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He S, Luo Y, Ma W, Wang X, Yan C, Hao W, Fang Y, Su H, Lai B, Liu J, Xiong Y, Bai T, Ren X, Liu E, Han H, Wu Y, Yuan Z, Wang Y. Endothelial POFUT1 controls injury-induced liver fibrosis by repressing fibrinogen synthesis. J Hepatol 2024; 81:135-148. [PMID: 38460791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS NOTCH signaling in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) regulates liver fibrosis, a pathological feature of chronic liver diseases. POFUT1 is an essential regulator of NOTCH signaling. Here, we investigated the role of LSEC-expressed POFUT1 in liver fibrosis. METHODS Endothelial-specific Pofut1 knockout mice were generated and experimental liver fibrosis was induced by chronic carbon tetrachloride exposure or common bile duct ligation. Liver samples were assessed by ELISA, histology, electron microscopy, immunostaining and RNA in situ hybridization. LSECs and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were isolated for gene expression analysis by RNA sequencing, qPCR, and western blotting. Signaling crosstalk between LSECs and HSCs was investigated by treating HSCs with supernatant from LSEC cultures. Liver single-cell RNA sequencing datasets from patients with cirrhosis and healthy individuals were analyzed to evaluate the clinical relevance of gene expression changes observed in mouse studies. RESULTS POFUT1 loss promoted injury-induced LSEC capillarization and HSC activation, leading to aggravated liver fibrosis. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that POFUT1 deficiency upregulated fibrinogen expression in LSECs. Consistently, fibrinogen was elevated in LSECs of patients with cirrhosis. HSCs treated with supernatant from LSECs of Pofut1 null mice showed exacerbated activation compared to those treated with supernatant from control LSECs, and this effect was attenuated by knockdown of fibrinogen or by pharmacological inhibition of fibrinogen receptor signaling, altogether suggesting that LSEC-derived fibrinogen induced the activation of HSCs. Mechanistically, POFUT1 loss augmented fibrinogen expression by enhancing NOTCH/HES1/STAT3 signaling. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial POFUT1 prevents injury-induced liver fibrosis by repressing the expression of fibrinogen, which functions as a profibrotic paracrine signal to activate HSCs. Therapies targeting the POFUT1/fibrinogen axis offer a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of fibrotic liver diseases. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Paracrine signals produced by liver vasculature play a major role in the development of liver fibrosis, which is a pathological hallmark of most liver diseases. Identifying those paracrine signals is clinically relevant in that they may serve as therapeutic targets. In this study, we discovered that genetic deletion of Pofut1 aggravated experimental liver fibrosis in mouse models. Moreover, fibrinogen was identified as a downstream target repressed by Pofut1 in liver endothelial cells and functioned as a novel paracrine signal that drove liver fibrosis. In addition, fibrinogen was found to be relevant to cirrhosis and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for this devastating human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan He
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuru Luo
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wangge Ma
- Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoke Wang
- Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengrong Yan
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenyang Hao
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongyu Su
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baochang Lai
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junhui Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ting Bai
- Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyong Ren
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Enqi Liu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancer and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Cardiometabolic Innovation Center, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zuyi Yuan
- Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Cardiometabolic Innovation Center, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yidong Wang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Cardiometabolic Innovation Center, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Cardiology, Wenling First People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, Zhejiang, China.
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Yang T, Qu X, Zhao J, Wang X, Wang Q, Dai J, Zhu C, Li J, Jiang L. Macrophage PTEN controls STING-induced inflammation and necroptosis through NICD/NRF2 signaling in APAP-induced liver injury. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:160. [PMID: 37370115 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01175-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) signaling has been known to play a critical role in maintaining cellular and tissue homeostasis, which also has an essential role in the inflammatory response. However, it remains unidentified whether and how the macrophage PTEN may govern the innate immune signaling stimulator of interferon genes (STING) mediated inflammation and hepatocyte necroptosis in APAP-induced liver injury (AILI). METHODS Myeloid-specific PTEN knockout (PTENM-KO) and floxed PTEN (PTENFL/FL) mice were treated with APAP (400 mg/kg) or PBS. In a parallel in vitro study, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were isolated from these conditional knockout mice and transfected with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Notch1 knockout (KO) or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated STING activation vector followed by LPS (100 ng/ml) stimulation. RESULTS Here, we report that myeloid-specific PTEN knockout (PTENM-KO) mice were resistant to oxidative stress-induced hepatocellular injury with reduced macrophage/neutrophil accumulation and proinflammatory mediators in AILI. PTENM-KO increased the interaction of nuclear Notch intracellular domain (NICD) and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) in the macrophage nucleus, reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Mechanistically, it is worth noting that macrophage NICD and NRF2 co-localize within the nucleus under inflammatory conditions. Additionally, Notch1 promotes the interaction of immunoglobulin kappa J region (RBPjκ) with NRF2. Disruption of the Notch1 signal in PTEN deletion macrophages, reduced RBPjκ and NRF2 binding, and activated STING signaling. Moreover, PTENM-KO macrophages with STING activated led to ROS generation and TNF-α release, resulting in hepatocyte necroptosis upon co-culture with primary hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that the macrophage PTEN-NICD/NRF2-STING axis is critical to regulating oxidative stress-induced liver inflammation and necroptosis in AILI and implies the therapeutic potential for managing sterile liver inflammation. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, The Zhenjiang Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaoye Qu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaying Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Dai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanlong Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Longfeng Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Xu D, Qu X, Tian Y, Jie Z, Xi Z, Xue F, Ma X, Zhu J, Xia Q. Macrophage Notch1 inhibits TAK1 function and RIPK3-mediated hepatocyte necroptosis through activation of β-catenin signaling in liver ischemia and reperfusion injury. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:144. [PMID: 36114543 PMCID: PMC9479434 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00901-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Notch signaling is highly conserved and critically involved in cell differentiation, immunity, and survival. Activation of the Notch pathway modulates immune cell functions during the inflammatory response. However, it remains unknown whether and how the macrophage Notch1 may control the innate immune signaling TAK1, and RIPK3-mediated hepatocyte necroptosis in liver ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI). This study investigated the molecular mechanisms of macrophage Notch1 in modulating TAK1-mediated innate immune responses and RIPK3 functions in liver IRI. Methods Myeloid-specific Notch1 knockout (Notch1M−KO) and floxed Notch1 (Notch1FL/FL) mice (n = 6/group) were subjected to 90 min partial liver warm ischemia followed by 6 h of reperfusion. In a parallel in vitro study, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were isolated from these conditional knockout mice and transfected with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated β-catenin knockout (KO) vector followed by LPS (100 ng/ml) stimulation. Results IR stress-induced Notch1 activation evidenced by increased nuclear Notch intracellular domain (NICD) expression in liver macrophages. Myeloid Notch1 deficiency exacerbated IR-induced liver damage, with increased serum ALT levels, macrophage/neutrophil accumulation, and proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines production compared to the Notch1FL/FL controls. Unlike in the Notch1FL/FL controls, Notch1M−KO enhanced TRAF6, TAK1, NF-κB, RIPK3, and MLKL but reduced β-catenin activation in ischemic livers. However, adoptive transfer of lentivirus β-catenin-modified macrophages markedly improved liver function with reduced TRAF6, p-TAK1, RIPK3 and p-MLKL in IR-challenged livers. Moreover, disruption of RIPK3 in Notch1M−KO mice with an in vivo mannose-mediated RIPK3 siRNA delivery system diminished IR-triggered hepatocyte death. In vitro studies showed that macrophage NICD and β-catenin co-localized in the nucleus, whereby β-catenin interacted with NICD in response to LPS stimulation. Disruption of β-catenin with a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated β-catenin KO in Notch1FL/FL macrophage augmented TRAF6 activation leading to enhanced TAK1 function. While CRISPR/Cas9-mediated TRAF6 KO in Notch1M−KO macrophage inhibited RIPK3-mediated hepatocyte necroptosis after co-culture with primary hepatocytes. Conclusions Macrophage Notch1 controls TAK1-mediated innate immune responses and RIPK3-mediated hepatocyte necroptosis through activation of β-catenin. β-catenin is required for the macrophage Notch1-mediated immune regulation in liver IRI. Our findings demonstrate that the macrophage Notch1-β-catenin axis is a crucial regulatory mechanism in IR-triggered liver inflammation and provide novel therapeutic potential in organ IRI and transplant recipients. Video abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-022-00901-8.
