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Robinson CJ, Thiagarajan L, Maynard R, Aruketty M, Herrera J, Dingle L, Reid A, Wong J, Cao H, Dooley J, Liston A, Müllhaupt D, Hiebert P, Hiebert H, Kurinna S. Release of miR-29 Target Laminin C2 Improves Skin Repair. Am J Pathol 2024; 194:195-208. [PMID: 37981221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate mRNA targets in a cell-specific manner. miR-29 is expressed in murine and human skin, where it may regulate functions in skin repair. Cutaneous wound healing model in miR-29a/b1 gene knockout mice was used to identify miR-29 targets in the wound matrix, where angiogenesis and maturation of provisional granulation tissue was enhanced in response to genetic deletion of miR-29. Consistently, antisense-mediated inhibition of miR-29 promoted angiogenesis in vitro by autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. These processes are likely mediated by miR-29 target mRNAs released upon removal of miR-29 to improve cell-matrix adhesion. One of these, laminin (Lam)-c2 (also known as laminin γ2), was strongly up-regulated during skin repair in the wound matrix of knockout mice. Unexpectedly, Lamc2 was deposited in the basal membrane of endothelial cells in blood vessels forming in the granulation tissue of knockout mice. New blood vessels showed punctate interactions between Lamc2 and integrin α6 (Itga6) along the length of the proto-vessels, suggesting that greater levels of Lamc2 may contribute to the adhesion of endothelial cells, thus assisting angiogenesis within the wound. These findings may be of translational relevance, as LAMC2 was deposited at the leading edge in human wounds, where it formed a basal membrane for endothelial cells and assisted neovascularization. These results suggest a link between LAMC2, improved angiogenesis, and re-epithelialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor J Robinson
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lalitha Thiagarajan
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Maynard
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Maneesha Aruketty
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Herrera
- Blond-McIndoe Laboratory, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis Dingle
- Blond-McIndoe Laboratory, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Reid
- Blond-McIndoe Laboratory, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Wong
- Blond-McIndoe Laboratory, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Heng Cao
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - James Dooley
- Center for Brain and Disease Research, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Leuven, Belgium; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Katholieke Universiteit-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Liston
- Center for Brain and Disease Research, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Leuven, Belgium; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Katholieke Universiteit-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Müllhaupt
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul Hiebert
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hayley Hiebert
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Svitlana Kurinna
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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Satta S, Beal R, Smith R, Luo X, Ferris GR, Langford-Smith A, Teasdale J, Ajime TT, Serré J, Hazell G, Newby GS, Johnson JL, Kurinna S, Humphries MJ, Gayan-Ramirez G, Libby P, Degens H, Yu B, Johnson T, Alexander Y, Jia H, Newby AC, White SJ. A Nrf2-OSGIN1&2-HSP70 axis mediates cigarette smoke-induced endothelial detachment: implications for plaque erosion. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1869-1882. [PMID: 36804807 PMCID: PMC10405570 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Endothelial erosion of plaques is responsible for ∼30% of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Smoking is a risk factor for plaque erosion, which most frequently occurs on the upstream surface of plaques where the endothelium experiences elevated shear stress. We sought to recreate these conditions in vitro to identify potential pathological mechanisms that might be of relevance to plaque erosion. METHODS AND RESULTS Culturing human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) under elevated flow (shear stress of 7.5 Pa) and chronically exposing them to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) recapitulated a defect in HCAEC adhesion, which corresponded with augmented Nrf2-regulated gene expression. Pharmacological activation or adenoviral overexpression of Nrf2 triggered endothelial detachment, identifying Nrf2 as a mediator of endothelial detachment. Growth/Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF15) expression was elevated in this model, with protein expression elevated in the plasma of patients experiencing plaque erosion compared with plaque rupture. The expression of two Nrf2-regulated genes, OSGIN1 and OSGIN2, was increased by CSE and TNFα under elevated flow and was also elevated in the aortas of mice exposed to cigarette smoke in vivo. Knockdown of OSGIN1&2 inhibited Nrf2-induced cell detachment. Overexpression of OSGIN1&2 induced endothelial detachment and resulted in cell cycle arrest, induction of senescence, loss of focal adhesions and actin stress fibres, and disturbed proteostasis mediated in part by HSP70, restoration of which reduced HCAEC detachment. In ACS patients who smoked, blood concentrations of HSP70 were elevated in plaque erosion compared with plaque rupture. CONCLUSION We identified a novel Nrf2-OSGIN1&2-HSP70 axis that regulates endothelial adhesion, elevated GDF15 and HSP70 as biomarkers for plaque erosion in patients who smoke, and two therapeutic targets that offer the potential for reducing the risk of plaque erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Satta
