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Sarkar J, Aoki H, Wu R, Aoki M, Hylemon P, Zhou H, Takabe K. Conjugated Bile Acids Accelerate Progression of Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis via S1PR2 Signaling in Cholestasis. Ann Surg Oncol 2023; 30:1630-1641. [PMID: 36396870 PMCID: PMC9911402 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-12806-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PC) has an extremely high mortality rate, where obstructive jaundice due to cholestasis is a classic symptom. Conjugated bile acids (CBAs) such as taurocholic acid (TCA) have been reported to activate both the ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathways via S1P receptor 2 (S1PR2) and promote growth of cholangiocarcinoma. Thus, we hypothesize that CBAs, which accumulate in cholestasis, accelerate PC progression via S1PR2. METHODS Murine Panc02-luc and human AsPC-1, MIA PaCa2, and BxPC-3 cells were treated with TCA, S1PR2 agonist CYM5520, S1PR2 antagonist JTE-013, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), and functional S1P receptor antagonist (except S1PR2) FTY720. Bile duct ligation (BDL) was performed on liver implantation or intraperitoneal injection of Panc02-luc cells. RESULTS Panc02-luc and AsPC-1 cells predominantly expressed S1PR2, and their growth and migration were stimulated by TCA or CYM5520 in dose-dependent manner, which was blocked by JTE-013. This finding was not seen in PC cell lines expressing other S1P receptors than S1PR2. Panc02-luc growth stimulation by S1P was not blocked by FTY720. BDL significantly increased PC liver metastasis compared with sham. PC peritoneal carcinomatosis was significantly worsened by BDL, confirmed by number of nodules, tumor weight, bioluminescence, Ki-67 stain, ascites, and worse survival compared with sham. CYM5520 significantly worsened PC carcinomatosis, whereas treatment with anti-S1P antibody or FTY720 also worsened progression. CONCLUSIONS CBAs accelerated growth of S1PR2 predominant PC both in vitro and in vivo. This finding implicates S1PR2 as a potential therapeutic target in metastatic S1PR2 predominant pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Sarkar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Hiroaki Aoki
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rongrong Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Masayo Aoki
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Phillip Hylemon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and, McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Huiping Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and, McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacob School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
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2
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McGowan EM, Lin Y, Chen S. Targeting Chronic Inflammation of the Digestive System in Cancer Prevention: Modulators of the Bioactive Sphingolipid Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030535. [PMID: 35158806 PMCID: PMC8833440 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers is increasing, and late-stage diagnosis makes these cancers difficult to treat. Chronic and low-grade inflammation are recognized risks for most GI cancers. The GI mucosal immune system maintains healthy homeostasis and signalling molecules made from saturated fats, bioactive sphingolipids, play essential roles in healthy GI immunity. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive sphingolipid, is a key mediator in a balanced GI immune response. Disruption in the S1P pathway underlies systemic chronic metabolic inflammatory disorders, including diabetes and GI cancers, providing a strong rationale for using modulators of the S1P pathway to treat pathological inflammation. Here, we discuss the effects of bioactive sphingolipids in immune homeostasis with a focus on S1P in chronic low-grade inflammation associated with increased risk of GI carcinogenesis. Contemporary information on S1P signalling involvement in cancers of the digestive system, from top to bottom, is reviewed. Further, we discuss the use of novel S1P receptor modulators currently in clinical trials and their potential as first-line drugs in the clinic for chronic inflammatory diseases. Recently, ozanimod (ZeposiaTM) and etrasimod have been approved for clinical use to treat ulcerative colitis and eosinophilic oesophagitis, respectively, which may have longer term benefits in reducing risk of GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen M. McGowan
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Y.L.); (S.C.)
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Esophageal Cancer Precise Therapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-614-0581-4048
| | - Yiguang Lin
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Y.L.); (S.C.)
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Esophageal Cancer Precise Therapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Size Chen
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Y.L.); (S.C.)
