongejan A, Oude Elferink RPJ, Beuers U. Hepatobiliary acid-base homeostasis: Insights from analogous secretory epithelia. J Hepatol 2021; 74:428-441. [PMID: 33342564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Many epithelia secrete bicarbonate-rich fluid to generate flow, alter viscosity, control pH and potentially protect luminal and intracellular structures from chemical stress. Bicarbonate is a key component of human bile and impaired biliary bicarbonate secretion is associated with liver damage. Major efforts have been undertaken to gain insight into acid-base homeostasis in cholangiocytes and more can be learned from analogous secretory epithelia. Extrahepatic examples include salivary and pancreatic duct cells, duodenocytes, airway and renal epithelial cells. The cellular machinery involved in acid-base homeostasis includes carbonic anhydrase enzymes, transporters of the solute carrier family, and intra- and extracellular pH sensors. This pH-regulatory system is orchestrated by protein-protein interactions, the establishment of an electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane and bicarbonate sensing of the intra- and extracellular compartment. In this review, we discuss conserved principles identified in analogous secretory epithelia in the light of current knowledge on cholangiocyte physiology. We present a framework for cholangiocellular acid-base homeostasis supported by expression analysis of publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing datasets from human cholangiocytes, which provide insights into the molecular basis of pH homeostasis and dysregulation in the biliary system.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Trampert
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stan F J van de Graaf
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald P J Oude Elferink
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Beuers
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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3
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Wang P, Song Y, Zhong H, Lin S, Zhang X, Li J, Che L, Feng B, Lin Y, Xu S, Zhuo Y, Wu D, Burrin DG, Fang Z. Transcriptome Profiling of Placenta through Pregnancy Reveals Dysregulation of Bile Acids Transport and Detoxification Function. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174099. [PMID: 31443432 PMCID: PMC6747679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Placenta performs the function of several adult organs for the fetus during intrauterine life. Because of the dramatic physiological and metabolic changes during pregnancy and the strong association between maternal metabolism and placental function, the possibility that variation in gene expression patterns during pregnancy might be linked to fetal health warrants investigation. Here, next-generation RNA sequencing was used to investigate the expression profile, including mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) of placentas on day 60 of gestation (G60), day 90 of gestation (G90), and on the farrowing day (L0) in pregnant swine. Bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs consistently showed dysregulation of bile acids transport and detoxification as pregnancy progress. We found the differentially expressed mRNAs, particularly bile salt export pump (ABCB11), organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2), carbonic anhydrase II (CA2), Na+-HCO3− cotransporter (NBC1), and hydroxysteroid sulfotransferases (SULT2A1) play an important role in bile acids transport and sulfation in placentas during pregnancy. We also found the potential regulation role of ALDBSSCG0000000220 and XLOC_1301271 on placental SULT2A1. These findings have uncovered a previously unclear function and its genetic basis for bile acids metabolism in developing placentas and have important implications for exploring the potential physiological and pathological pathway to improve fetal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yumo Song
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Heju Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Douglas G Burrin
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Wang P, Zhong H, Song Y, Yuan P, Li Y, Lin S, Zhang X, Li J, Che L, Feng B, Lin Y, Xu S, Zhuo Y, Tian G, Chen D, Wu D, Burrin DG, Fang Z. Targeted metabolomics analysis of maternal-placental-fetal metabolism in pregnant swine reveals links in fetal bile acid homeostasis and sulfation capacity. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 317:G8-G16. [PMID: 31021171 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00056.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cholestasis of pregnancy endangers fetal and neonatal survival, yet systematic knowledge of the cause and effect of disrupted bile acid (BA) homeostasis in pregnancy is limited. Here we show that gestation stage-associated BA dysregulation in swine correlated with fetal death resulting from compromised capacity for BA secretion and increased alternative systemic efflux. The balance of BA input and output in the developing uterus suggested little uptake and metabolism of maternal BA by the placenta-fetus unit, implying a protection role of placenta in preventing maternal BA transported into the fetus. We showed that the maternal origin of BA accounted for the increase in placental total BA, leading to dysregulated expression of genes involved in BA transport and potentially impaired transplacental export of fetus-derived BA. Correspondingly, the secondary BA, mainly derived from the mother, gradually decreased in the fetus. Finally, we identified that sulfation rather than glucuronidation played pivotal roles in maintaining BA homeostasis of the developing fetus. These novel and systemic findings contribute to a whole picture of BA metabolism in pregnancy and provide new insights into mechanisms responsible for maternal and fetal BA homeostasis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We used a swine model to demonstrate the potentially impaired transplacental bile acid (BA) export, immaturity of fetal hepatic excretory function, and elevated BA synthesis in the developing fetus. Under these conditions, we have further identified that BA sulfation plays a pivotal role in regulation of fetal BA homeostasis, which appears to depend on the balance of BA synthesis and sulfation capacity. These novel findings have uncovered a previously unknown mechanism of BA homeostasis regulation in the developing fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Heju Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Yumo Song
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Peiqiang Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Yunxia Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Sen Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Gang Tian
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Douglas G Burrin
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
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5
