1
|
Chen H, Wusiman Y, Zhao J, Zhang W, Liu W, Wang S, Qian G, Zhang G, Le M, Dong X. Metabolomics analysis revealed the neuroprotective role of 2-phosphoglyceric acid in hypoxic-ischemic brain damage through GPX4/ACSL4 axis regulation. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 971:176539. [PMID: 38565342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is a cerebral injury resulting from the combination of ischemia and hypoxia in neonatal brain tissue. Presently, there exists no efficacious remedy for HIBD. A mounting body of evidence indicates that dynamic metabolites formed during metabolic procedures assume a vital role in neuronal maturation and recuperation. However, it remains unclear whether any endogenous metabolites are involved in the pathogenesis of HIBD. Here, an untargeted metabolomics analysis was conducted by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/LC-MS) in OGD/R (oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation)-induced HT-22 cells. We observed that ferroptosis signaling plays an essential role in HI-induced neuronal injury. Interestingly, we also found that the differentially expressed metabolite, 2-phosphoglyceric acid, significantly improved the neuronal cell survival of OGD/R HT-22 cells by inhibiting ferroptosis. Moreover, 2-phosphoglyceric acid effectively rescued the cell activity of HT-22 cells treated with the ferroptosis inducer RSL-3. Furthermore, 2-phosphoglyceric acid alleviated cerebral infarction and reduced HIBD-induced neuronal cell loss of the central nervous system in neonatal rats by regulating GPX4 expression. Taken together, we found that 2-phosphoglyceric acid, which was downregulated in HT-22 cells induced by OGD/R, exerted neuronal protective effects on OGD/R-treated HT-22 cells and HIBD-induced neonatal rats by inhibiting hypoxic-ischemic-induced ferroptosis through the regulation of the GPX4/ACSL4 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haocong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Yimingjiang Wusiman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Shuyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Gang Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Guangming Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
| | - Meini Le
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
| | - Xiaohua Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China; Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ramírez-Guerrero S, Guardo-Maya S, Medina-Rincón GJ, Orrego-González EE, Cabezas-Pérez R, González-Reyes RE. Taurine and Astrocytes: A Homeostatic and Neuroprotective Relationship. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:937789. [PMID: 35866158 PMCID: PMC9294388 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.937789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine is considered the most abundant free amino acid in the brain. Even though there are endogenous mechanisms for taurine production in neural cells, an exogenous supply of taurine is required to meet physiological needs. Taurine is required for optimal postnatal brain development; however, its brain concentration decreases with age. Synthesis of taurine in the central nervous system (CNS) occurs predominantly in astrocytes. A metabolic coupling between astrocytes and neurons has been reported, in which astrocytes provide neurons with hypotaurine as a substrate for taurine production. Taurine has antioxidative, osmoregulatory, and anti-inflammatory functions, among other cytoprotective properties. Astrocytes release taurine as a gliotransmitter, promoting both extracellular and intracellular effects in neurons. The extracellular effects include binding to neuronal GABAA and glycine receptors, with subsequent cellular hyperpolarization, and attenuation of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA)-mediated glutamate excitotoxicity. Taurine intracellular effects are directed toward calcium homeostatic pathway, reducing calcium overload and thus preventing excitotoxicity, mitochondrial stress, and apoptosis. However, several physiological aspects of taurine remain unclear, such as the existence or not of a specific taurine receptor. Therefore, further research is needed not only in astrocytes and neurons, but also in other glial cells in order to fully comprehend taurine metabolism and function in the brain. Nonetheless, astrocyte’s role in taurine-induced neuroprotective functions should be considered as a promising therapeutic target of several neuroinflammatory, neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases in the near future. This review provides an overview of the significant relationship between taurine and astrocytes, as well as its homeostatic and neuroprotective role in the nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Ramírez-Guerrero
