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Chang P, Pérez-González M, Constable J, Bush D, Cleverley K, Tybulewicz VLJ, Fisher EMC, Walker MC. Neuronal oscillations in cognition: Down syndrome as a model of mouse to human translation. Neuroscientist 2024:10738584241271414. [PMID: 39316548 DOI: 10.1177/10738584241271414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), a prevalent cognitive disorder resulting from trisomy of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21), poses a significant global health concern. Affecting approximately 1 in 800 live births worldwide, DS is the leading genetic cause of intellectual disability and a major predisposing factor for early-onset Alzheimer's dementia. The estimated global population of individuals with DS is 6 million, with increasing prevalence due to advances in DS health care. Global efforts are dedicated to unraveling the mechanisms behind the varied clinical outcomes in DS. Recent studies on DS mouse models reveal disrupted neuronal circuits, providing insights into DS pathologies. Yet, translating these findings to humans faces challenges due to limited systematic electrophysiological analyses directly comparing human and mouse. Additionally, disparities in experimental procedures between the two species pose hurdles to successful translation. This review provides a concise overview of neuronal oscillations in human and rodent cognition. Focusing on recent DS mouse model studies, we highlight disruptions in associated brain function. We discuss various electrophysiological paradigms and suggest avenues for exploring molecular dysfunctions contributing to DS-related cognitive impairments. Deciphering neuronal oscillation intricacies holds promise for targeted therapies to alleviate cognitive disabilities in DS individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pishan Chang
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Jessica Constable
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Daniel Bush
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Karen Cleverley
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Victor L J Tybulewicz
- Immune Cell Biology and Down Syndrome Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Matthew C Walker
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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McNaughton N, Bannerman D. The homogenous hippocampus: How hippocampal cells process available and potential goals. Prog Neurobiol 2024; 240:102653. [PMID: 38960002 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
We present here a view of the firing patterns of hippocampal cells that is contrary, both functionally and anatomically, to conventional wisdom. We argue that the hippocampus responds to efference copies of goals encoded elsewhere; and that it uses these to detect and resolve conflict or interference between goals in general. While goals can involve space, hippocampal cells do not encode spatial (or other special types of) memory, as such. We also argue that the transverse circuits of the hippocampus operate in an essentially homogeneous way along its length. The apparently different functions of different parts (e.g. memory retrieval versus anxiety) result from the different (situational/motivational) inputs on which those parts perform the same fundamental computational operations. On this view, the key role of the hippocampus is the iterative adjustment, via Papez-like circuits, of synaptic weights in cell assemblies elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil McNaughton
- Department of Psychology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, POB56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - David Bannerman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, England, UK
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Satish A, Keller VG, Raza S, Fitzpatrick S, Horner AJ. Theta and alpha oscillations in human hippocampus and medial parietal cortex support the formation of location-based representations. Hippocampus 2024; 34:284-301. [PMID: 38520305 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Our ability to navigate in a new environment depends on learning new locations. Mental representations of locations are quickly accessible during navigation and allow us to know where we are regardless of our current viewpoint. Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research using pattern classification has shown that these location-based representations emerge in the retrosplenial cortex and parahippocampal gyrus, regions theorized to be critically involved in spatial navigation. However, little is currently known about the oscillatory dynamics that support the formation of location-based representations. We used magnetoencephalogram (MEG) recordings to investigate region-specific oscillatory activity in a task where participants could form location-based representations. Participants viewed videos showing that two perceptually distinct scenes (180° apart) belonged to the same location. This "overlap" video allowed participants to bind the two distinct scenes together into a more coherent location-based representation. Participants also viewed control "non-overlap" videos where two distinct scenes from two different locations were shown, where no location-based representation could be formed. In a post-video behavioral task, participants successfully matched the two viewpoints shown in the overlap videos, but not the non-overlap videos, indicating they successfully learned the locations in the overlap condition. Comparing oscillatory activity between the overlap and non-overlap videos, we found greater theta and alpha/beta power during the overlap relative to non-overlap videos, specifically at time-points when we expected scene integration to occur. These oscillations localized to regions in the medial parietal cortex (precuneus and retrosplenial cortex) and the medial temporal lobe, including the hippocampus. Therefore, we find that theta and alpha/beta oscillations in the hippocampus and medial parietal cortex are likely involved in the formation of location-based representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akul Satish
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Sumaiyah Raza
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Aidan J Horner
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
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Velazquez-Delgado C, Perez-Becerra J, Calderon V, Hernandez-Ortiz E, Bermudez-Rattoni F, Carrillo-Reid L. Paradoxical Boosting of Weak and Strong Spatial Memories by Hippocampal Dopamine Uncaging. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0469-23.2024. [PMID: 38755011 PMCID: PMC11138129 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0469-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability to remember changes in the surroundings is fundamental for daily life. It has been proposed that novel events producing dopamine release in the hippocampal CA1 region could modulate spatial memory formation. However, the role of hippocampal dopamine increase on weak or strong spatial memories remains unclear. We show that male mice exploring two objects located in a familiar environment for 5 min created a short-term memory (weak) that cannot be retrieved 1 d later, whereas 10 min exploration created a long-term memory (strong) that can be retrieved 1 d later. Remarkably, hippocampal dopamine elevation during the encoding of weak object location memories (OLMs) allowed their retrieval 1 d later but dopamine elevation during the encoding of strong OLMs promoted the preference for a familiar object location over a novel object location after 24 h. Moreover, dopamine uncaging after the encoding of OLMs did not have effect on weak memories whereas on strong memories diminished the exploration of the novel object location. Additionally, hippocampal dopamine elevation during the retrieval of OLMs did not allow the recovery of weak memories and did not affect the retrieval of strong memory traces. Finally, dopamine elevation increased hippocampal theta oscillations, indicating that dopamine promotes the recurrent activation of specific groups of neurons. Our experiments demonstrate that hippocampal dopaminergic modulation during the encoding of OLMs depends on memory strength indicating that hyperdopaminergic levels that enhance weak experiences could compromise the normal storage of strong memories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Job Perez-Becerra
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla 76230, México
| | - Vladimir Calderon
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla 76230, México
| | - Eduardo Hernandez-Ortiz
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México 04510, México
| | - Federico Bermudez-Rattoni
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México 04510, México
| | - Luis Carrillo-Reid
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla 76230, México
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Crown LM, Agyeman KA, Choi W, Zepeda N, Iseri E, Pahlavan P, Siegel SJ, Liu C, Christopoulos V, Lee DJ. Theta-frequency medial septal nucleus deep brain stimulation increases neurovascular activity in MK-801-treated mice. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1372315. [PMID: 38560047 PMCID: PMC10978728 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1372315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has shown remarkable success treating neurological and psychiatric disorders including Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, dystonia, epilepsy, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. DBS is now being explored to improve cognitive and functional outcomes in other psychiatric conditions, such as those characterized by reduced N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) function (i.e., schizophrenia). While DBS for movement disorders generally involves high-frequency (>100 Hz) stimulation, there is evidence that low-frequency stimulation may have beneficial and persisting effects when applied to cognitive brain networks. Methods In this study, we utilize a novel technology, functional ultrasound imaging (fUSI), to characterize the cerebrovascular impact of medial septal nucleus (MSN) DBS under conditions of NMDA antagonism (pharmacologically using Dizocilpine [MK-801]) in anesthetized male mice. Results Imaging from a sagittal plane across a variety of brain regions within and outside of the septohippocampal circuit, we find that MSN theta-frequency (7.7 Hz) DBS increases hippocampal cerebral blood volume (CBV) during and after stimulation. This effect was not present using standard high-frequency stimulation parameters [i.e., gamma (100 Hz)]. Discussion These results indicate the MSN DBS increases circuit-specific hippocampal neurovascular activity in a frequency-dependent manner and does so in a way that continues beyond the period of electrical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey M Crown
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kofi A Agyeman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Wooseong Choi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nancy Zepeda
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ege Iseri
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Pooyan Pahlavan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Steven J Siegel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Charles Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA, United States
| | - Vasileios Christopoulos
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Darrin J Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA, United States
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Cheng CH, Hung CC, Chao YP, Nouchi R, Wang PN. Subjective cognitive decline exhibits alterations of resting-state phase-amplitude coupling in precuneus. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 156:281-289. [PMID: 37722986 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is associated with increased risks for progressing to Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to investigate phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) in individuals with SCD and healthy controls (HCs) in the baseline year and determined the predictability of cognitive changes in the clinical follow-up. METHODS Resting-state magnetoencephalographic signals in 29 HCs and 23 SCD subjects were recorded in the baseline year. The parahippocampal gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus were selected as regions of interest (ROIs). Based on the grand-averaged comodulograms, delta-beta, delta-gamma and theta-gamma PAC values were extracted from each ROI. RESULTS Compared with the HCs, the SCD group showed decreased theta-gamma PAC in the precuneus. Theta-gamma PAC of the left precuneus was associated with SCD severity and performance of immediate recall in the baseline year. The SCD group was followed for 3 years and divided into SCD-Stable and SCD-Decline groups based on scores of Mini-Mental State Examination. No significant differences in PAC of the baseline year were found between SCD-Stable and SCD-Decline groups. CONCLUSIONS The SCD group demonstrated reduced theta-gamma PAC in the precuneus. SIGNIFICANCE Subjective perception of cognitive decline is reflected by objective alterations of brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics (BIND Lab), Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Che Hung
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics (BIND Lab), Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Chao
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Rui Nouchi
- Department of Cognitive Health Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Pei-Ning Wang
- Division of General Neurology, Department of Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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McNerney MW, Gurkoff GG, Beard C, Berryhill ME. The Rehabilitation Potential of Neurostimulation for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Animal and Human Studies. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1402. [PMID: 37891771 PMCID: PMC10605899 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurostimulation carries high therapeutic potential, accompanied by an excellent safety profile. In this review, we argue that an arena in which these tools could provide breakthrough benefits is traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI is a major health problem worldwide, with the majority of cases identified as mild TBI (mTBI). MTBI is of concern because it is a modifiable risk factor for dementia. A major challenge in studying mTBI is its inherent heterogeneity across a large feature space (e.g., etiology, age of injury, sex, treatment, initial health status, etc.). Parallel lines of research in human and rodent mTBI can be collated to take advantage of the full suite of neuroscience tools, from neuroimaging (electroencephalography: EEG; functional magnetic resonance imaging: fMRI; diffusion tensor imaging: DTI) to biochemical assays. Despite these attractive components and the need for effective treatments, there are at least two major challenges to implementation. First, there is insufficient understanding of how neurostimulation alters neural mechanisms. Second, there is insufficient understanding of how mTBI alters neural function. The goal of this review is to assemble interrelated but disparate areas of research to identify important gaps in knowledge impeding the implementation of neurostimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Windy McNerney
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; (M.W.M.); (C.B.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gene G. Gurkoff
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA;
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA 94553, USA
| | - Charlotte Beard
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; (M.W.M.); (C.B.)
