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Lee Y, Cheng SM, Hwang DY, Chiu YL, Chou YH. Polycythemia Secondary to Renal Hemangioblastoma: A Case Report and Literature Review. Int J Surg Pathol 2024; 32:140-144. [PMID: 37150964 DOI: 10.1177/10668969231171133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Secondary polycythemia is a paraneoplastic syndrome observed in tumors with excessive erythropoietin (EPO) production. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and cerebellar hemangioblastoma are the 2 most well-known tumors to induce secondary polycythemia. Hemangioblastomas occurring in the kidney are rare. In this work we present a case of renal hemangioblastoma that caused erythrocytosis in a 19-year-old man. We demonstrated intratumoural EPO production by immunohistochemistry, and conducted whole-exome sequencing to evaluate possible genetic alterations that reported to induce tumor-related polycythemia. In spite of an indolent clinical behavior, renal hemangioblastoma is difficult to differentiate from RCC not only clinically, but also histopathologically. Given that RCC is the most well-known renal tumor to induce erythrocytosis, the uncommon manifestation of polycythemia in renal hemangioblastoma, as shown in our case, can cause further diagnostic challenges. Renal hemangioblastoma should be listed in the differential diagnoses of renal tumors presenting with erythrocytosis, apart from the most common RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Taipei City Hospital Heping Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Siao-Muk Cheng
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Daw-Yang Hwang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Yuan-Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hung Chou
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
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Li Q, Zhang J, Xiao S, Hu M, Cheng J, Yao C, Zhuang Q. The impact of liver fibrosis on the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma via a hypoxia-immune-integrated prognostic model. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 125:111136. [PMID: 37935090 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The impact of liver fibrosis on the deterioration of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains controversial. We hope to explore this issue through establishing a fibrosis-hypoxia-glycolysis-immune related prognostic model. Liver fibrosis-related genes from Molecular Signatures Database were used to evaluate the degree of fibrosis in HCC patients from the TCGA database. The patients were divided into two groups using the fibrosis-related expression matrix based on the algorithm uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) and evaluated for fibrosis by UMAP cluster and gene enrichment analysis. Prognostic model was constructed by differential analysis, LASSO, and multivariate regression analysis. Immune-infiltration analysis was performed by CIBERSORT. Quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry were performed to measure the gene expression levels in HCC patients from our hospital. In 365 HCC patients from the TCGA database, 111 HCC patients with high fibrosis score have a worse prognosis than those with low fibrosis based on 129 genes related to liver fibrosis, which may be caused by the interaction between fibrosis, angiogenesis, hypoxia, glycolysis, inflammatory response, and high immune infiltration. We constructed a Fibrosis-Hypoxia-Glycolysis-Immune Prognostic Model (FHGISig), which could significantly predict disease progression in HCC patients. Furthermore, we revealed a close correlation between FHGISig and immune cell infiltration level as well as immune checkpoints. Finally, PCR results found TFF3 mRNA was significantly lower in cirrhotic HCC patients compared with non-cirrhotic ones. Liver fibrosis is a poor-prognostic factor for HCC, and our FHGISig could significantly predict disease progression, which could also be a potential predictive marker for immunotherapy in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyuan Li
- Department of Hematology, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Junbo Zhang
- Transplantation Center, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Sheng Xiao
- Department of Pathology, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570105, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Department of Hematology, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Chenjiao Yao
- Department of General Medicine, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
| | - Quan Zhuang
- Transplantation Center, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
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Qiu C, Wu H, Shi W. Characterization of stem cell subtypes and prognostic signature in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:14081-14100. [PMID: 37548770 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSCs) were linked to cancer aggressiveness and poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS We integrated two external HCC cohorts to develop the stem cell subtypes according to unsupervised clustering with 26 stem cell gene sets. Between the subtypes, differences in prognosis, clinical characteristics, recognized HCC subtypes, metabolic profile, immune-related features, somatic mutation, and drug sensitivity were examined. The prognostic signature was created, and validated by numerous cohorts, and used to assess the efficacy of immunotherapy and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) treatment. The nomogram was developed based on the signature and clinical features. We further examined the function of KIF20A in HCC and proved that KIF20A had the potential to regulate the stemness of HCC cells through western blot. RESULTS Low stem cell patterns, a good prognosis, positive clinical features, specific molecular subtypes, low metastatic characteristics, and an abundance of metabolic and immunological aspects were associated with Cluster 1, whereas Cluster 2 was the reverse. Chemotherapy and immunotherapy were more effective in Cluster 1. Cluster 1 and CTNNB1 and ALB mutation were more closely. Additionally, the prognosis, immunotherapeutic, and TACE therapy responses were all worse in the high-risk group. The nomogram could predict the survival probability of HCC patients. KIF20A was discovered to be overexpressed in HCC and was revealed to be connected to the stemness of the HepG2 cell line. CONCLUSIONS Two stem cell subgroups with different prognoses, metabolic, and immunological characteristics in HCC patients were identified. We also created a 7-gene prognostic signature and a nomogram to estimate the survival probability. The function of KIF20A in HCC stemness was initially examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjie Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, China.