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Esophageal Cancer Precise Therapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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3
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Helal M, Yan C, Gong Z. Stimulation of hepatocarcinogenesis by activated cholangiocytes via Il17a/f1 pathway in kras transgenic zebrafish model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1372. [PMID: 33446803 PMCID: PMC7809472 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80621-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been well known that tumor progression is dependent on secreted factors not only from tumor cells but also from other surrounding non-tumor cells. In the current study, we investigated the role of cholangiocytes during hepatocarcinogenesis following induction of oncogenic krasV12 expression in hepatocytes using an inducible transgenic zebrafish model. Upon induction of carcinogenesis in hepatocytes, a progressive cell proliferation in cholangiocytes was observed. The proliferative response in cholangiocytes was induced by enhanced lipogenesis and bile acids secretion from hepatocytes through activation of Sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor 2 (S1pr2), a known cholangiocyte receptor involving in cholangiocyte proliferation. Enhancement and inhibition of S1pr2 could accelerate or inhibit cholangiocyte proliferation and hepatocarcinogenesis respectively. Gene expression analysis of hepatocytes and cholangiocytes showed that cholangiocytes stimulated carcinogenesis in hepatocytes via an inflammatory cytokine, Il17a/f1, which activated its receptor (Il17ra1a) on hepatocytes and enhanced hepatocarcinogenesis via an ERK dependent pathway. Thus, the enhancing effect of cholangiocytes on hepatocarcinogenesis is likely via an inflammatory loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Helal
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.419615.e0000 0004 0404 7762Marine Pollution Lab, Marine Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Chuan Yan
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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4
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Labib PL, Goodchild G, Pereira SP. Molecular Pathogenesis of Cholangiocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:185. [PMID: 30819129 PMCID: PMC6394015 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5391-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinomas are a heterogeneous group of malignancies arising from a number of cells of origin along the biliary tree. Although most cases in Western countries are sporadic, large population-based studies have identified a number of risk factors. This review summarises the evidence behind reported risk factors and current understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma, with a focus on inflammation and cholestasis as the driving forces in cholangiocarcinoma development. RISK FACTORS FOR CHOLANGIOCARCINOGENESIS Cholestatic liver diseases (e.g. primary sclerosing cholangitis and fibropolycystic liver diseases), liver cirrhosis, and biliary stone disease all increase the risk of cholangiocarcinoma. Certain bacterial, viral or parasitic infections such as hepatitis B and C and liver flukes also increase cholangiocarcinoma risk. Other risk factors include inflammatory disorders (such as inflammatory bowel disease and chronic pancreatitis), toxins (e.g. alcohol and tobacco), metabolic conditions (diabetes, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) and a number of genetic disorders. MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS OF CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA Regardless of aetiology, most risk factors cause chronic inflammation or cholestasis. Chronic inflammation leads to increased exposure of cholangiocytes to the inflammatory mediators interleukin-6, Tumour Necrosis Factor-ɑ, Cyclo-oxygenase-2 and Wnt, resulting in progressive mutations in tumour suppressor genes, proto-oncogenes and DNA mismatch-repair genes. Accumulating bile acids from cholestasis lead to reduced pH, increased apoptosis and activation of ERK1/2, Akt and NF-κB pathways that encourage cell proliferation, migration and survival. Other mediators upregulated in cholangiocarcinoma include Transforming Growth Factor-β, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Hepatocyte Growth Factor and several microRNAs. Increased expression of the cell surface receptor c-Met, the glucose transporter GLUT-1 and the sodium iodide symporter lead to tumour growth, angiogenesis and cell migration. Stromal changes are also observed, resulting in alterations to the extracellular matrix composition and recruitment of fibroblasts and macrophages that create a microenvironment promoting cell survival, invasion and metastasis. CONCLUSION Regardless of aetiology, most risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma cause chronic inflammation and/or cholestasis, leading to the activation of common intracellular pathways that result in reactive cell proliferation, genetic/epigenetic mutations and cholangiocarcinogenesis. An understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma is vital when developing new diagnostic biomarkers and targeted therapies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L. Labib
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London (Royal Free Hospital Campus), Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG UK
| | - George Goodchild
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London (Royal Free Hospital Campus), Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG UK
| | - Stephen P. Pereira
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London (Royal Free Hospital Campus), Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG UK
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5
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Bile Acid-Activated Receptors: GPBAR1 (TGR5) and Other G Protein-Coupled Receptors. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 256:19-49. [PMID: 31302759 DOI: 10.1007/164_2019_230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The BA-responsive GPCRs S1PR2 and TGR5 are almost ubiquitously expressed in human and rodent tissues. In the liver, S1PR2 is expressed in all cell types, while TGR5 is predominately found in non-parenchymal cells. In contrast to S1PR2, which is mainly activated by conjugated bile acids (BAs), all BAs serve as ligands for TGR5 irrespective of their conjugation state and substitution pattern.Mice with targeted deletion of either S1PR2 or TGR5 are viable and develop no overt phenotype. In liver injury models, S1PR2 exerts pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic effects and thus aggravates liver damage, while TGR5 mediates anti-inflammatory, anti-cholestatic, and anti-fibrotic effects. Thus, inhibitors of S1PR2 signaling and agonists for TGR5 have been employed to attenuate liver injury in rodent models for cholestasis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and fibrosis/cirrhosis.In biliary epithelial cells, both receptors activate a similar signaling cascade resulting in ERK1/2 phosphorylation and cell proliferation. Overexpression of both S1PR2 and TGR5 was found in human cholangiocarcinoma tissue as well as in CCA cell lines, where stimulation of both GPCRs resulted in transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor and triggered cell proliferation as well as increased cell migration and invasiveness.This chapter will focus on the function of S1PR2 and TGR5 in different liver cell types and summarizes current knowledge on the role of these receptors in liver disease models.