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias (NeURos), Centro de Neurociencias Neurovitae-UR, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional (IMT), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Santiago Guardo-Maya
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias (NeURos), Centro de Neurociencias Neurovitae-UR, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional (IMT), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Germán J. Medina-Rincón
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias (NeURos), Centro de Neurociencias Neurovitae-UR, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional (IMT), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Eduardo E. Orrego-González
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias (NeURos), Centro de Neurociencias Neurovitae-UR, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional (IMT), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ricardo Cabezas-Pérez
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas GRINCIBIO, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rodrigo E. González-Reyes
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias (NeURos), Centro de Neurociencias Neurovitae-UR, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional (IMT), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- *Correspondence: Rodrigo E. González-Reyes,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Taurine Supplementation as a Neuroprotective Strategy upon Brain Dysfunction in Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061292. [PMID: 35334949 PMCID: PMC8952284 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, type 2 diabetes, and their associated comorbidities impact brain metabolism and function and constitute risk factors for cognitive impairment. Alterations to taurine homeostasis can impact a number of biological processes, such as osmolarity control, calcium homeostasis, and inhibitory neurotransmission, and have been reported in both metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. Models of neurodegenerative disorders show reduced brain taurine concentrations. On the other hand, models of insulin-dependent diabetes, insulin resistance, and diet-induced obesity display taurine accumulation in the hippocampus. Given the possible cytoprotective actions of taurine, such cerebral accumulation of taurine might constitute a compensatory mechanism that attempts to prevent neurodegeneration. The present article provides an overview of brain taurine homeostasis and reviews the mechanisms by which taurine can afford neuroprotection in individuals with obesity and diabetes. We conclude that further research is needed for understanding taurine homeostasis in metabolic disorders with an impact on brain function.
Collapse
|
4
|
Francisco EDS, Mendes-da-Silva RF, de Castro CBL, Soares GDSF, Guedes RCA. Taurine/Pilocarpine Interaction in the Malnourished Rat Brain: A Behavioral, Electrophysiological, and Immunohistochemical Analysis. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:981. [PMID: 31619952 PMCID: PMC6759493 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the possible protective role of taurine on anxiety-like behavior, brain electrical activity and glial cell immunoreactivity in well-nourished and malnourished rats that were treated with a subconvulsing dose of pilocarpine. Newborn Wistar rats were subjected to normal or unfavorable lactation conditions, represented by the suckling of litters with 9 or 15 pups, resulting in well-nourished and malnourished animals, respectively. Each nutritional group was split into five subgroups that were treated from postnatal day (PND) 35 to 55 with 300 mg/kg/day of taurine + 45 mg/kg/day of pilocarpine (group T + P), taurine only (group T), pilocarpine only (group P), vehicle control (group V), or not treated control (group naïve; Nv). At PND56-58, the groups were subjected to the elevated plus-maze behavioral tests. Glycemia was measured on PND59. Between PND60 and PND65, the cortical spreading depression (CSD) was recorded in the cerebral cortex, and the levels of malondialdehyde and microglial and astrocyte immunoreactivity were evaluated in the cortex and hippocampus. Our data indicate that treatment with taurine and pilocarpine resulted in anxiolytic-like and anxiogenic behavior, respectively, and that nutritional deficiency modulated these effects. Both treatments decelerated CSD propagation and modulated GFAP- and Iba1-containing glial cells. Pilocarpine reduced body weight and glycemia, and administration of taurine was not able to attenuate the effects of pilocarpine. The molecular mechanisms underlying taurine action on behavioral and electrophysiological parameters in the normal and altered brain remain to be further explored.
