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He Y, Ding M, Zhang J, Huang C, Shi J, Wang Y, Tao R, Wu Z, Guo W. Astaxanthin Alleviates Autoimmune Hepatitis by Modulating CD8 + T Cells: Insights From Mass Cytometry and Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Analyses. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2403148. [PMID: 38874408 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (ASX) is an oxygen-containing non-vitamin A carotenoid pigment. However, the role of ASX in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) remains unclear. In this study, a mouse model of AIH is established induced by concanavalin A (ConA). Mass cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) are used to analyze the potential role of ASX in regulating the immune microenvironment of AIH. ASX treatment effectively alleviated liver damage induced by ConA and downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines production in mice. Mass cytometry and scRNA-seq analyses revealed a significant increase in the number of CD8+ T cells following ASX treatment. Functional markers of CD8+ T cells, such as CD69, MHC II, and PD-1, are significantly downregulated. Additionally, specific CD8+ T cell subclusters (subclusters 4, 13, 24, and 27) are identified, each displaying distinct changes in marker gene expression after ASX treatment. This finding suggests a modulation of CD8+ T cell function by ASX. Finally, the key transcription factors for four subclusters of CD8+ T cells are predicted and constructed a cell-to-cell communication network based on receptor-ligand interactions probability. In conclusion, ASX holds the potential to ameliorate liver damage by regulating the number and function of CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting He
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Mingjie Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jiakai Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Changjun Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jihua Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Ruolin Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zeyu Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Wenzhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
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Yan Y, Dai T, Guo M, Zhao X, Chen C, Zhou Y, Qin M, Xu L, Zhao J. A review of non-classical MAPK family member, MAPK4: A pivotal player in cancer development and therapeutic intervention. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132686. [PMID: 38801852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) are serine/threonine protein kinases that play a crucial role in transmitting extracellular signals to the intracellular environment, influencing a wide range of cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, metabolic activities, immune function and stress response. MAPK4, a non-classical MAPK, is frequently overexpressed in various malignancies, including prostate, breast, cervix, thyroid, and gliomas. It orchestrates cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis via the AKT/mTOR and/or PDK1 signaling pathways, thus facilitating tumor cell growth. Furthermore, MAPK4 expression is closely associated with the effectiveness of specific inhibitors like PI3K and PARP1, and also correlate with the survival rates of cancer patients. Increasing evidence highlights MAPK4's involvement in the tumor microenvironment, modulating immune response and inflammation-related diseases. This review comprehensively explores the structure, function, and oncogenic role of MAPK4, providing a deeper understanding of its activation and mechanisms of action in tumorigenesis, which might be helpful for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Yan
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Tengkun Dai
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi 563000, China; School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi 563000, China; School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Ya Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi 563000, China; Department of Medical physics, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Ming Qin
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi 563000, China.
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi 563000, China.
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Wang Y, Qiu H, Chen S, Li D, Zhao X, Guo M, Li N, Chen C, Qin M, Zhou Y, Xiao D, Zhao J, Xu L. MicroRNA-7 deficiency ameliorates d-galactose-induced aging in mice by regulating senescence of Kupffer cells. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14145. [PMID: 38494663 PMCID: PMC11166366 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is intricately linked to immune system dysfunction. Recent studies have highlighted the biological function of microRNA-7 (miR-7) as a novel regulator of immune cell function and related diseases. However, the potential role of miR-7 in aging remains unexplored. Here, we investigated the contribution of miR-7 to d-gal-induced aging in mice, focusing on its regulation of senescent Kupffer cells. Our findings revealed that miR-7 deficiency significantly ameliorated the aging process, characterized by enhanced CD4+ T-cell activation. However, the adoptive transfer of miR-7-deficient CD4+T cells failed to improve the age-related phenotype. Further analysis showed that miR-7 deficiency significantly reduced IL-1β production in liver tissue, and inhibiting IL-1β in vivo slowed down the aging process in mice. Notably, IL-1β is mainly produced by senescent Kupffer cells in the liver tissue of aging mice, and miR-7 expression was significantly up-regulated in these cells. Mechanistically, KLF4, a target of miR-7, was down-regulated in senescent Kupffer cells in aging mouse model. Furthermore, miR-7 deficiency also modulated the NF-κB activation and IL-1β production in senescent Kupffer cells through KLF4. In conclusion, our findings unveil the role of miR-7 in d-gal-induced aging in mice, highlighting its regulation of KLF4/NF-κB/IL-1β pathways in senescent Kupffer cells. This research may enhance our understanding of miRNA-based aging immune cells and offer new avenues for new intervention strategies in aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Hui Qiu
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Shipeng Chen
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Xu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
- School of MedicineGuizhou UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Nana Li
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Ming Qin
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Ya Zhou
- Department of Medical PhysicsZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | | | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