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Robert Beal
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Rhys Smith
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Xing Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, & The Key Laboratory of Medical Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Glenn R Ferris
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Alex Langford-Smith
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Jack Teasdale
- Bristol Medical School, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Tom Tanjeko Ajime
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jef Serré
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Georgina Hazell
- Bristol Medical School, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Graciela Sala Newby
- Bristol Medical School, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Jason L Johnson
- Bristol Medical School, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Svitlana Kurinna
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Ghislaine Gayan-Ramirez
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Libby
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hans Degens
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto g. 6, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, & The Key Laboratory of Medical Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Thomas Johnson
- Department of Cardiology, Bristol Heart Institute, Upper Maudlin St., Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Yvonne Alexander
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Haibo Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, & The Key Laboratory of Medical Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Andrew C Newby
- Bristol Medical School, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Stephen J White
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
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Kurinna S, Seltmann K, Bachmann AL, Schwendimann A, Thiagarajan L, Hennig P, Beer HD, Mollo MR, Missero C, Werner S. Interaction of the NRF2 and p63 transcription factors promotes keratinocyte proliferation in the epidermis. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:3748-3763. [PMID: 33764436 PMCID: PMC8053124 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of cell and tissue function requires the coordinated action of transcription factors. However, their combinatorial activities during regeneration remain largely unexplored. Here, we discover an unexpected interaction between the cytoprotective transcription factor NRF2 and p63- a key player in epithelial morphogenesis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with sequencing and reporter assays identifies enhancers and promoters that are simultaneously activated by NRF2 and p63 in human keratinocytes. Modeling of p63 and NRF2 binding to nucleosomal DNA suggests their chromatin-assisted interaction. Pharmacological and genetic activation of NRF2 increases NRF2–p63 binding to enhancers and promotes keratinocyte proliferation, which involves the common NRF2–p63 target cyclin-dependent kinase 12. These results unravel a collaborative function of NRF2 and p63 in the control of epidermal renewal and suggest their combined activation as a strategy to promote repair of human skin and other stratified epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Kurinna
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, FBMH, University of Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Kristin Seltmann
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas L Bachmann
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Schwendimann
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lalitha Thiagarajan
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, FBMH, University of Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Paulina Hennig
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Dietmar Beer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Rosaria Mollo
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Missero
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sabine Werner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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Kurinna S, Muzumdar S, Köhler UA, Kockmann T, Auf dem Keller U, Schäfer M, Werner S. Autocrine and Paracrine Regulation of Keratinocyte Proliferation through a Novel Nrf2-IL-36γ Pathway. J Immunol 2016; 196:4663-70. [PMID: 27183581 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The Nrf2 transcription factor is well known for its cytoprotective functions through regulation of genes involved in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species or toxic compounds. Therefore, activation of Nrf2 is a promising strategy for the protection of tissues from various types of insults and for cancer prevention. However, recent studies revealed a proinflammatory activity of activated Nrf2 and a stimulating effect on epithelial cell proliferation, but the underlying mechanisms of action and the responsible target genes are largely unknown. Using a combination of gene expression profiling, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and targeted proteomics via selected reaction monitoring, we show that the gene encoding the proinflammatory cytokine IL-36γ is a novel direct target of Nrf2 in keratinocytes and hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo. As a consequence, upregulation of IL-36γ expression occurred upon genetic or pharmacological activation of Nrf2 in the epidermis and in the normal and regenerating liver. Functional in vitro studies demonstrate that IL-36γ directly stimulates proliferation of keratinocytes. In particular, it induces expression of keratinocyte mitogens in fibroblasts, suggesting that the Nrf2-IL-36γ axis promotes keratinocyte proliferation through a double paracrine loop. These results provide mechanistic insight into Nrf2 action in the control of inflammation and cell proliferation through regulation of a proinflammatory cytokine with a key function in various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Kurinna