| | - Huili Wu
- Department of Endodontics, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, China
| | - Wenxiang Shi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Farag CM, Antar R, Akosman S, Ng M, Whalen MJ. What is hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, platelet (HALP) score? A comprehensive literature review of HALP's prognostic ability in different cancer types. Oncotarget 2023; 14:153-172. [PMID: 36848404 PMCID: PMC9970084 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its inception, the Hemoglobin, Albumin, Lymphocyte, Platelet Score (HALP) has gained attention as a new prognostic biomarker to predict several clinical outcomes in a multitude of cancers. In our review, we searched PubMed for articles between the first paper on HALP in 2015 through September 2022, yielding 32 studies in total that evaluated HALP's association with various cancers, including Gastric, Colorectal, Bladder, Prostate, Kidney, Esophageal, Pharyngeal, Lung, Breast, and Cervical cancers, among others. This review highlights the collective association HALP has with demographic factors such as age and sex in addition to TNM staging, grade, and tumor size. Furthermore, this review summarizes HALP's prognostic ability to predict overall survival, progression-free survival, recurrence-free survival, among other outcomes. In some studies, HALP has also been able to predict response to immunotherapy and chemotherapy. This review article also aims to serve as a comprehensive and encyclopedic report on the literature that has evaluated HALP as a biomarker in various cancers, highlighting the heterogeneity surrounding HALP's utilization. Because HALP requires only a complete blood count and albumin - already routinely collected for cancer patients - HALP shows potential as a cost-effective biomarker to aid clinicians in improving outcomes for immuno-nutritionally deficient patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mark Farag
- Department of Urology, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Ryan Antar
- Department of Urology, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Sinan Akosman
- Department of Urology, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Matthew Ng
- Department of Surgery, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Michael J Whalen
- Department of Urology, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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Wang S, Gao S, Shan L, Qian X, Luan J, Lv X. Comprehensive genomic signature of pyroptosis-related genes and relevant characterization in hepatocellular carcinoma. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14691. [PMID: 36650832 PMCID: PMC9840857 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, the most predominant type of liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is also the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the global population. Pyroptosis is an emerging form of cell death that affects the prognosis of cancer patients by modulating tumor cell migration, proliferation and invasion. However, the evaluation of pyroptosis in the prognosis of HCC is still insufficient. Methods A total of 365 HCC patients from the TCGA-LIHC cohort were classified into two distinct subtypes using consensus clustering of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs). Following univariate Cox analysis of differentially expressed genes between subtypes, we established a prognostic model (PRGs-score, PRGS) by LASSO Cox analysis. We further tested the predictive power of the prognostic model in the ICGC (LIRI-JP) and GEO (GSE14520) cohorts. The tumor microenvironment (TME) was studied using the CIBERSORT. The enrichment scores for immune cells and immune functions in low- and high-PRGS groups were assessed using ssGSEA. The IMvigor210 cohort was used to investigate the immunotherapy efficacy. Furthermore, we validated the expression of prognostic genes in PRGS by RT-qPCR in vitro. Results The subtyping of HCC based on PRGs exhibited distinct clinical characteristics. We developed a prognostic model PRGS by differentially expressed genes between different subtypes. The results showed that PRGS could well forecast the survival of HCC patients in different cohorts and was associated with the immune microenvironment. Moreover, PRGS was considered to be an independent prognostic risk factor and superior to other pyroptosis-related signatures. Low-PRGS implied greater immune cell infiltration and better overall survival with immunotherapy. The results of RT-qPCR also showed that prognostic genes were significantly dysregulated in HCC. Conclusions PRGS has promising application in forecasting the prognosis of HCC patients, and its relationship with the immune microenvironment provides a basis for the subsequent treatment and research of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, China,The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Songsen Gao