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Fang ZQ, Ruan B, Liu JJ, Duan JL, Yue ZS, Song P, Xu H, Ding J, Xu C, Dou GR, Wang L. Notch-triggered maladaptation of liver sinusoidal endothelium aggravates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis through endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Hepatology 2022; 76:742-758. [PMID: 35006626 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although NASH can lead to severe clinical consequences, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, no effective treatment is currently available for this disease. Increasing evidence indicates that LSECs play a critical role in NASH pathogenesis; however, the mechanisms involved in LSEC-mediated NASH remain to be fully elucidated. APPROACH AND RESULTS In the current study, we found that LSEC homeostasis was disrupted and LSEC-specific gene profiles were altered in methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced NASH mouse models. Importantly, Notch signaling was found to be activated in LSECs of NASH mice. To then investigate the role of endothelial Notch in NASH progression, we generated mouse lines with endothelial-specific Notch intracellular domain (NICD) overexpression or RBP-J knockout to respectively activate or inhibit Notch signaling in endothelial cells. Notably, endothelial-specific overexpression of the NICD accelerated LSEC maladaptation and aggravated NASH, whereas endothelial cell-specific inhibition of Notch signaling restored LSEC homeostasis and improved NASH phenotypes. Furthermore, we demonstrated that endothelial-specific Notch activation exacerbated NASH by inhibiting endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) transcription, whereas administration of the pharmacological eNOS activator YC-1 alleviated hepatic steatosis and lipid accumulation resulting from Notch activation. Finally, to explore the therapeutic potential of using Notch inhibitors in NASH treatment, we applied two gamma-secretase inhibitors-DAPT and LY3039478-in an MCD diet-induced mouse model of NASH, and found that both inhibitors effectively ameliorated hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and liver fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial-specific Notch activation triggered LSEC maladaptation and exacerbated NASH phenotypes in an eNOS-dependent manner. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of Notch signaling effectively restored LSEC homeostasis and ameliorated NASH progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bai Ruan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Center of Clinical Aerospace Medicine & Department of Aviation Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing-Jing Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan-Li Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen-Sheng Yue
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ping Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guo-Rui Dou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Liver Regeneration by Hematopoietic Stem Cells: Have We Reached the End of the Road? Cells 2022; 11:cells11152312. [PMID: 35954155 PMCID: PMC9367594 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is the organ with the highest regenerative capacity in the human body. However, various insults, including viral infections, alcohol or drug abuse, and metabolic overload, may cause chronic inflammation and fibrosis, leading to irreversible liver dysfunction. Despite advances in surgery and pharmacological treatments, liver diseases remain a leading cause of death worldwide. To address the shortage of donor liver organs for orthotopic liver transplantation, cell therapy in liver disease has emerged as a promising regenerative treatment. Sources include primary hepatocytes or functional hepatocytes generated from the reprogramming of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). Different types of stem cells have also been employed for transplantation to trigger regeneration, including hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) as well as adult and fetal liver progenitor cells. HSCs, usually defined by the expression of CD34 and CD133, and MSCs, defined by the expression of CD105, CD73, and CD90, are attractive sources due to their autologous nature, ease of isolation and cryopreservation. The present review focuses on the use of bone marrow HSCs for liver regeneration, presenting evidence for an ongoing crosstalk between the hematopoietic and the hepatic system. This relationship commences during embryogenesis when the fetal liver emerges as the crossroads between the two systems converging the presence of different origins of cells (mesoderm and endoderm) in the same organ. Ample evidence indicates that the fetal liver supports the maturation and expansion of HSCs during development but also later on in life. Moreover, the fact that the adult liver remains one of the few sites for extramedullary hematopoiesis—albeit pathological—suggests that this relationship between the two systems is ongoing. Can, however, the hematopoietic system offer similar support to the liver? The majority of clinical studies using hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients with liver disease report favourable observations. The underlying mechanism—whether paracrine, fusion or transdifferentiation or a combination of the three—remains to be confirmed.
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Duan JL, Zhou ZY, Ruan B, Fang ZQ, Ding J, Liu JJ, Song P, Xu H, Xu C, Yue ZS, Han H, Dou GR, Wang L. Notch-Regulated c-Kit-Positive Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells Contribute to Liver Zonation and Regeneration. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 13:1741-1756. [PMID: 35114417 PMCID: PMC9046233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) promote the proliferation of hepatocytes during liver regeneration. However, the specific subset of SECs and its mechanisms during the process remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the potential role of c-kit+ SECs, a newly identified subset of SECs in liver regeneration. METHODS Partial hepatectomy mice models were established to induce liver regeneration. Hepatic c-kit expression was detected by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescent staining, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. VE-cadherin-cyclization recombinase-estrogen receptor (Cdh5-Cre-ERT) Notch intracellular domain and Cdh5-Cre recombination signal binding protein Jκfloxp mice were introduced to mutate Notch signaling. c-Kit+ SECs were isolated by magnetic beads. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on isolated SECs. Liver injuries were induced by CCl4 or quantitative polymerase chain reaction injection. RESULTS Hepatic c-kit is expressed predominantly in SECs. Liver resident SECs contribute to the increase of c-kit during partial hepatectomy-induced liver regeneration. Isolated c-kit+ SECs promote hepatocyte proliferation in vivo and in vitro by facilitating angiocrine. The distribution of c-kit shows distinct spatial differences that are highly coincident with the liver zonation marker wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member2 (Wnt2). Notch mutation reshapes the c-kit distribution and liver zonation, resulting in altered hepatocyte proliferation. c-Kit+ SECs were shown to regulate hepatocyte regeneration through angiocrine in a Wnt2-dependent manner. Activation of the Notch signaling pathway weakens liver regeneration by inhibiting positive regulatory effects of c-kit+ SECs on hepatocytes. Furthermore, c-kit+ SEC infusion attenuates toxin-induced liver injuries in mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that c-kit+ SECs contributes to liver zonation and regeneration through Wnt2 and is regulated by Notch signaling, providing opportunities for novel therapeutic approaches to liver injury in the future. Transcript profiling: GEO (accession number: GSE134037).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Li Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi'an, China
| | - Zi-Yi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi-Jing Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Bai Ruan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi'an, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an, China; Center of Clinical Aerospace Medicine, Department of Aviation Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Jian Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Ping Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen-Sheng Yue
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi'an, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Xi-Jing Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Hua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an, China.
| | - Guo-Rui Dou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi-Jing Hospital, Xi'an, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi'an, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an, China.
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Li Y, Xu Y, Wang R, Li W, He W, Luo X, Ye Y. Expression of Notch-Hif-1α signaling pathway in liver regeneration of rats. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520943790. [PMID: 32967512 PMCID: PMC7521060 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520943790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate whether the Notch–Hif-1α signaling pathway is involved in liver regeneration. Methods Rats were divided into two groups and treated with daily intraperitoneal injections of saline (control) or the gamma-secretase inhibitor, Fli-06, for 2 days. Two-thirds of the rat livers were resected and rats were later euthanized at specific time points post-resection to analyze the remnant livers. Each group's liver/body weight ratio was calculated, and immunostaining and western blotting were used to determine the cell proliferation marker, PCNA and Ki-67 expression. Real-time PCR and western blotting were used to compare the mRNA expression of Notch homolog-1 (Notch1), hairy and enhancer of split-1 (Hes1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf), and the protein expression of NICD and HIF-1α, respectively. Results The liver/body weight ratios and number of Ki-67- and PCNA-positive cells were significantly lower in the experimental group than the control group, indicating lower levels of liver regeneration following the disruption of Notch signaling by Fli-06. The Hes1 and Vegf mRNA levels and NICD and HIF-1α protein expression levels were all down-regulated by Fli-06 treatment. Conclusion Notch–Hif-α signaling pathway activation plays an important role in liver regeneration, where it may contribute toward liver cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshan Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunxiuxiu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruomei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguang He
- Department of General Surgery, Zengcheng People's Hospital, Zengcheng, China
| | - Xinxi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yibiao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Maladaptive regeneration - the reawakening of developmental pathways in NASH and fibrosis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:131-142. [PMID: 33051603 PMCID: PMC7854502 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-00365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid expansion of the obesity epidemic, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is now the most common chronic liver disease, with almost 25% global prevalence. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ranges in severity from simple steatosis, a benign 'pre-disease' state, to the liver injury and inflammation that characterize nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which in turn predisposes individuals to liver fibrosis. Fibrosis is the major determinant of clinical outcomes in patients with NASH and is associated with increased risks of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NASH has no approved therapies, and liver fibrosis shows poor response to existing pharmacotherapy, in part due to an incomplete understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. Patient and mouse data have shown that NASH is associated with the activation of developmental pathways: Notch, Hedgehog and Hippo-YAP-TAZ. Although these evolutionarily conserved fundamental signals are known to determine liver morphogenesis during development, new data have shown a coordinated and causal role for these pathways in the liver injury response, which becomes maladaptive during obesity-associated chronic liver disease. In this Review, we discuss the aetiology of this reactivation of developmental pathways and review the cell-autonomous and cell-non-autonomous mechanisms by which developmental pathways influence disease progression. Finally, we discuss the potential prognostic and therapeutic implications of these data for NASH and liver fibrosis.