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Sukalp Muzumdar
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Ulrike Anne Köhler
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Tobias Kockmann
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; and Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich/University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Auf dem Keller
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Matthias Schäfer
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Sabine Werner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; and
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Link AS, Kurinna S, Havlicek S, Lehnert S, Reichel M, Kornhuber J, Winner B, Huth T, Zheng F, Werner S, Alzheimer C. Kdm6b and Pmepa1 as Targets of Bioelectrically and Behaviorally Induced Activin A Signaling. Mol Neurobiol 2015. [PMID: 26215835 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9363-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family member activin A exerts multiple neurotrophic and protective effects in the brain. Activin also modulates cognitive functions and affective behavior and is a presumed target of antidepressant therapy. Despite its important role in the injured and intact brain, the mechanisms underlying activin effects in the CNS are still largely unknown. Our goal was to identify the first target genes of activin signaling in the hippocampus in vivo. Electroconvulsive seizures, a rodent model of electroconvulsive therapy in humans, were applied to C57BL/6J mice to elicit a strong increase in activin A signaling. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments with hippocampal lysates subsequently revealed that binding of SMAD2/3, the intracellular effectors of activin signaling, was significantly enriched at the Pmepa1 gene, which encodes a negative feedback regulator of TGF-β signaling in cancer cells, and at the Kdm6b gene, which encodes an epigenetic regulator promoting transcriptional plasticity. Underlining the significance of these findings, activin treatment also induced PMEPA1 and KDM6B expression in human forebrain neurons generated from embryonic stem cells suggesting interspecies conservation of activin effects in mammalian neurons. Importantly, physiological stimuli such as provided by environmental enrichment proved already sufficient to engender a rapid and significant induction of activin signaling concomitant with an upregulation of Pmepa1 and Kdm6b expression. Taken together, our study identified the first target genes of activin signaling in the brain. With the induction of Kdm6b expression, activin is likely to gain impact on a presumed epigenetic regulator of activity-dependent neuronal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S Link
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Svitlana Kurinna
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Steven Havlicek
- IZKF Junior Research Group and BMBF Research Group Neuroscience, IZKF, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstr. 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Present address: Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, 60 Biopolis Street, 138672, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sandra Lehnert
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Reichel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Beate Winner
- IZKF Junior Research Group and BMBF Research Group Neuroscience, IZKF, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstr. 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Huth
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fang Zheng
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Werner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Alzheimer
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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Kurinna S, Schäfer M, Ostano P, Karouzakis E, Chiorino G, Bloch W, Bachmann A, Gay S, Garrod D, Lefort K, Dotto GP, Beer HD, Werner S. A novel Nrf2-miR-29-desmocollin-2 axis regulates desmosome function in keratinocytes. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5099. [PMID: 25283360 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Nrf2 transcription factor controls the expression of genes involved in the antioxidant defense system. Here, we identified Nrf2 as a novel regulator of desmosomes in the epidermis through the regulation of microRNAs. On Nrf2 activation, expression of miR-29a and miR-29b increases in cultured human keratinocytes and in mouse epidermis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation identified the Mir29ab1 and Mir29b2c genes as direct Nrf2 targets in keratinocytes. While binding of Nrf2 to the Mir29ab1 gene activates expression of miR-29a and -b, the Mir29b2c gene is silenced by DNA methylation. We identified desmocollin-2 (Dsc2) as a major target of Nrf2-induced miR-29s. This is functionally important, since Nrf2 activation in keratinocytes of transgenic mice causes structural alterations of epidermal desmosomes. Furthermore, the overexpression of miR-29a/b or knockdown of Dsc2 impairs the formation of hyper-adhesive desmosomes in keratinocytes, whereas Dsc2 overexpression has the opposite effect. These results demonstrate that a novel Nrf2-miR-29-Dsc2 axis controls desmosome function and cutaneous homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Kurinna