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Chen J, Yang J, Liu Y, Zhao X, Zhao J, Tang L, Guo M, Zhou Y, Chen C, Li D, Wen Z, Liang G, Xu L. MAPK4 facilitates angiogenesis by inhibiting the ERK pathway in non-small cell lung cancer. CANCER INNOVATION 2024; 3:e117. [PMID: 38947754 PMCID: PMC11212285 DOI: 10.1002/cai2.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Background Angiogenesis plays an important role in the occurrence and development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The atypical mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 (MAPK4) has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases. However, the potential role of MAPK4 in the tumor angiogenesis of NSCLC remains unclear. Methods Adult male C57BL/6 wild-type mice were randomly divided into the control group and p-siMAPK4 intervention group, respectively. The cell proliferation was analyzed with flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. The vascular density in tumor mass was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. The expressions of MAPK4 and related signaling molecules were detected by western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining, and so on. Results We found that the expression of MAPK4, which was dominantly expressed in local endothelial cells (ECs), was correlated with tumor angiogenesis of NSCLC. Furthermore, MAPK4 silencing inhibited the proliferation and migration abilities of human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs). Global gene analysis showed that MAPK4 silencing altered the expression of multiple genes related to cell cycle and angiogenesis pathways, and that MAPK4 silencing increased transduction of the extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway but not Akt and c-Jun n-terminal kinase pathways. Further analysis showed that MAPK4 silencing inhibited the proliferation and migration abilities of HUVECs cultured in tumor cell supernatant, which was accompanied with increased transduction of the ERK1/2 pathway. Clinical data analysis suggested that the higher expression of MAPK4 and CD34 were associated with poor prognosis of patients with NSCLC. Targeted silencing of MAPK4 in ECs using small interfering RNA driven by the CD34 promoter effectively inhibited tumor angiogenesis and growth of NSCLC in vivo. Conclusion Our results reveal that MAPK4 plays an important role in the angiogenesis and development of NSCLC. MAPK4 may thus represent a new target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Jing Yang
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Yufang Liu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Xu Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Lin Tang
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Ya Zhou
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
- Department of Medical PhysicsZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Chao Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Dongmei Li
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Zhenke Wen
- Institute of BiomedicalSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Guiyou Liang
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Lin Xu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou ProvinceZunyiGuizhouChina
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
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Chen S, Wang H, Guo M, Zhao X, Yang J, Chen L, Zhao J, Chen C, Zhou Y, Xu L. Promoter A1312C mutation leads to microRNA-7 downregulation in human non-small cell lung cancer. Cell Signal 2024; 117:111095. [PMID: 38346527 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNA-7 (miRNA-7, miR-7) is a unique class of tumor suppressors, plays an important role in various physiological and pathological processes including human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In previous works, we revealed that miR-7 could regulate the growth and metastasis of human NSCLC cells. However, the mechanism of dysregulated miR-7 expression in NSCLC remains to be further elucidated. In this study, based on clinical sample analysis, we found that the downregulated expression of miR-7 was dominantly attributed to the decreased level of pri-miR-7-2 in human NSCLC. Furthermore, there were four site mutations in the miR-7-2 promoter sequence. Notably, among these four sites, mutation at -1312 locus (A → C, termed as A1312C mutation) was dominate, and A1312C mutation further led to decreased expression of miR-7 in human NSCLC cells, accompanied with elevated transduction of NDUFA4/ERK/AKT signaling pathway. Mechanistically, homeobox A5 (HOXA5) is the key transcription factors regulating miR-7 expression in NSCLC. A1312C mutation impairs HOXA5 binding, thereby reducing the transcriptional activity of miR-7-2 promoter, resulting in downregulation of miR-7 expression. Together, these data may provide new insights into the dysregulation of specific miRNA expression in NSCLC and ultimately prove to be helpful in the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies against NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Longqing Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China.
| | - Ya Zhou
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; Department of Medical Physics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China.
| | - Lin Xu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
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Xiang X, Li Q, Wan J, Chen C, Guo M, He Z, Wang D, Zhao X, Xu L. The role of amino acid metabolism in autoimmune hepatitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116452. [PMID: 38503235 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an inflammatory chronic liver disease with persistent and recurrent immune-mediated liver injury. The exact cause of AIH is still not fully understood, but it is believed to be primarily due to an abnormal activation of the immune system, leading to autoimmune injury caused by the breakdown of autoimmune tolerance. Although the pathogenesis of AIH remains unclear, recent studies have shown that abnormalities in amino acid metabolism play significant roles in its development. These abnormalities in amino acid metabolism can lead to remodeling of metabolic processes, activation of signaling pathways, and immune responses, which may present new opportunities for clinical intervention in AIH. In this paper, we first briefly outline the recent progress of clinically relevant research on AIH, focusing on the role of specific amino acid metabolism (including glutamine, cysteine, tryptophan, branched-chain amino acids, etc.) and their associated metabolites, as well as related pathways, in the development of AIH. Furthermore, we discuss the scientific issues that remain to be resolved regarding amino acid metabolism, AIH development and related clinical interventions, with the aim of contributing to the future development of amino acid metabolism-based as a new target for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Xiang