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang G, Liu Q, Guo L, Zeng H, Ding C, Zhang W, Xu D, Wang X, Qiu J, Dong Q, Fan Z, Zhang Q, Pan J. Gut Microbiota and Relevant Metabolites Analysis in Alcohol Dependent Mice. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1874. [PMID: 30158912 PMCID: PMC6104187 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol abuse is a major public health crisis. Relative evidences supported that the gut microbiota (GM) played an important role in central nervous system (CNS) function, and the composition of them had changed after alcohol drinking. We sought to explore the changes of GM in alcohol dependence. In our study, the GM of mice with alcohol administration was detected through analyzed 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the fecal metabolites were analyzed by LC-MS. The microbial diversity was significantly higher in the alcohol administration group, the abundance of phylum Firmicutes and its class Clostridiales were elevated, meanwhile the abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Alistipes, and Odoribacter showed significant differences among the three groups. Based on LC-MS results, bile acid, secondary bile acid, serotonin and taurine level had varying degrees of changes in alcohol model. From paraffin sections, tissue damage was observed in liver and colon. These findings provide direct evidence that alcohol intake affects the composition of GM, enable a better understanding of the function of GM in the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis, and give a new thought for alcohol addiction treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanhao Wang
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Liu
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Liang Guo
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Haijuan Zeng
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengchao Ding
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentong Zhang
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongpo Xu
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingxuan Qiu
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingli Dong
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziquan Fan
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Pan
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cao X, Hua X, Wang X, Chen L. Exposure of pregnant mice to triclosan impairs placental development and nutrient transport. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44803. [PMID: 28322267 PMCID: PMC5359620 DOI: 10.1038/srep44803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is associated with spontaneous abortions and fetal growth restriction. Here, we showed that when pregnant mice were treated with 8 mg/kg TCS (8-TCS mice) on gestational days (GD) 6–18 fetal body weights were lower than controls. Placental weights and volumes were reduced in 8-TCS mice. The placental proliferative cells and expression of PCNA and Cyclin D3 on GD13 were remarkably decreased in 8-TCS mice. The decreases in activities and expression of placental System A amino acid or glucose transporters on GD14 and GD17 were observed in 8-TCS mice. Levels of serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) were lower in 8-TCS mice than those in controls. Declines of placental Akt, mTOR and P70S6K phosphorylation in 8-TCS mice were corrected by L-thyroxinein (T4). Treating 8-TCS mice with T4 rescued the placental cell proliferation and recovered the activity and expression of amino acid and glucose transporters, which were sensitive to mTOR inhibition by rapamycin. Furthermore, the replacement of T4 could rescue the decrease in fetal body weight, which was blocked by rapamycin. These findings indicate that TCS-induced hypothyroxinemia in gestation mice through reducing Akt-mTOR signaling may impair placental development and nutrient transfer leading to decreases in fetal body weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Cao
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xu Hua
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is widely distributed in animal tissues and has
diverse pharmacological effects. However, the role of taurine in modulating smooth
muscle contractility is still controversial. We propose that taurine (5-80 mM) can
exert bidirectional modulation on the contractility of isolated rat jejunal segments.
Different low and high contractile states were induced in isolated jejunal segments
of rats to observe the effects of taurine and the associated mechanisms. Taurine
induced stimulatory effects on the contractility of isolated rat jejunal segments at
3 different low contractile states, and inhibitory effects at 3 different high
contractile states. Bidirectional modulation was not observed in the presence of
verapamil or tetrodotoxin, suggesting that taurine-induced bidirectional modulation
is Ca2+ dependent and requires the presence of the enteric nervous system.
The stimulatory effects of taurine on the contractility of isolated jejunal segments
was blocked by atropine but not by diphenhydramine or by cimetidine, suggesting that
muscarinic-linked activation was involved in the stimulatory effects when isolated
jejunal segments were in a low contractile state. The inhibitory effects of taurine
on the contractility of isolated jejunal segments were blocked by propranolol and
L-NG-nitroarginine but not by phentolamine, suggesting that adrenergic β receptors
and a nitric oxide relaxing mechanism were involved when isolated jejunal segments
were in high contractile states. No bidirectional effects of taurine on myosin