- Department of Orthopedics (Spinal Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liang Shan
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xueyi Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Jiajie Luan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiongwen Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Ülger Y, Delik A. Paraneoplastic syndrome frequency and prognostic effect in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 34:769-773. [PMID: 34974464 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Symptomatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients may generally display constitutional symptoms such as abdominal pain, weight loss, anorexia and localized mass, or atypical clinical features of paraneoplastic syndrome (PNS) such as hypercholesterolemia, hypercalcemia, hypoglycemia, erythrocytosis and thrombocytosis. The most common PNS in HCC is hypercholesterolemia, hypercalcemia, hypoglycemia and erythrocytosis. The aim of this study isto evaluate the relationship of PNS in HCC patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD In this study, the data of 534 patients who were followed up with the diagnosis of HCC between January 2010 and December 2020 in the Gastroenterology clinic were evaluated retrospectively. Clinical data, age, gender, complete blood count of patients with and without PNS, liver biochemistry, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, hepatitis B surface antigen, anti-hepatitis B virus, Child-Pugh score, model for end-stage liver disease score, tumor volume, portal vein thrombosis, liver biopsy histology and radiologic images were taken from the hospital data system and analyzed. RESULTS Out of the 534 HCC patients, 120 (22.3%) were PNS-positive patients. There was a significant difference between the ages of PNS-positive and PNS-negative patients, and PNS-positive patients were older (64.60±12.97) (P=0.02). PNS-positive HCC was determined as hypoglycemia 5.8%, hypercalcemia 6.3%, erythrocytosis 3.9%, hypercholesterolemia 2.4% and thrombocytosis 3.9%. AFP level (22908 ± 60 ng/ml) and tumor diameter (>10 cm) were higher in the PNS-positive group. Multivariate analysis showed that stage C according to Child-Pugh score and tumor diameter >10 cm were independent predictors of poor prognosis, whereas PNS erythrocytosis and thrombocytosis were independent predictors of better prognosis. CONCLUSION In PNS-positive HCC patients, hypoglycemia and hypercalcemia were associated with poor prognosis according to Child-Pugh score, whereas erythrocytosis and thrombocytosis were associated with good prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakup Ülger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Prediction of Prognosis in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Molecular Subtypes of Immune Genes. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2022; 2022:2746156. [PMID: 35837663 PMCID: PMC9274231 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2746156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For those patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), it is really a heavy burden. Herein, the immune genes of HCC were analyzed in groups to determine prognostic biomarkers related to immune genes in HCC. The mRNA data, clinical data in TCGA-LIHC dataset, and immune gene in the ImmPort database were collected for the combining usage with
-means concordance clustering to cluster HCC patients according to the immune gene matrix. Based on ssGSEA analysis result, HCC patients were sorted into high- and low-immune subtypes, and survival curve presented that patients in high-immune subtypes had a better prognosis. Subsequently, differential expression analysis was performed to obtain immune-related differentially expressed genes (IRGs). Cox and lasso analyses were performed for obtaining five optimal immune genes related to prognosis, and a risk assessment model was then established. Patient samples in the training and validation sets were, respectively, divided into high- and low-risk groups.