- Nanshan Class, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; Guizhou Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Qihong Li
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jiajia Wan
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Zhixu He
- Innovation Center for Tissue Damage Repair, Ministry of Education, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Donghong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
| | - Xu Zhao
- Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Lin Xu
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy, Zunyi 563000, China; Innovation Center for Tissue Damage Repair, Ministry of Education, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
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Zhao J, Guo M, Yan Y, Wang Y, Zhao X, Yang J, Chen J, Chen C, Tang L, Zeng W, Liu Y, Qin M, Zhou Y, Xu L. The miR-7/EGFR axis controls the epithelial cell immunomodulation and regeneration and orchestrates the pathology in inflammatory bowel disease. J Adv Res 2024; 57:119-134. [PMID: 37094666 PMCID: PMC10918346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The epithelial immunomodulation and regeneration are intrinsic critical events against inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). MiR-7 is well documented as a promising regulator in the development of various diseases including inflammatory diseases. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the effect of miR-7 in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in IBD. METHODS MiR-7def mice were given dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce enteritis model. The infiltration of inflammatory cells was measured by FCM and immunofluorescence assay. 5'deletion assay and EMSA assays were performed to study the regulatory mechanism of miR-7 expression in IECs. The inflammatory signals and the targets of miR-7 were analyzed by RNA-seq and FISH assay. IECs were isolated from miR-7def, miR-7oe and WT mice to identify the immunomodulation and regeneration capacity. IEC-specific miR-7 silencing expression vector was designed and administered by the tail vein into murine DSS-induced enteritis model to evaluate the pathological lesions of IBD. RESULTS We found miR-7 deficiency improved the pathological lesions of DSS-induced murine enteritis model, accompanied by elevated proliferation and enhanced transduction of NF-κB/AKT/ERK signals in colonic IECs, as well as decreased local infiltration of inflammatory cells. MiR-7 was dominantly upregulated in colonic IECs in colitis. Moreover, the transcription of pre-miR-7a-1, orchestrated by transcription factor C/EBPα, was a main resource of mature miR-7 in IECs. As for the mechanism, EGFR, a miR-7 target gene, was downregulated in colonic IECs in colitis model and Crohn's disease patients. Furthermore, miR-7 also controlled the proliferation and inflammatory-cytokine secretion of IECs in response to inflammatory-signals through EGFR/NF-κB/AKT/ERK pathway. Finally, IEC-specific miR-7 silencing promoted the proliferation and transduction of NF-κB pathway in IECs and alleviated the pathological damage of colitis. CONCLUSION Our results present the unknown role of miR-7/EGFR axis in IEC immunomodulation and regeneration in IBD and might provide clues for the application of miRNA-based therapeutic strategies in colonic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Zhao
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yaping Yan
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Wenhuan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yiting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Ming Qin
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Ya Zhou
- Department of Medical Physics, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou, Zunyi 563000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
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8
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Chang X, Zhao J, Zhou Y, Guo M, Yan Y, Wang Y, Zhao X, Yang J, Chen C, Tang L, Qin M, Xu L. MiR-7 deficiency promotes Th1 polarization of CD4 +T cells and enhances the antitumor effect in adoptive cell therapy for lung cancer. Immunol Res 2024; 72:134-146. [PMID: 37755574 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive-cell-therapy (ACT) is important therapeutic approach against cancer. We previously showed that miR-7 deficiency endowed CD4+T cells with hyperactivation status in liver injury. However, whether CD4+T cells with miR-7 deficiency could elicit antitumor effect in ACT is still unclear. Naïve CD4+CD62Lhi T cells were purified from CD45.2 WT or CD45.2 miR-7def mice and transferred into syngeneic CD45.1WT mice bearing with lung tumor cells. The infiltration and function of T cells were measured by FCM and immunofluorescence assay. And naïve CD4+CD62Lhi T cells were purified from CD45.2 WT or CD45.2 miR-7def mice, then the cells were activated with CD3 antibody plus CD28 antibody in vitro for 24 h. Then, the cultured supernatant of LLC tumor cells or cytokines IFN-γ and IL-12 was added to establish Th1 polarization. Under these conditions, Th1 polarization-related molecules in these cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Our data demonstrated a significant reduction in the growth and metastasis of lung cancer cells in the miR-7def CD4+T cell-transferred group, accompanied by a significant enhancement in the infiltration, proliferation, activation, and Th1 polarization of CD4+ T cells. Moreover, we observed the proliferation; activation of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells was significantly increased in the local tumor of the CD45.2 miR-7def CD4+ T cell-transferred group, compared to the CD45.2 WT CD4+ T cell-transferred group. It is noteworthy that MAPK4, a target molecule of miR-7, was upregulated in CD4+ T cells from lung tumor tissues, resulting in an altered transduction of phosphorylation of NF-κB as well as AKT and ERK in vivo and in vitro. miR-7 deficiency promoted Th1-polarization of CD4+ T cells and elicited effective antitumor immune responses in ACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Chang
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.
| | - Ya Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
- Department of Medical physics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Yaping Yan
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Ming Qin
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.