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Serum Bile Acids Level in Patients with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma. J Glaucoma 2019; 28:e49. [DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000001117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Nocentini A, Bonardi A, Gratteri P, Cerra B, Gioiello A, Supuran CT. Steroids interfere with human carbonic anhydrase activity by using alternative binding mechanisms. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:1453-1459. [PMID: 30221552 PMCID: PMC7011995 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1512597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids have been shown to inhibit human (h) carbonic anhydrases (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) along the gastrointestinal tract, including hCA II. The elucidation of the hormonal inhibition mechanism of the bile acid cholate to hCA II was provided in 2014 by X-ray crystallography. Herein, we extend the inhibition study to a wealth of steroids against four relevant hCA isoforms. Steroids displaying pendants and functional groups of the carboxylate, phenolic or sulfonate types appended at the tetracyclic ring were shown to inhibit the cytosolic CA II and the tumor-associated, transmembrane CA IX in a medium micromolar range (38.9–89.9 µM). Docking studies displayed the different chemotypes CA inhibition mechanisms. Molecular dynamics (MD) gave insights on the stability over time of hyocholic acid binding to CA II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Nocentini
- a Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical section; Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR , University of Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy.,b Department of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section , University of Florence , Firenze , Italy
| | - Alessandro Bonardi
- a Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical section; Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR , University of Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy.,b Department of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section , University of Florence , Firenze , Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- a Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical section; Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR , University of Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Bruno Cerra
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - Antimo Gioiello
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- b Department of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section , University of Florence , Firenze , Italy
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7
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Trifunović J, Borčić V, Mikov M. Bile acids and their oxo derivatives: Potential inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase I and II, androgen receptor antagonists and CYP3A4 substrates. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Trifunović
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Novi Sad; Serbia
| | - Vladan Borčić
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Novi Sad; Serbia
| | - Momir Mikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Novi Sad; Serbia
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Chu X, Battle CH, Zhang N, Aryal GH, Mottamal M, Jayawickramarajah J. Bile Acid Conjugated DNA Chimera that Conditionally Inhibits Carbonic Anhydrase-II in the Presence of MicroRNA-21. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1606-12. [PMID: 26191606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to tackle the issue of systemic toxicity in chemotherapy, there is a need to develop novel mechanisms for the activation of protein inhibitors using biomarkers overexpressed in cancer cells. Many current strategies focus on using cancer associated enzymes as a triggering agent for prodrugs. Herein, we detail an alternative approach that harnesses a microRNA (miR-21) that is overexpressed in cancers as the trigger that activates an inhibitor of human carbonic anhydrase-II (hCA-II). Specifically, we have developed a DNA-small molecule chimera (DC) composed of an hCA-II binding lithocholic acid amide (LAA) headgroup that can transition from a rigid duplex state (that does not bind appreciably to hCA) to a single-stranded conformation via a miR-21 trigger. The activated single-stranded DC can project the LAA headgroup into the hCA-II active site and is a robust hCA-II inhibitor (K(i) of 3.12 μM). This work may spur research into developing new classes of cancer selective protein inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhu Chu
- †Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, 2015 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Cooper H Battle
- †Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, 2015 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Nan Zhang
- †Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, 2015 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Gyan H Aryal
- †Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, 2015 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Madhusoodanan Mottamal
- ‡RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
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Boone CD, Tu C, McKenna R. Structural elucidation of the hormonal inhibition mechanism of the bile acid cholate on human carbonic anhydrase II. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 70:1758-63. [PMID: 24914985 DOI: 10.1107/s1399004714007457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a family of mostly zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration/dehydration of CO2 into bicarbonate and a proton. Human isoform CA II (HCA II) is abundant in the surface epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa, where it serves an important role in cytoprotection through bicarbonate secretion. Physiological inhibition of HCA II via the bile acids contributes to mucosal injury in ulcerogenic conditions. This study details the weak biophysical interactions associated with the binding of a primary bile acid, cholate, to HCA II. The X-ray crystallographic structure determined to 1.54 Å resolution revealed that cholate does not make any direct hydrogen-bond interactions with HCA II, but instead reconfigures the well ordered water network within the active site to promote indirect binding to the enzyme. Structural knowledge of the binding interactions of this nonsulfur-containing inhibitor with HCA II could provide the template design for high-affinity, isoform-specific therapeutic agents for a variety of diseases/pathological states, including cancer, glaucoma, epilepsy and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Boone
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Chingkuang Tu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, PO Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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10