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Schäfer
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paola Ostano
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, 13900 Biella, Italy
| | - Emmanuel Karouzakis
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, 13900 Biella, Italy
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Bachmann
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Steffen Gay
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Garrod
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Karine Lefort
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Gian-Paolo Dotto
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Dietmar Beer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Werner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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7
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Köhler UA, Kurinna S, Schwitter D, Marti A, Schäfer M, Hellerbrand C, Speicher T, Werner S. Activated Nrf2 impairs liver regeneration in mice by activation of genes involved in cell-cycle control and apoptosis. Hepatology 2014; 60:670-8. [PMID: 24310875 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2, like 2 (Nrf2) transcription factor is a key regulator of the antioxidant defense system, and pharmacological activation of Nrf2 is a promising strategy for prevention of toxin-induced liver damage. However, the consequences of Nrf2 activation on liver regeneration (LR) have not been determined. To address this question, we generated mice expressing a constitutively active Nrf2 (caNrf2) mutant in hepatocytes. Expression of the transgene did not affect liver homeostasis. Surprisingly, however, there was no beneficial effect of Nrf2 activation on CCl4 -induced liver injury and fibrosis. Most important, LR after partial hepatectomy was impaired in caNrf2-transgenic mice as a result of delayed hepatocyte proliferation and enhanced apoptosis of these cells after liver injury. Mechanistically, this involved up-regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p15 and the proapoptotic protein Bcl2l11 (Bim). Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we show that the p15 and Bcl2l11 genes are direct targets of Nrf2, which are activated under hyperproliferative conditions in the liver. CONCLUSION Activated Nrf2 delays proliferation and induces apoptosis of hepatocytes in the regenerating liver. These negative effects of Nrf2 activation on LR should be considered when Nrf2-activating compounds are used for prevention of liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike A Köhler
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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8
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Schäfer M, Willrodt AH, Kurinna S, Link AS, Farwanah H, Geusau A, Gruber F, Sorg O, Huebner AJ, Roop DR, Sandhoff K, Saurat JH, Tschachler E, Schneider MR, Langbein L, Bloch W, Beer HD, Werner S. Activation of Nrf2 in keratinocytes causes chloracne (MADISH)-like skin disease in mice. EMBO Mol Med 2014; 6:442-57. [PMID: 24503019 PMCID: PMC3992072 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201303281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Nrf2 is a key regulator of the cellular stress response, and pharmacological Nrf2 activation is a promising strategy for skin protection and cancer prevention. We show here that prolonged Nrf2 activation in keratinocytes causes sebaceous gland enlargement and seborrhea in mice due to upregulation of the growth factor epigen, which we identified as a novel Nrf2 target. This was accompanied by thickening and hyperkeratosis of hair follicle infundibula. These abnormalities caused dilatation of infundibula, hair loss, and cyst development upon aging. Upregulation of epigen, secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor (Slpi), and small proline-rich protein 2d (Sprr2d) in hair follicles was identified as the likely cause of infundibular acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, and cyst formation. These alterations were highly reminiscent to the phenotype of chloracne/“metabolizing acquired dioxin-induced skin hamartomas” (MADISH) patients. Indeed, SLPI, SPRR2, and epigen were strongly expressed in cysts of MADISH patients and upregulated by dioxin in human keratinocytes in an NRF2-dependent manner. These results identify novel Nrf2 activities in the pilosebaceous unit and point to a role of NRF2 in MADISH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schäfer
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
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Kurinna S, Stratton SA, Coban Z, Schumacher JM, Grompe M, Duncan AW, Barton MC. p53 regulates a mitotic transcription program and determines ploidy in normal mouse liver. Hepatology 2013; 57:2004-13. [PMID: 23300120 PMCID: PMC3632650 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Functions of p53 during mitosis reportedly include prevention of polyploidy and transmission of aberrant chromosomes. However, whether p53 plays these roles during genomic surveillance in vivo and, if so, whether this is done via direct or indirect means remain unknown. The ability of normal, mature hepatocytes to respond to stimuli, reenter the cell cycle, and regenerate liver mass offers an ideal setting to assess mitosis in vivo. In quiescent liver, normally high ploidy levels in adult mice increased with loss of