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Xu Y, Qu M, He Y, He Q, Shen T, Luo J, Tan D, Bao H, Xu C, Ji X, Hu X, Barkat MQ, Zeng LH, Wu X. Smurf1 polyubiquitinates on K285/K282 of the kinases Mst1/2 to attenuate their tumor-suppressor functions. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105395. [PMID: 37890777 PMCID: PMC10696403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sterile 20-like kinases Mst1 and Mst2 (Mst1/2) and large tumor suppressor 1/2 are core kinases to mediate Hippo signaling in maintaining tissue homeostasis. We have previously demonstrated that Smad ubiquitin (Ub) regulatory factor 1 (Smurf1), a HECT-type E3 ligase, ubiquitinates and in turn destabilizes large tumor suppressor 1/2 to induce the transcriptional output of Hippo signaling. Here, we unexpectedly find that Smurf1 interacts with and polyubiquitinates Mst1/2 by virtue of K27- and K29-linked Ub chains, resulting in the proteasomal degradation of Mst1/2 and attenuation of their tumor-suppressor functions. Among the potential Ub acceptor sites on Mst1/2, K285/K282 are conserved and essential for Smurf1-induced polyubiquitination and degradation of Mst1/2 as well as transcriptional output of Hippo signaling. As a result, K285R/K282R mutation of Mst1/2 not only negates the transcriptional output of Hippo signaling but enhances the tumor-suppressor functions of Mst1/2. Together, we demonstrate that Smurf1-mediated polyubiquitination on K285/K282 of Mst1/2 destabilizes Mst1/2 to attenuate their tumor-suppressor functions. Thus, the present study identifies Smurf1-mediated ubiquitination of Mst1/2 as a hitherto uncharacterized mechanism fine-tuning the Hippo signaling pathway and may provide additional targets for therapeutic intervention of diseases associated with this important pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meiyu Qu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangxun He
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiangqiang He
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingyu Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Tan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hangyang Bao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengyun Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing Ji
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Qasim Barkat
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Hui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ximei Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Dong L, Liu L, Li Y, Li W, Zhou L, Xia Q. E3 ligase Smurf1 protects against misfolded SOD1 in neuronal cells by promoting its K63 ubiquitylation and aggresome formation. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:2035-2048. [PMID: 35022748 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
K63-linked polyubiquitination of the neurodegenerative disease-associated misfolded protein copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is associated with the formation of inclusion bodies. Highly expressed E3 ligase Smurf1 promotes cellular homostasis through the enhanced capability of aggregate degradation. However, it is not well explored the role of Smurf1 in the dynamics of SOD1 aggresomes. In this study, we report that Smurf1 promotes the recruitment of SOD1 to form aggresomes. Mechanistically, Smurf1 interacts with mutant SOD1 to promote aggresome formation by modification of its K63-linked polyubiquitination. Moreover, overexpressed Smurf1 enhances mutant SOD1 aggresome formation and autophagic degradation to prevent cell death. Thus, our data suggest that Smurf1 plays an important role in attenuating protein misfolding-induced cell toxicity by both driving the sequestration of misfolded SOD1 into aggresomes and autophagic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dong
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Liqun Liu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wenxuan Li
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Liying Zhou
- Beijing Tide Pharmaceutical CO., LTD, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Qin Xia
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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Luan Y, Luan Y, Feng Q, Chen X, Ren KD, Yang Y. Emerging Role of Mitophagy in the Heart: Therapeutic Potentials to Modulate Mitophagy in Cardiac Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3259963. [PMID: 34603595 PMCID: PMC8483925 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3259963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The normal function of the mitochondria is crucial for most tissues especially for those that demand a high energy supply. Emerging evidence has pointed out that healthy mitochondrial function is closely associated with normal heart function. When these processes fail to repair the damaged mitochondria, cells initiate a removal process referred to as mitophagy to clear away defective mitochondria. In cardiomyocytes, mitophagy is closely associated with metabolic activity, cell differentiation, apoptosis, and other physiological processes involved in major phenotypic alterations. Mitophagy alterations may contribute to detrimental or beneficial effects in a multitude of cardiac diseases, indicating potential clinical insights after a close understanding of the mechanisms. Here, we discuss the current opinions of mitophagy in the progression of cardiac diseases, such as ischemic heart disease, diabetic cardiomyopathy, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, and arrhythmia, and focus on the key molecules and related pathways involved in the regulation of mitophagy. We also discuss recently reported approaches targeting mitophagy in the therapy of cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luan
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Ying Luan
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qi Feng
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Kai-Di Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Park JS, Ma H, Roh YS. Ubiquitin pathways regulate the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 193:114764. [PMID: 34529948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic liver disease (CLD) is considered the leading cause of global mortality. In westernized countries, increased consumption of alcohol and overeating foods with high fat/ high glucose promote progression of CLD such as alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD). Accumulating evidence and research suggest that ubiquitin, a 75 amino acid protein, plays crucial role in the pathogenesis of CLD through dynamic post-translational modifications (PTMs) exerting diverse cellular outcomes such as protein degradation through ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy, and regulation of signal transduction. In this review, we present the function of ubiquitination and latest findings on diverse mechanism of PTMs, UPS and autophagy which significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cirrhosis, and HCC. Despite its high prevalence, morbidity, and mortality, there are only few FDA approved drugs that could be administered to CLD patients. The goal of this review is to present a variety of pathways and therapeutic targets involving ubiquitination in the pathogenesis of CLD. Further, this review summarizes collective views of pharmaceutical inhibition or activation of recent drugs targeting UPS and autophagy system to highlight potential targets and new approaches to treat CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Su Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, South Korea
| | - Hwan Ma
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Roh
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, South Korea.