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Ferrarotto R, Eckhardt G, Patnaik A, LoRusso P, Faoro L, Heymach JV, Kapoun AM, Xu L, Munster P. A phase I dose-escalation and dose-expansion study of brontictuzumab in subjects with selected solid tumors. Ann Oncol 2019; 29:1561-1568. [PMID: 29726923 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brontictuzumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets Notch1 and inhibits pathway activation. The purpose of this first-in-human study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity and preliminary efficacy of brontictuzumab in patients with solid tumors. Patients and methods Subjects with selected refractory solid tumors were eligible. Brontictuzumab was administered intravenously at various dose levels and schedule during dose escalation, and at 1.5 mg/kg every 3 weeks (Q3W) during expansion. Evidence of Notch1 pathway activation as determined by an immunohistochemistry assay was required for entry in the expansion cohort. Adverse events were graded according to the NCI-CTCAE v 4.03. Efficacy was assessed by RECIST 1.1. Results Forty-eight subjects enrolled (33 in dose escalation and 15 in the expansion phase). The MTD was 1.5 mg/kg Q3W. Dose-limiting toxicities were grade 3 diarrhea in two subjects and grade 3 fatigue in one subject. The most common drug-related adverse events of any grade were diarrhea (71%), fatigue (44%), nausea (40%), vomiting (21%), and AST increase (21%). Brontictuzumab exhibited nonlinear pharmacokinetics with dose-dependent terminal half-life ranging 1-4 days. Clinical benefit was seen in 6 of 36 (17%) assessable subjects: 2 had unconfirmed partial response (PR) and 4 subjects had prolonged (≥ 6 months) disease stabilization (SD). Both PRs and three prolonged SD occurred in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) subjects with evidence of Notch1 pathway activation. Pharmacodynamic effects of brontictuzumab were seen in patients' blood and tumor. Conclusion Brontictuzumab was well tolerated at the MTD. The main toxicity was diarrhea, an on-target effect of Notch1 inhibition. An efficacy signal was noted in subjects with ACC and Notch1 pathway activation. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01778439.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ferrarotto
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
| | - G Eckhardt
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, USA
| | - A Patnaik
- Phase I Medical Oncology Program, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics (START), San Antonio, USA
| | - P LoRusso
- Yale School of Medicine, Experimental Therapeutics, New Haven, USA
| | - L Faoro
- OncoMed Pharmaceuticals Inc, Redwood City, USA
| | - J V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - A M Kapoun
- OncoMed Pharmaceuticals Inc, Redwood City, USA
| | - L Xu
- OncoMed Pharmaceuticals Inc, Redwood City, USA
| | - P Munster
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
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10
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Adams JM, Jafar-Nejad H. The Roles of Notch Signaling in Liver Development and Disease. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9100608. [PMID: 31615106 PMCID: PMC6843177 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway plays major roles in organ development across animal species. In the mammalian liver, Notch has been found critical in development, regeneration and disease. In this review, we highlight the major advances in our understanding of the role of Notch activity in proper liver development and function. Specifically, we discuss the latest discoveries on how Notch, in conjunction with other signaling pathways, aids in proper liver development, regeneration and repair. In addition, we review the latest in the role of Notch signaling in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and chronic liver disease. Finally, recent evidence has shed light on the emerging connection between Notch signaling and glucose and lipid metabolism. We hope that highlighting the major advances in the roles of Notch signaling in the liver will stimulate further research in this exciting field and generate additional ideas for therapeutic manipulation of the Notch pathway in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Adams
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Hamed Jafar-Nejad
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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11
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Wang F, Liu S, Liu J, Feng F, Guo Y, Zhang W, Zheng G, Wang Q, Cai L, Guo M, Lian X, Xu G, Zhang H. SP promotes cell proliferation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through the NK1R/Hes1 axis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:1210-1216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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12
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Hilscher MB, Sehrawat T, Arab Verdugo JP, Zeng Z, Gao J, Liu M, Kostallari E, Gao Y, Simonetto DA, Yaqoob U, Cao S, Revzin A, Beyder A, Wang R, Kamath PS, Kubes P, Shah VH. Mechanical Stretch Increases Expression of CXCL1 in Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells to Recruit Neutrophils, Generate Sinusoidal Microthombi, and Promote Portal Hypertension. Gastroenterology 2019; 157:193-209.e9. [PMID: 30872106 PMCID: PMC6581607 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Mechanical forces contribute to portal hypertension (PHTN) and fibrogenesis. We investigated the mechanisms by which forces are transduced by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) into pressure and matrix changes. METHODS We isolated primary LSECs from mice and induced mechanical stretch with a Flexcell device, to recapitulate the pulsatile forces induced by congestion, and performed microarray and RNA-sequencing analyses to identify gene expression patterns associated with stretch. We also performed studies with C57BL/6 mice (controls), mice with deletion of neutrophil elastase (NE-/-) or peptidyl arginine deiminase type IV (Pad4-/-) (enzymes that formation of neutrophil extracellular traps [NETs]), and mice with LSEC-specific deletion of Notch1 (Notch1iΔEC). We performed partial ligation of the suprahepatic inferior vena cava (pIVCL) to simulate congestive hepatopathy-induced portal hypertension in mice; some mice were given subcutaneous injections of sivelestat or underwent bile-duct ligation. Portal pressure was measured using a digital blood pressure analyzer and we performed intravital imaging of livers of mice. RESULTS Expression of the neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL1 was up-regulated in primary LSECs exposed to mechanical stretch, compared with unexposed cells. Intravital imaging of livers in control mice revealed sinusoidal complexes of neutrophils and platelets and formation of NETs after pIVCL. NE-/- and Pad4-/- mice had lower portal pressure and livers had less fibrin compared with control mice after pIVCL and bile-duct ligation; neutrophil recruitment into sinusoidal lumen of liver might increase portal pressure by promoting sinusoid microthrombi. RNA-sequencing of LSECs identified proteins in mechanosensitive signaling pathways that are altered in response to mechanical stretch, including integrins, Notch1, and calcium signaling pathways. Mechanical stretch of LSECs increased expression of CXCL1 via integrin-dependent activation of transcription factors regulated by Notch and its interaction with the mechanosensitive piezo calcium channel. CONCLUSIONS In studies of LSECs and knockout mice, we identified mechanosensitive angiocrine signals released by LSECs which promote PHTN by recruiting sinusoidal neutrophils and promoting formation of NETs and microthrombi. Strategies to target these pathways might be developed for treatment of PHTN. RNA-sequencing accession number: GSE119547.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moira B. Hilscher
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
| | - Tejasav Sehrawat
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
| | | | - Zhutian Zeng
- Department of Immunology, University of Calgary, Alberta CA
| | - Jinhang Gao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
| | - Mengfei Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
| | - Enis Kostallari
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
| | - Yandong Gao
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
| | | | - Usman Yaqoob
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
| | - Sheng Cao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
| | - Alexander Revzin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
| | - Arthur Beyder
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Patrick S. Kamath
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
| | - Paul Kubes
- Department of Immunology, University of Calgary, Alberta CA
| | - Vijay H. Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
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13
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Abu Rmilah A, Zhou W, Nelson E, Lin L, Amiot B, Nyberg SL. Understanding the marvels behind liver regeneration. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 8:e340. [PMID: 30924280 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration is a process by which the remaining cells of an injured organ regrow to offset the missed cells. This field is relatively a new discipline that has been a focus of intense research by clinicians, surgeons, and scientists for decades. It constitutes the cornerstone of tissue engineering, creation of artificial organs, and generation and utilization of therapeutic stem cells to undergo transformation to different types of mature cells. Many medical experts, scientists, biologists, and bioengineers have dedicated their efforts to deeply comprehend the process of liver regeneration, striving for harnessing it to invent new therapies for liver failure. Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rodents has been extensively studied by researchers for many years. It is divided into three important distinctive phases including (a) Initiation or priming phase which includes an overexpression of specific genes to prepare the liver cells for replication, (b) Proliferation phase in which the liver cells undergo a series of cycles of cell division and expansion and finally, (c) termination phase which acts as brake to stop the regenerative process and prevent the liver tissue overgrowth. These events are well controlled by cytokines, growth factors, and signaling pathways. In this review, we describe the function, embryology, and anatomy of human liver, discuss the molecular basis of liver regeneration, elucidate the hepatocyte and cholangiocyte lineages mediating this process, explain the role of hepatic progenitor cells and elaborate the developmental signaling pathways and regulatory molecules required to procure a complete restoration of hepatic lobule. This article is categorized under: Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Regeneration Signaling Pathways > Global Signaling Mechanisms Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Cellular Differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anan Abu Rmilah
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Erek Nelson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Bruce Amiot
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Scott L Nyberg
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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14
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Wohlfeil SA, Häfele V, Dietsch B, Schledzewski K, Winkler M, Zierow J, Leibing T, Mohammadi MM, Heineke J, Sticht C, Olsavszky V, Koch PS, Géraud C, Goerdt S. Hepatic Endothelial Notch Activation Protects against Liver Metastasis by Regulating Endothelial-Tumor Cell Adhesion Independent of Angiocrine Signaling. Cancer Res 2018; 79:598-610. [PMID: 30530502 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of tumor cells with organ-specific endothelial cells (EC) is an important step during metastatic progression. Notch signaling in organ-specific niches has been implicated in mediating opposing effects on organotropic metastasis to the lungs and the liver, respectively. In this study, we scrutinized the role of endothelial Notch activation during liver metastasis. To target hepatic EC (HEC), a novel EC subtype-specific Cre driver mouse was generated. Clec4g-Cretg/wt mice were crossed to Rosa26N1ICD-IRES-GFP to enhance Notch signaling in HEC (NICDOE-HEC). In NICDOE-HEC mice, hepatic metastasis of malignant melanoma and colorectal carcinoma was significantly reduced. These mice revealed reduced liver growth and impaired metabolic zonation due to suppression of hepatic angiocrine Wnt signaling. Hepatic metastasis, however, was not controlled by angiocrine Wnt signaling, as deficiency of the Wnt cargo receptor Wls in HEC of WlsHEC-KO mice did not affect hepatic metastasis. In contrast, the hepatic microvasculature in NICDOE-HEC mice revealed a special form of sinusoidal capillarization, with effacement of endothelial zonation functionally paralleled by reduced tumor cell adhesion in vivo. Notably, expression of endothelial adhesion molecule ICAM1 by HEC was significantly reduced. Treatment with an anti-ICAM1 antibody significantly inhibited tumor cell adhesion to HEC in wild-type mice confirming that Notch controls hepatic metastasis via modulation of HEC adhesion molecules. As endothelial Notch activation in the lung has been shown to promote lung metastasis, tumor therapy will require approaches that target Notch in an organ-, cell type-, and context-specific manner. SIGNIFICANCE: Manipulation of Notch signaling in the endothelium has opposing, organ-specific effects on metastasis to the lung and the liver, demonstrating that this pathway should be targeted in a cell- and context-specific fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian A Wohlfeil