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Marian E. Berryhill
- Programs in Cognitive and Brain Sciences, and Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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Etter G, Carmichael JE, Williams S. Linking temporal coordination of hippocampal activity to memory function. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1233849. [PMID: 37720546 PMCID: PMC10501408 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1233849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Oscillations in neural activity are widespread throughout the brain and can be observed at the population level through the local field potential. These rhythmic patterns are associated with cycles of excitability and are thought to coordinate networks of neurons, in turn facilitating effective communication both within local circuits and across brain regions. In the hippocampus, theta rhythms (4-12 Hz) could contribute to several key physiological mechanisms including long-range synchrony, plasticity, and at the behavioral scale, support memory encoding and retrieval. While neurons in the hippocampus appear to be temporally coordinated by theta oscillations, they also tend to fire in sequences that are developmentally preconfigured. Although loss of theta rhythmicity impairs memory, these sequences of spatiotemporal representations persist in conditions of altered hippocampal oscillations. The focus of this review is to disentangle the relative contribution of hippocampal oscillations from single-neuron activity in learning and memory. We first review cellular, anatomical, and physiological mechanisms underlying the generation and maintenance of hippocampal rhythms and how they contribute to memory function. We propose candidate hypotheses for how septohippocampal oscillations could support memory function while not contributing directly to hippocampal sequences. In particular, we explore how theta rhythms could coordinate the integration of upstream signals in the hippocampus to form future decisions, the relevance of such integration to downstream regions, as well as setting the stage for behavioral timescale synaptic plasticity. Finally, we leverage stimulation-based treatment in Alzheimer's disease conditions as an opportunity to assess the sufficiency of hippocampal oscillations for memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sylvain Williams
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Joensen BH, Bush D, Vivekananda U, Horner AJ, Bisby JA, Diehl B, Miserocchi A, McEvoy AW, Walker MC, Burgess N. Hippocampal theta activity during encoding promotes subsequent associative memory in humans. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:8792-8802. [PMID: 37160345 PMCID: PMC10321091 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal theta oscillations have been implicated in associative memory in humans. However, findings from electrophysiological studies using scalp electroencephalography or magnetoencephalography, and those using intracranial electroencephalography are mixed. Here we asked 10 pre-surgical epilepsy patients undergoing intracranial electroencephalography recording, along with 21 participants undergoing magnetoencephalography recordings, to perform an associative memory task, and examined whether hippocampal theta activity during encoding was predictive of subsequent associative memory performance. Across the intracranial electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography studies, we observed that theta power in the hippocampus increased during encoding, and that this increase differed as a function of subsequent memory, with greater theta activity for pairs that were successfully retrieved in their entirety compared with those that were not remembered. This helps to clarify the role of theta oscillations in associative memory formation in humans, and further, demonstrates that findings in epilepsy patients undergoing intracranial electroencephalography recordings can be extended to healthy participants undergoing magnetoencephalography recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárður H Joensen
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, UCL, London, WC1N 3AZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17165, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 42, Sweden
| | - Daniel Bush
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Umesh Vivekananda
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Aidan J Horner
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - James A Bisby
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, UCL, London, WC1N 3AZ, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychiatry, UCL, London, W1T 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Beate Diehl
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Miserocchi
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew W McEvoy
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew C Walker
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Burgess
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, UCL, London, WC1N 3AZ, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL, London, WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom
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Fan BQ, Xia JM, Chen DD, Feng LL, Ding JH, Li SS, Li WX, Han Y. Medial septum glutamatergic neurons modulate nociception in chronic neuropathic pain via projections to lateral hypothalamus. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1171665. [PMID: 37266154 PMCID: PMC10229799 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1171665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The medial septum (MS) contributes in pain processing and regulation, especially concerning persistent nociception. However, the role of MS glutamatergic neurons in pain and the underlying neural circuit mechanisms in pain remain poorly understood. In this study, chronic constrictive injury of the sciatic nerve (CCI) surgery was performed to induce thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia in mice. The chemogenetic activation of MS glutamatergic neurons decreased pain thresholds in naïve mice. In contrast, inhibition or ablation of these neurons has improved nociception thresholds in naïve mice and relieved thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia in CCI mice. Anterograde viral tracing revealed that MS glutamatergic neurons had projections to the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and supramammillary nucleus (SuM). We further demonstrated that MS glutamatergic neurons regulate pain thresholds by projecting to LH but not SuM, because the inhibition of MS-LH glutamatergic projections suppressed pain thresholds in CCI and naïve mice, yet, optogenetic activation or inhibition of MS-SuM glutamatergic projections had no effect on pain thresholds in naïve mice. In conclusion, our results reveal that MS glutamatergic neurons play a significant role in regulating pain perception and decipher that MS glutamatergic neurons modulate nociception via projections to LH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuan Han
- *Correspondence: Yuan Han, ; Wen-Xian Li,
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11
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Layfield D, Sidell N, Blankenberger K, Newman EL. Hippocampal inactivation during rearing on hind legs impairs spatial memory. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6136. [PMID: 37061540 PMCID: PMC10105745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33209-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial memory requires an intact hippocampus. Hippocampal function during epochs of locomotion and quiet rest (e.g., grooming and reward consumption) has been the target of extensive study. However, during navigation rats frequently rear up onto their hind legs, and the importance of hippocampal activity during these periods of attentive sampling for spatial memory is unknown. To address this, we tested the necessity of dorsal hippocampal activity during rearing epochs in the study phase of a delayed win-shift task for memory performance in the subsequent test phase. Hippocampal activity was manipulated with closed-loop, bilateral, optogenetic inactivation. Spatial memory accuracy was significantly and selectively reduced when the dorsal hippocampus was inactivated during rearing epochs at encoding. These data show that hippocampal activity during periods of rearing can be important for spatial memory, revealing a novel link between hippocampal function during epochs of rearing and spatial memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Layfield
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, 1101 E 10th St, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E 10th St, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
| | - Nathan Sidell
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E 10th St, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Kevin Blankenberger
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E 10th St, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Ehren Lee Newman
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, 1101 E 10th St, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E 10th St, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
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Kitchigina V, Shubina L. Oscillations in the dentate gyrus as a tool for the performance of the hippocampal functions: Healthy and epileptic brain. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 125:110759. [PMID: 37003419 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG) is part of the hippocampal formation and is essential for important cognitive processes such as navigation and memory. The oscillatory activity of the DG network is believed to play a critical role in cognition. DG circuits generate theta, beta, and gamma rhythms, which participate in the specific information processing performed by DG neurons. In the temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), cognitive abilities are impaired, which may be due to drastic alterations in the DG structure and network activity during epileptogenesis. The theta rhythm and theta coherence are especially vulnerable in dentate circuits; disturbances in DG theta oscillations and their coherence may be responsible for general cognitive impairments observed during epileptogenesis. Some researchers suggested that the vulnerability of DG mossy cells is a key factor in the genesis of TLE, but others did not support this hypothesis. The aim of the review is not only to present the current state of the art in this field of research but to help pave the way for future investigations by highlighting the gaps in our knowledge to completely appreciate the role of DG rhythms in brain functions. Disturbances in oscillatory activity of the DG during TLE development may be a diagnostic marker in the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Kitchigina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region 142290, Russia.
| | - Liubov Shubina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region 142290, Russia
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The cerebellum promotes sequential foraging strategies and contributes to the directional modulation of hippocampal place cells. iScience 2023; 26:106200. [PMID: 36922992 PMCID: PMC10009096 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum contributes to goal-directed navigation abilities and place coding in the hippocampus. Here we investigated its contribution to foraging strategies. We recorded hippocampal neurons in mice with impaired PKC-dependent cerebellar functions (L7-PKCI) and in their littermate controls while they performed a task where they were rewarded for visiting a subset of hidden locations. We found that L7-PKCI and control mice developed different foraging strategies: while control mice repeated spatial sequences to maximize their rewards, L7-PKCI mice persisted to use a random foraging strategy. Sequential foraging was associated with more place cells exhibiting theta-phase precession and theta rate modulation. Recording in the dark showed that PKC-dependent cerebellar functions controlled how self-motion cues contribute to the selectivity of place cells to both position and direction. Thus, the cerebellum contributes to the development of optimal sequential paths during foraging, possibly by controlling how self-motion and theta signals contribute to place cell coding.