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9
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Li R, Yang L, Li S, Chen S, Ren Y, Shen L, Dong L, Chen X, Li J, Xu M. C/EBPα alleviates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress via HDAC1-mediated deacetylation of ATF4. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23630. [PMID: 38229308 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a complex systemic process causing a series clinical problem. C/EBPα is a key transcription factor for hepatocyte function, but its role and mechanism in regulating hepatic IR injury are largely unknown. Occluding portal vein and hepatic artery was used to establish a mouse model of hepatic IR injury. C/EBPα expression was decreased in IR-injured liver compared with the sham, accompanied by increased contents of serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), high mobility group box-1, and proportion of hepatic cells. Oxygen and glucose deprivation/recovery (OGD/R) was used to establish a cellular hepatic IR model in WRL-68 hepatocytes in vitro, and C/EBPα was overexpressed in the hepatocytes to evaluate its effect on hepatic IR injury. OGD/R promoted oxidative stress, cell apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in hepatocytes, which was reversed by C/EBPα overexpression. Then, we found that C/EBPα promoted histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) transcription through binding to HDAC1 promoter. Moreover, HDAC1 deacetylated the activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), a key positive regulator of ER stress. Trichostatin-A (an HDAC inhibitor) or ATF4 overexpression reversed the improvement of C/EBPα on OGD/R-induced ER stress and hepatocyte dysfunction. 4-Phenylbutyric acid (an endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor) also reversed the hepatic IR injury induced by ATF4 overexpression. Finally, lentivirus-mediated C/EBPα overexpression vector was applied to administrate hepatic IR mice, and the results showed that C/EBPα overexpression ameliorated IR-induced hepatic injury, manifesting with reduced ALT/AST, oxidative stress and ER stress. Altogether, our findings suggested that C/EBPα ameliorated hepatic IR injury by inhibiting ER stress via HDAC1-mediated deacetylation of ATF4 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Longbao Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunle Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Ren
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhui Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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10
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Toivakka M, Gordon K, Kumar S, Bermudez-Barrientos JR, Abreu-Goodger C, Zamoyska R, Buck AH. miR-7 is recruited to the high molecular weight RNA-induced silencing complex in CD8 + T cells upon activation and suppresses IL-2 signaling. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 30:26-36. [PMID: 37879863 PMCID: PMC10726160 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079030.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests mammalian Argonaute (Ago) proteins partition into distinct complexes within cells, but there is still little biochemical or functional understanding of the miRNAs differentially associated with these complexes. In naïve T cells, Ago2 is found almost exclusively in low molecular weight (LMW) complexes which are associated with miRNAs but not their target mRNAs. Upon T-cell activation, a proportion of these Ago2 complexes move into a newly formed high molecular weight (HMW) RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which is characterized by the presence of the GW182 protein that mediates translational repression. Here, we demonstrate distinct partitioning of miRNAs and isomiRs in LMW versus HMW RISCs upon antigen-mediated activation of CD8+ T cells. We identify miR-7 as highly enriched in HMW RISC and demonstrate that miR-7 inhibition leads to increased production of IL-2 and up-regulation of the IL-2 receptor, the transferrin receptor, CD71 and the amino acid transporter, CD98. Our data support a model where recruitment of miR-7 to HMW RISC restrains IL-2 signaling and the metabolic processes regulated by IL-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilda Toivakka
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom
| | - Katrina Gordon
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom
| | - Sujai Kumar
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom
| | - José Roberto Bermudez-Barrientos
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom
| | - Cei Abreu-Goodger
- Institute of Ecology & Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom
| | - Rose Zamoyska
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom
| | - Amy H Buck
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom
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11
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Chen H, Guo L, Ding J, Zhou W, Qi Y. A General and Efficient Strategy for Gene Delivery Based on Tea Polyphenols Intercalation and Self-Polymerization. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302620. [PMID: 37349886 PMCID: PMC10460882 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy that employs therapeutic nucleic acids to modulate gene expression has shown great promise for diseases therapy, and its clinical application relies on the development of effective gene vector. Herein a novel gene delivery strategy by just using natural polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) as raw material is reported. EGCG first intercalates into nucleic acids to yield a complex, which then oxidizes and self-polymerizes to form tea polyphenols nanoparticles (TPNs) for effective nucleic acids encapsulation. This is a general method to load any types of nucleic acids with single or double strands and short or long sequences. Such TPNs-based vector achieves comparable gene loading capacity to commonly used cationic materials, but showing lower cytotoxicity. TPNs can effectively penetrate inside cells, escape from endo/lysosomes, and release nucleic acids in response to intracellular glutathione to exert biological functions. To demonstrate the in vivo application, an anti-caspase-3 small interfering ribonucleic acid is loaded into TPNs to treat concanavalin A-induced acute hepatitis, and excellent therapeutic efficacy is obtained in combination with the intrinsic activities of TPNs vector. This work provides a simple, versatile, and cost-effective gene delivery strategy. Given the biocompatibility and intrinsic biofunctions, this TPNs-based gene vector holds great potential to treat various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of PathologyZhanjiang Central HospitalGuangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangGuangdong524000China
- Department of PathologyShihezi University School of MedicineShiheziXinjiang832002China
| | - Lina Guo
- Department of PharmaceuticsXiangya School of Pharmaceutical SciencesCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410013China
| | - Jinsong Ding
- Department of PharmaceuticsXiangya School of Pharmaceutical SciencesCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410013China
| | - Wenhu Zhou
- Department of PharmaceuticsXiangya School of Pharmaceutical SciencesCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410013China
| | - Yan Qi
- Department of PathologyZhanjiang Central HospitalGuangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangGuangdong524000China
- Department of PathologyShihezi University School of MedicineShiheziXinjiang832002China
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12