phosphorylation were observed. The contractile states of jejunal segments determine
taurine-induced stimulatory or inhibitory effects, which are associated with
muscarinic receptors and adrenergic β receptors, and a nitric oxide associated
relaxing mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Q Y Yao
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - D P Chen
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - D M Ye
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Y P Diao
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Y Lin
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine enhances kainic acid convulsive susceptibility. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 54:231-42. [PMID: 24977329 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Kainic acid (KA) causes seizures and neuronal loss in the hippocampus. The present study investigated whether a recreational schedule of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) favours the development of a seizure state in a model of KA-induced epilepsy and potentiates the toxicity profile of KA (20 or 30mg/kg). Adolescent male C57BL/6 mice received saline or MDMA t.i.d. (s.c. every 3h), on 1day a week, for 4 consecutive weeks. Twenty-four hours after the last MDMA exposure, the animals were injected with saline or KA (20 or 30mg/kg). After this injection, we evaluated seizures, hippocampal neuronal cell death, microgliosis, astrogliosis, and calcium binding proteins. MDMA pretreatment, by itself, did not induce neuronal damage but increased seizure susceptibility in all KA treatments and potentiated the presence of Fluoro-Jade-positive cells in CA1. Furthermore, MDMA, like KA, significantly decreased parvalbumin levels in CA1 and dentate gyrus, where it potentiated the effects of KA. The amphetamine derivative also promoted a transient decrease in calbindin and calretinin levels, indicative of an abnormal neuronal discharge. In addition, treatment of cortical neurons with MDMA (10-50μM) for 6 or 48h significantly increased basal Ca(2+), reduced basal Na(+) levels and potentiated kainate response. These results indicate that MDMA potentiates KA-induced neurodegeneration and also increases KA seizure susceptibility. The mechanism proposed includes changes in Calcium Binding Proteins expression, probably due to the disruption of intracellular ionic homeostasis, or/and an indirect effect through glutamate release.
Collapse
|
9
|
Electrographic seizures are significantly reduced by in vivo inhibition of neuronal uptake of extracellular glutamine in rat hippocampus. Epilepsy Res 2013; 107:20-36. [PMID: 24070846 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rats were given unilateral kainate injection into hippocampal CA3 region, and the effect of chronic electrographic seizures on extracellular glutamine (GLNECF) was examined in those with low and steady levels of extracellular glutamate (GLUECF). GLNECF, collected by microdialysis in awake rats for 5h, decreased to 62±4.4% of the initial concentration (n=6). This change correlated with the frequency and magnitude of seizure activity, and occurred in the ipsilateral but not in contralateral hippocampus, nor in kainate-injected rats that did not undergo seizure (n=6). Hippocampal intracellular GLN did not differ between the Seizure and No-Seizure Groups. These results suggested an intriguing possibility that seizure-induced decrease of GLNECF reflects not decreased GLN efflux into the extracellular fluid, but increased uptake into neurons. To examine this possibility, neuronal uptake of GLNECF was inhibited in vivo by intrahippocampal perfusion of 2-(methylamino)isobutyrate, a competitive and reversible inhibitor of the sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter (SNAT) subtypes 1 and 2, as demonstrated by 1.8±0.17 fold elevation of GLNECF (n=7). The frequency of electrographic seizures during uptake inhibition was reduced to 35±7% (n=7) of the frequency in pre-perfusion period, and returned to 88±9% in the post-perfusion period. These novel in vivo results strongly suggest that, in this well-established animal model of temporal-lobe epilepsy, the observed seizure-induced decrease of GLNECF reflects its increased uptake into neurons to sustain enhanced glutamatergic epileptiform activity, thereby demonstrating a possible new target for anti-seizure therapies.
Collapse
|
10
|
Protective effect of taurine on triorthocresyl phosphate (TOCP)-induced cytotoxicity in C6 glioma cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 776:231-40. [PMID: 23392886 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6093-0_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Triorthocresyl phosphate (TOCP) an organophosphorus ester can cause neurotoxicity via oxidative stress pathway. Taurine is an antioxidant. The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effect of taurine on TOCP-induced cytotoxicity in C6 glioma cell. The C6 glioma cells were pretreated with 0, 1, 3, and 9 mM of taurine for 30 min prior to 1 mM TOCP treatment. After 48 h, cell survival was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. The content of glutathione (GSH) and the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were also analyzed by kits. Our results showed that survival of the glioma cells decreased in the group treated with TOCP alone and increased significantly in the groups pretreated with taurine in a concentration-dependent manner. TOCP induced decrease in the activity of GPx and the content of GSH. However, taurine prevented these decreases. Our results suggested that taurine has protective effect on TOCP-induced toxicity to glioma cells via elevating antioxidant capacity.