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14
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Hines M, Poulter S, Douchamps V, Pibiri F, McGregor A, Lever C. Frequency matters: how changes in hippocampal theta frequency can influence temporal coding, anxiety-reduction, and memory. Front Syst Neurosci 2023; 16:998116. [PMID: 36817946 PMCID: PMC9936826 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.998116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal theta frequency is a somewhat neglected topic relative to theta power, phase, coherence, and cross-frequency coupling. Accordingly, here we review and present new data on variation in hippocampal theta frequency, focusing on functional associations (temporal coding, anxiety reduction, learning, and memory). Taking the rodent hippocampal theta frequency to running-speed relationship as a model, we identify two doubly-dissociable frequency components: (a) the slope component of the theta frequency-to-stimulus-rate relationship ("theta slope"); and (b) its y-intercept frequency ("theta intercept"). We identify three tonic determinants of hippocampal theta frequency. (1) Hotter temperatures increase theta frequency, potentially consistent with time intervals being judged as shorter when hot. Initial evidence suggests this occurs via the "theta slope" component. (2) Anxiolytic drugs with widely-different post-synaptic and pre-synaptic primary targets share the effect of reducing the "theta intercept" component, supporting notions of a final common pathway in anxiety reduction involving the hippocampus. (3) Novelty reliably decreases, and familiarity increases, theta frequency, acting upon the "theta slope" component. The reliability of this latter finding, and the special status of novelty for learning, prompts us to propose a Novelty Elicits Slowing of Theta frequency (NEST) hypothesis, involving the following elements: (1) Theta frequency slowing in the hippocampal formation is a generalised response to novelty of different types and modalities; (2) Novelty-elicited theta slowing is a hippocampal-formation-wide adaptive response functioning to accommodate the additional need for learning entailed by novelty; (3) Lengthening the theta cycle enhances associativity; (4) Even part-cycle lengthening may boost associativity; and (5) Artificial theta stimulation aimed at enhancing learning should employ low-end theta frequencies.
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Yuan W, Zhi W, Ma L, Hu X, Wang Q, Zou Y, Wang L. Neural Oscillation Disorder in the Hippocampal CA1 Region of Different Alzheimer's Disease Mice. Curr Alzheimer Res 2023; 20:350-359. [PMID: 37559542 PMCID: PMC10661967 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666230808122643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a well-known neurodegenerative disease that gradually induces neural network dysfunction and progressive memory deficits. Neural network activity is represented by rhythmic oscillations that influence local field potentials (LFPs). However, changes in hippocampal neural rhythmic oscillations in the early stage of AD remain largely unexplored. OBJECTIVE This study investigated neural rhythmic oscillations in 3-month-old APP/PS1 and 5x- FAD mice to assess early neural connectivity in AD. METHODS LFPs were recorded from the hippocampal CA1 region with implanted microelectrode arrays while the mice were in the awake resting stage. Welch fast Fourier transforms, continuous wavelet transforms, and phase-amplitude coupling analyses were used to compute the power density of different frequency bands and phase-amplitude modulation indices in the LFPs. RESULTS Our results showed impaired theta, low gamma, and high gamma frequency band power in APP/PS1 and 5xFAD mice during the awake resting stage. AD mice also showed decreased delta, alpha, and beta frequency band power. Impaired theta-low gamma and theta-high gamma phaseamplitude coupling were observed in 5xFAD mice. CONCLUSION This study revealed neural network activity differences in oscillation power and cross-frequency coupling in the early stage of AD, providing a new perspective for developing biomarkers for early AD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Yuan
- Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Weijia Zhi
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lizhen Ma
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiangjun Hu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chinese PAP Beijing Corps Hospital, Beijing 100600, China
| | - Yong Zou
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
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Behaviourally modulated hippocampal theta oscillations in the ferret persist during both locomotion and immobility. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5905. [PMID: 36207304 PMCID: PMC9547075 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33507-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Theta oscillations are a hallmark of hippocampal activity across mammals and play a critical role in many hippocampal models of memory and spatial navigation. To reconcile the cross-species differences observed in the presence and properties of theta, we recorded hippocampal local field potentials in rats and ferrets during auditory and visual localisation tasks designed to vary locomotion and sensory attention. Here, we show that theta oscillations occur during locomotion in both ferrets and rats, however during periods of immobility, theta oscillations persist in the ferret, contrasting starkly with the switch to large irregular activity (LIA) in the rat. Theta during immobility in the ferret is identified as analogous to Type 2 theta that has been observed in rodents due to its sensitivity to atropine, and is modulated by behavioural state with the strongest theta observed during reward epochs. These results demonstrate that even under similar behavioural conditions, differences exist between species in the relationship between theta and behavioural state.
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Sato Y, Schmitt O, Ip Z, Rabiller G, Omodaka S, Tominaga T, Yazdan-Shahmorad A, Liu J. Pathological changes of brain oscillations following ischemic stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:1753-1776. [PMID: 35754347 PMCID: PMC9536122 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221105677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Brain oscillations recorded in the extracellular space are among the most important aspects of neurophysiology data reflecting the activity and function of neurons in a population or a network. The signal strength and patterns of brain oscillations can be powerful biomarkers used for disease detection and prediction of the recovery of function. Electrophysiological signals can also serve as an index for many cutting-edge technologies aiming to interface between the nervous system and neuroprosthetic devices and to monitor the efficacy of boosting neural activity. In this review, we provided an overview of the basic knowledge regarding local field potential, electro- or magneto- encephalography signals, and their biological relevance, followed by a summary of the findings reported in various clinical and experimental stroke studies. We reviewed evidence of stroke-induced changes in hippocampal oscillations and disruption of communication between brain networks as potential mechanisms underlying post-stroke cognitive dysfunction. We also discussed the promise of brain stimulation in promoting post stroke functional recovery via restoring neural activity and enhancing brain plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimichi Sato
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Oliver Schmitt
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zachary Ip
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gratianne Rabiller
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shunsuke Omodaka
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Teiji Tominaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Azadeh Yazdan-Shahmorad
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jialing Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA, USA
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18
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Silva C, Young CK, McNaughton N. Prefrontal and hippocampal theta rhythm show anxiolytic-like changes during periaqueductal-elicited "panic" in rats. Hippocampus 2022; 32:679-694. [PMID: 35916172 PMCID: PMC9540356 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety and panic are both elicited by threat and co-occur clinically. But, at the neural level, anxiety appears to inhibit the generation of panic; and vice versa. Anxiety and panic are thought to engage more anterior (a) and mid-posterior (m) parts of the periaqueductal gray (PAG), respectively. Anxiety also engages the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex. Here, we tested if mPAG but not aPAG stimulation would suppress prefrontal and hippocampal theta rhythm as do anxiolytic drugs. Twelve male rats with implanted electrodes were stimulated alternately (30 s interval) in the left PAG or right reticular formation (reticularis pontis oralis [RPO]-as a positive control) with recording in the left prelimbic cortex and left and right hippocampus. PAG stimulation was set to produce freezing and RPO to produce 7-8 Hz theta rhythm before tests lasting 10 min on each of 5 days. mPAG stimulation decreased, and aPAG increased, theta power at all sites during elicited freezing. mPAG, but not aPAG, stimulation decreased prefrontal theta frequency. Stimulation did not substantially change circuit dynamics (pairwise phase consistency and partial directed coherence). Together with previous reports, our data suggest that panic- and anxiety-control systems are mutually inhibitory, and neural separation of anxiety and panic extends down to the aPAG and mPAG, respectively. Our findings are consistent with recent proposals that fear and anxiety are controlled by parallel neural hierarchies extending from PAG to the prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Silva
- Department of Psychology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Calvin K Young
- Department of Psychology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Neil McNaughton
- Department of Psychology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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19
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Zepeda NC, Crown LM, Medvidovic S, Choi W, Sheth M, Bergosh M, Gifford R, Folz C, Lam P, Lu G, Featherstone R, Liu CY, Siegel SJ, Lee DJ. Frequency-specific medial septal nucleus deep brain stimulation improves spatial memory in MK-801-treated male rats. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 170:105756. [PMID: 35584727 PMCID: PMC9343054 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few treatments exist for the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. Pharmacological agents resulting in glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor hypofunction, such as MK-801, mimic many of these symptoms and disrupt neural activity. Recent evidence suggests that deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the medial septal nucleus (MSN) can modulate medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampal activity and improve spatial memory. OBJECTIVE Here, we examine the effects of acute MK-801 administration on oscillatory activity within the septohippocampal circuit and behavior. We also evaluate the potential for MSN stimulation to improve cognitive behavioral measures following MK-801 administration. METHODS 59 Sprague Dawley male rats received either acute intraperitoneal (IP) saline vehicle injections or MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg). Theta (5-12 Hz), low gamma (30-50 Hz) and high frequency oscillatory (HFO) power were analyzed in the mPFC, MSN, thalamus and hippocampus. Rats underwent MSN theta (7.7 Hz), gamma (100 Hz) or no stimulation during behavioral tasks (Novel object recognition (NOR), elevated plus maze, Barnes maze (BM)). RESULTS Injection of MK-801 resulted in frequency-specific changes in oscillatory activity, decreasing theta while increasing HFO power. Theta, but not gamma, stimulation enhanced the anxiolytic effects of MK-801 on the elevated plus maze. While MK-801 treated rats exhibited spatial memory deficits on the Barnes maze, those that also received MSN theta, but not gamma, stimulation found the escape hole sooner. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that acute MK-801 administration leads to altered neural activity in the septohippocampal circuit and impaired spatial memory. Further, these findings suggest that MSN theta-frequency stimulation improves specific spatial memory deficits and may be a possible treatment for cognitive impairments caused by NMDA hypofunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy C. Zepeda
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Lindsey M. Crown
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Sasha Medvidovic
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Wooseong Choi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Megha Sheth
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Matthew Bergosh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Raymond Gifford
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Caroline Folz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Phillip Lam
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Gengxi Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Robert Featherstone
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Charles Y. Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA,USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Steven J. Siegel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Darrin J. Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA,USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, USA,Corresponding author at: Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1200 North State Street, Suite 3300, Los Angeles, CA 90033. (D.J. Lee)
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20
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Davila CE, Wang DX, Ritzer M, Moran R, Lega BC. A Control-Theoretical System for Modulating Hippocampal Gamma Oscillations using Stimulation of the Posterior Cingulate Cortex. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2022; 30:2242-2253. [PMID: 35849675 PMCID: PMC9469793 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2022.3192170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Closed-loop stimulation for targeted modulation of brain signals has emerged as a promising strategy for episodic memory restoration. In parallel, closed-loop neuromodulation strategies have been applied to treat brain conditions including drug-resistant depression, Parkinson’s Disease, and epilepsy. In this study, we seek to apply control theoretical principles to achieve closed loop modulation of hippocampal oscillatory activity. We focus on hippocampal gamma power, a signal with an established association for episodic memory processing, which may be a promising ‘biomarker’ for the modulation of memory performance. To develop a closed-loop stimulation paradigm that effectively modulates hippocampal gamma power, we use a novel data-set in which open-loop stimulation was applied to the posterior cingulate cortex and hippocampal gamma power was recorded during the encoding of episodic memories. The dataset was used to design and evaluate a linear quadratic integral (LQI) servo-controller in order to determine its viability for in-vivo use. In our simulation framework, we demonstrate that applying an LQI servo controller based on an autoregressive with exogenous input (ARX) plant model achieves effective control of hippocampal gamma power in 15 out of 17 experimental subjects. We demonstrate that we are able to modulate gamma power using stimulation thresholds that are physiologically safe and on time scales that are reasonable for application in a clinical system. We outline further experimentation to test our proposed system and compare our findings to emerging closed-loop neuromodulation strategies.