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Chen C, Guo M, Zhao X, Zhao J, Chen L, He Z, Xu L, Zha Y. MicroRNA-7: A New Intervention Target for Inflammation and Related Diseases. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1185. [PMID: 37627250 PMCID: PMC10452300 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNA that can regulate physiological and pathological processes through post-transcriptional regulatory gene expression. As an important member of the miRNAs family, microRNA-7 (miR-7) was first discovered in 2001 to play an important regulatory role in tissue and organ development. Studies have shown that miR-7 participates in various tissue and organ development processes, tumorigenesis, aging, and other processes by regulating different target molecules. Notably, a series of recent studies have determined that miR-7 plays a key regulatory role in the occurrence of inflammation and related diseases. In particular, miR-7 can affect the immune response of the body by influencing T cell activation, macrophage function, dendritic cell (DC) maturation, inflammatory body activation, and other mechanisms, which has important potential application value in the intervention of related diseases. This article reviews the current regulatory role of miR-7 in inflammation and related diseases, including viral infection, autoimmune hepatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and encephalitis. It expounds on the molecular mechanism by which miR-7 regulates the occurrence of inflammatory diseases. Finally, the existing problems and future development directions of miR-7-based intervention on inflammation and related diseases are discussed to provide new references and help strengthen the understanding of the pathogenesis of inflammation and related diseases, as well as the development of new strategies for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Specifc Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Specifc Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Specifc Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Longqing Chen
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Specifc Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Zhixu He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Specifc Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yan Zha
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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13
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Yang H, Liu Y, Chen L, Zhao J, Guo M, Zhao X, Wen Z, He Z, Chen C, Xu L. MiRNA-Based Therapies for Lung Cancer: Opportunities and Challenges? Biomolecules 2023; 13:877. [PMID: 37371458 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, posing a serious health risk. Despite new advances in immune checkpoint and targeted therapies in recent years, the prognosis for lung cancer patients, especially those in advanced stages, remains poor. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to modulate tumor development at multiple levels, and as such, miRNA mimics and molecules aimed at regulating miRNAs have shown promise in preclinical development. More importantly, miRNA-based therapies can also complement conventional chemoradiotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies to reverse drug resistance and increase the sensitivity of lung cancer cells. Furthermore, small interfering RNA (siRNA) and miRNA-based therapies have entered clinical trials and have shown favorable development prospects. Therefore, in this paper, we review recent advances in miRNA-based therapies in lung cancer treatment as well as adjuvant therapy and present the current state of clinical lung cancer treatment. We also discuss the challenges facing miRNA-based therapies in the clinical application of lung cancer treatment to provide new ideas for the development of novel lung cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yang
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yufang Liu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Longqing Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Zhenke Wen
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Soochow University, Soochow 563000, China
| | - Zhixu He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
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14
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Li AY, Xiao HN, Zhao ZY, Xiang C, Chen ZY, Wang PX, Xia Y, Yu B, Li H, Xiao T. Prognostic and immune implications of a novel 7-methylguanosine-related microRNA signature in breast invasive carcinoma: from exploration to validation. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-023-04849-1. [PMID: 37171615 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04849-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to develop and validate a prognostic signature based on 7-methylguanosine-related (M7G-related) miRNAs for predicting prognosis and immune implications in breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA). MATERIALS AND METHODS M7G-related miRNA data of BRCA were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-penalized, univariate, and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to construct the prognostic signature. Furthermore, the predictive validity was verified using Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival risk and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plots. Internal random sampling verification was used to simplify and validate the signature. RT-qPCR was used to quantify the expression level of transcriptional profiles. The independent prognostic role of the risk score was validated using univariate and multivariate regression. Single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) was used for functional and immune enrichment analysis. RESULTS A total of 18 M7G-related miRNAs were identified to construct the prognostic signature in BRCA. The low-risk group exhibited significantly higher overall survival than the high-risk group in the KM survival plot (P < 0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) for 1-, 3-, and 5-year survivals in the ROC curve were 0.737, 0.724, and 0.702, respectively. The survival significance in the training and testing cohorts was confirmed by random sampling verification. The most prominent miRNAs in the signature were the miR-7, miR-139, miR-10b, and miR-4728. Furthermore, immune scores for B, mast, and Th1 cells varied between risk groups. Our research demonstrated that CD52 was the most positively correlated gene with immune cells and functions in BRCA. CONCLUSION Our study presents a comprehensive and systematic analysis of M7G-related miRNAs to construct a prognostic signature in BRCA. The signature demonstrated excellent prognostic validity, with the risk score as an independent prognostic factor. These results provide critical evidence for further investigation of M7G miRNAs and offer new insights for BRCA patients in the context of effective immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao-Yu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
- Orthopedic Biomedical Materials Engineering Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Hui-Ni Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zi-Yue Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
- Orthopedic Biomedical Materials Engineering Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
- Orthopedic Biomedical Materials Engineering Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuo-Yuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
- Orthopedic Biomedical Materials Engineering Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Ping-Xiao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
- Orthopedic Biomedical Materials Engineering Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
- Orthopedic Biomedical Materials Engineering Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
- Orthopedic Biomedical Materials Engineering Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China.
- Orthopedic Biomedical Materials Engineering Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.
| | - Tao Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China.
- Orthopedic Biomedical Materials Engineering Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.