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survival curves presented a better prognosis of patients in the low-risk group than in the high-risk group. The ROC curve indicated that this model was finely used for the prediction of prognosis. In addition, immune infiltration assessment revealed that NR0B1 and FGF9 had potential to impact the tumor immune microenvironment. Finally, using qRT-PCR and transwell assays, it was demonstrated that the macrophage chemotaxis was enhanced when NR0B1 and FGF9 were highly expressed in HCC cells. In general, a 5-gene prognostic risk assessment model was constructed based on immune genes and bioinformatics analysis methods, which provides some reference for the prognosis of HCC as well as immunotherapy.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and a significant proportion (20-40%) of patients with HCC develop paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS). Despite this, there is a paucity of clinical evidence regarding PNS in HCC. AREAS COVERED A systematic search was performed to identify relevant case studies regarding PNS in HCC. Another search was conducted to identify studies that evaluated the impact of PNS on survival outcomes in HCC. Since there are currently no international guidelines for PNS in HCC, this review aims to provide comprehensive summaries and recommendations of PNS in HCC, including the pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic approach, and management, so that clinicians remain guided in caring for HCC patients with PNS. In general, PNS are associated with poorer survival outcomes and negative prognostic markers of HCC. EXPERT OPINION The presence of PNS has a significant influence on survival rates and clinical outcomes of patients with HCC. They contribute to significant morbidity, influencing patients' quality of life and fitness for curative and palliative therapies. Therefore, it is paramount for PNS to be integrated into routine investigations after diagnosing HCC to guide further management and prognostication of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheong Wei Terence Huey
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vishalkumar Girishchandra Shelat
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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Li Z, Kwon SM, Li D, Li L, Peng X, Zhang J, Sueyoshi T, Raufman JP, Negishi M, Wang XW, Wang H. Human constitutive androstane receptor represses liver cancer development and hepatoma cell proliferation by inhibiting erythropoietin signaling. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101885. [PMID: 35367211 PMCID: PMC9052153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) is a nuclear receptor that plays a crucial role in regulating xenobiotic metabolism and detoxification, energy homeostasis, and cell proliferation by modulating the transcription of numerous target genes. CAR activation has been established as the mode of action by which phenobarbital-like nongenotoxic carcinogens promote liver tumor formation in rodents. This paradigm, however, appears to be unrelated to the function of human CAR (hCAR) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which remains poorly understood. Here, we show that hCAR expression is significantly lower in HCC than that in adjacent nontumor tissues and, importantly, reduced hCAR expression is associated with a worse HCC prognosis. We also show overexpression of hCAR in human hepatoma cells (HepG2 and Hep3B) profoundly suppressed cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, soft-agar colony formation, and the growth of xenografts in nude mice. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that the expression of erythropoietin (EPO), a pleiotropic growth factor, was markedly repressed by hCAR in hepatoma cells. Addition of recombinant EPO in HepG2 cells partially rescued hCAR-suppressed cell viability. Mechanistically, we showed that overexpressing hCAR repressed mitogenic EPO-EPO receptor signaling through dephosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, AKT, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Furthermore, we found that hCAR downregulates EPO expression by repressing the expression and activity of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha, a key transcription factor regulating EPO expression. Collectively, our results suggest that hCAR plays a tumor suppressive role in HCC development, which differs from that of rodent CAR and offers insight into the hCAR-hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha-EPO axis in human liver tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - So Mee Kwon
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, and Liver Cancer Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daochuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Linhao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiwei Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Junran Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Ohio, USA
| | - Tatsuya Sueyoshi
- Pharmacogenetics Section, Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Raufman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Office of Research and Development, Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development, VA Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Masahiko Negishi
- Pharmacogenetics Section, Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xin Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, and Liver Cancer Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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He Q, Liu M, Huang W, Chen X, Zhang B, Zhang T, Wang Y, Liu D, Xie M, Ji X, Sun M, Tian D, Xia L. IL-1β-Induced Elevation of Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 11 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis Through Up-regulating Programmed Death Ligand 1 and Colony-Stimulating Factor 1. Hepatology 2021; 74:3174-3193. [PMID: 34288020 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Because of a paucity of effective treatment options, metastasis is still a major cause for HCC-associated mortality. The molecular mechanism of inflammation-induced HCC metastasis is open for study. Here, we characterized the function of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) in