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21
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McNaughton N, Vann SD. Construction of complex memories via parallel distributed cortical-subcortical iterative integration. Trends Neurosci 2022; 45:550-562. [PMID: 35599065 PMCID: PMC7612902 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The construction of complex engrams requires hippocampal-cortical interactions. These include both direct interactions and ones via often-overlooked subcortical loops. Here, we review the anatomical organization of a hierarchy of parallel 'Papez' loops through the hypothalamus that are homologous in mammals from rats to humans. These hypothalamic loops supplement direct hippocampal-cortical connections with iterative reprocessing paced by theta rhythmicity. We couple existing anatomy and lesion data with theory to propose that recirculation in these loops progressively enhances desired connections, while reducing interference from competing external goals and internal associations. This increases the signal-to-noise ratio in the distributed engrams (neocortical and cerebellar) necessary for complex learning and memory. The hypothalamic nodes provide key motivational input for engram enhancement during consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil McNaughton
- Department of Psychology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, POB56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Seralynne D Vann
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
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22
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McNaughton N. Neuropsychological Theory as a Basis for Clinical Translation of Animal Models of Neuropsychiatric Disorder. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:877633. [PMID: 35619597 PMCID: PMC9128611 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.877633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Theta and gamma oscillatory dynamics in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease: A path to prospective therapeutic intervention. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 136:104628. [PMID: 35331816 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the neural basis of cognitive deficits, a key feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), is imperative for achieving the therapy of the disease. Rhythmic oscillatory activities in neural systems are a fundamental mechanism for diverse brain functions, including cognition. In several neurological conditions like AD, aberrant neural oscillations have been shown to play a central role. Furthermore, manipulation of brain oscillations in animals has confirmed their impact on cognition and disease. In this article, we review the evidence from mouse models that shows how synchronized oscillatory activity is intricately linked to AD machinery. We primarily focus on recent reports showing abnormal oscillatory activities at theta and gamma frequencies in AD condition and their influence on cellular disturbances and cognitive impairments. A thorough comprehension of the role that neuronal oscillations play in AD pathology should pave the way to therapeutic interventions that can curb the disease.
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Urrutia-Piñones J, Morales-Moraga C, Sanguinetti-González N, Escobar AP, Chiu CQ. Long-Range GABAergic Projections of Cortical Origin in Brain Function. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:841869. [PMID: 35392440 PMCID: PMC8981584 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.841869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of long-range GABAergic projections has traditionally been focused on those with subcortical origin. In the last few years, cortical GABAergic neurons have been shown to not only mediate local inhibition, but also extend long-range axons to remote cortical and subcortical areas. In this review, we delineate the different types of long-range GABAergic neurons (LRGNs) that have been reported to arise from the hippocampus and neocortex, paying attention to the anatomical and functional circuits they form to understand their role in behavior. Although cortical LRGNs are similar to their interneuron and subcortical counterparts, they comprise distinct populations that show specific patterns of cortico-cortical and cortico-fugal connectivity. Functionally, cortical LRGNs likely induce timed disinhibition in target regions to synchronize network activity. Thus, LRGNs are emerging as a new element of cortical output, acting in concert with long-range excitatory projections to shape brain function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Urrutia-Piñones
- Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Camila Morales-Moraga
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Nicole Sanguinetti-González
- Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Angelica P. Escobar
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Chiayu Q. Chiu
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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25
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Sysoev YI, Prikhodko VA, Idiyatullin RD, Chernyakov RT, Karev VE, Okovityi SV. A Method for Chronic Registration of Brain Cortical Electrical Activity in Rats. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022010252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Ter Wal M, Linde-Domingo J, Lifanov J, Roux F, Kolibius LD, Gollwitzer S, Lang J, Hamer H, Rollings D, Sawlani V, Chelvarajah R, Staresina B, Hanslmayr S, Wimber M. Theta rhythmicity governs human behavior and hippocampal signals during memory-dependent tasks. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7048. [PMID: 34857748 PMCID: PMC8639755 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27323-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory formation and reinstatement are thought to lock to the hippocampal theta rhythm, predicting that encoding and retrieval processes appear rhythmic themselves. Here, we show that rhythmicity can be observed in behavioral responses from memory tasks, where participants indicate, using button presses, the timing of encoding and recall of cue-object associative memories. We find no evidence for rhythmicity in button presses for visual tasks using the same stimuli, or for questions about already retrieved objects. The oscillations for correctly remembered trials center in the slow theta frequency range (1-5 Hz). Using intracranial EEG recordings, we show that the memory task induces temporally extended phase consistency in hippocampal local field potentials at slow theta frequencies, but significantly more for remembered than forgotten trials, providing a potential mechanistic underpinning for the theta oscillations found in behavioral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marije Ter Wal
- School of Psychology & Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Juan Linde-Domingo
- School of Psychology & Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Lifanov
- School of Psychology & Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Frédéric Roux
- School of Psychology & Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Luca D Kolibius
- School of Psychology & Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, G12 8QB, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Johannes Lang
- Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hajo Hamer
- Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Rollings
- Complex Epilepsy and Surgery Service, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2GW, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vijay Sawlani
- Complex Epilepsy and Surgery Service, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2GW, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ramesh Chelvarajah
- Complex Epilepsy and Surgery Service, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2GW, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bernhard Staresina
- School of Psychology & Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, OX2 6GG, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Hanslmayr
- School of Psychology & Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, G12 8QB, Glasgow, UK
| | - Maria Wimber
- School of Psychology & Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK.
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, G12 8QB, Glasgow, UK.
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27
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Role of the trace amine associated receptor 5 (TAAR5) in the sensorimotor functions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23092. [PMID: 34845253 PMCID: PMC8630200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02289-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical monoamines are well-known modulators of sensorimotor neural networks. However, the role of trace amines and their receptors in sensorimotor function remains unexplored. Using trace amine-associated receptor 5 knockout (TAAR5-KO) mice, that express beta-galactosidase mapping its localization, we observed TAAR5 expression in the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum and the medial vestibular nucleus, suggesting that TAAR5 might be involved in the vestibular and motor control. Accordingly, in various behavioral tests, TAAR5-KO mice demonstrated lower endurance, but better coordination and balance compared to wild-type controls. Furthermore, we found specific changes in striatal local field potentials and motor cortex electrocorticogram, such as a decrease in delta and an increase in theta oscillations of power spectra, respectively. The obtained data indicate that TAAR5 plays a considerable role in regulation postural stability, muscle force, balance, and motor coordination during active movements, likely via modulation of monoaminergic systems at different levels of sensorimotor control involving critical brain areas such as the brainstem, cerebellum, and forebrain.