Collapse
|
11
|
Potokar M, Vardjan N, Stenovec M, Gabrijel M, Trkov S, Jorgačevski J, Kreft M, Zorec R. Astrocytic vesicle mobility in health and disease. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:11238-58. [PMID: 23712361 PMCID: PMC3709730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140611238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are no longer considered subservient to neurons, and are, instead, now understood to play an active role in brain signaling. The intercellular communication of astrocytes with neurons and other non-neuronal cells involves the exchange of molecules by exocytotic and endocytotic processes through the trafficking of intracellular vesicles. Recent studies of single vesicle mobility in astrocytes have prompted new views of how astrocytes contribute to information processing in nervous tissue. Here, we review the trafficking of several types of membrane-bound vesicles that are specifically involved in the processes of (i) intercellular communication by gliotransmitters (glutamate, adenosine 5′-triphosphate, atrial natriuretic peptide), (ii) plasma membrane exchange of transporters and receptors (EAAT2, MHC-II), and (iii) the involvement of vesicle mobility carrying aquaporins (AQP4) in water homeostasis. The properties of vesicle traffic in astrocytes are discussed in respect to networking with neighboring cells in physiologic and pathologic conditions, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and states in which astrocytes contribute to neuroinflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Potokar
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; E-Mails: (M.P.); (N.V.); (M.S.); (M.G.); (S.T.); (J.J.); (M.K.)
- Celica Biomedical Center, Tehnološki park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Vardjan
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; E-Mails: (M.P.); (N.V.); (M.S.); (M.G.); (S.T.); (J.J.); (M.K.)
- Celica Biomedical Center, Tehnološki park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Stenovec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; E-Mails: (M.P.); (N.V.); (M.S.); (M.G.); (S.T.); (J.J.); (M.K.)
- Celica Biomedical Center, Tehnološki park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Gabrijel
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; E-Mails: (M.P.); (N.V.); (M.S.); (M.G.); (S.T.); (J.J.); (M.K.)
- Celica Biomedical Center, Tehnološki park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Saša Trkov
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; E-Mails: (M.P.); (N.V.); (M.S.); (M.G.); (S.T.); (J.J.); (M.K.)
- Celica Biomedical Center, Tehnološki park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Jorgačevski
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; E-Mails: (M.P.); (N.V.); (M.S.); (M.G.); (S.T.); (J.J.); (M.K.)
- Celica Biomedical Center, Tehnološki park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Kreft
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; E-Mails: (M.P.); (N.V.); (M.S.); (M.G.); (S.T.); (J.J.); (M.K.)
- Celica Biomedical Center, Tehnološki park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; E-Mails: (M.P.); (N.V.); (M.S.); (M.G.); (S.T.); (J.J.); (M.K.)
- Celica Biomedical Center, Tehnološki park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +386-1543-7020; Fax: +386-1543-7036
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Differential cognitive effects of energy drink ingredients: caffeine, taurine, and glucose. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 102:569-77. [PMID: 22819803 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Energy drinks containing caffeine, taurine, and glucose may improve mood and cognitive performance. However, there are no studies assessing the individual and interactive effects of these ingredients. We evaluated the effects of caffeine, taurine, and glucose alone and in combination on cognitive performance and mood in 24-hour caffeine-abstained habitual caffeine consumers. Using a randomized, double-blind, mixed design, 48 habitual caffeine consumers (18 male, 30 female) who were 24-hour caffeine deprived received one of four treatments (200 mg caffeine/0 mg taurine, 0 mg caffeine/2000 mg taurine, 200 mg caffeine/2000 mg taurine, 0 mg caffeine/0 mg taurine), on each of four separate days, separated by a 3-day wash-out period. Between-participants treatment was a glucose drink (50 g glucose, placebo). Salivary cortisol, mood and heart rate were measured. An attention task was administered 30-minutes post-treatment, followed by a working memory and reaction time task 60-minutes post-treatment. Caffeine enhanced executive control and working memory, and reduced simple and choice reaction time. Taurine increased choice reaction time but reduced reaction time in the working memory tasks. Glucose alone slowed choice reaction time. Glucose in combination with caffeine, enhanced object working memory and in combination with taurine, enhanced orienting attention. Limited glucose effects may reflect low task difficulty relative to subjects' cognitive ability. Caffeine reduced feelings of fatigue and increased tension and vigor. Taurine reversed the effects of caffeine on vigor and caffeine-withdrawal symptoms. No effects were found for salivary cortisol or heart rate. Caffeine, not taurine or glucose, is likely responsible for reported changes in cognitive performance following consumption of energy drinks, especially in caffeine-withdrawn habitual caffeine consumers.