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6
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Song WS, Park HM, Ha JM, Shin SG, Park HG, Kim J, Zhang T, Ahn DH, Kim SM, Yang YH, Jeong JH, Theberge AB, Kim BG, Lee JK, Kim YG. Discovery of glycocholic acid and taurochenodeoxycholic acid as phenotypic biomarkers in cholangiocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11088. [PMID: 30038332 PMCID: PMC6056462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several biomarkers can be used to distinguish cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) from healthy controls, differentiating the disease from benign biliary disease (BBD) or pancreatic cancer (PC) is a challenge. CCA biomarkers are associated with low specificity or have not been validated in relation to the biological effects of CCA. In this study, we quantitatively analyzed 15 biliary bile acids in CCA (n = 30), BBD (n = 57) and PC (n = 17) patients and discovered glycocholic acid (GCA) and taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) as specific CCA biomarkers. Firstly, we showed that the average concentration of total biliary bile acids in CCA patients was quantitatively less than in other patient groups. In addition, the average composition ratio of primary bile acids and conjugated bile acids in CCA patients was the highest in all patient groups. The average composition ratio of GCA (35.6%) in CCA patients was significantly higher than in other patient groups. Conversely, the average composition ratio of TCDCA (13.8%) in CCA patients was significantly lower in all patient groups. To verify the biological effects of GCA and TCDCA, we analyzed the gene expression of bile acid receptors associated with the development of CCA in a CCA cell line. The gene expression of transmembrane G protein coupled receptor (TGR5) and sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) in CCA cells treated with GCA was 8.6-fold and 3.4-fold higher compared with control (untreated with bile acids), respectively. Gene expression of TGR5 and S1PR2 in TCDCA-treated cells was not significantly different from the control. Taken together, our study identified GCA and TCDCA as phenotype-specific biomarkers for CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Suk Song
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Hae-Min Park
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
| | - Jung Min Ha
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 0635, Korea
| | - Sung Gyu Shin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Korea
| | - Han-Gyu Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Korea
| | - Joonwon Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Tianzi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States
| | - Da-Hee Ahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Korea
| | - Sung-Min Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Korea
| | - Ashleigh B Theberge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States
| | - Byung-Gee Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jong Kyun Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 0635, Korea.
| | - Yun-Gon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Korea.
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7
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Yue C, Yang M, Tian Q, Mo F, Peng J, Ma Y, Huang Y, Wang D, Wang Y, Hu Z. IGFBP7 is associated to prognosis and could suppress cell survival in cholangiocarcinoma. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:817-825. [PMID: 29991293 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1470524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Manyi Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology, Xiangya hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qinggang Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Baotou Eighth Hospital, Baotou, China
| | - Fongming Mo
- National Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology, Xiangya hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology, Xiangya hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yanning Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology, Xiangya hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dongcui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology, Xiangya hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Neuroscience Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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8
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Chen MH, Yen CC, Cheng CT, Wu RC, Huang SC, Yu CS, Chung YH, Liu CY, Chang PMH, Chao Y, Chen MH, Chen YF, Chiang KC, Yeh TS, Chen TC, Huang CYF, Yeh CN. Identification of SPHK1 as a therapeutic target and marker of poor prognosis in cholangiocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:23594-608. [PMID: 26090720 PMCID: PMC4695139 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is characterized by a uniquely aggressive behavior and lack of effective targeted therapies. After analyzing the gene expression profiles of seven paired intrahepatic CCA microarrays, a novel sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1)/sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) pathway and a novel target gene, SPHK1, were identified. We hypothesized that therapeutic targeting of this pathway can be used to kill intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells. High levels of SPHK1 protein expression, which was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining of samples from 96 patients with intrahepatic CCA, correlated with poor overall survival. The SPHK1 inhibitor SK1-I demonstrated potent antiproliferative activity in vitro and in vivo. SK1-I modulated the balance of ceramide-sphinogosine-S1P and induced CCA apoptosis. Furthermore, SK1-I combined with JTE013, an antagonist of the predominant S1P receptor S1PR2, inhibited the AKT and ERK signaling pathways in CCA cells. Our preclinical data suggest SPHK1/S1P pathway targeting may be an effective treatment option for patients with CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Huang Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chueh-Chuan Yen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tung Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Chin Wu
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chiang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Shan Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiu Chung
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peter Mu-Hsin Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yee Chao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Han Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fen Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Chun Chiang
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu Chi Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ying F Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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9