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15
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Zhao J, Jia L, Tao Y, Zhao X, Yang J, Lu Y, Yan Y, Mao L, Hu L, Lu J, Guo M, Chen C, Zhou Y, Wen Z, He Z, Xu L. TCR repertoire landscape reveals macrophage-mediated clone deletion in endotoxin tolerance. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:531-540. [PMID: 36633616 PMCID: PMC10023648 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01685-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endotoxin tolerance (ET) is a protective mechanism in the process of sepsis, septic shock, and their sequelae including uncontrolled inflammation. Accumulating evidence has shown that peripheral T cells contribute to the induction of ET. However, what and how T-cell development contributes to ET inductions remain unclear. METHODS Mice were intraperitoneally injected with LPS at a concentration of 5 mg/kg to establish an LPS tolerance model and were divided into two groups: a group examined 72 h after LPS injection (72-h group) and a group examined 8 days after LPS injection (8-day group). Injection of PBS was used as a control. We performed high-throughput sequencing to analyze the characteristics and changes of CD4+SP TCRβ CDR3 repertoires with respect to V direct to J rearrangement during the ET induction. Moreover, the proportion and proliferation, as well as surface molecules such as CD80 and CD86, of F4/80+ macrophages were analyzed using FCM. Furthermore, ACT assay was designed and administered by the tail vein into murine LPS-induced mouse model to evaluate the role of F4/80+ macrophages on the development of CD4+SP thymocytes in ET condition. RESULTS We found that the frequency and characteristics of the TCRβ chain CDR3 changed obviously under condition of ET, indicating the occurrence of TCR rearrangement and thymocyte diversification. Moreover, the absolute numbers of F4/80+ macrophages, but not other APCs, were increased in thymic medulla at 72-h group, accompanied by the elevated function-related molecules of F4/80+ macrophages. Furthermore, adoptively transferred OVA332-339 peptide-loaded macrophages into Rag-1-/- mice induced the clone deletion of OVA-specific CD4+SP, thereby ameliorating the pathology in lung tissue in LPS challenge. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal that the frequency and characteristics of the TCRβ chain CDR3 undergo dynamic programming under conditions of LPS tolerance. Furthermore, the peripheral macrophages may be a key factor which carry peripheral antigen to thymic medulla and affect the negative selection of T-cell population, thereby contributing to the formation of ET. These results suggest that the clone selection in thymus in ET may confer protection against microbial sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, GuiZhou, China
| | - Li Jia
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, GuiZhou, China
| | - YiJing Tao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, GuiZhou, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, GuiZhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, GuiZhou, China
| | - Yanxin Lu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, GuiZhou, China
| | - Yaping Yan
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, GuiZhou, China
| | - Ling Mao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, GuiZhou, China
| | - Lin Hu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, GuiZhou, China
| | - Jia Lu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, GuiZhou, China
| | - MengMeng Guo
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, GuiZhou, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, GuiZhou, China
| | - Ya Zhou
- Department of Medical Physics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhenke Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhixu He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.
| | - Lin Xu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China.
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, GuiZhou, China.
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Li X, Zhang Y, Wang J, Li Y, Wang Y, Shi F, Hong L, Li L, Diao H. zVAD alleviates experimental autoimmune hepatitis in mice by increasing the sensitivity of macrophage to TNFR1-dependent necroptosis. J Autoimmun 2022; 133:102904. [PMID: 36108506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is characterized by hepatocyte destruction, leading to lymphocyte and macrophage accumulation in the liver. Macrophages are key drivers of AIH. A membrane-permeable pan-caspase inhibitor, Z-Val-Ala-DL-Asp-fluoromethylketone (zVAD), induces macrophage necroptosis in response to certain stimuli. However, the function of zVAD in the pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis remains elusive. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect and explore the underlying mechanisms of zVAD against AIH. METHODS Murine acute autoimmune liver injury was established by concanavalin A (ConA) injection. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were used in adoptive cell transfer experiments. The mechanism of action of zVAD was examined using macrophage cell lines and BMDMs. Phosphorylation of mixed lineage kinase domain-like proteins was used as a marker of necroptosis. RESULTS Treatment with zVAD increased necroptosis, reduced inflammatory cytokine production, and alleviated liver injury in a ConA-induced liver injury mouse model. Regardless of zVAD treatment, macrophage deletion resulted in reduced neutrophil accumulation and relieved ConA-induced liver injury. In vitro studies have shown that zVAD pretreatment promotes lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage necroptosis and leads to reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine secretion. Transferring zVAD-pretreated BMDMs in mice notably reduced ConA-associated liver inflammation and injury, resulting in lower mortality than that observed after transferring normal BMDMs. Mechanistically, zVAD treatment increased the expression of tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-1 and interleukin (IL)-10 in macrophages. TNFR1 expression decreased upon transfection with IL-10-specific small interfering RNAs and blocking of TNFR1 decreased macrophage necroptosis. CONCLUSIONS We found that zVAD alleviated ConA-induced liver injury by increasing the sensitivity of macrophages to necroptosis via IL-10-induced TNFR1 expression. This study provides new insights into the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis via zVAD-induced macrophage necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinping Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuyu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuchong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China.