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Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are endoplasmic reticulum-derived organelles that consist of a core of neutral lipids encircled by a phospholipid monolayer decorated with proteins. As hubs of cellular lipid and energy metabolism, LDs are inherently involved in the etiology of prevalent metabolic diseases such as obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The functions of LDs are regulated by a unique set of associated proteins, the LD proteome, which includes integral membrane and peripheral proteins. These proteins control key activities of LDs such as triacylglycerol synthesis and breakdown, nutrient sensing and signal integration, and interactions with other organelles. Here we review the mechanisms that regulate the composition of the LD proteome, such as pathways that mediate selective and bulk LD protein degradation and potential connections between LDs and cellular protein quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Roberts
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA;
| | - James A Olzmann
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; .,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
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Gough NR, Xiang X, Mishra L. TGF-β Signaling in Liver, Pancreas, and Gastrointestinal Diseases and Cancer. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:434-452.e15. [PMID: 33940008 PMCID: PMC8841117 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genetic alterations affecting transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling are exceptionally common in diseases and cancers of the gastrointestinal system. As a regulator of tissue renewal, TGF-β signaling and the downstream SMAD-dependent transcriptional events play complex roles in the transition from a noncancerous disease state to cancer in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and pancreas. Furthermore, this pathway also regulates the stromal cells and the immune system, which may contribute to evasion of the tumors from immune-mediated elimination. Here, we review the involvement of the TGF-β pathway mediated by the transcriptional regulators SMADs in disease progression to cancer in the digestive system. The review integrates human genomic studies with animal models that provide clues toward understanding and managing the complexity of the pathway in disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy R. Gough
- The Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research & Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
| | - Xiyan Xiang
- The Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research & Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
| | - Lopa Mishra
- The Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research & Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York; Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Surgery, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia.
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Pötgens SA, Thibaut MM, Joudiou N, Sboarina M, Neyrinck AM, Cani PD, Claus SP, Delzenne NM, Bindels LB. Multi-compartment metabolomics and metagenomics reveal major hepatic and intestinal disturbances in cancer cachectic mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:456-475. [PMID: 33599103 PMCID: PMC8061360 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by multiple metabolic dysfunctions. Besides the muscle, other organs such as the liver and the gut microbiota may also contribute to this syndrome. Indeed, the gut microbiota, an important regulator of the host metabolism, is altered in the C26 preclinical model of cancer cachexia. Interventions targeting the gut microbiota have shown benefits, but mechanisms underlying the host-microbiota crosstalk in this context are still poorly understood. METHODS To explore this crosstalk, we combined proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H-NMR) metabolomics in multiple compartments with 16S rDNA sequencing. These analyses were complemented by molecular and biochemical analyses, as well as hepatic transcriptomics. RESULTS 1 H-NMR revealed major changes between control (CT) and cachectic (C26) mice in the four analysed compartments (i.e. caecal content, portal vein, liver, and vena cava). More specifically, glucose metabolism pathways in the C26 model were altered with a reduction in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis and an activation of the hexosamine pathway, arguing against the existence of a Cori cycle in this model. In parallel, amino acid uptake by the liver, with an up to four-fold accumulation of nine amino acids (q-value <0.05), was mainly used for acute phase response proteins synthesis rather than to fuel the tricarboxylic acid cycle and gluconeogenesis. We also identified a 35% reduction in hepatic carnitine levels (q-value <0.05) and a lower activation of the phosphatidylcholine pathway as potential contributors to the hepatic steatosis present in this model. Our work also reveals a reduction of different beneficial intestinal bacterial activities in cancer cachexia. We found decreased levels of two short-chain fatty acids, acetate and butyrate (72% and 88% reduction in C26 caecal content; q-value <0.001), and a reduction in aromatic amino acid metabolites, which may contribute to the altered intestinal homeostasis in these mice. A member of the Ruminococcaceae family (ASV 2) was identified as the main bacterium responsible for the drop in butyrate. Finally, we report a two-fold intestinal transit acceleration (P-value <0.001) as a key factor shaping the gut microbiota composition and activity in cancer cachexia, which together lead to a faecal loss of proteins and amino acids. CONCLUSIONS Our work highlights new metabolic pathways potentially involved in cancer cachexia and further supports the interest of exploring the gut microbiota composition and activity, as well as intestinal transit, in cancer patients with and without cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Pötgens
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Morgane M Thibaut
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Joudiou
- Nuclear and Electron Spin Technologies Platform (NEST), Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martina Sboarina
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey M Neyrinck
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine P Claus
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Nathalie M Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure B Bindels
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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