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Verena Häfele
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bianca Dietsch
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany.,Section of Clinical and Molecular Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kai Schledzewski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Manuel Winkler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johanna Zierow
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Leibing
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mona Malek Mohammadi
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Mannheim/Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joerg Heineke
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Mannheim/Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Center for Medical Research, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Victor Olsavszky
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Philipp-Sebastian Koch
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Cyrill Géraud
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany. .,Section of Clinical and Molecular Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sergij Goerdt
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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15
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The role of the Notch signaling pathway in liver injury and repair. JOURNAL OF BIO-X RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1097/jbr.0000000000000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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16
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Zhang F, Zhang J, Li X, Li B, Tao K, Yue S. Notch signaling pathway regulates cell cycle in proliferating hepatocytes involved in liver regeneration. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 33:1538-1547. [PMID: 29384233 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM It has been well documented that Notch signaling is involved in liver regeneration. However, the exact molecular mechanism mediating this process is not fully elucidated. The current study aimed to investigate the role of Notch signaling regulating cell cycle in proliferating hepatocytes in liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PHx, 67% resection) and the related molecular mechanism. METHODS Partial hepatectomy was performed in Sprague Dawley rats, and remnant livers were harvested 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after operation, and primary hepatocytes were isolated to investigate the molecular mechanism. RESULTS Notch signaling activation and hepatocyte proliferation were significantly increased after PHx, while treatment with FLI-06, the inhibitor of γ-secreting enzyme, blocked these trends. Besides, inhibition of Notch signaling led to dysregulation of cell cycle and cell-cycle components. Furthermore, Akti-1/2 (a selective Akt inhibitor) and PX-478 (a selective Hif-1α inhibitor) inhibited hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration after PHx, and the effect of downstream molecules activation by Jagged-1 (Notch-1 ligand) in hepatocytes was abolished by FLI-06, Akti-1/2, and PX-478. CONCLUSION The current study demonstrated for the first time that Notch signaling regulated cell cycle in proliferating hepatocytes involved in liver regeneration through NICD/Akt Akt/Hif-1α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinglong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bowei Li
- Department of 2nd Surgery, Baoji City Chinese Medicine Hospital, Baoji, Shanxi, China
| | - Kaishan Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuqiang Yue
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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17
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Duan J, Ruan B, Yan X, Liang L, Song P, Yang Z, Liu Y, Dou K, Han H, Wang L. Endothelial Notch activation reshapes the angiocrine of sinusoidal endothelia to aggravate liver fibrosis and blunt regeneration in mice. Hepatology 2018; 68:677-690. [PMID: 29420858 PMCID: PMC6099357 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) critically regulate liver homeostasis and diseases through angiocrine factors. Notch is critical in endothelial cells (ECs). In the current study, Notch signaling was activated by inducible EC-specific expression of the Notch intracellular domain (NIC). We found that endothelial Notch activation damaged liver homeostasis. Notch activation resulted in decreased fenestration and increased basement membrane, and a gene expression profile with decreased LSEC-associated genes and increased continuous EC-associated genes, suggesting LSEC dedifferentiation. Consistently, endothelial Notch activation enhanced hepatic fibrosis (HF) induced by CCl4 . Notch activation attenuated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)/soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) signaling, and activation of sGC by 3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole (YC-1) reversed the dedifferentiation phenotype. In addition, Notch activation subverted the hepatocyte-supporting angiocrine profile of LSECs by down-regulating critical hepatocyte mitogens, including Wnt2a, Wnt9b, and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). This led to compromised hepatocyte proliferation under both quiescent and regenerating conditions. Whereas expression of Wnt2a and Wnt9b was dependent on eNOS-sGC signaling, HGF expression was not rescued by the sGC activator, suggesting heterogeneous mechanisms of LSECs to maintain hepatocyte homeostasis. CONCLUSION Endothelial Notch activation results in LSEC dedifferentiation and accelerated liver fibrogenesis through eNOS-sGC signaling, and alters the angiocrine profile of LSECs to compromise hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration (LR). (Hepatology 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan‐Li Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi‐Jing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Bai Ruan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi‐Jing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina,Department of Clinical Aerospace Medicine, School of Aerospace MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Xian‐Chun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental BiologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Liang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental BiologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Ping Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi‐Jing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zi‐Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental BiologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental BiologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Ke‐Feng Dou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi‐Jing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Hua Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi‐Jing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental BiologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi‐Jing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
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18
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Liu W, Mu F, Liu T, Xu H, Chen J, Jia N, Zhang Y, Dou F, Shi L, Li Y, Wen A, Ding Y. Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography/Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabonomics Reveal Protective Effect of Terminalia chebula Extract on Ischemic Stroke Rats. Rejuvenation Res 2018; 21:541-552. [PMID: 29804491 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2018.2082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Terminalia chebula (TC), a kind of Combretaceae, is a widely used herb in India and East Asia to treat cerebrovascular diseases. However, the potential mechanism of the neuroprotective effects of TC at the metabonomics level is still not clear. The present study focused on the effects of TC on metabonomics in a stroke model. Rats were divided randomly into sham, model, and TC groups. Rats in the TC group were intragastrically administered with TC for 7 days after a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) operation. The sham and the model groups received vehicle for the same length of time. Subsequently, the neuroprotective effects of TC were examined by evaluation of neurological defects, assessment of infarct volume, and identification of biochemical indicators for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Further, metabonomics technology was employed to evaluate the endogenous metabolites profiling systematically. Consist with the results of biochemical and histopathological assays, pattern recognition analysis showed a clear separation of the model group and the sham group, indicating the recovery impact of TC on the MCAO rats. Moreover, 12 potential biomarkers were identified in the MCAO model group, involving energy (lactic acid, succinic acid, and fumarate), amino acids (leucine, alanine, and phenylalanine), and glycerophospholipid (PC [16:0/20:4], PC [20:4/20:4], LysoPC [18:0], and LysoPC [16:0]) metabolism, as well as other types of metabolism (arachidonic acid and palmitoylcarnitine). Notably, it was found that metabolite levels of TC group were partially reversed to normal. In conclusion, TC could ameliorate MCAO in rats by affecting energy metabolism (glycolysis and the TCA cycle), amino acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and other types of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Liu
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Mu
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianlong Liu
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hang Xu
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianzong Chen
- 2 Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Na Jia
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yikai Zhang
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,3 Department of Biochemistry, Shaanxi Institute of Medical Device Quality Supervision and Inspection, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang Dou
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Shi
- 4 Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuwen Li
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - AiDong Wen
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Ding
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,4 Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
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Blockade of RBP-J-Mediated Notch Signaling Pathway Exacerbates Cardiac Remodeling after Infarction by Increasing Apoptosis in Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5207031. [PMID: 30065940 PMCID: PMC6051300 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5207031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the major cause of death in patients with cardiovascular disease. Cardiac remodeling is a common pathological change following myocardial infarction (MI), and cardiomyocyte apoptosis plays a key role in this change. Transcription factor recombination signal-binding protein-J (RBP-J)-mediated Notch signaling pathway has been implicated in several inherited cardiovascular diseases, including aortic valve diseases, but whether the RBP-J-mediated Notch signaling pathway plays a role in cardiomyocyte apoptosis after MI is unclear. Method We crossed RBP-Jfl/fl mice and Myh6-Cre/Esr1 transgenic mice to delete RBP-J in vivo and to partly inhibit the canonical Notch signaling pathway. MI was induced in mice by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by the knockout of RBP-J. Cardiac function and morphology were assessed by echocardiography and histological analysis 4 weeks after infarction. In addition, the expression and regulation of apoptosis-related molecules were examined by real time PCR and western blot. Results RBP-J knockout decreased the survival rate and deteriorated post-MI remodeling and function in mice, and this effect was associated with increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The potential mechanisms might be related to the downregulated expression of bcl-2, upregulated expression of bax, and cleaved-caspase 3 to exacerbate cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Conclusion These findings show that the RBP-J-mediated Notch signaling pathway in cardiomyocytes limits ventricular remodeling and improves cardiac function after MI. The RBP-J-mediated Notch signaling pathway has a protective role in cardiomyocyte apoptosis following cardiac injury.