inflammation-related HCC metastasis and probed therapy strategies for this subpopulation of patients. APPROACH AND RESULTS Elevated expression of SLC7A11 was positively correlated with poor tumor differentiation, and higher tumor-nodule-metastasis stage, and indicated poor prognosis in human HCC. SLC7A11 increased HIF1α expression through reducing α-ketoglutarate (αKG) level by exporting glutamate. SLC7A11 up-regulated programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) expression through αKG-HIF1α cascade. SLC7A11 overexpression in HCC cells promoted intratumoral tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) and myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) infiltration through the CSF1/colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) axis, whereas knockdown of CSF1 attenuated SLC7A11-mediated intratumoral TAM and MDSC infiltration and HCC metastasis. Depletion of either TAMs or MDSCs decreased SLC7A11-mediated HCC metastasis. Furthermore, the combination of CSF1R inhibitor BZL945 and anti-PD-L1 antibody blocked SLC7A11-induced HCC metastasis. In addition, IL-1β up-regulated SLC7A11 expression through the interleukin-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase/specificity protein 1 pathway. SLC7A11 knockdown impaired IL-1β-promoted HCC metastasis. Anakinra, an IL-1R1 antagonist, reversed IL-1β-promoted HCC metastasis. In human HCC tissues, SLC7A11 expression was positively associated with HIF1α, PD-L1, and CSF1 expression and intratumoral TAM and MDSC infiltration. CONCLUSIONS IL-1β-induced SLC7A11 overexpression up-regulated PD-L1 and CSF1 through the αKG/HIF1α axis, which promoted TAM and MDSC infiltration. Interruption of this oncogenic loop may provide a promising therapy strategy for the inhibition of SLC7A11-mediated HCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Tongyue Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Danfei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengyu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dean Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Limin Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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11
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Wei X, Zhao L, Ren R, Ji F, Xue S, Zhang J, Liu Z, Ma Z, Wang XW, Wong L, Liu N, Shi J, Guo X, Roessler S, Zheng X, Ji J. MiR-125b Loss Activated HIF1α/pAKT Loop, Leading to Transarterial Chemoembolization Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Hepatology 2021; 73:1381-1398. [PMID: 32609900 PMCID: PMC9258000 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a standard locoregional therapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with a variable overall response in efficacy. We aimed to identify key molecular signatures and related pathways leading to HCC resistance to TACE, with the hope of developing effective approaches in preselecting patients with survival benefit from TACE. APPROACH AND RESULTS Four independent HCC cohorts with 680 patients were used. MicroRNA (miRNA) transcriptome analysis in patients with HCC revealed a 41-miRNA signature related to HCC recurrence after adjuvant TACE, and miR-125b was the top reduced miRNA in patients with HCC recurrence. Consistently, patients with HCC with low miR-125b expression in tumor had significantly shorter time to recurrence following adjuvant TACE in two independent cohorts. Loss of miR-125b in HCC noticeably activated the hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha subunit (HIF1α)/pAKT loop in vitro and in vivo. miR-125b directly attenuated HIF1α translation through binding to HIF1A internal ribosome entry site region and targeting YB-1, and blocked an autocrine HIF1α/platelet-derived growth factor β (PDGFβ)/pAKT/HIF1α loop of HIF1α translation by targeting the PDGFβ receptor. The miR-125b-loss/HIF1α axis induced the expression of CD24 and erythropoietin (EPO) and enriched a TACE-resistant CD24-positive cancer stem cell population. Consistently, patients with high CD24 or EPO in HCC had poor prognosis following adjuvant TACE therapy. Additionally, in patients with HCC having TACE as their first-line therapy, high EPO in blood before TACE was also noticeably related to poor response to TACE. CONCLUSIONS MiR-125b loss activated the HIF1α/pAKT loop, contributing to HCC resistance to TACE and the key nodes in this axis hold the potential in assisting patients with HCC to choose TACE therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyang Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Cancer Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ruizhe Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fubo Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuting Xue
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianjuan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaogang Liu
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Cancer Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhao Ma
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Cancer Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin W. Wang
- Liver Cancer Program and Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Cancer for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Linda Wong
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Niya Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiong Shi
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Stephanie Roessler