| | - Hongyan Diao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Chen S, Guan L, Zhao X, Yang J, Chen L, Guo M, Zhao J, Chen C, Zhou Y, Han Y, Xu L. Optimized thyroid transcription factor-1 core promoter-driven microRNA-7 expression effectively inhibits the growth of human non-small-cell lung cancer cells. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2022; 23:915-930. [PMID: 36379611 PMCID: PMC9676096 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2200116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Targeted gene therapy has become a promising approach for lung cancer treatment. In our previous work, we reported that the targeted expression of microRNA-7 (miR-7) operated by thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) promoter inhibited the growth of human lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo; however, the intervention efficiency needed to be further improved. In this study, we identified the core promoter of TTF-1 (from -1299 bp to -871 bp) by 5' deletion assay and screened out the putative transcription factors nuclear factor-1 (NF-1) and activator protein-1 (AP-1). Further analysis revealed that the expression level of NF-1, but not AP-1, was positively connected with the activation of TTF-1 core promoter in human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Moreover, the silencing of NF-1 could reduce the expression level of miR-7 operated by TTF-1 core promoter. Of note, we optimized four distinct sequences to form additional NF-1-binding sites (TGGCA) in the sequence of TTF-1 core promoter (termed as optTTF-1 promoter), and verified the binding efficiency of NF-1 on the optTTF-1 promoter by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). As expected, the optTTF-1 promoter could more effectively drive miR-7 expression and inhibit the growth of human NSCLC cells in vitro, accompanied by a reduced transduction of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1α subcomplex 4 (NDUFA4)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. Consistently, optTTF-1 promoter-driven miR-7 expression could also effectively abrogate the growth and metastasis of tumor cells in a murine xenograft model of human NSCLC. Finally, no significant changes were detected in the biological indicators or the histology of some important tissues and organs, including heart, liver, and spleen. On the whole, our study revealed that the optimized TTF-1 promoter could more effectively operate miR-7 to influence the growth of human NSCLC cells, providing a new basis for the development of microRNA-based targeting gene therapy against clinical lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Lian Guan
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Longqing Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Ya Zhou
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China. ,
- Department of Medical Physics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China. ,
| | - Yong Han
- Department of Physiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China. ,
| | - Lin Xu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China.
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China.
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Chen S, Wang Y, Li D, Wang H, Zhao X, Yang J, Chen L, Guo M, Zhao J, Chen C, Zhou Y, Liang G, Xu L. Mechanisms Controlling MicroRNA Expression in Tumor. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182852. [PMID: 36139427 PMCID: PMC9496884 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are widely present in many organisms and regulate the expression of genes in various biological processes such as cell differentiation, metabolism, and development. Numerous studies have shown that miRNAs are abnormally expressed in tumor tissues and are closely associated with tumorigenesis. MiRNA-based cancer gene therapy has consistently shown promising anti-tumor effects and is recognized as a new field in cancer treatment. So far, some clinical trials involving the treatment of malignancies have been carried out; however, studies of miRNA-based cancer gene therapy are still proceeding slowly. Therefore, furthering our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of miRNA can bring substantial benefits to the development of miRNA-based gene therapy or other combination therapies and the clinical outcome of patients with cancer. Recent studies have revealed that the aberrant expression of miRNA in tumors is associated with promoter sequence mutation, epigenetic alteration, aberrant RNA modification, etc., showing the complexity of aberrant expression mechanisms of miRNA in tumors. In this paper, we systematically summarized the regulation mechanisms of miRNA expression in tumors, with the aim of providing assistance in the subsequent elucidation of the role of miRNA in tumorigenesis and the development of new strategies for tumor prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Hui Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Longqing Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Ya Zhou
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Medical Physics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (G.L.); (L.X.)
| | - Guiyou Liang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550031, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (G.L.); (L.X.)
| | - Lin Xu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (G.L.); (L.X.)
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Wang Y, Zhao J, Chen S, Li D, Yang J, Zhao X, Qin M, Guo M, Chen C, He Z, Zhou Y, Xu L. Let-7 as a Promising Target in Aging and Aging-Related Diseases: A Promise or a Pledge. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081070. [PMID: 36008964 PMCID: PMC9406090 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormal regulation and expression of microRNA (miRNA) are closely related to the aging process and the occurrence and development of aging-related diseases. Lethal-7 (let-7) was discovered in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and plays an important role in development by regulating cell fate regulators. Accumulating evidence has shown that let-7 is elevated in aging tissues and participates in multiple pathways that regulate the aging process, including affecting tissue stem cell function, body metabolism, and various aging-related diseases (ARDs). Moreover, recent studies have found that let-7 plays an important role in the senescence of B cells, suggesting that let-7 may also participate in the aging process by regulating immune function. Therefore, these studies show the diversity and complexity of let-7 expression and regulatory functions during aging. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of let-7 expression regulation as well as its role in different tissue aging and aging-related diseases, which may provide new ideas for enriching the complex expression regulation mechanism and pathobiological function of let-7 in aging and related diseases and ultimately provide help for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (D.L.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.Q.); (M.G.); (C.C.)
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (D.L.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.Q.); (M.G.); (C.C.)
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Shipeng Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (D.L.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.Q.); (M.G.); (C.C.)
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (D.L.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.Q.); (M.G.); (C.C.)
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (D.L.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.Q.); (M.G.); (C.C.)
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (D.L.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.Q.); (M.G.); (C.C.)
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Ming Qin
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (D.L.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.Q.); (M.G.); (C.C.)