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Yang X, He C, Zhu L, Zhao W, Li S, Xia C, Xu C. Comparative Analysis of Regulatory Role of Notch Signaling Pathway in 8 Types Liver Cell During Liver Regeneration. Biochem Genet 2018; 57:1-19. [PMID: 29961162 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-018-9869-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling is closely related to cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, cell fate decisions, DNA damage repair, and so on. However, the exactly regulatory mechanism of Notch signaling pathway in liver regeneration (LR) remains unclear. To reveal the role of Notch signaling pathway in rat liver regeneration, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software and related pathway database were firstly used to construct the Notch signaling pathway in this study. Next, eight type cells with high purity were obtained by Percoll density centrifugation and immunomagnetic beads sorting. Then, the expression profiles of Notch signaling pathway-related genes in eight type cells were checked by using Rat Genome 230 2.0 Array, and the results showed that the expression of 42 genes were significantly regulated. H-cluster results showed that the hepatic stellate cells are attributed to one cluster; hepatocyte cell, oval cell, sinusoidal endothelial cell, and Kupffer cell are clustered together; and biliary epithelial cell, pit cell, and dendritic cell are one cluster. IPA software and Expression analysis systematic explorer analysis indicated that Notch signaling pathway-related genes were involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA damage repair, etc. In conclusion, Notch signaling pathway might regulate various physiological activities of LR through multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianguang Yang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, No. 46, Constrution East Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China.,Co-constructing Key Laboratory for Cell Differentiation Regulation, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Chuncui He
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, No. 46, Constrution East Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China.,Co-constructing Key Laboratory for Cell Differentiation Regulation, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, No. 46, Constrution East Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China.,Co-constructing Key Laboratory for Cell Differentiation Regulation, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Weiming Zhao
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, No. 46, Constrution East Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China.,Co-constructing Key Laboratory for Cell Differentiation Regulation, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Shuaihong Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, No. 46, Constrution East Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China.,Co-constructing Key Laboratory for Cell Differentiation Regulation, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Cong Xia
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, No. 46, Constrution East Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China.,Co-constructing Key Laboratory for Cell Differentiation Regulation, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Cunshuan Xu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, No. 46, Constrution East Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China. .,Co-constructing Key Laboratory for Cell Differentiation Regulation, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
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Kim D, Cho GS, Han C, Park DH, Park HK, Woo DH, Kim JH. Current Understanding of Stem Cell and Secretome Therapies in Liver Diseases. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 14:653-665. [PMID: 30603518 PMCID: PMC6171672 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver failure is one of the main risks of death worldwide, and it originates from repetitive injuries and inflammations of liver tissues, which finally leads to the liver cirrhosis or cancer. Currently, liver transplantation is the only effective treatment for the liver diseases although it has a limitation due to donor scarcity. Alternatively, cell therapy to regenerate and reconstruct the damaged liver has been suggested to overcome the current limitation of liver disease cures. Several transplantable cell types could be utilized for recovering liver functions in injured liver, including bone marrow cells, mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, macrophages, and stem cell-derived hepatocytes. Furthermore, paracrine effects of transplanted cells have been suggested as a new paradigm for liver disease cures, and this application would be a new strategy to cure liver failures. Therefore, here we reviewed the current status and challenges of therapy using stem cells for liver disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongkyu Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, NEXEL Co., Ltd., 9th Floor, 21 Wangsan-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02580 Korea
| | - Gun-Sik Cho
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, NEXEL Co., Ltd., 9th Floor, 21 Wangsan-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02580 Korea
| | - Choongseong Han
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, NEXEL Co., Ltd., 9th Floor, 21 Wangsan-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02580 Korea
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, #101 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
| | - Dong-Hyuk Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Medical Center, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchonro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Korea
| | - Hee-Kyung Park
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, #101 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Woo
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, NEXEL Co., Ltd., 9th Floor, 21 Wangsan-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02580 Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Science Campus, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbu-gu, Seoul, 02841 Korea
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23
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Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis Unraveling Transcriptional Regulation of High-Altitude Adaptation of Tibetan Pig. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168161. [PMID: 27936142 PMCID: PMC5148111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tibetan pigs have survived at high altitude for millennia and they have a suite of adaptive features to tolerate the hypoxic environment. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of hypoxia-adaptive phenotypes have not been completely elucidated. In this study, we analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs), biological pathways and constructed co-expression regulation networks using whole-transcriptome microarrays from lung tissues of Tibetan and Duroc pigs both at high and low altitude. A total of 3,066 DEGs were identified and this list was over-represented for the ontology terms including metabolic process, catalytic activity, and KEGG pathway including metabolic pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The regulatory (RIF) and phenotypic (PIF) impact factor analysis identified several known and several potentially novel regulators of hypoxia adaption, including: IKBKG, KLF6 and RBPJ (RIF1), SF3B1, EFEMP1, HOXB6 and ATF6 (RIF2). These findings provide new details of the regulatory architecture of hypoxia-adaptive genes and also insight into which genes may undergo epigenetic modification for further study in the high-altitude adaptation.
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Cuervo H, Nielsen CM, Simonetto DA, Ferrell L, Shah VH, Wang RA. Endothelial notch signaling is essential to prevent hepatic vascular malformations in mice. Hepatology 2016; 64:1302-1316. [PMID: 27362333 PMCID: PMC5261867 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Liver vasculature is crucial for adequate hepatic functions. Global deletion of Notch signaling in mice results in liver vascular pathologies. However, whether Notch in endothelium is essential for hepatic vascular structure and function remains unknown. To uncover the function of endothelial Notch in the liver, we deleted Rbpj, a transcription factor mediating all canonical Notch signaling, or Notch1 from the endothelium of postnatal mice. We investigated the hepatic vascular defects in these mutants. The liver was severely affected within 2 weeks of endothelial deletion of Rbpj from birth. Two-week old mutant mice had enlarged vessels on the liver surface, abnormal vascular architecture, and dilated sinusoids. Vascular casting and fluorosphere passage experiments indicated the presence of porto-systemic shunts. These mutant mice presented with severely necrotic liver parenchyma and significantly larger hypoxic areas, likely resulting from vascular shunts. We also found elevated levels of VEGF receptor 3 together with reduced levels of ephrin-B2, suggesting a possible contribution of these factors to the generation of hepatic vascular abnormalities. Deletion of Rbpj from the adult endothelium also led to dilated sinusoids, vascular shunts, and necrosis, albeit milder than that observed in mice with deletion from birth. Similar to deletion of Rbpj, loss of endothelial Notch1 from birth led to similar hepatic vascular malformations within 2 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial Notch signaling is essential for the development and maintenance of proper hepatic vascular architecture and function. These findings may elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of hepatic vascular malformation and the safety of therapeutics inhibiting Notch. (Hepatology 2016;64:1302-1316).
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Affiliation(s)
- Henar Cuervo
- Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Corinne M. Nielsen
- Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Linda Ferrell
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Vijay H. Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Rong A. Wang
- Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Corresponding author: Rong A. Wang, PhD, University of California, San Francisco, HSW 1618, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, Fax: 415-353-4370, Phone: 415-476-6855,
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25
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Lu J, Zhou Y, Hu T, Zhang H, Shen M, Cheng P, Dai W, Wang F, Chen K, Zhang Y, Wang C, Li J, Zheng Y, Yang J, Zhu R, Wang J, Lu W, Zhang H, Wang J, Xia Y, De Assuncao TM, Jalan-Sakrikar N, Huebert RC, Bin Zhou, Guo C. Notch Signaling Coordinates Progenitor Cell-Mediated Biliary Regeneration Following Partial Hepatectomy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22754. [PMID: 26951801 PMCID: PMC4782135 DOI: 10.1038/srep22754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant transcriptional regulation contributes to the pathogenesis of both congenital and adult forms of liver disease. Although the transcription factor RBPJ is essential for liver morphogenesis and biliary development, its specific function in the differentiation of hepatic progenitor cells (HPC) has not been investigated, and little is known about its role in adult liver regeneration. HPCs are bipotent liver stem cells that can self-replicate and differentiate into hepatocytes or cholangiocytes in vitro. HPCs are thought to play an important role in liver regeneration and repair responses. While the coordinated repopulation of both hepatocyte and cholangiocyte compartment is pivotal to the structure and function of the liver after regeneration, the mechanisms coordinating biliary regeneration remain vastly understudied. Here, we utilized complex genetic manipulations to drive liver-specific deletion of the Rbpj gene in conjunction with lineage tracing techniques to delineate the precise functions of RBPJ during biliary development and HPC-associated biliary regeneration after hepatectomy. Furthermore, we demonstrate that RBPJ promotes HPC differentiation toward cholangiocytes in vitro and blocks hepatocyte differentiation through mechanisms involving Hippo-Notch crosstalk. Overall, this study demonstrates that the Notch-RBPJ signaling axis critically regulates biliary regeneration by coordinating the fate decision of HPC and clarifies the molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingqun Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyuan Hu