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Junfang Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Ouyang R, Li Z, Peng P, Zhang J, Liu J, Qin M, Huang J. Exploration of the relationship between tumor mutation burden and immune infiltrates in colon adenocarcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:685-694. [PMID: 33437203 PMCID: PMC7797534 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.51918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Tumor mutation burden (TMB) was correlated with the immunotherapeutic response in various malignancies. We aimed to evaluate the TMB immune signature in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). Methods: Gene expression profile, mutation and clinical data of COAD patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The samples were divided into high and low TMB level groups to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional enrichments analyzes were performed to identify the biological functions of the DEGs. Then, immune cell infiltration signatures were calculated by the CIBERSORT algorithm. Finally, Cox proportional hazard model was constructed to estimate the prognostic value of the identified immune-related genes. Results: Gene set enrichment analysis in the high-TMB level group showed that DEGS were enriched in immune-related pathways, such as antigen processing and presentation, Toll-like receptor signaling and natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. A higher infiltration level of CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, activated NK cells , M1 Macrophages and T follicular helper cells was observed in the high-TMB level group. Furthermore, a Cox regression model combined with survival analysis based on the expression level of four identified prognostic genes was constructed, validated anf revealed that higher risk-score levels conferred poor survival outcomes in COAD patients. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that the high TMB levels are associated with an immune signature in COAD and deepen the molecular understanding of TMB function in tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ouyang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Zhongzhuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Peng Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jinxiu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Mengbin Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiean Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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13
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Riou R, Ladli M, Gerbal-Chaloin S, Bossard P, Gougelet A, Godard C, Loesch R, Lagoutte I, Lager F, Calderaro J, Dos Santos A, Wang Z, Verdier F, Colnot S. ARID1A loss in adult hepatocytes activates β-catenin-mediated erythropoietin transcription. eLife 2020; 9:53550. [PMID: 33084574 PMCID: PMC7641585 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a key regulator of erythropoiesis. The embryonic liver is the main site of erythropoietin synthesis, after which the kidney takes over. The adult liver retains the ability to express EPO, and we discovered here new players of this transcription, distinct from the classical hypoxia-inducible factor pathway. In mice, genetically invalidated in hepatocytes for the chromatin remodeler Arid1a, and for Apc, the major silencer of Wnt pathway, chromatin was more accessible and histone marks turned into active ones at the Epo downstream enhancer. Activating β-catenin signaling increased binding of Tcf4/β-catenin complex and upregulated its enhancer function. The loss of Arid1a together with β-catenin signaling, resulted in cell-autonomous EPO transcription in mouse and human hepatocytes. In mice with Apc-Arid1a gene invalidations in single hepatocytes, Epo de novo synthesis led to its secretion, to splenic erythropoiesis and to dramatic erythrocytosis. Thus, we identified new hepatic EPO regulation mechanism stimulating erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozenn Riou
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC), Paris, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,INSERM, CNRS, Institut COCHIN, Paris, France
| | | | - Sabine Gerbal-Chaloin
- INSERM U1183, Université Montpellier, Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Biotherapy (IRMB), Montpellier, France
| | - Pascale Bossard
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,INSERM, CNRS, Institut COCHIN, Paris, France
| | - Angélique Gougelet
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC), Paris, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,INSERM, CNRS, Institut COCHIN, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Godard
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC), Paris, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,INSERM, CNRS, Institut COCHIN, Paris, France
| | - Robin Loesch
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC), Paris, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,INSERM, CNRS, Institut COCHIN, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Lagoutte
- INSERM, CNRS, Institut COCHIN, Paris, France.,Plateforme d'Imageries du Vivant de l'Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Franck Lager
- INSERM, CNRS, Institut COCHIN, Paris, France.,Plateforme d'Imageries du Vivant de l'Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Julien Calderaro
- INSERM, Université Paris-Est UPEC, Créteil, France.,Department of Pathology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Alexandre Dos Santos
- INSERM, Paul-Brousse University Hospital, Hepatobiliary Centre, Villejuif, France
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | | | - Sabine Colnot
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC), Paris, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,INSERM, CNRS, Institut COCHIN, Paris, France
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14
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Miao Y, Wang W, Dong Y, Hu J, Wei K, Yang S, Lai X, Tang H. Hypoxia induces tumor cell growth and angiogenesis in non-small cell lung carcinoma via the Akt-PDK1-HIF1α-YKL-40 pathway. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:2904-2918. [PMID: 35117647 PMCID: PMC8799056 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2020.03.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As one of the most common forms of cancer, non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), is characterized by oxygen deprivation (hypoxia). The transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α is a major mediator which responds hypoxia and regulates many contributing factors. The various modes of hypoxia regulation are frequently the focus of research studies. With reference to previous published research, we hypothesized that hypoxia promotes the growth and angiogenesis of NSCLC via the Akt-PDK1-HIF1α-YKL-40 pathway, and verified it. METHODS We mainly investigated changes in related factor expression between differently treated CL1-5 cells. We carried out overexpression and underexpression transfection, Western blot, rt-PCR and ELISA, and observed cellular biological behaviors by CCK-8 migration and invasion assay, and tube formation assay. RESULTS A hypoxic environment significantly increased the phosphorylation of Akt and PDK1 in mitochondria. The hypoxia-induced accumulation of p-Akt in mitochondria activated PDK1 phosphorylation, promoted the expression of HIF1α, and the expression of YKL-40. The overexpression of YKL-40 promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion and tubule formation of CL1-5 cells. CONCLUSIONS A hypoxic tumor microenvironment can promote the expansion and angiogenesis of NSCLC cells through the Akt-PDK1-HIF1α-YKL-40 pathway. This may provide a new mechanism and potential interventional target for anti-vascular lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Miao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Yaping Dong