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28
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Robinson JC, Brandon MP. Skipping ahead: A circuit for representing the past, present, and future. eLife 2021; 10:e68795. [PMID: 34647521 PMCID: PMC8516414 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Envisioning the future is intuitively linked to our ability to remember the past. Within the memory system, substantial work has demonstrated the involvement of the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus in representing the past and present. Recent data shows that both the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus encode future trajectories, which are segregated in time by alternating cycles of the theta rhythm. Here, we discuss how information is temporally organized by these brain regions supported by the medial septum, nucleus reuniens, and parahippocampal regions. Finally, we highlight a brain circuit that we predict is essential for the temporal segregation of future scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Robinson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Rajen Kilachand Center for Integrated Life Sciences and Engineering, Boston UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Mark P Brandon
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
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29
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Right frontal anxiolytic-sensitive EEG 'theta' rhythm in the stop-signal task is a theory-based anxiety disorder biomarker. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19746. [PMID: 34611294 PMCID: PMC8492763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99374-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric diagnoses currently rely on a patient’s presenting symptoms or signs, lacking much-needed theory-based biomarkers. Our neuropsychological theory of anxiety, recently supported by human imaging, is founded on a longstanding, reliable, rodent ‘theta’ brain rhythm model of human clinical anxiolytic drug action. We have now developed a human scalp EEG homolog—goal-conflict-specific rhythmicity (GCSR), i.e., EEG rhythmicity specific to a balanced conflict between goals (e.g., approach-avoidance). Critically, GCSR is consistently reduced by different classes of anxiolytic drug and correlates with clinically-relevant trait anxiety scores (STAI-T). Here we show elevated GCSR in student volunteers divided, after testing, on their STAI-T scores into low, medium, and high (typical of clinical anxiety) groups. We then tested anxiety disorder patients (meeting diagnostic criteria) and similar controls recruited separately from the community. The patient group had higher average GCSR than their controls—with a mixture of high and low GCSR that varied with, but cut across, conventional disorder diagnosis. Consequently, GCSR scores should provide the first theoretically-based biomarker that could help diagnose, and so redefine, a psychiatric disorder.
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30
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Izadi A, Schedlbauer A, Ondek K, Disse G, Ekstrom AD, Cowen SL, Shahlaie K, Gurkoff GG. Early Intervention via Stimulation of the Medial Septal Nucleus Improves Cognition and Alters Markers of Epileptogenesis in Pilocarpine-Induced Epilepsy. Front Neurol 2021; 12:708957. [PMID: 34557145 PMCID: PMC8452867 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.708957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over one-third of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy are refractory to medication. In addition, anti-epileptic drugs often exacerbate cognitive comorbidities. Neuromodulation is an FDA treatment for refractory epilepsy, but patients often wait >20 years for a surgical referral for resection or neuromodulation. Using a rodent model, we test the hypothesis that 2 weeks of theta stimulation of the medial septum acutely following exposure to pilocarpine will alter the course of epileptogenesis resulting in persistent behavioral improvements. Electrodes were implanted in the medial septum, dorsal and ventral hippocampus, and the pre-frontal cortex of pilocarpine-treated rats. Rats received 30 min/day of 7.7 Hz or theta burst frequency on days 4-16 post-pilocarpine, prior to the development of spontaneous seizures. Seizure threshold, spikes, and oscillatory activity, as well as spatial and object-based learning, were assessed in the weeks following stimulation. Non-stimulated pilocarpine animals exhibited significantly decreased seizure threshold, increased spikes, and cognitive impairments as compared to vehicle controls. Furthermore, decreased ventral hippocampal power (6-10 Hz) correlated with both the development of spikes and impaired cognition. Measures of spikes, seizure threshold, and cognitive performance in both acute 7.7 Hz and theta burst stimulated animals were statistically similar to vehicle controls when tested during the chronic phase of epilepsy, weeks after stimulation was terminated. These data indicate that modulation of the septohippocampal circuit early after pilocarpine treatment alters the progression of epileptic activity, resulting in elevated seizure thresholds, fewer spikes, and improved cognitive outcome. Results from this study support that septal theta stimulation has the potential to serve in combination or as an alternative to high frequency thalamic stimulation in refractory cases and that further research into early intervention is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Izadi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States.,Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Amber Schedlbauer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Katelynn Ondek
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States.,Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Gregory Disse
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Arne D Ekstrom
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Stephen L Cowen
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Kiarash Shahlaie
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States.,Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Gene G Gurkoff
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States.,Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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31
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Ibrahim KM, Ariffin MZ, Khanna S. Modulation of Septo-Hippocampal Neural Responses in Anesthetized and Behaving Rats by Septal AMPA Receptor Mechanisms. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:663633. [PMID: 34177470 PMCID: PMC8220821 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.663633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored the effects of septal glutamatergic transmission on septal-hippocampal theta activity via intraseptal microinjection of antagonist at AMPA receptors (AMPAR). The current results showed that microinjection of AMPAR antagonist, NBQX (2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo[f]quinoxaline-2,3-dione, 20 μg/μl, 0.5 μl), evoked a decrease in the frequency of theta activity evoked by various means in anesthetized and behaving rat. Theta wave activity was induced on: (a) intraseptal microinjection of carbachol, an agonist at cholinergic receptors, (b) reticular stimulation, (c) exploration in novel open field (OF), and (d) hind paw (HP) injection of the algogen, formalin. The effect on frequency in the formalin test was observed in an early period on injection of formalin, which was novel to the animal, but not in the later more sustained phase of the formalin test. The effect of NBQX, being seen in both anesthetized and behaving animals, suggests that the modulation of theta wave frequency, including in novelty, is a function of AMPAR in MS. The effect of the antagonist on theta power was less apparent, being observed only in anesthetized animals. In addition to theta power and frequency, intraseptal NBQX also attenuated suppression of CA1 population spike (PS) induced by intraseptal carbachol, thus suggesting that septal glutamate neurotransmission is involved in the spectrum of MS-mediated network responses. Indeed, in the context of behavior, formalin injection induced an increase in the level of septal glutamate, while NBQX attenuated nociceptive behaviors. Notably, MS is involved in the modulation of formalin nociception. These findings suggest that AMPA receptors are a key modulator of septal physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairunisa Mohamad Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Neurobiology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mohammed Zacky Ariffin
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Neurobiology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sanjay Khanna
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Neurobiology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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32
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Missaire M, Fraize N, Comte JC, Truchet B, Parmentier R, Salin PA, Malleret G. Working and Reference Memory Tasks Trigger Opposed Long-Term Synaptic Changes in the Rat Dentate Gyrus. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:2980-2992. [PMID: 33506269 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term storage of information into memory is supposed to rely on long-term synaptic plasticity processes. The detection of such synaptic changes after training in long-term/reference memory (RM) tasks has yet been scarce, variable and only studied on a short time scale. Short-term or working memory (WM) is largely known to depend on persistent neuronal activity or short-term plasticity. However, processing information into WM could also involve long-term synaptic changes that could be responsible for the erasure/forgetting of items previously stored in WM and acting as proactive interference. In order to study long-term synaptic changes associated with RM or WM, we trained chronically implanted rats in 3 different radial maze tasks: a classical RM task and 2 WM tasks involving different levels of proactive interference. Synaptic responses in the dentate gyrus were recorded during 2 × 24 h in freely moving rats after training. We found that consolidation of long-term information leads first to a delayed synaptic potentiation, occurring 9 h after RM training that is replaced by a synaptic depression once the RM rule is fully acquired. In contrast, optimal information processing into WM triggers a synaptic depression immediately after training and lasting 3 h that could act as a mechanism for interference erasure/forgetting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mégane Missaire
- FORGETTING 'Forgetting Processes and Cortical Dynamics' Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), University Lyon 1, Lyon F-69008, France
| | - Nicolas Fraize
- FORGETTING 'Forgetting Processes and Cortical Dynamics' Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), University Lyon 1, Lyon F-69008, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Comte
- FORGETTING 'Forgetting Processes and Cortical Dynamics' Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), University Lyon 1, Lyon F-69008, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Bruno Truchet
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, CNRS and Aix-Marseille University, Marseille F-13331, France
| | - Régis Parmentier
- FORGETTING 'Forgetting Processes and Cortical Dynamics' Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), University Lyon 1, Lyon F-69008, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Paul-Antoine Salin
- FORGETTING 'Forgetting Processes and Cortical Dynamics' Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), University Lyon 1, Lyon F-69008, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Gaël Malleret
- FORGETTING 'Forgetting Processes and Cortical Dynamics' Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), University Lyon 1, Lyon F-69008, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lyon F-69000, France
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33
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Castegnetti G, Bush D, Bach DR. Model of theta frequency perturbations and contextual fear memory. Hippocampus 2021; 31:448-457. [PMID: 33534196 PMCID: PMC8049035 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Theta oscillations in the hippocampal local field potential (LFP) appear during translational movement and arousal, modulate the activity of principal cells, and are associated with spatial cognition and episodic memory function. All known anxiolytics slightly but consistently reduce hippocampal theta frequency. However, whether this electrophysiological effect is mechanistically related to the decreased behavioral expression of anxiety is currently unclear. Here, we propose that a reduction in theta frequency affects synaptic plasticity and mnemonic function and that this can explain the reduction in anxiety behavior. We test this hypothesis in a biophysical model of contextual fear conditioning. First, we confirm that our model reproduces previous empirical results regarding the dependence of synaptic plasticity on presynaptic firing rate. Next, we investigate how theta frequency during contextual conditioning impacts learning. These simulations demonstrate that learned associations between threat and context are attenuated when learning takes place under reduced theta frequency. Additionally, our simulations demonstrate that learned associations result in increased theta activity in the amygdala, consistent with empirical data. In summary, we propose a mechanism that can account for the behavioral effect of anxiolytics by impairing the integration of threat attributes of an environment into the cognitive map due to reduced synaptic potentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Castegnetti
- Computational Psychiatry Research, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and PsychosomaticsUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Institute of Cognitive NeuroscienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Daniel Bush
- Institute of Cognitive NeuroscienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Queen Square Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Dominik R. Bach
- Computational Psychiatry Research, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and PsychosomaticsUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging and Max Planck/UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing ResearchUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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34
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Moreno-Ruiz B, Mellado S, Zamora-Moratalla A, Albarracín AL, Martín ED. Increase in serum prolactin levels in females improves the performance of spatial learning by promoting changes in the circuital dynamics of the hippocampus. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 124:105048. [PMID: 33249333 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.105048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Beyond the direct physiological functions associated with motherhood in mammals, previous studies have suggested the potential role of prolactin (Prl) in distinct brain processes such as neuroprotection, neurogenesis, and stress responses. However, the cognitive influence of Prl remains unclear, particularly regarding the mechanisms of acquisition, consolidation and retrieval of information in the brain. Using chronic implanted electrodes in freely moving female mice combined with behavioral tests, we investigated the rhythmic activity changes induced by Prl in a model of hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. Our results show that Prl improves the learning of a spatial memory task in the acquisition stage. The main variations at the circuitry level were in the theta frequency band (4-8 Hz and 8-12 Hz), marked by a faster change in oscillatory activity with no modifications to higher frequencies. These results show that Prl plays a significant role in the acquisition of information during learning of a spatial memory task, suggesting that an increase in Prl levels may induce changes in circuital network plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Moreno-Ruiz
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Synaptic Plasticity, Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Mellado
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Synaptic Plasticity, Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonsa Zamora-Moratalla
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Synaptic Plasticity, Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana L Albarracín
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Eduardo D Martín
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Synaptic Plasticity, Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain.