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Banales JM, Cardinale V, Carpino G, Marzioni M, Andersen JB, Invernizzi P, Lind GE, Folseraas T, Forbes SJ, Fouassier L, Geier A, Calvisi DF, Mertens JC, Trauner M, Benedetti A, Maroni L, Vaquero J, Macias RIR, Raggi C, Perugorria MJ, Gaudio E, Boberg KM, Marin JJG, Alvaro D. Expert consensus document: Cholangiocarcinoma: current knowledge and future perspectives consensus statement from the European Network for the Study of Cholangiocarcinoma (ENS-CCA). Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 13:261-80. [PMID: 27095655 DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2016.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 864] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a heterogeneous group of malignancies with features of biliary tract differentiation. CCA is the second most common primary liver tumour and the incidence is increasing worldwide. CCA has high mortality owing to its aggressiveness, late diagnosis and refractory nature. In May 2015, the "European Network for the Study of Cholangiocarcinoma" (ENS-CCA: www.enscca.org or www.cholangiocarcinoma.eu) was created to promote and boost international research collaboration on the study of CCA at basic, translational and clinical level. In this Consensus Statement, we aim to provide valuable information on classifications, pathological features, risk factors, cells of origin, genetic and epigenetic modifications and current therapies available for this cancer. Moreover, future directions on basic and clinical investigations and plans for the ENS-CCA are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus M Banales
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute - Donostia University Hospital, Ikerbasque, CIBERehd, Paseo del Dr. Begiristain s/n, E-20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 37, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Carpino
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro De Bosis 6, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Marzioni
- Department of Clinic and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jesper B Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy
- Program for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, International Center for Digestive Health, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Guro E Lind
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, 0310, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Folseraas
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Pb. 4950 Nydalen, N-0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, EH16 4SB, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Fouassier
- INSERM UMR S938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75571, Paris cedex 12, Fondation ARC, 9 rue Guy Môquet 94803 Villejuif, France
| | - Andreas Geier
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstrasse 6, D-97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Diego F Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Löffler-Strasse 23e, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Joachim C Mertens
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonio Benedetti
- Department of Clinic and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luca Maroni
- Department of Clinic and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Javier Vaquero
- INSERM UMR S938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75571, Paris cedex 12, Fondation ARC, 9 rue Guy Môquet 94803 Villejuif, France
| | - Rocio I R Macias
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E.I.D. S-09, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, CIBERehd, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Chiara Raggi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria J Perugorria
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute - Donostia University Hospital, Ikerbasque, CIBERehd, Paseo del Dr. Begiristain s/n, E-20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Alfonso Borelli 50, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Kirsten M Boberg
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Pb. 4950 Nydalen, N-0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jose J G Marin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E.I.D. S-09, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, CIBERehd, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 37, 00185, Rome, Italy
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Jones H, Alpini G, Francis H. Bile acid signaling and biliary functions. Acta Pharm Sin B 2015; 5:123-8. [PMID: 26579437 PMCID: PMC4629225 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on various components of bile acid signaling in relation to cholangiocytes. Their roles as targets for potential therapies for cholangiopathies are also explored. While many factors are involved in these complex signaling pathways, this review emphasizes the roles of transmembrane G protein coupled receptor (TGR5), farnesoid X receptor (FXR), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and the bicarbonate umbrella. Following a general background on cholangiocytes and bile acids, we will expand the review and include sections that are most recently known (within 5-7 years) regarding the field of bile acid signaling and cholangiocyte function. These findings all demonstrate that bile acids influence biliary functions which can, in turn, regulate the cholangiocyte response during pathological events.
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Key Words
- ABCB4, ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B
- AE2, anion exchanger 2
- AKT, protein kinases B
- ASBT, apical sodium bile acid transporter
- BA, bile acid
- BASIC, bile acid sensitive ion channel
- Bile acids
- COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2
- CYP27, sterol-27-hydroxylase
- CYP7A1, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase
- Ca2+, intracellular calcium
- Cholangiocytes
- Cl−/HCO3−, chloride bicarbonate exchanger
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- ERK, extracellular regulated protein kinases
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- FXR, farnesoid X receptor
- HGF, hepatocyte growth factor
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- OST, organic solute transporter
- PBC, primary biliary cirrhosis
- PC-1, polycystin-1
- PM, plasma membrane
- PSC, primary sclerosing cholangitis
- Receptors
- S1P, sphingosine-1-phosphate
- S1PR2, sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2
- SR, secretin receptor
- Signaling
- TCA, taurocholic acid
- TGR5, transmembrane G protein coupled receptor
- UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Jones
- Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX 76504, USA
- Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
- Department of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Heather Francis
- Division Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX 76504, USA
- Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
- Department of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Temple, TX 76504, USA
- Corresponding author at: Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX 76504, USA. Tel.: +1 254 7431048; fax: +1 254 7430378, +1 254 7430555.
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