- The Graduate School of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Jiaxun Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Kunchen Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Xueli Lai
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
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15
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Erythropoietin and its derivatives: from tissue protection to immune regulation. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:79. [PMID: 32015330 PMCID: PMC6997384 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2276-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is an evolutionarily conserved hormone well documented for its erythropoietic role via binding the homodimeric EPO receptor (EPOR)2. In past decades, evidence has proved that EPO acts far beyond erythropoiesis. By binding the tissue-protective receptor (TPR), EPO suppresses proinflammatory cytokines, protects cells from apoptosis and promotes wound healing. Very recently, new data revealed that TPR is widely expressed on a variety of immune cells, and EPO could directly modulate their activation, differentiation and function. Notably, nonerythropoietic EPO derivatives, which mimic the structure of helix B within EPO, specifically bind TPR and show great potency in tissue protection and immune regulation. These small peptides prevent the cardiovascular side effects of EPO and are promising as clinical drugs. This review briefly introduces the receptors and tissue-protective effects of EPO and its derivatives and highlights their immunomodulatory functions and application prospects.
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16
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Chen S, Cao Q, Wen W, Wang H. Targeted therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: Challenges and opportunities. Cancer Lett 2019; 460:1-9. [PMID: 31207320 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.114428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, which ranks as the sixth of cancer-related death. Despite the emergence of targeted therapy, advanced-stage HCC remains largely incurable due to low response rate and therapeutic resistance. In this review, we mainly focused on the current progression of multi-kinase inhibitors and immunotherapies in the treatment of HCC. We highlight the mechanism underlying the ineffectiveness of these targeted therapies, including oncogenic alterations in driver genes and downstream pathways, high heterogeneity of HCC, and the mutual interaction of tumor microenvironment that promotes therapeutic resistance. We also discussed how these previous studies suggested for future therapeutic strategies. Besides, the complexity of HCC heterogeneity and cancer revolution need to be recognized in personalized therapy. Establishment of a drug screening system and identification of biomarkers of response is also in urgent need to overcome drug resistance. Meanwhile, a combination of targeted therapies could also be explored as a promising strategy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Chen
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Qiqi Cao
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Wen Wen
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 201805, China.
| | - Hongyang Wang
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 201805, China.
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17
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Mello T, Simeone I, Galli A. Mito-Nuclear Communication in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metabolic Rewiring. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050417. [PMID: 31060333 PMCID: PMC6562577 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As the main metabolic and detoxification organ, the liver constantly adapts its activity to fulfill the energy requirements of the whole body. Despite the remarkable adaptive capacity of the liver, prolonged exposure to noxious stimuli such as alcohol, viruses and metabolic disorders results in the development of chronic liver disease that can progress to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is currently the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Metabolic rewiring is a common feature of cancers, including HCC. Altered mito-nuclear communication is emerging as a driving force in the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells, affecting all aspects of cancer biology from neoplastic transformation to acquired drug resistance. Here, we explore relevant aspects (and discuss recent findings) of mito-nuclear crosstalk in the metabolic reprogramming of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Mello
- Clinical Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Biomedical Clinical and Experimental Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, V.le Pieraccini 6, Florence 50129, Italy.
| | - Irene Simeone
- Clinical Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Biomedical Clinical and Experimental Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, V.le Pieraccini 6, Florence 50129, Italy.
- University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Andrea Galli
- Clinical Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Biomedical Clinical and Experimental Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, V.le Pieraccini 6, Florence 50129, Italy.
