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Bhebhe L, Anderson M, Souda S, Choga WT, Zumbika E, Shaver ZM, Mbangiwa T, Phinius BB, Banda CC, Melamu P, Musonda RM, Essex M, Blackard JT, Moyo S, Gaseitsiwe S. Molecular characterization of hepatitis C virus in liver disease patients in Botswana: a retrospective cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:875. [PMID: 31640596 PMCID: PMC6805647 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4514-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease globally. Direct acting antivirals (DAAs) have proven effective in curing HCV. However, the current standard of care (SOC) in Botswana remains PEGylated interferon-α (IFN-α) with ribavirin. Several mutations have been reported to confer resistance to interferon-based treatments. Therefore, there is a need to determine HCV genotypes in Botswana, as these data will guide new treatment guidelines and understanding of HCV epidemiology in Botswana. Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional pilot study utilizing plasma obtained from 55 participants from Princess Marina Hospital in Gaborone, Botswana. The partial core region of HCV was amplified, and genotypes were determined using phylogenetic analysis. Results Four genotype 5a and two genotype 4v sequences were identified. Two significant mutations – K10Q and R70Q – were observed in genotype 5a sequences and have been associated with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while R70Q confers resistance to interferon-based treatments. Conclusion Genotypes 5a and 4v are circulating in Botswana. The presence of mutations in genotype 5 suggests that some patients may not respond to IFN-based regimens. The information obtained in this study, in addition to the World health organization (WHO) recommendations, can be utilized by policy makers to implement DAAs as the new SOC for HCV treatment in Botswana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynnette Bhebhe
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Research Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana.,Department of Applied Biology and Biochemistry, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | - Motswedi Anderson
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Research Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Sajini Souda
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Wonderful T Choga
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Research Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana.,Department of Applied Biology and Biochemistry, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | - Edward Zumbika
- Department of Applied Biology and Biochemistry, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | - Zachary M Shaver
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Research Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Tshepiso Mbangiwa
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Research Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Bonolo B Phinius
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Research Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Chabeni C Banda
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Research Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Pinkie Melamu
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Research Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Rosemary M Musonda
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Research Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Max Essex
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Research Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason T Blackard
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sikhulile Moyo
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Research Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simani Gaseitsiwe
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Research Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana. .,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Kishida Y, Imaizumi N, Tanimura H, Kashiwamura S, Kashiwagi T. A Protease Inhibitor with Induction Therapy with Natural Interferon-β in Patients with HCV Genotype 1b Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:350. [PMID: 27005617 PMCID: PMC4813211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The restoration of innate immune responses has potential as a novel therapeutic strategy for chronic hepatitis C (CHC). We compared the efficacy and safety of induction therapy (IT) with natural interferon-β (n-IFN-β) followed by pegylated-IFN-α/ribavirin (PR) alone (group A, n = 30) and IT with a protease inhibitor (PI) (simeprevir or vaniprevir)/PR (group B, n = 13) in CHC patients with genotype 1b and high viral loads. During IT with nIFN-β, virologic response rates in group A and group B were 10% and 8% (p = 0.6792) at week 4, 30% and 16% (p = 0.6989) at week 12 and 47% and 20% (p = 0.0887) at week 24 respectively. During and after the treatment with PR alone or PI/PR, virologic response rates in groups A and B were 50% and 82% (p = 0.01535) at week 4, 53% and 91% (p = 0.006745) at week 8, 57% and 91% (p = 0.001126) at week 12, 57% and 100% (p < 0.001845) at the end of the treatment and 57% and 80% (p < 0.005166) after treatment cessation. IT with PI/PR linked to the restoration of innate immune response was tolerated well, overcame virological breakthrough, enhanced early virologic responses, and resulted in a sustained virologic response in difficult-to-treat CHC patients. IT with PI/PR is beneficial for treating difficult-to-treat CHC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Kishida
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Kaisei Hospital, Osaka City, Osaka 532-0003, Japan.
| | - Naohiko Imaizumi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Kaisei Hospital, Osaka City, Osaka 532-0003, Japan.
| | - Hirohisa Tanimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Kaisei Hospital, Osaka City, Osaka 532-0003, Japan.
| | - Shinichiro Kashiwamura
- Laboratory of Host Defenses Institute for Advanced Medical Science, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya City, Hyogo 668-8501, Japan.
| | - Toru Kashiwagi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Hospital of Japan Community Healthcare Organization, Osaka city, Osaka 553-0003, Japan.
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Prabdial-Sing N, Blackard J, Puren A, Mahomed A, Abuelhassan W, Mahlangu J, Vermeulen M, Bowyer S. Naturally occurring resistance mutations within the core and NS5B regions in hepatitis C genotypes, particularly genotype 5a, in South Africa. Antiviral Res 2016; 127:90-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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