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqi Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengfeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianrong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxia Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Junshan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujing Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Thiago M De Assuncao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nidhi Jalan-Sakrikar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robert C Huebert
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bin Zhou
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Yan XC, Cao J, Liang L, Wang L, Gao F, Yang ZY, Duan JL, Chang TF, Deng SM, Liu Y, Dou GR, Zhang J, Zheng QJ, Zhang P, Han H. miR-342-5p Is a Notch Downstream Molecule and Regulates Multiple Angiogenic Pathways Including Notch, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Transforming Growth Factor β Signaling. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.115.003042. [PMID: 26857067 PMCID: PMC4802463 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.003042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Endothelial cells (ECs) form blood vessels through angiogenesis that is regulated by coordination of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Notch, transforming growth factor β, and other signals, but the detailed molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Methods and Results Small RNA sequencing initially identified miR‐342‐5p as a novel downstream molecule of Notch signaling in ECs. Reporter assay, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis indicated that miR‐342‐5p targeted endoglin and modulated transforming growth factor β signaling by repressing SMAD1/5 phosphorylation in ECs. Transfection of miR‐342‐5p inhibited EC proliferation and lumen formation and reduced angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, as assayed by using a fibrin beads–based sprouting assay, mouse aortic ring culture, and intravitreal injection of miR‐342‐5p agomir in P3 pups. Moreover, miR‐342‐5p promoted the migration of ECs, accompanied by reduced endothelial markers and increased mesenchymal markers, indicative of increased endothelial–mesenchymal transition. Transfection of endoglin at least partially reversed endothelial–mesenchymal transition induced by miR‐342‐5p. The expression of miR‐342‐5p was upregulated by transforming growth factor β, and inhibition of miR‐342‐5p attenuated the inhibitory effects of transforming growth factor β on lumen formation and sprouting by ECs. In addition, VEGF repressed miR‐342‐5p expression, and transfection of miR‐342‐5p repressed VEGFR2 and VEGFR3 expression and VEGF‐triggered Akt phosphorylation in ECs. miR‐342‐5p repressed angiogenesis in a laser‐induced choroidal neovascularization model in mice, highlighting its clinical potential. Conclusions miR‐342‐5p acts as a multifunctional angiogenic repressor mediating the effects and interaction among angiogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Chun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zi-Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan-Li Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian-Fang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - San-Ming Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guo-Rui Dou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi-Jun Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Geisler F, Strazzabosco M. Emerging roles of Notch signaling in liver disease. Hepatology 2015; 61:382-92. [PMID: 24930574 PMCID: PMC4268103 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review critically discusses the most recent advances in the role of Notch signaling in liver development, homeostasis, and disease. It is now clear that the significance of Notch in determining mammalian cell fates and functions extends beyond development, and Notch is a major regular of organ homeostasis. Moreover, Notch signaling is reactivated upon injury and regulates the complex interactions between the distinct liver cell types involved in the repair process. Notch is also involved in the regulation of liver metabolism, inflammation, and cancer. The net effects of Notch signaling are highly variable and finely regulated at multiple levels, but also depend on the specific cellular context in which Notch is activated. Persistent activation of Notch signaling is associated with liver malignancies, such as hepatocellular carcinoma with stem cell features and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The complexity of the pathway provides several possible targets for agents able to inhibit Notch. However, further cell- and context-specific in-depth understanding of Notch signaling in liver homeostasis and disease will be essential to translate these concepts into clinical practice and be able to predict benefits and risks of evolving therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Geisler
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Mario Strazzabosco
- Liver Center & Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Surgery and Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Huang YE, Xu JB, An HY. Notch signaling regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatic fibrosis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:4588-4592. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i30.4588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is a conserved cellular interaction mechanism that widely exists in many kinds of cells. It can influence proliferation, differentiation and apoptotic cell fates, mediating interaction between cells. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process in which cells lose their epithelial phenotype and acquire mesenchymal cellular characteristics that enhance migration and invasion. This process is mediated by several cell signaling pathways. It has been proved that Notch signaling regulates EMT in hepatic fibrosis. This article will discuss how Notch signaling regulates EMT in hepatic fibrosis.
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29
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Nielsen CM, Cuervo H, Ding VW, Kong Y, Huang EJ, Wang RA. Deletion of Rbpj from postnatal endothelium leads to abnormal arteriovenous shunting in mice. Development 2014; 141:3782-92. [PMID: 25209249 DOI: 10.1242/dev.108951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are tortuous vessels characterized by arteriovenous (AV) shunts, which displace capillaries and shunt blood directly from artery to vein. Notch signaling regulates embryonic AV specification by promoting arterial, as opposed to venous, endothelial cell (EC) fate. To understand the essential role of endothelial Notch signaling in postnatal AV organization, we used inducible Cre-loxP recombination to delete Rbpj, a mediator of canonical Notch signaling, from postnatal ECs in mice. Deletion of endothelial Rbpj from birth resulted in features of AVMs by P14, including abnormal AV shunting and tortuous vessels in the brain, intestine and heart. We further analyzed brain AVMs, as they pose particular health risks. Consistent with AVM pathology, we found cerebral hemorrhage, hypoxia and necrosis, and neurological deficits. AV shunts originated from capillaries (and possibly venules), with the earliest detectable morphological abnormalities in AV connections by P8. Prior to AV shunt formation, alterations in EC gene expression were detected, including decreased Efnb2 and increased Pai1, which encodes a downstream effector of TGFβ signaling. After AV shunts had formed, whole-mount immunostaining showed decreased Efnb2 and increased Ephb4 expression within AV shunts, suggesting that ECs were reprogrammed from arterial to venous identity. Deletion of Rbpj from adult ECs led to tortuosities in gastrointestinal, uterine and skin vascular beds, but had mild effects in the brain. Our results demonstrate a temporal requirement for Rbpj in postnatal ECs to maintain proper artery, capillary and vein organization and to prevent abnormal AV shunting and AVM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne M Nielsen
- Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Henar Cuervo
- Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Vivianne W Ding
- Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Yupeng Kong
- Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Eric J Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Rong A Wang
- Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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30
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Zhang P, Yan X, Chen Y, Yang Z, Han H. Notch signaling in blood vessels: from morphogenesis to homeostasis. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2014; 57:774-80. [PMID: 25104449 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-014-4716-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved intercellular signaling pathway that plays numerous crucial roles in vascular development and physiology. Compelling evidence indicates that Notch signaling is vital for vascular morphogenesis including arterial and venous differentiation and endothelial tip and stalk cell specification during sprouting angiogenesis and also vessel maturation featured by mural cell differentiation and recruitment. Notch signaling is also required for vascular homeostasis in adults by keeping quiescent phalanx cells from re-entering cell cycle and by modulating the behavior of endothelial progenitor cells. We will summarize recent advances of Notch pathway in vascular biology with special emphasis on the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
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31
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A murine model of hepatic veno-occlusive disease induced by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 67:939-48. [PMID: 23579582 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9587-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic veno-occlusive disease (HVOD) is a life-threatening complication of bone marrow stem cell transplantation. The understanding of this clinical condition is hampered by the lack of suitable animal models. Here, we present a murine (BALB/c-based) model of HVOD induced by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The chimerism rate of bone marrow was measured on days 5 and 10, while the chimerism rate of peripheral blood was measured on day 15 after allo-HSCT. Percentages of peripheral reticulocytes and serum levels of bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase (as liver function tests) were measured on days 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30. Livers were obtained on days 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30, and fixed in formaldehyde or glutaric dialdehyde. Liver slices were processed using the hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichrome, or immunohistochemistry staining, and examined by light or transmission electron microscopy. Sinusoidal damages were the earliest pathological changes occurring in the allo-HSCT-induced HVOD, followed by coagulative necrosis of liver cells. The liver cell necrosis was later attenuated and sinusoidal endothelial cell morphology improved. However, on day 30, the edema and necrosis of liver cells became aggravated again. Furthermore, sinusoidal lining cell regeneration and partly attenuated liver cell necrosis were followed by the moderate to severe central vein fibrosis. In conclusion, we have successfully established a murine model of HSCT-HVOD. This model develops moderate to severe HVOD which cannot heal without intervention.