Collapse
|
13
|
Vardjan N, Gabrijel M, Potokar M, Svajger U, Kreft M, Jeras M, de Pablo Y, Faiz M, Pekny M, Zorec R. IFN-γ-induced increase in the mobility of MHC class II compartments in astrocytes depends on intermediate filaments. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:144. [PMID: 22734718 PMCID: PMC3423045 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In immune-mediated diseases of the central nervous system, astrocytes exposed to interferon-γ (IFN-γ) can express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules and antigens on their surface. MHC class II molecules are thought to be delivered to the cell surface by membrane-bound vesicles. However, the characteristics and dynamics of this vesicular traffic are unclear, particularly in reactive astrocytes, which overexpress intermediate filament (IF) proteins that may affect trafficking. The aim of this study was to determine the mobility of MHC class II vesicles in wild-type (WT) astrocytes and in astrocytes devoid of IFs. Methods The identity of MHC class II compartments in WT and IF-deficient astrocytes 48 h after IFN-γ activation was determined immunocytochemically by using confocal microscopy. Time-lapse confocal imaging and Alexa Fluor546-dextran labeling of late endosomes/lysosomes in IFN-γ treated cells was used to characterize the motion of MHC class II vesicles. The mobility of vesicles was analyzed using ParticleTR software. Results Confocal imaging of primary cultures of WT and IF-deficient astrocytes revealed IFN-γ induced MHC class II expression in late endosomes/lysosomes, which were specifically labeled with Alexa Fluor546-conjugated dextran. Live imaging revealed faster movement of dextran-positive vesicles in IFN-γ-treated than in untreated astrocytes. Vesicle mobility was lower in IFN-γ-treated IF-deficient astrocytes than in WT astrocytes. Thus, the IFN-γ-induced increase in the mobility of MHC class II compartments is IF-dependent. Conclusions Since reactivity of astrocytes is a hallmark of many CNS pathologies, it is likely that the up-regulation of IFs under such conditions allows a faster and therefore a more efficient delivery of MHC class II molecules to the cell surface. In vivo, such regulatory mechanisms may enable antigen-presenting reactive astrocytes to respond rapidly and in a controlled manner to CNS inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Vardjan
- Celica Biomedical Center, Tehnološki Park 24, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fauvelle F, Carpentier P, Dorandeu F, Foquin A, Testylier G. Prediction of Neuroprotective Treatment Efficiency Using a HRMAS NMR-Based Statistical Model of Refractory Status Epilepticus on Mouse: A Metabolomic Approach Supported by Histology. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:3782-95. [DOI: 10.1021/pr300291d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Fauvelle
- Département Effets Biologiques
des Rayonnements, IRBA-CRSSA, La Tronche,
France
| | - Pierre Carpentier
- Département
de Toxicologie
et Risques Chimiques, IRBA-CRSSA, La Tronche,
France
| | - Frederic Dorandeu
- Département
de Toxicologie
et Risques Chimiques, IRBA-CRSSA, La Tronche,
France
- Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, Paris, France
| | - Annie Foquin
- Département
de Toxicologie
et Risques Chimiques, IRBA-CRSSA, La Tronche,
France
| | - Guy Testylier
- Département
de Toxicologie
et Risques Chimiques, IRBA-CRSSA, La Tronche,
France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Exocytosis in astrocytes: transmitter release and membrane signal regulation. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:2351-63. [PMID: 22528833 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0773-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes, a type of glial cells in the brain, are eukaryotic cells, and a hallmark of these are subcellular organelles, such as secretory vesicles. In neurons vesicles play a key role in signaling. Upon a stimulus-an increase in cytosolic concentration of free Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i))-the membrane of vesicle fuses with the presynaptic plasma membrane, allowing the exit of neurotransmitters into the extracellular space and their diffusion to the postsynaptic receptors. For decades it was thought that such vesicle-based mechanisms of gliotransmitter release were not present in astrocytes. However, in the last 30 years experimental evidence showed that astrocytes are endowed with mechanisms for vesicle- and non-vesicle-based gliotransmitter release mechanisms. The aim of this review is to focus on exocytosis, which may play a role in gliotransmission and also in other forms of cell-to-cell communication, such as the delivery of transporters, ion channels and antigen presenting molecules to the cell surface.