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18
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Abstract
Mitochondria are essential intracellular organelles that are responsible for energy metabolism, cell growth, and differentiation, redox homeostasis, oncogenic signaling, and apoptosis. These multifunctional organelles have been implicated in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis, relapse, and acquired drug resistance due to metabolic alterations in transformed cells. Maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is thought to contribute to cancer development and prognosis and proposed as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of mtDNA alterations, with a specific focus on somatic changes, germline variants, haplogroups, large deletions, and mtDNA content changes associated with cancer susceptibility and prognosis. We also discuss the potential of mtDNA as biomarkers of cancer detection and targets of cancer treatment. Deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying these associations requires further investigation.
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19
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Leppänen J, Helminen O, Huhta H, Kauppila JH, Isohookana J, Haapasaari KM, Parkkila S, Saarnio J, Lehenkari PP, Karttunen TJ. Weak HIF-1alpha expression indicates poor prognosis in resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2018; 16:127. [PMID: 29973215 PMCID: PMC6033289 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-018-1432-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIF-1alpha and CAIX proteins are commonly expressed under hypoxic conditions, but other regulatory factors have been described as well. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by hypoxia and strong stromal reaction and has a dismal prognosis with the currently available treatment modalities. METHODS We investigated the expression and prognostic role of HIF-1alpha and CAIX in PDAC series from Northern Finland (n = 69) using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In our PDAC cases, 95 and 85% showed HIF-1alpha and CAIX expression, respectively. Low HIF-1alpha expression correlated with poor prognosis, and multivariate analysis identified weak HIF-1alpha intensity as an independent prognostic factor for PDAC-specific deaths (HR 2.176, 95% CI 1.216-3.893; p = 0.009). There was no correlation between HIF-1alpha and CAIX expression levels, and the latter did not relate with survival. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are in contrast with previous research by finding an association between low HIF-1alpha and poor prognosis. The biological mechanisms remain speculative, but such an unexpected relation with prognosis and absence of correlation between HIF-1alpha and CAIX suggests that the prognostic association of HIF-1alpha may not directly be linked with hypoxia. Accordingly, the role of HIF-1alpha might be more complex than previously thought and the use of this marker as a hypoxia-related prognostic factor should be addressed with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joni Leppänen
- 0000 0001 0941 4873grid.10858.34Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- 0000 0001 0941 4873grid.10858.34Department of Pathology, University of Oulu, PO-Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Olli Helminen
- 0000 0001 0941 4873grid.10858.34Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Heikki Huhta
- 0000 0001 0941 4873grid.10858.34Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Joonas H. Kauppila
- 0000 0001 0941 4873grid.10858.34Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joel Isohookana
- 0000 0001 0941 4873grid.10858.34Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Kirsi-Maria Haapasaari
- 0000 0001 0941 4873grid.10858.34Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- 0000 0001 2314 6254grid.5509.9School of Medicine, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland
- 0000 0004 0628 2985grid.412330.7Fimlab Ltd, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Juha Saarnio
- 0000 0001 0941 4873grid.10858.34Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Petri P. Lehenkari
- 0000 0001 0941 4873grid.10858.34Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuomo J. Karttunen
- 0000 0001 0941 4873grid.10858.34Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, 90014 Oulu, Finland
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20
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Lv D, Guo L, Zhang T, Huang L. PRAS40 signaling in tumor. Oncotarget 2017; 8:69076-69085. [PMID: 28978182 PMCID: PMC5620322 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The proline-rich Akt substrate of 40 kDa (PRAS40) is a substrate of Akt and a component of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Locating at the crossroad of the PI3K/Akt pathway and the mTOR pathway, PRAS40 is phosphorylated by growth factors or other stimuli, and regulates the activation of these signaling pathways in turn. PRAS40 plays an important role in metabolic disorders and multiple cancers, and the phosphorylation of PRAS40 is often associated with the tumor progression of melanoma, prostate cancer, etc. PRAS40 promotes tumorigenesis by deregulating cellular proliferation, apoptosis, senescence, metastasis, etc. Herein, we provide an overview on current understandings of PRAS40 signaling in the tumor formation and progression, which suggests that PRAS40 or phospho-PRAS40 could become a novel biomarker and therapeutic target in tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lv
- Department of Pathophysiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Lianying Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
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