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Burghardt S, Claass B, Erhardt A, Karimi K, Tiegs G. Hepatocytes induce Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells by Notch signaling. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 96:571-7. [PMID: 24970859 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2ab0613-342rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver plays a pivotal role in maintaining immunological tolerance, although the exact molecular mechanism is still largely unknown. The induction of systemic tolerance by liver resident APCs has been attributed to peripheral deletion and to the induction of Tregs. HCs, the parenchymal cells in the liver, could function as nonprofessional APCs and interact and establish cell-cell contact with T lymphocytes. We hypothesized that HCs from healthy or regenerated livers may contribute to induction of functional Tregs. Here, we show that murine HCs induced Foxp3(+) Tregs within CD4(+) T cells in vitro, which increased in the presence of TGF-β. Interestingly, a further Foxp3(+) Treg expansion was observed if HCs were isolated from regenerated livers. Additionally, the induction of Foxp3(+) Tregs was associated with the Notch signaling pathway, as the ability of HCs to enhance Foxp3 was abolished by γ-secretase inhibition. Furthermore, HC-iTregs showed ability to suppress the proliferative response of CD4(+) T cells to anti-CD3 stimulation in vitro. Thus, HCs may play a pivotal role in the induction of tolerance via Notch-mediated conversion of CD4(+) T cells into Foxp3(+) Tregs upon TCR stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Burghardt
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Claass
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annette Erhardt
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gisa Tiegs
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Fu W, Wang K, Zhao JL, Yu HC, Li SZ, Lin Y, Liang L, Huang SY, Liang YM, Han H, Qin HY. FHL1C induces apoptosis in Notch1-dependent T-ALL cells through an interaction with RBP-J. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:463. [PMID: 24952875 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrantly activated Notch signaling has been found in more than 50% of patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Current strategies that employ γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) to target Notch activation have not been successful. Many limitations, such as non-Notch specificity, dose-limiting gastrointestinal toxicity and GSI resistance, have prompted an urgent need for more effective Notch signaling inhibitors for T-ALL treatment. Human four-and-a-half LIM domain protein 1C (FHL1C) (KyoT2 in mice) has been demonstrated to suppress Notch activation in vitro, suggesting that FHL1C may be new candidate target in T-ALL therapy. However, the role of FHL1C in T-ALL cells remained unclear. METHODS Using RT-PCR, we amplified full-length human FHL1C, and constructed full-length and various truncated forms of FHL1C. Using cell transfection, flow cytometry, transmission electron microscope, real-time RT-PCR, and Western blotting, we found that overexpression of FHL1C induced apoptosis of Jurkat cells. By using a reporter assay and Annexin-V staining, the minimal functional sequence of FHL1C inhibiting RBP-J-mediated Notch transactivation and inducing cell apoptosis was identified. Using real-time PCR and Western blotting, we explored the possible molecular mechanism of FHL1C-induced apoptosis. All data were statistically analyzed with the SPSS version 12.0 software. RESULTS In Jurkat cells derived from a Notch1-associated T-ALL cell line insensitive to GSI treatment, we observed that overexpression of FHL1C, which is down-regulated in T-ALL patients, strongly induced apoptosis. Furthermore, we verified that FHL1C-induced apoptosis depended on the RBP-J-binding motif at the C-terminus of FHL1C. Using various truncated forms of FHL1C, we found that the RBP-J-binding motif of FHL1C had almost the same effect as full-length FHL1C on the induction of apoptosis, suggesting that the minimal functional sequence in the RBP-J-binding motif of FHL1C might be a new drug candidate for T-ALL treatment. We also explored the molecular mechanism of FHL1C overexpression-induced apoptosis, which suppressed downstream target genes such as Hes1 and c-Myc and key signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT and NF-κB of Notch signaling involved in T-ALL progression. CONCLUSIONS Our study has revealed that FHL1C overexpression induces Jurkat cell apoptosis. This finding may provide new insights in designing new Notch inhibitors based on FHL1C to treat T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ying-Min Liang
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, People's Republic of China.
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Valenti L, Mendoza RM, Rametta R, Maggioni M, Kitajewski C, Shawber CJ, Pajvani UB. Hepatic notch signaling correlates with insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Diabetes 2013; 62:4052-62. [PMID: 23990360 PMCID: PMC3837035 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic Notch signaling is inappropriately activated in obese/insulin-resistant mouse models. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of hepatic Notch signaling in obese mice simultaneously improves glucose tolerance and reduces hepatic triglyceride content. As such, we predicted that Notch signaling in human liver would be positively associated with insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Here, we systematically survey Notch signaling in liver biopsy specimens, and show active Notch signaling in lean and obese adults, with expression of multiple Notch receptors and ligands. In morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery, we show that Notch activation positively correlates with glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK1) expression, key regulators of hepatic glucose output. We used immunofluorescence to identify active Notch signaling in hepatocytes and show highest activity in hyperglycemia, which we confirmed is a direct effect of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. In a validation cohort of leaner individuals undergoing percutaneous liver biopsy for suspected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), Notch activity showed independent positive association with insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Notably, Notch activity showed stronger correlation with the NAFLD activity score and alanine aminotransferase levels than with steatosis alone, suggesting that Notch activity is associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. In summary, this study establishes that Notch signaling is activated in and may represent a therapeutic target for patients with obesity-related liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Valenti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Internal Medicine, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca’ Granda, Milano, Italy
| | - Rosa M. Mendoza
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Raffaela Rametta
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Internal Medicine, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca’ Granda, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Maggioni
- Department of Pathology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Internal Medicine, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca’ Granda, Milano, Italy
| | - Chris Kitajewski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Carrie J. Shawber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Utpal B. Pajvani
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Corresponding author: Utpal B. Pajvani,
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Ortica S, Tarantino N, Aulner N, Israël A, Gupta-Rossi N. The 4 Notch receptors play distinct and antagonistic roles in the proliferation and hepatocytic differentiation of liver progenitors. FASEB J 2013; 28:603-14. [PMID: 24145721 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-235903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is involved in liver development and regeneration. Here, we investigate the role of the 4 mammalian Notch paralogs in the regulation of hepatoblast proliferation and hepatocytic differentiation. Our model is based on bipotential mouse embryonic liver (BMEL) progenitors that can differentiate into hepatocytes or cholangiocytes in vitro and in vivo. BMEL cells were subjected to Notch antagonists or agonists. Blocking Notch activation with a γ-secretase inhibitor, at 50 μM for 48 h, reduced cell growth by 50%. S-phase entry was impaired, but no apoptosis was induced. A systematic paralog-specific strategy was set using lentiviral transduction with constitutively active forms of each Notch receptor along with inhibition of endogenous Notch signaling. This assay demonstrates that proliferation of BMEL cells requires Notch2 and Notch4 activity, resulting in significant down-regulation of p27(Kip1) and p57(Kip2) cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. Conversely, Notch3-expressing cells proliferate less and express 3-fold higher levels of p57(Kip2). The Notch3 cells present a hepatocyte-like morphology, enhanced multinucleation, and a ploidy shift. Moreover, Notch3 activity is conducive to hepatocytic differentiation in vitro, while its paralogs impede this fate. Our study provides the first evidence of a functional diversity among the mammalian Notch homologues in the proliferation and hepatocytic-lineage commitment of liver progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ortica
- 1Unité de Signalisation Moléculaire et Activation Cellulaire, URA 2582 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
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Chen JY, Feng L, Zhang HL, Li JC, Yang XW, Cao XL, Liu L, Qin HY, Liang YM, Han H. Differential regulation of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells and endothelial outgrowth cells by the Notch signaling pathway. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43643. [PMID: 23118846 PMCID: PMC3485270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are heterogeneous populations of cells that participate in vasculogenesis and promote tissue regeneration. However the different roles of EPC populations in vasculogenesis and tissue regeneration, as well as their regulation and mechanisms remain elusive. In the present study, we cultured bone marrow (BM)-derived early EPCs (EEPCs) and endothelial outgrowth cells (EOCs), and investigated their roles in liver regeneration and their regulation by the Notch signaling pathway. We found that Notch signaling exhibited different effects on the proliferation and migration of EEPCs and EOCs. Our results also showed that while EEPCs failed to form vessel-like structures in a three dimensional sprouting model in vitro, EOCs could sprout and form endothelial cords, and this was regulated by the Notch signaling. We further showed that, by using a conditional knockout model of RBP-J (the critical transcription factor mediating Notch signaling), Notch signaling differentially regulates EEPCs and EOCs. In a partial hepatectomy (PHx) model, EEPCs Notch-dependently benefitted liver regeneration with respect to liver function and hepatocyte proliferation and apoptosis. In contrast, EOCs appeared not directly involved in the recovery of liver function and the increase of hepatocytes. These data suggested that the RBP-J-mediated Notch signaling differentially regulated the two types of EPCs, which showed different roles in liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yuan Chen
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Long Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Chang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Li Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Min Liang
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (Y-ML); (HH)
| | - Hua Han
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (Y-ML); (HH)
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Dou GR, Wang L, Wang YS, Han H. Notch signaling in ocular vasculature development and diseases. Mol Med 2012; 18:47-55. [PMID: 21989947 PMCID: PMC3269647 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular angiogenesis, characterized by the formation of new blood vessels in the avascular area in eyes, is a highly coordinated process involved in retinal vasculature formation and several ocular diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, proliferative diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity. This process is orchestrated by complicated cellular interactions and vascular growth factors, during which endothelial cells acquire heterogeneous phenotypes and distinct cellular destinations. To date, while the vascular endothelial growth factor has been identified as the most critical angiogenic agent with a remarkable therapeutic value, the Notch signaling pathway appears to be a similarly important regulator in several angiogenic steps. Recent progress has highlighted the involvement, mechanisms and therapeutic potential of Notch signaling in retinal vasculature development and pathological angiogenesis-related eye disorders, which may cause irreversible blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Rui Dou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Xi’an, China
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Xi’an, China
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Hua Han
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Gilgenkrantz H, Collin de l'Hortet A. New insights into liver regeneration. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2011; 35:623-9. [PMID: 21613004 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Even if the Greeks probably anticipated rather than discovered the extraordinary regenerative capacity of the liver with the Prometheus myth, this phenomenon still fascinates scientists nowadays with the same enthusiasm. There are good reasons to decipher this process other than to find an answer to our fantasy of immortality: it could indeed help patients needing large liver resections or living-donor liver transplantation, it could increase our understanding of liver pathology and finally it could enable novel cell-therapy approaches. For decades, most of our knowledge about the mechanisms involved in liver regeneration came from the classic two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PH) model. In this scenario, hepatocytes play the leading role, which raises the question of the simple existence of a stem cell population. Recently however, hepatic progenitor cells come again under the limelight, seeming to play a role in liver physiology and in various liver diseases such as steatosis or cirrhosis. Excellent reviews have recently addressed liver regeneration. Our goal is therefore to focus on recent improvements in the field, highlighting data mostly published in the last two years in order to draw a putative picture of what the future research axes on liver regeneration might look like.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Gilgenkrantz
- U.1016 Inserm, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, University Paris-Descartes, 24 rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, Paris 75014, France.