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (D.L.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.Q.); (M.G.); (C.C.)
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (D.L.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.Q.); (M.G.); (C.C.)
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Zhixu He
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China;
| | - Ya Zhou
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (D.L.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.Q.); (M.G.); (C.C.)
- Department of Medical Physics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Lin Xu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (D.L.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.Q.); (M.G.); (C.C.)
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (L.X.)
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Della Bella E, Koch J, Baerenfaller K. Translation and emerging functions of non-coding RNAs in inflammation and immunity. Allergy 2022; 77:2025-2037. [PMID: 35094406 PMCID: PMC9302665 DOI: 10.1111/all.15234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) including small non‐coding RNAs (sRNAs), long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) have gained considerable attention in the last few years. This is mainly due to their condition‐ and tissue‐specific expression and their various modes of action, which suggests them as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets. One important mechanism of ncRNAs to regulate gene expression is through translation of short open reading frames (sORFs). These sORFs can be located in lncRNAs, in non‐translated regions of mRNAs where upstream ORFs (uORFs) represent the majority, or in circRNAs. Regulation of their translation can function as a quick way to adapt protein production to changing cellular or environmental cues, and can either depend solely on the initiation and elongation of translation, or on the roles of the produced functional peptides. Due to the experimental challenges to pinpoint translation events and to detect the produced peptides, translational regulation through regulatory RNAs is not well studied yet. In the case of circRNAs, they have only recently started to be recognized as regulatory molecules instead of mere artifacts of RNA biosynthesis. Of the many roles described for regulatory ncRNAs, we will focus here on their regulation during inflammation and in immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jana Koch
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB) Davos Switzerland
| | - Katja Baerenfaller
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB) Davos Switzerland
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Hao X, Sun G, Zhang Y, Kong X, Rong D, Song J, Tang W, Wang X. Targeting Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment of HCC: New Opportunities and Challenges. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:775462. [PMID: 34869376 PMCID: PMC8633569 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.775462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune associated cells in the microenvironment have a significant impact on the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and have received more and more attention. Different types of immune-associated cells play different roles, including promoting/inhibiting HCC and several different types that are controversial. It is well known that immune escape of HCC has become a difficult problem in tumor therapy. Therefore, in recent years, a large number of studies have focused on the immune microenvironment of HCC, explored many mechanisms worth identifying tumor immunosuppression, and developed a variety of immunotherapy methods as targets, laying the foundation for the final victory in the fight against HCC. This paper reviews recent studies on the immune microenvironment of HCC that are more reliable and important, and provides a more comprehensive view of the investigation of the immune microenvironment of HCC and the development of more immunotherapeutic approaches based on the relevant summaries of different immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopei Hao
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangshun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangyi Kong
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dawei Rong
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhua Song
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Hu L, Zhou Y, Yang J, Zhao X, Mao L, Zheng W, Zhao J, Guo M, Chen C, He Z, Xu L. MicroRNA-7 overexpression positively regulates the CD8 + SP cell development via targeting PIK3R1. Exp Cell Res 2021; 407:112824. [PMID: 34516985 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
microRNA-7 (miR-7), a distinct miRNA family member, has been reported to be involved in the biological functions of immune cells. However, the potential role of miR-7 in the CD8+ T cell development remains to be elucidated. In this study, we estimated the potential effects of miR-7 overexpression in the thymic CD8+ SP cell development using miR-7 overexpression mice. Our results showed that compared with those in control wild type (WT) mice, the volume, weight and total cell numbers of thymus in miR-7 overexpression (OE) mice increased significantly. The absolute cell number of CD8+ SP cells in miR-7 OE mice increased and its ability of activation and proliferation enhanced. Futhermore, we clarified that miR-7 overexpression had an intrinsic promote role in CD8+ SP cell development by adoptive cell transfer assay. Mechanistically, the expression level of PIK3R1, a target of miR-7, decreased significantly in CD8+ SP cells of miR-7 OE mice. Moreover, the expression level of phosphorylated (p)-AKT and p-ERK changed inversely and indicating that miR-7 overexpression impaired the balance of AKE and ERK pathways. In summary, our work reveals an essential role of miR-7 in promoting CD8+ SP cell development through the regulation of PIK3R1 and balance of AKT and ERK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Hu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Provincial Education Department, Guizhou, 563000, China; Department of Immunology & Talent Base of Biological Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Ya Zhou
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Provincial Education Department, Guizhou, 563000, China; Department of Medical Physics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Provincial Education Department, Guizhou, 563000, China; Department of Immunology & Talent Base of Biological Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Provincial Education Department, Guizhou, 563000, China; Department of Immunology & Talent Base of Biological Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Ling Mao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Provincial Education Department, Guizhou, 563000, China; Department of Immunology & Talent Base of Biological Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Qiannan Medical University for Nationalities, Guizhou 558000, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Provincial Education Department, Guizhou, 563000, China; Department of Immunology & Talent Base of Biological Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Provincial Education Department, Guizhou, 563000, China; Department of Immunology & Talent Base of Biological Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Provincial Education Department, Guizhou, 563000, China; Department of Immunology & Talent Base of Biological Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Zhixu He
- Department of Paediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Transformation Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Provincial Education Department, Guizhou, 563000, China; Department of Immunology & Talent Base of Biological Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563000, China.
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