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35
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Klein PM, Parihar VK, Szabo GG, Zöldi M, Angulo MC, Allen BD, Amin AN, Nguyen QA, Katona I, Baulch JE, Limoli CL, Soltesz I. Detrimental impacts of mixed-ion radiation on nervous system function. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 151:105252. [PMID: 33418069 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Galactic cosmic radiation (GCR), composed of highly energetic and fully ionized atomic nuclei, produces diverse deleterious effects on the body. In researching the neurological risks of GCR exposures, including during human spaceflight, various ground-based single-ion GCR irradiation paradigms induce differential disruptions of cellular activity and overall behavior. However, it remains less clear how irradiation comprising a mix of multiple ions, more accurately recapitulating the space GCR environment, impacts the central nervous system. We therefore examined how mixed-ion GCR irradiation (two similar 5-6 beam combinations of protons, helium, oxygen, silicon and iron ions) influenced neuronal connectivity, functional generation of activity within neural circuits and cognitive behavior in mice. In electrophysiological recordings we find that space-relevant doses of mixed-ion GCR preferentially alter hippocampal inhibitory neurotransmission and produce related disruptions in the local field potentials of hippocampal oscillations. Such underlying perturbation in hippocampal network activity correspond with perturbed learning, memory and anxiety behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Klein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, United States of America.
| | - Vipan K Parihar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Gergely G Szabo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Miklós Zöldi
- Momentum Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maria C Angulo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Barrett D Allen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Amal N Amin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Quynh-Anh Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - István Katona
- Momentum Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States of America
| | - Janet E Baulch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Charles L Limoli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Ivan Soltesz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, United States of America; Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, United States of America
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36
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Barnett S, Parr-Brownlie L, Perry B, Young C, Wicky H, Hughes S, McNaughton N, Dalrymple-Alford J. Anterior thalamic nuclei neurons sustain memory. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 2:100022. [PMID: 36246504 PMCID: PMC9559952 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2021.100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A hippocampal-diencephalic-cortical network supports memory function. The anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN) form a key anatomical hub within this system. Consistent with this, injury to the mammillary body-ATN axis is associated with examples of clinical amnesia. However, there is only limited and indirect support that the output of ATN neurons actively enhances memory. Here, in rats, we first showed that mammillothalamic tract (MTT) lesions caused a persistent impairment in spatial working memory. MTT lesions also reduced rhythmic electrical activity across the memory system. Next, we introduced 8.5 Hz optogenetic theta-burst stimulation of the ATN glutamatergic neurons. The exogenously-triggered, regular pattern of stimulation produced an acute and substantial improvement of spatial working memory in rats with MTT lesions and enhanced rhythmic electrical activity. Neither behaviour nor rhythmic activity was affected by endogenous stimulation derived from the dorsal hippocampus. Analysis of immediate early gene activity, after the rats foraged for food in an open field, showed that exogenously-triggered ATN stimulation also increased Zif268 expression across memory-related structures. These findings provide clear evidence that increased ATN neuronal activity supports memory. They suggest that ATN-focused gene therapy may be feasible to counter clinical amnesia associated with dysfunction in the mammillary body-ATN axis. The mammillothalamic tract (MTT) supports neural activity in an extended memory system. Optogenetic activation of neurons in the anterior thalamus acutely improves memory after MTT lesions. Rescued memory associates with system-wide neuronal activation and enhanced EEG. Anterior thalamus actively sustains memory and is a feasible therapeutic target.
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37
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Ondek K, Pevzner A, Tercovich K, Schedlbauer AM, Izadi A, Ekstrom AD, Cowen SL, Shahlaie K, Gurkoff GG. Recovery of Theta Frequency Oscillations in Rats Following Lateral Fluid Percussion Corresponds With a Mild Cognitive Phenotype. Front Neurol 2020; 11:600171. [PMID: 33343499 PMCID: PMC7746872 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.600171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether from a fall, sports concussion, or even combat injury, there is a critical need to identify when an individual is able to return to play or work following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Electroencephalogram (EEG) and local field potentials (LFP) represent potential tools to monitor circuit-level abnormalities related to learning and memory: specifically, theta oscillations can be readily observed and play a critical role in cognition. Following moderate traumatic brain injury in the rat, lasting changes in theta oscillations coincide with deficits in spatial learning. We hypothesized, therefore, that theta oscillations can be used as an objective biomarker of recovery, with a return of oscillatory activity corresponding with improved spatial learning. In the current study, LFP were recorded from dorsal hippocampus and anterior cingulate in awake, behaving adult Sprague Dawley rats in both a novel environment on post-injury days 3 and 7, and Barnes maze spatial navigation on post-injury days 8–11. Theta oscillations, as measured by power, theta-delta ratio, peak theta frequency, and phase coherence, were significantly altered on day 3, but had largely recovered by day 7 post-injury. Injured rats had a mild behavioral phenotype and were not different from shams on the Barnes maze, as measured by escape latency. Injured rats did use suboptimal search strategies. Combined with our previous findings that demonstrated a correlation between persistent alterations in theta oscillations and spatial learning deficits, these new data suggest that neural oscillations, and particularly theta oscillations, have potential as a biomarker to monitor recovery of brain function following TBI. Specifically, we now demonstrate that oscillations are depressed following injury, but as oscillations recover, so does behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelynn Ondek
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Aleksandr Pevzner
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kayleen Tercovich
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Amber M Schedlbauer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Ali Izadi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Arne D Ekstrom
- Department of Psychology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,McKnight Brain Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Stephen L Cowen
- Department of Psychology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,McKnight Brain Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Kiarash Shahlaie
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Gene G Gurkoff
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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38
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Young CK, Ruan M, McNaughton N. Speed modulation of hippocampal theta frequency and amplitude predicts water maze learning. Hippocampus 2020; 31:201-212. [PMID: 33171002 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Theta oscillations in the hippocampus have many behavioral correlates, with the magnitude and vigor of ongoing movement being the most salient. Many consider correlates of locomotion with hippocampal theta to be a confound in delineating theta contributions to cognitive processes. Theory and empirical experiments suggest theta-movement relationships are important if spatial navigation is to support higher cognitive processes. In the current study, we tested if variations in speed modulation of hippocampal theta can predict spatial learning rates in the water maze. Using multi-step regression, we find that the magnitude and robustness of hippocampal theta frequency versus speed scaling can predict water maze learning rates. Using a generalized linear model, we also demonstrate that speed and water maze learning are the best predictors of hippocampal theta frequency and amplitude. Our findings suggest movement-speed correlations with hippocampal theta frequency may be actively used in spatial learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin K Young
- Department of Psychology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ming Ruan
- Department of Psychology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Zhuhai Municipal Women's and Children's Hospital, Zhuhai, China
| | - Neil McNaughton
- Department of Psychology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Mapping Cell Types and Efferent Pathways in the Ascending Relaxin-3 System of the Nucleus Incertus. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0272-20.2020. [PMID: 33055197 PMCID: PMC7643772 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0272-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Relaxin-3 (Rln3) is an insulin-family peptide neurotransmitter expressed primarily in neurons of the nucleus incertus (NI) of the pontine tegmentum, with smaller populations located in the deep mesencephalon (DpMe) and periaqueductal gray (PAG). Here, we have used targeted recombination at the Rln3 gene locus to generate an Rln3Cre transgenic mouse line, and characterize the molecular identity and axonal projections of Rln3-expressing neurons. Expression of Cre recombinase in Rln3Cre mice, and the expression of Cre-mediated reporters, accurately reflect the expression of Rln3 mRNA in all brain regions. In the NI, Rln3 mRNA is expressed in a subset of a larger population of tegmental neurons that express the neuropeptide neuromedin-b (NMB). These Rln3-expressing and NMB-expressing neurons also express the GABAergic marker GAD2 but not the glutamatergic marker Slc17a6 (VGluT2). Cre-mediated anterograde tracing with adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) shows that the efferents of the Rln3-expressing neurons in the DpMe and PAG are largely confined to the brain regions in which they originate, while the NI-Rln3 neurons form an extensive ascending system innervating the limbic cortex, septum, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. Viral anterograde tracing also reveals the potential synaptic targets of NI-Rln3 neurons in several brain regions, and the distinct projections of Rln3-expressing and non-expressing neurons in the pontine tegmentum. Rabies virus (RV)-mediated transsynaptic retrograde tracing demonstrates a probable synaptic link between NI-Rln3 neurons and GABAergic neurons in the septum, with implications for the modulation of neural activity in the septo-hippocampal system. Together, these results form the basis for functional studies of the NI-Rln3 system.