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Yu HC, Qin HY, He F, Wang L, Fu W, Liu D, Guo FC, Liang L, Dou KF, Han H. Canonical notch pathway protects hepatocytes from ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice by repressing reactive oxygen species production through JAK2/STAT3 signaling. Hepatology 2011; 54:979-88. [PMID: 21633967 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is initiated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulated during the early reperfusion phase after ischemia, but cellular mechanisms controlling ROS production and scavenging have not been fully understood. In this study, we show that blocking Notch signal by knockout of the transcription factor RBP-J or a pharmacological inhibitor led to aggravated hepatic I/R injury, as manifested by deteriorated liver function and increased apoptosis, necrosis, and inflammation, both in vitro and in vivo. Interruption of Notch signaling resulted in increased intracellular ROS in hepatocytes, and a ROS scavenger cured exacerbated hepatic I/R injury after Notch signaling blockade, suggesting that Notch signal deficiency aggravated I/R injury through increased ROS levels. Notch signal blockade resulted in down-regulation of Hes5, leading to reduced formation of the Hes5-STAT3 complex and hypophosphorylation of STAT3, which further attenuated manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) expression and increased ROS and apoptosis. Indeed, overexpression of a constitutively active STAT3 rescued MnSOD expression and I/R injury-induced apoptosis in the absence of Notch signaling. Finally, forced Notch activation by ligand stimulation or Hes5 overexpression reduced intracellular ROS and protected hepatocytes from apoptosis after I/R injury through the activation of STAT3 and MnSOD expression. CONCLUSION Notch signal protects hepatocytes from I/R injury by Hes5-dependent activation of STAT3, which activates the expression of MnSOD, leading to the scavenging of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Chao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Hierarchies of transcriptional regulation during liver regeneration. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2011; 97:201-27. [PMID: 21074734 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385233-5.00007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable capacity of the liver to regenerate after severe injury or disease has excited interest for centuries. The goal of harnessing this process in treatment of liver disease, and the appreciation of the parallels between regeneration and tumor development in the liver, remain a major driver for research in this area. Studies of liver regeneration as a model system offer a view of intricate and precisely timed regulatory pathways that drive the process toward completion. Successful regeneration of the liver mass demands a hierarchal and well-controlled balance between proliferative and metabolic functions, which is orchestrated by signaling and regulation of transcription factors. Control and regulation of these cascades of transcriptional activities, necessary for induction, renewal, and cessation of liver growth, are the focus of this chapter.
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Böhm F, Köhler UA, Speicher T, Werner S. Regulation of liver regeneration by growth factors and cytokines. EMBO Mol Med 2010; 2:294-305. [PMID: 20652897 PMCID: PMC3377328 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201000085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The capability of the liver to fully regenerate after injury is a unique phenomenon essential for the maintenance of its important functions in the control of metabolism and xenobiotic detoxification. The regeneration process is histologically well described, but the genes that orchestrate liver regeneration have been only partially characterized. Of particular interest are cytokines and growth factors, which control different phases of liver regeneration. Historically, their potential functions in this process were addressed by analyzing their expression in the regenerating liver of rodents. Some of the predicted roles were confirmed using functional studies, including systemic delivery of recombinant growth factors, neutralizing antibodies or siRNAs prior to liver injury or during liver regeneration. In particular, the availability of genetically modified mice and their use in liver regeneration studies has unraveled novel and often unexpected functions of growth factors, cytokines and their downstream signalling targets in liver regeneration. This review summarizes the results obtained by functional studies that have addressed the roles and mechanisms of action of growth factors and cytokines in liver regeneration after acute injury to this organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Böhm
- Department of Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Wang YC, He F, Feng F, Liu XW, Dong GY, Qin HY, Hu XB, Zheng MH, Liang L, Feng L, Liang YM, Han H. Notch signaling determines the M1 versus M2 polarization of macrophages in antitumor immune responses. Cancer Res 2010; 70:4840-9. [PMID: 20501839 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are important tumor-infiltrating cells and play pivotal roles in tumor growth and metastasis. Macrophages participate in immune responses to tumors in a polarized manner: classic M1 macrophages produce interleukin (IL) 12 to promote tumoricidal responses, whereas M2 macrophages produce IL10 and help tumor progression. The mechanisms governing macrophage polarization are unclear. Here, we show that the M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) have a lower level of Notch pathway activation in mouse tumor models. Forced activation of Notch signaling increased M1 macrophages which produce IL12, no matter whether M1 or M2 inducers were applied. When Notch signaling was blocked, the M1 inducers induced M2 response in the expense of M1. Macrophages deficient in canonical Notch signaling showed TAM phenotypes. Forced activation of Notch signaling in macrophages enhanced their antitumor capacity. We further show that RBP-J-mediated Notch signaling regulates the M1 versus M2 polarization through SOCS3. Therefore, Notch signaling plays critical roles in the determination of M1 versus M2 polarization of macrophages, and compromised Notch pathway activation will lead to the M2-like TAMs. These results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of macrophage polarization and shed light on new therapies for cancers through the modulation of macrophage polarization through the Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Chun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Kurinna S, Barton MC. Cascades of transcription regulation during liver regeneration. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2010; 43:189-97. [PMID: 20307684 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2010.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2009] [Revised: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
An increasing demand for new strategies in cancer prevention and regenerative medicine requires a better understanding of molecular mechanisms that control cell proliferation in tissue-specific manner. Regenerating liver is a unique model allowing use of biochemical, genetic, and engineering tools to uncover molecular mechanisms and improve treatment of hepatic cancers, liver failure, and fibrotic disease. Molecular mechanisms of liver regeneration involve extra- and intracellular factors to activate transcription of genes normally silenced in quiescent liver. While many upstream signaling pathways of the regenerating liver have been extensively studied, our knowledge of the downstream effectors, transcription factors (TFs), remains limited. This review describes consecutive engagement of pre-existing and de novo synthesized TFs, as cascades that regulate expression of growth-related and metabolic genes during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice. Several previously recognized regulators of regenerating liver are described in the light of recently identified co-activator and co-repressor complexes that interact with primary DNA-binding TFs. Published results of gene expression and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses, as well as studies of transgenic mouse models, are used to emphasize new potential regulators of transcription during liver regeneration. Finally, a more detailed description of newly identified transcriptional regulators of liver regeneration illustrates the tightly regulated balance of proliferative and metabolic responses to partial hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Kurinna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UT-Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Abstract
RBP-J/Su(H)/Lag1, the main transcriptional mediator of Notch signaling, binds DNA with the consensus sequence YRTGDGAD. Notch target genes can be controlled by two opposing activities of RBP-J. The interaction of the Notch intracellular domain with RBP-J induces a weak transcriptional activation and requires an additional tissue-specific transcriptional activator such as bHLH proteins or GATA to mediate strong target gene expression. For example, during Drosophila sensory organ precursor (SOP) cell development, proneural bHLH interacts with Da, a Drosophila orthologue of E2A, to form a tissue-specific activator of Su(H), the Drosophila orthologue of RBP-J. This complex and Su(H) act synergistically to promote the epidermal cell fate. In contrast, a complex of Su(H) with Hairless, a Drosophila functional homologue of MINT, has transcriptional repression activity that promotes SOP differentiation to neurons. Recent conditional loss-of-function studies demonstrated that transcriptional networks involving RBP-J, MINT, and E2A are conserved in mammalian cell differentiation, including multiple steps of lymphocyte development, and probably also in neuronal maturation in adult neurogenesis. During neurogenesis, Notch-RBP-J signaling was thought historically to be involved mainly in the maintenance of undifferentiated neural progenitors. However, the identification of a tissue-specific transcriptional activator of RBP-J-Notch has revealed new roles of RBP-J in the promotion of neuronal maturation. Finally, the Notch-independent function of RBP-J was recently discovered and will be reviewed here.
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Notch-RBP-J signaling regulates the mobilization and function of endothelial progenitor cells by dynamic modulation of CXCR4 expression in mice. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7572. [PMID: 19859544 PMCID: PMC2762521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM)-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) have therapeutic potentials in promoting tissue regeneration, but how these cells are modulated in vivo has been elusive. Here, we report that RBP-J, the critical transcription factor mediating Notch signaling, modulates EPC through CXCR4. In a mouse partial hepatectomy (PHx) model, RBP-J deficient EPC showed attenuated capacities of homing and facilitating liver regeneration. In resting mice, the conditional deletion of RBP-J led to a decrease of BM EPC, with a concomitant increase of EPC in the peripheral blood. This was accompanied by a down-regulation of CXCR4 on EPC in BM, although CXCR4 expression on EPC in the circulation was up-regulated in the absence of RBP-J. PHx in RBP-J deficient mice induced stronger EPC mobilization. In vitro, RBP-J deficient EPC showed lowered capacities of adhering, migrating, and forming vessel-like structures in three-dimensional cultures. Over-expression of CXCR4 could at least rescue the defects in vessel formation by the RBP-J deficient EPC. These data suggested that the RBP-J-mediated Notch signaling regulated EPC mobilization and function, at least partially through dynamic modulation of CXCR4 expression. Our findings not only provide new insights into the regulation of EPC, but also have implications for clinical therapies using EPC in diseases.
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