p53. Following partial hepatectomy, p53(-/-) hepatocytes exhibited early entry into the cell cycle and prolonged proliferation with an increased number of polyploid mitoses. Ploidy levels increased during regeneration of both wild-type (WT) and p53(-/-) hepatocytes, but only WT hepatocytes were able to dynamically resolve ploidy levels and return to normal by the end of regeneration. We identified multiple cell cycle and mitotic regulators, including Foxm1, Aurka, Lats2, Plk2, and Plk4, as directly regulated by chromatin interactions of p53 in vivo. Over a time course of regeneration, direct and indirect regulation of expression by p53 is mediated in a gene-specific manner. CONCLUSION Our results show that p53 plays a role in mitotic fidelity and ploidy resolution in hepatocytes of normal and regenerative liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Kurinna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Sabrina A. Stratton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Zeynep Coban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,Center for Cancer Epigenetics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,Graduate program in Genes and Development, University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Jill M. Schumacher
- Center for Cancer Epigenetics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,Department of Genetics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,Graduate program in Genes and Development, University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Markus Grompe
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239 USA
| | - Andrew W. Duncan
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239 USA,Department of Pathology, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Michelle Craig Barton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,Center for Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,Center for Cancer Epigenetics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,Graduate program in Genes and Development, University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX
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10
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Bochkis IM, Schug J, Ye DZ, Kurinna S, Stratton SA, Barton MC, Kaestner KH. Genome-wide location analysis reveals distinct transcriptional circuitry by paralogous regulators Foxa1 and Foxa2. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002770. [PMID: 22737085 PMCID: PMC3380847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene duplication is a powerful driver of evolution. Newly duplicated genes acquire new roles that are relevant to fitness, or they will be lost over time. A potential path to functional relevance is mutation of the coding sequence leading to the acquisition of novel biochemical properties, as analyzed here for the highly homologous paralogs Foxa1 and Foxa2 transcriptional regulators. We determine by genome-wide location analysis (ChIP-Seq) that, although Foxa1 and Foxa2 share a large fraction of binding sites in the liver, each protein also occupies distinct regulatory elements in vivo. Foxa1-only sites are enriched for p53 binding sites and are frequently found near genes important to cell cycle regulation, while Foxa2-restricted sites show only a limited match to the forkhead consensus and are found in genes involved in steroid and lipid metabolism. Thus, Foxa1 and Foxa2, while redundant during development, have evolved divergent roles in the adult liver, ensuring the maintenance of both genes during evolution. The duplication of a gene from a common ancestor, resulting in two copies known as paralogs, plays an important role in evolution. Newly duplicated genes must acquire new functions in order to remain relevant, otherwise they are lost via mutation over time. We have performed genome-wide location analysis (ChIP–Seq) in adult liver to examine the differences between two paralogous DNA binding proteins, Foxa1 and Foxa2. While Foxa1 and Foxa2 bind a number of common genomic locations, each protein also localizes to distinct regulatory regions. Sites specific for Foxa1 also contain a DNA motif bound by tumor suppressor p53 and are found near genes important to cell cycle regulation, while Foxa2-only sites are found near genes essential to steroid and lipid metabolism. Hence, Foxa1 and Foxa2 have developed unique functions in adult liver, contributing to the maintenance of both genes during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina M. Bochkis
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Schug
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Diana Z. Ye
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Svitlana Kurinna
- Center for Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sabrina A. Stratton
- Center for Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michelle C. Barton
- Center for Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Klaus H. Kaestner