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40
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Traumatic Brain Injury Preserves Firing Rates But Disrupts Laminar Oscillatory Coupling and Neuronal Entrainment in Hippocampal CA1. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0495-19.2020. [PMID: 32737188 PMCID: PMC7477953 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0495-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While hippocampal-dependent learning and memory are particularly vulnerable to traumatic brain injury (TBI), the functional status of individual hippocampal neurons and their interactions with oscillations are unknown following injury. Using the most common rodent TBI model and laminar recordings in CA1, we found a significant reduction in oscillatory input into the radiatum layer of CA1 after TBI. Surprisingly, CA1 neurons maintained normal firing rates despite attenuated input, but did not maintain appropriate synchronization with this oscillatory input or with local high-frequency oscillations. Normal synchronization between these coordinating oscillations was also impaired. Simultaneous recordings of medial septal neurons known to participate in theta oscillations revealed increased GABAergic/glutamatergic firing rates postinjury under anesthesia, potentially because of a loss of modulating feedback from the hippocampus. These results suggest that TBI leads to a profound disruption of connectivity and oscillatory interactions, potentially disrupting the timing of CA1 neuronal ensembles that underlie aspects of learning and memory.
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41
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He JW, Rabiller G, Nishijima Y, Akamatsu Y, Khateeb K, Yazdan-Shahmorad A, Liu J. Experimental cortical stroke induces aberrant increase of sharp-wave-associated ripples in the hippocampus and disrupts cortico-hippocampal communication. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:1778-1796. [PMID: 31558106 PMCID: PMC7446570 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19877889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The functional consequences of ischemic stroke in the remote brain regions are not well characterized. The current study sought to determine changes in hippocampal oscillatory activity that may underlie the cognitive impairment observed following distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO) without causing hippocampal structural damage. Local field potentials were recorded from the dorsal hippocampus and cortex in urethane-anesthetized rats with multichannel silicon probes during dMCAO and reperfusion, or mild ischemia induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (CCAO). Bilateral change of brain state was evidenced by reduced theta/delta amplitude ratio and shortened high theta duration following acute dMCAO but not CCAO. An aberrant increase in the occurrence of sharp-wave-associated ripples (150-250 Hz), crucial for memory consolidation, was only detected after dMCAO reperfusion, coinciding with an increased occurrence of high-frequency discharges (250-450 Hz). dMCAO also significantly affected the modulation of gamma amplitude in the cortex coupled to hippocampal theta phase, although both hippocampal theta and gamma power were temporarily decreased during dMCAO. Our results suggest that MCAO may disrupt the balance between excitatory and inhibitory circuits in the hippocampus and alter the function of cortico-hippocampal network, providing a novel insight in how cortical stroke affects function in remote brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Wei He
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gratianne Rabiller
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yasuo Nishijima
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yosuke Akamatsu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Karam Khateeb
- Departments of Bioengineering and Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Azadeh Yazdan-Shahmorad
- Departments of Bioengineering and Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jialing Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA, USA
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42
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Melzer S, Monyer H. Diversity and function of corticopetal and corticofugal GABAergic projection neurons. Nat Rev Neurosci 2020; 21:499-515. [PMID: 32747763 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-020-0344-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
It is still widely thought that cortical projections to distant brain areas derive by and large from glutamatergic neurons. However, an increasing number of reports provide evidence that cortical GABAergic neurons comprise a smaller population of 'projection neurons' in addition to the well-known and much-studied interneurons. GABAergic long-range axons that derive from, or project to, cortical areas are thought to entrain distant brain areas for efficient information transfer and processing. Research conducted over the past 10 years has revealed that cortical GABAergic projection neurons are highly diverse in terms of molecular marker expression, synaptic targeting (identity of targeted cell types), activity pattern during distinct behavioural states and precise temporal recruitment relative to ongoing neuronal network oscillations. As GABAergic projection neurons connect many cortical areas unidirectionally or bidirectionally, it is safe to assume that they participate in the modulation of a whole series of behavioural and cognitive functions. We expect future research to examine how long-range GABAergic projections fine-tune activity in distinct distant networks and how their recruitment alters the behaviours that are supported by these networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Melzer
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Hannah Monyer
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology of the Medical Faculty of Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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43
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Mouchati PR, Kloc ML, Holmes GL, White SL, Barry JM. Optogenetic "low-theta" pacing of the septohippocampal circuit is sufficient for spatial goal finding and is influenced by behavioral state and cognitive demand. Hippocampus 2020; 30:1167-1193. [PMID: 32710688 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal theta oscillations show prominent changes in frequency and amplitude depending on behavioral state or cognitive demands. How these dynamic changes in theta oscillations contribute to the spatial and temporal organization of hippocampal cells, and ultimately behavior, remain unclear. We used low-theta frequency optogenetic stimulation to pace coordination of cellular and network activity between the medial septum (MS) and hippocampus during baseline and MS stimulation while rats were at rest or performing a spatial accuracy task with a visible or hidden goal zone. Hippocampal receptivity to pan-neuronal septal stimulation at low-theta frequency was primarily determined by speed and secondarily by task demands. Competition between artificial and endogenous field potentials at theta frequency attenuated hippocampal phase preference relative to local theta, but the spike-timing activity of hippocampal pyramidal cells was effectively driven by artificial septal output, particularly during the hidden goal task. Notwithstanding temporal reorganization by artificial theta stimulation, place field properties were unchanged and alterations to spatial behavior were limited to goal zone approximation. Our results indicate that even a low-theta frequency timing signal in the septohippocampal circuit is sufficient for spatial goal finding behavior. The results also advance a mechanistic understanding of how endogenous or artificial somatodendritic timing signals relate to displacement computations during navigation and spatial memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe R Mouchati
- Epilepsy Cognition and Development Group, Department of Neurological Sciences, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Michelle L Kloc
- Epilepsy Cognition and Development Group, Department of Neurological Sciences, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Gregory L Holmes
- Epilepsy Cognition and Development Group, Department of Neurological Sciences, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Sheryl L White
- Epilepsy Cognition and Development Group, Department of Neurological Sciences, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Jeremy M Barry
- Epilepsy Cognition and Development Group, Department of Neurological Sciences, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
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44
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Cross-Frequency Phase-Amplitude Coupling between Hippocampal Theta and Gamma Oscillations during Recall Destabilizes Memory and Renders It Susceptible to Reconsolidation Disruption. J Neurosci 2020; 40:6398-6408. [PMID: 32661022 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0259-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Avoidance memory reactivation at recall triggers theta-gamma hippocampal phase amplitude coupling (hPAC) only when it elicits hippocampus-dependent reconsolidation. However, it is not known whether there is a causal relationship between these phenomena. We found that in adult male Wistar rats, silencing the medial septum during recall did not affect avoidance memory expression or maintenance but abolished hPAC and the amnesia caused by the intrahippocampal administration of reconsolidation blockers, both of which were restored by concomitant theta burst stimulation of the fimbria-fornix pathway. Remarkably, artificial hPAC generated by fimbria-fornix stimulation during recall of a learned avoidance response naturally resistant to hippocampus-dependent reconsolidation made it susceptible to reactivation-dependent amnesia. Our results indicate that hPAC mediates the destabilization required for avoidance memory reconsolidation and suggest that the generation of artificial hPAC at recall overcomes the boundary conditions of this process.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Theta-gamma hippocampal phase-amplitude coupling (hPAC) increases during the induction of hippocampus-dependent avoidance memory reconsolidation. However, whether hPAC plays a causal role in this process remains unknown. Using behavioral, electrophysiological, optogenetic, and biochemical tools in adult male Wistar rats, we demonstrate that reactivation-induced hPAC is necessary for avoidance memory destabilization, and that artificial induction of this patterned activity during recall of reconsolidation-resistant aversive memories renders them liable to the amnesic effect of reconsolidation inhibitors.