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Supuran CT, Scozzafava A. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and their therapeutic potential. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.10.5.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 426] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Scozzafava A, Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Preparation of potent sulfonamides inhibitors incorporating bile acid tails. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:1551-7. [PMID: 12039560 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00252-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of TBDMS-protected bile acids (cholic, chenodeoxycholic, deoxycholic, lithocholic, ursodeoxycholic acids) or dehydrocholic acid with aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides possessing free amino/hydroxy moieties, in the presence of carbodiimides, afforded after deprotection of the OTBDMS ethers, a series of sulfonamides incorporating bile acid moieties in their molecules. Many such derivatives showed strong inhibitory properties against three isozymes of carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1), that is CA I, II and IV, zinc enzymes playing critical roles in many pathologies, and which represent interesting targets for developing diverse pharmacological agents. Some of the most active derivatives, incorporating 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide or benzothiazole-2-sulfonamide functionalities in their molecules, showed low nanomolar affinity for CA II and CAIV. Furthermore, the bioavailability of these derivatives in rabbits is comparable to that of acetazolamide, being in the range of 85-90%, showing them as promising candidates for systemically acting CA inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Scozzafava
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Rm. 188, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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12
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Christie KN, Thomson C. The distribution of carbonic anhydrase II in human, pig and rat oesophageal epithelium. THE HISTOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2000; 32:753-7. [PMID: 11254091 DOI: 10.1023/a:1004105228370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) is present in human oesophageal epithelial cells and probably involved in protecting the mucosa against acidic gastric refluxate. If this is the case, then it is likely that the enzyme will be more concentrated at or near the gastro-oesophageal junction. To answer this question, and determine whether CA II is present and similarly distributed in other species, we also examined the oesophageal epithelium of the rat and pig. In the rat, CA II was largely absent from the oesophageal epithelium, but present in the stratified squamous epithelium of the gastric forestomach as an approximately 2 mm-long collar around the entrance to the corpus, a site that roughly corresponds to the gastro-oesophageal junction in other animals. The enzyme was present mainly in basal and prickle cells. In upper and middle pig oesophagus, CA II was largely confined to basal cells and isolated groups of stratified superficial prickle cells. CA II-containing epithelial cells were highly concentrated in the thickened epithelium at the gastro-oesophageal junction (about four-times thicker than upper or middle). Reactive cells were present throughout the depth of the epithelium, but noticeably more concentrated in the basal and superficial prickle cell layers. CA II was also prominent in the most superficial cell layers in islands of the oesophageal mucosa within the gastric cardia. In man, CA II was confined largely to the basal half of the epithelium in the upper and middle regions of oesophagus. The distribution of CA II at the gastro-oesophageal junction took different forms. In general, there were more CA II-reactive cells at or closer to the lumen. The superficial prickle cell layers tended to exhibit more CA II than the deeper layers, with basal and epibasal cells containing little or no enzyme. In other regions of the same specimens, CA II-containing cells were present from the basal to the most luminal layers. If CA II in oesophageal epithelial cells in the region of the gastro-oesophageal junction (or in the case of the rat the forestomach/corpus junction) is important in the defence against refluxate, then it is in a vulnerable site, since bile salts are potent inhibitors of the enzyme. The action of bile salts on CA II may be an important factor in the initiation of oesophageal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Christie
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, University of Dundee, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is essential for the growth of intraerythrocytic malaria parasites to synthesize pyrimidine through CO2 fixation and to regulate intracellular pH. CO2 transport across the plasma membrane of erythrocytes is facilitated by carbonic anhydrase (CA). With the use of electron microscopy and CA-specific Hansson's stain, CA is found also in all the intraerythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum. When CA inhibitors, including acetazolamide, potassium iodide, and sodium deoxycholate, were added to continuous culture of P. falciparum, they, particularly sodium deoxycholate, produced a marked reduction in parasitemia. These results explain the biochemical basis of some of the clinical conditions associated with malaria and strongly suggest that CA inhibitors have potential as a new class of antimalarials.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Sein
- Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Muallem R, Reimer R, Odes HS, Schwenk M, Beil W, Sewing KF. Role of carbonic anhydrase in basal and stimulated bicarbonate secretion by the guinea pig duodenum. Dig Dis Sci 1994; 39:1078-84. [PMID: 8174420 DOI: 10.1007/bf02087561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The role of carbonic anhydrase in the process of proximal duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion was investigated in the guinea pig. In a series of experiments in vivo, the duodenum was perfused with 24 mmol/liter NaHCO3 solution (+ NaCl for isotonicity) to ensure that active duodenal HCO3- secretion against a concentration gradient was measured. Acetazolamide (80 mg/kg) was infused intravenously to examine the role of carbonic anhydrase on basal and agonist-stimulated HCO3- secretion. Acetazolamide abolished basal HCO3- secretion and significantly decreased HCO3- secretion after stimulation with dibutyryl 5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dBcAMP, 10(-5) mol/kg), dibutyryl 5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (dBcGMP, 10(-5) mol/kg), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2, 10(-6) mol/kg), PGF2 alpha (10(-6) mol/kg), tetradecanoyl-phorbol-acetate (TPA, 10(-7) mol/kg), glucagon (10(-7) mol/kg), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP, 10(-8) mol/kg), and carbachol (10(-8) mol/kg). Utilizing a fluorescence technique, we could detect the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in equal amounts in villous and crypt cells of the proximal duodenal epithelium; no activity was demonstrated in tissues pretreated with acetazolamide. In conclusion, carbonic anhydrase is required for both basal and stimulated duodenal HCO3- secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Muallem
- Gastroenterology Institute, Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
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