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Kurinna S, Stratton SA, Tsai WW, Akdemir KC, Gu W, Singh P, Goode T, Darlington GJ, Barton MC. Direct activation of forkhead box O3 by tumor suppressors p53 and p73 is disrupted during liver regeneration in mice. Hepatology 2010; 52:1023-32. [PMID: 20564353 PMCID: PMC3741038 DOI: 10.1002/hep.23746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The p53 family of proteins regulates the expression of target genes that promote cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, which may be linked to cellular growth control as well as tumor suppression. Within the p53 family, p53 and the transactivating p73 isoform (TA-p73) have hepatic-specific functions in development and tumor suppression. Here, we determined TA-p73 interactions with chromatin in the adult mouse liver and found forkhead box O3 (Foxo3) to be one of 158 gene targets. Global profiling of hepatic gene expression in the regenerating liver versus the quiescent liver revealed specific, functional categories of genes regulated over the time of regeneration. Foxo3 is the most responsive gene among transcription factors with altered expression during regenerative cellular proliferation. p53 and TA-p73 bind a Foxo3 p53 response element (p53RE) and maintain active expression in the quiescent liver. During regeneration of the liver, the binding of p53 and TA-p73, the recruitment of acetyltransferase p300, and the active chromatin structure of Foxo3 are disrupted along with a loss of Foxo3 expression. In agreement with the loss of Foxo3 transcriptional activation, a decrease in histone activation marks (dimethylated histone H3 at lysine 4, acetylated histone H3 at lysine 14, and acetylated H4) at the Foxo3 p53RE was detected after partial hepatectomy in mice. These parameters of Foxo3 regulation are reestablished with the completion of liver growth and regeneration and support a temporary suspension of p53 and TA-p73 regulatory functions in normal cells during tissue regeneration. p53-dependent and TA-p73-dependent activation of Foxo3 was also observed in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and in mouse hepatoma cells overexpressing p53, TA-p73alpha, and TA-p73beta isoforms. CONCLUSION p53 and p73 directly bind and activate the expression of the Foxo3 gene in the adult mouse liver and murine cell lines. p53, TA-p73, and p300 binding and Foxo3 expression decrease during liver regeneration, and this suggests a critical growth control mechanism mediated by these transcription factors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Kurinna
- Graduate program in Genes and Development, University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Developmental Biology
| | - Sabrina A. Stratton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Developmental Biology
| | - Wen-Wei Tsai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Developmental Biology
| | - Kadir C. Akdemir
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Pallavi Singh
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Triona Goode
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Michelle Craig Barton
- Graduate program in Genes and Development, University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Developmental Biology
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12
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Kurinna S, Barton MC. Cascades of transcription regulation during liver regeneration. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2010; 43:189-97. [PMID: 20307684 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2010.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2009] [Revised: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
An increasing demand for new strategies in cancer prevention and regenerative medicine requires a better understanding of molecular mechanisms that control cell proliferation in tissue-specific manner. Regenerating liver is a unique model allowing use of biochemical, genetic, and engineering tools to uncover molecular mechanisms and improve treatment of hepatic cancers, liver failure, and fibrotic disease. Molecular mechanisms of liver regeneration involve extra- and intracellular factors to activate transcription of genes normally silenced in quiescent liver. While many upstream signaling pathways of the regenerating liver have been extensively studied, our knowledge of the downstream effectors, transcription factors (TFs), remains limited. This review describes consecutive engagement of pre-existing and de novo synthesized TFs, as cascades that regulate expression of growth-related and metabolic genes during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice. Several previously recognized regulators of regenerating liver are described in the light of recently identified co-activator and co-repressor complexes that interact with primary DNA-binding TFs. Published results of gene expression and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses, as well as studies of transgenic mouse models, are used to emphasize new potential regulators of transcription during liver regeneration. Finally, a more detailed description of newly identified transcriptional regulators of liver regeneration illustrates the tightly regulated balance of proliferative and metabolic responses to partial hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Kurinna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UT-Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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13
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Nica AF, Tsao CC, Watt JC, Jiffar T, Kurinna S, Jurasz P, Konopleva M, Andreeff M, Radomski MW, Ruvolo PP. Ceramide promotes apoptosis in chronic myelogenous leukemia-derived K562 cells by a mechanism involving caspase-8 and JNK. Cell Cycle 2008; 7:3362-70. [PMID: 18948750 DOI: 10.4161/cc.7.21.6894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceramide is a sphingolipid that activates stress kinases such as p38 and c-JUN N-Terminal Kinase (JNK). Though Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) derived K562 cells resist killing by short chain C2-ceramide, we report here that longer chain C6-ceramide promotes apoptosis in these cells. C6-ceramide induces cleavage of Caspase-8 and Caspase-9, but only Caspase-8 is required for apoptosis. The sphingolipid killed CML derived KBM5 cells and, to a lesser extent, imatinib-resistant KBM5-STI cells suggesting that BCR-ABL can not completely block