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45
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Jafari Z, Kolb BE, Mohajerani MH. Neural oscillations and brain stimulation in Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 194:101878. [PMID: 32615147 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with alterations in cognitive processing and brain neurophysiology. Whereas the primary symptom of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is memory problems greater than normal for age and education, patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) show impairments in other cognitive domains in addition to memory dysfunction. Resting-state electroencephalography (rsEEG) studies in physiological aging indicate a global increase in low-frequency oscillations' power and the reduction and slowing of alpha activity. The enhancement of slow and the reduction of fast oscillations, and the disruption of brain functional connectivity, however, are characterized as major rsEEG changes in AD. Recent rodent studies also support human evidence of age- and AD-related changes in resting-state brain oscillations, and the neuroprotective effect of brain stimulation techniques through gamma-band stimulations. Cumulatively, current evidence moves toward optimizing rsEEG features as reliable predictors of people with aMCI at risk for conversion to AD and mapping neural alterations subsequent to brain stimulation therapies. The present paper reviews the latest evidence of changes in rsEEG oscillations in physiological aging, aMCI, and AD, as well as findings of various brain stimulation therapies from both human and non-human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jafari
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Bryan E Kolb
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada.
| | - Majid H Mohajerani
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada.
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46
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Furtunato AMB, Lobão-Soares B, Tort ABL, Belchior H. Specific Increase of Hippocampal Delta Oscillations Across Consecutive Treadmill Runs. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:101. [PMID: 32676013 PMCID: PMC7333663 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Running speed affects theta (6-10 Hz) oscillations, the most prominent rhythm in the rat hippocampus. Many reports have found a strong positive correlation between locomotion speed and the amplitude and frequency of theta oscillations. However, less is known about how other rhythms such as delta (0.5-4 Hz) and gamma (25-100 Hz) are affected, and how consecutive runs impact oscillatory activity in hippocampal networks. Here, we investigated whether the successive execution of short-term runs modulates local field potentials (LFPs) in the rat hippocampus. To do this, we trained Long-Evans rats to perform voluntary 15-s runs at 30 cm/s on a treadmill placed on the central stem of an eight-shape maze, in which they subsequently performed a spatial alternation task. We bilaterally recorded CA1 LFPs while rats executed at least 35 runs on the treadmill-maze apparatus. Within running periods, we observed progressive increases in delta band power along with decreases in the power of the theta and gamma bands across runs. Concurrently, the inter-hemispheric phase coherence in the delta band significantly increased, while in the theta and gamma bands exhibited no changes. Delta power and inter-hemispheric coherence correlated better with the trial number than with the actual running speed. We observed no significant differences in running speed, head direction, nor in spatial occupancy across runs. Our results thus show that consecutive treadmill runs at the same speed positively modulates the power and coherence of delta oscillations in the rat hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M. B. Furtunato
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Psychobiology Graduate Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lobão-Soares
- Psychobiology Graduate Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Hindiael Belchior
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Psychobiology Graduate Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairí, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Center for Memory & Brain, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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47
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Ahnaou A, Broadbelt T, Biermans R, Huysmans H, Manyakov NV, Drinkenburg WHIM. The phosphodiesterase-4 and glycine transporter-1 inhibitors enhance in vivo hippocampal theta network connectivity and synaptic plasticity, whereas D-serine does not. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:197. [PMID: 32555167 PMCID: PMC7303193 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00875-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) have been associated with deficits in synaptic plasticity and cognition found in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and schizophrenia. Therapeutic approaches that indirectly enhance NMDAR function through increases in glycine and/or D-serine levels as well as inhibition of phosphodiesterases that reduces degradation of cAMP, are expected to enhance synaptic strength, connectivity and to potentially impact cognition processes. The present in vivo study investigated effects of subcutaneous administration of D-serine, the glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1) inhibitor SSR504734 and the PDE4 inhibitor rolipram, on network oscillations, connectivity and long-term potentiation (LTP) at the hippocampi circuits in Sprague-Dawley rats. In conscious animals, multichannel EEG recordings assessed network oscillations and connectivity at frontal and hippocampal CA1-CA3 circuits. Under urethane anaesthesia, field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) were measured in the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus after high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the Schaffer collateral-CA1 (SC) pathway. SSR504734 and rolipram significantly increased slow theta oscillations (4-6.5 Hz) at the CA1-CA3, slow gamma oscillations (30-50 Hz) in the frontal areas and enhanced coherence in the CA1-CA3 network, which were dissociated from motor behaviour. SSR504734 enhanced short-term potentiation (STP) and fEPSP responses were extended into LTP response, whereas the potentiation of EPSP slope was short-lived to STP with rolipram. Unlike glycine, increased levels of D-serine had no effect on network oscillations and limits the LTP induction and expression. The present data support a facilitating role of glycine and cAMP on network oscillations and synaptic efficacy at the CA3-CA1 circuit in rats, whereas raising endogenous D-serine levels had no such beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Ahnaou
- grid.419619.20000 0004 0623 0341Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - T. Broadbelt
- grid.419619.20000 0004 0623 0341Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - R. Biermans
- grid.419619.20000 0004 0623 0341Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - H. Huysmans
- grid.419619.20000 0004 0623 0341Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - N. V. Manyakov
- grid.419619.20000 0004 0623 0341Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - W. H. I. M. Drinkenburg
- grid.419619.20000 0004 0623 0341Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
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48
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Petersen PC, Buzsáki G. Cooling of Medial Septum Reveals Theta Phase Lag Coordination of Hippocampal Cell Assemblies. Neuron 2020; 107:731-744.e3. [PMID: 32526196 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal theta oscillations coordinate neuronal firing to support memory and spatial navigation. The medial septum (MS) is critical in theta generation by two possible mechanisms: either a unitary "pacemaker" timing signal is imposed on the hippocampal system, or it may assist in organizing target subcircuits within the phase space of theta oscillations. We used temperature manipulation of the MS to test these models. Cooling of the MS reduced both theta frequency and power and was associated with an enhanced incidence of errors in a spatial navigation task, but it did not affect spatial correlates of neurons. MS cooling decreased theta frequency oscillations of place cells and reduced distance-time compression but preserved distance-phase compression of place field sequences within the theta cycle. Thus, the septum is critical for sustaining precise theta phase coordination of cell assemblies in the hippocampal system, a mechanism needed for spatial memory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - György Buzsáki
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Neurology, NYU Langone, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA; Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
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49
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Goyal A, Miller J, Qasim SE, Watrous AJ, Zhang H, Stein JM, Inman CS, Gross RE, Willie JT, Lega B, Lin JJ, Sharan A, Wu C, Sperling MR, Sheth SA, McKhann GM, Smith EH, Schevon C, Jacobs J. Functionally distinct high and low theta oscillations in the human hippocampus. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2469. [PMID: 32424312 PMCID: PMC7235253 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15670-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on rodent models, researchers have theorized that the hippocampus supports episodic memory and navigation via the theta oscillation, a ~4-10 Hz rhythm that coordinates brain-wide neural activity. However, recordings from humans have indicated that hippocampal theta oscillations are lower in frequency and less prevalent than in rodents, suggesting interspecies differences in theta's function. To characterize human hippocampal theta, we examine the properties of theta oscillations throughout the anterior-posterior length of the hippocampus as neurosurgical subjects performed a virtual spatial navigation task. During virtual movement, we observe hippocampal oscillations at multiple frequencies from 2 to 14 Hz. The posterior hippocampus prominently displays oscillations at ~8-Hz and the precise frequency of these oscillations correlates with the speed of movement, implicating these signals in spatial navigation. We also observe slower ~3 Hz oscillations, but these signals are more prevalent in the anterior hippocampus and their frequency does not vary with movement speed. Our results converge with recent findings to suggest an updated view of human hippocampal electrophysiology. Rather than one hippocampal theta oscillation with a single general role, high- and low-frequency theta oscillations, respectively, may reflect spatial and non-spatial cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Goyal
- Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jonathan Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Salman E Qasim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | | | - Honghui Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Joel M Stein
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Cory S Inman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Robert E Gross
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jon T Willie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Bradley Lega
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jui-Jui Lin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ashwini Sharan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 9107, USA
- Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chengyuan Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 9107, USA
| | - Michael R Sperling
- Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Sameer A Sheth
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Guy M McKhann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Elliot H Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Catherine Schevon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Joshua Jacobs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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Shunting Inhibition Improves Synchronization in Heterogeneous Inhibitory Interneuronal Networks with Type 1 Excitability Whereas Hyperpolarizing Inhibition Is Better for Type 2 Excitability. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0464-19.2020. [PMID: 32198159 PMCID: PMC7210489 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0464-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
All-to-all homogeneous networks of inhibitory neurons synchronize completely under the right conditions; however, many modeling studies have shown that biological levels of heterogeneity disrupt synchrony. Our fundamental scientific question is “how can neurons maintain partial synchrony in the presence of heterogeneity and noise?” A particular subset of strongly interconnected interneurons, the PV+ fast-spiking (FS) basket neurons, are strongly implicated in γ oscillations and in phase locking of nested γ oscillations to theta. Their excitability type apparently varies between brain regions: in CA1 and the dentate gyrus they have type 1 excitability, meaning that they can fire arbitrarily slowly, whereas in the striatum and cortex they have type 2 excitability, meaning that there is a frequency thresh old below which they cannot sustain repetitive firing. We constrained the models to study the effect of excitability type (more precisely bifurcation type) in isolation from all other factors. We use sparsely connected, heterogeneous, noisy networks with synaptic delays to show that synchronization properties, namely the resistance to suppression and the strength of theta phase to γ amplitude coupling, are strongly dependent on the pairing of excitability type with the type of inhibition. Shunting inhibition performs better for type 1 and hyperpolarizing inhibition for type 2. γ Oscillations and their nesting within theta oscillations are thought to subserve cognitive functions like memory encoding and recall; therefore, it is important to understand the contribution of intrinsic properties to these rhythms.
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