Collapse
|
16
|
Haojun Z, Yaoling W, Ke Z, Jin L, Junling W. Effects of NaF on the expression of intracellular Ca2+ fluxes and apoptosis and the antagonism of taurine in murine neuron. Toxicol Mech Methods 2012; 22:305-8. [PMID: 22356551 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2012.657259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sodium fluoride (NaF) has been shown to be cytotoxic and produces inflammatory responses in humans. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying the neurotoxicity of fluoride are unclear. The present study aims to define a possible mechanism of NaF-induced neurotoxicity with respect to apoptosis and intracellular Ca(2+) fluxes. Meanwhile, the cytoprotective role of taurine in intervention, the toxic effects of NaF on neurons, is also investigated. The primary mouse hippocampal neurons were incubated with 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, and 40.0 mg NaF/L in vitro and Kunming mice were exposed to 0.7, 2.8, and 11.2 mg NaF/kg and 7.5 and 15.0 mg taurine/kg in vivo. Intracellular Ca(2+) fluxes and apoptosis were assayed. Compared with the control, the significant differences of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration and apoptotic peaks were found in 5.0-40.0 mg NaF/L groups in vitro (p < 0.01) and in the groups of 0.7-11.2 mg NaF/kg in vivo (p < 0.01). Instantaneously, taurine can minimize F-induced neurotoxicity significantly at doses of 7.5 and 15.0 mg/kg (p < 0.01). The present study herein suggested that NaF could increase intercellular Ca(2+) concentration leading to apoptosis. Meanwhile, taurine could minimize neurotoxicity caused by fluoride through decreasing intercellular Ca(2+) concentration and cell apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Haojun
- People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Llorente R, Villa P, Marco E, Viveros M. Analyzing the effects of a single episode of neonatal maternal deprivation on metabolite profiles in rat brain: a proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Neuroscience 2012; 201:12-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
18
|
Le-Corronc H, Rigo JM, Branchereau P, Legendre P. GABA(A) receptor and glycine receptor activation by paracrine/autocrine release of endogenous agonists: more than a simple communication pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2011; 44:28-52. [PMID: 21547557 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-011-8185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
It is a common and widely accepted assumption that glycine and GABA are the main inhibitory transmitters in the central nervous system (CNS). But, in the past 20 years, several studies have clearly demonstrated that these amino acids can also be excitatory in the immature central nervous system. In addition, it is now established that both GABA receptors (GABARs) and glycine receptors (GlyRs) can be located extrasynaptically and can be activated by paracrine release of endogenous agonists, such as GABA, glycine, and taurine. Recently, non-synaptic release of GABA, glycine, and taurine gained further attention with increasing evidence suggesting a developmental role of these neurotransmitters in neuronal network formation before and during synaptogenesis. This review summarizes recent knowledge about the non-synaptic activation of GABA(A)Rs and GlyRs, both in developing and adult CNS. We first present studies that reveal the functional specialization of both non-synaptic GABA(A)Rs and GlyRs and we discuss the neuronal versus non-neuronal origin of the paracrine release of GABA(A)R and GlyR agonists. We then discuss the proposed non-synaptic release mechanisms and/or pathways for GABA, glycine, and taurine. Finally, we summarize recent data about the various roles of non-synaptic GABAergic and glycinergic systems during the development of neuronal networks and in the adult.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Herve Le-Corronc
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U952, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7224, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 9 quai Saint Bernard, Paris, Ile de France, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|