C6-ceramide-induced apoptosis but the kinase may regulate the process. BCR-ABL is known to suppress Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in CML cells. While C6-ceramide can activate PP2A in acute leukemia cells, the sphingolipid did not activate the phosphatase in K562 cells. C6-ceramide did not activate p38 kinase but did promote JNK activation and phosphorylation of JUN. Inhibition of JNK by pharmacological agent protected K562 cells from C6-ceramide suggesting that JNK plays an essential role in C6-ceramide mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, the sphingolipid promoted MCL-1 phosphorylation by a mechanism that, at least in part, involves JNK. The findings presented here suggest that Caspase-8, JNK, and perhaps MCL-1 may play important roles in regulating cell death and may represent new targets for therapeutic strategies for CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Felicia Nica
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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14
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Samudio I, Kurinna S, Ruvolo P, Korchin B, Kantarjian H, Beran M, Dunner K, Kondo S, Andreeff M, Konopleva M. Inhibition of mitochondrial metabolism by methyl-2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-diene-28-oate induces apoptotic or autophagic cell death in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:1130-9. [PMID: 18483301 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-07-0553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The initial success of the first synthetic bcr-abl kinase inhibitor imatinib has been dampened by the emergence of imatinib-resistant disease in blast crisis chronic myeloid leukemia. Here, we report that the novel triterpenoid methyl-2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-diene-28-oate (CDDO-Me) potently induced cytotoxicity in imatinib-resistant KBM5 cells expressing the T315I mutation of bcr-abl (24-h EC50, 540 nmol/L). In long-term culture, CDDO-Me abrogated the growth of human parental KBM5 and KBM5-STI cells with 96-h IC50 of 205 and 221 nmol/L, respectively. In addition, CDDO-Me rapidly decreased the viability of murine lymphoid Ba/F3 cells expressing wild-type p210 as well as the imatinib-resistant E255K and T315I mutations of bcr-abl. The low-dose effects of CDDO-Me are associated with inhibition of mitochondrial oxygen consumption, whereas the cytotoxic effects appear to be mediated by a rapid and selective depletion of mitochondrial glutathione that accompanies the increased generation of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction. Interestingly, the mitochondriotoxic effects of CDDO-Me are followed by the rapid autophagocytosis of intracellular organelles or the externalization of phosphatidylserine in different cell types. We conclude that alterations in mitochondrial function by CDDO-Me can result in autophagy or apoptosis of chronic myeloid leukemia cells regardless of the mutational status of bcr-abl. CDDO-Me is in clinical trials and shows signs of clinical activity, with minimal side effects and complete lack of cardiotoxicity. Studies in leukemias are in preparation.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis
- Autophagy
- Benzamides
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Oleanolic Acid/analogs & derivatives
- Oleanolic Acid/pharmacology
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Oxygen/metabolism
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Samudio
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Kurinna S, Konopleva M, Palla SL, Chen W, Kornblau S, Contractor R, Deng X, May WS, Andreeff M, Ruvolo PP. Bcl2 phosphorylation and active PKC α are associated with poor survival in AML. Leukemia 2006; 20:1316-9. [PMID: 16642043 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Jiffar T, Kurinna S, Suck G, Carlson-Bremer D, Ricciardi MR, Konopleva M, Andreeff M, Ruvolo PP. PKC α mediates chemoresistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia through effects on Bcl2 phosphorylation. Leukemia 2004; 18:505-12. [PMID: 14737078 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of protein kinase C alpha (PKC alpha) promotes Bcl2 phosphorylation and chemoresistance in human acute leukemia cells. The contribution of non-Bcl2 mechanisms in this process is currently unknown. In this report, overexpression of PKC alpha was found not to affect cell proliferation, cell cycle, or activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. The failure of PKC alpha overexpression to activate non-Bcl2 survival pathways suggested that PKC alpha-mediated chemoresistance requires Bcl2. Supporting this notion, REH/PKC alpha transfectants were found to be as sensitive to HA14-1 (a drug that targets Bcl2 function) as parental cells. In addition, HA14-1 abrogated PKC alpha's ability to protect REH cells from etoposide. These findings suggested that Bcl2 is necessary for the protective function of PKC alpha in REH cells. Since Bcl2 phosphorylation status is negatively regulated by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and PP2A regulates PKC alpha, we investigated whether PKC alpha can conversely regulate PP2A. Overexpression of PKC alpha was found to suppress mitochondrial PP2A activity by a mechanism that, at least in part, involves suppressed expression of the regulatory subunit comprising the Bcl2 phosphatase (ie the PP2A/B56 alpha subunit). The ability of PKC alpha to target both Bcl2 and the Bcl2 phosphatase represents a novel mechanism for chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jiffar
- Division of Cell Signaling, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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