1
|
Klotz LV, Casjens S, Johnen G, Taeger D, Brik A, Eichhorn F, Förster L, Kaiser N, Muley T, Stolp C, Schneider M, Gleichenhagen J, Brüning T, Winter H, Eichhorn M, Weber DG. Combination of calretinin, MALAT1, and GAS5 as a potential prognostic biomarker to predict disease progression in surgically treated mesothelioma patients. Lung Cancer 2024; 192:107802. [PMID: 38692217 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2024.107802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of cytoreductive surgery for epithelioid pleural mesothelioma within a multimodal treatment approach remains controversial. Carefully selected patients benefit from cytoreductive surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy, but there is no established biomarker to predict tumor recurrence or progression during the course of the disease. The aim of this study was to identify potential biomarkers to predict therapeutic response in terms of progression-free survival. METHODS Between 03/2014 and 08/2022, preoperative blood samples were collected from 76 patients with epithelioid pleural mesothelioma who underwent cytoreductive surgery as part of a multimodal treatment approach. Identification of potential biomarkers was performed by determination of mesothelin and calretinin, as well as specific long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs. Receiver operating characteristic analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and Cox regression were used to assess the association between biomarker concentrations and patient recurrence status and survival. RESULTS MALAT1, GAS5, and calretinin showed statistically significant increased biomarker levels in patients with recurrence in contrast to recurrence-free patients after surgical treatment (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0190, and p = 0.0068, respectively). The combination of the three biomarkers resulted in a sensitivity of 68 % and a specificity of 89 %. CONCLUSION MALAT1, GAS5, and calretinin could be potential biomarkers for the prediction of tumor recurrence, improving the benefit from multimodal treatment including cytoreductive surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura V Klotz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Roentgenstraße 1, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (TLRC), Germany; Division of Molecular Thoracic Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Swaantje Casjens
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Georg Johnen
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Dirk Taeger
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Alexander Brik
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Florian Eichhorn
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Roentgenstraße 1, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (TLRC), Germany
| | - Laura Förster
- Section for Translational Research, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Roentgenstraße 1, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina Kaiser
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Muley
- German Center for Lung Research (TLRC), Germany; Section for Translational Research, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Roentgenstraße 1, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christa Stolp
- Section for Translational Research, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Roentgenstraße 1, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Schneider
- German Center for Lung Research (TLRC), Germany; Section for Translational Research, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Roentgenstraße 1, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Gleichenhagen
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Hauke Winter
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Roentgenstraße 1, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (TLRC), Germany
| | - Martin Eichhorn
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Roentgenstraße 1, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (TLRC), Germany
| | - Daniel G Weber
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pabbaraju S, Boddeda KR, Sankurathree S, Menon I, Rai NP, Nagella SP. Expression of Calretinin Expression in Odontogenic Cysts and Odontogenic Tumors - Original Research. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2024; 16:S227-S229. [PMID: 38595345 PMCID: PMC11001055 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_469_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim The present study was conducted for assessing variability in calretinin expression among odontogenic cysts as well as tumor cases. Materials and Methods Fifteen cases were included in the present research consisting of cases like - dentigerous cyst, odontogenic keratocyst, apical radicular cyst along with tumors like ameloblastoma, ameloblastic carcinoma, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor. Calretinin antibody was used for immunohistochemical staining. The amount of expression of this calretinin was statistically analyzed with the help of Chi-square test where P < 0.05 was considered noteworthy statistically. Results Most cases of ameloblastomas were highly positive for calretinin expression as compared to other cysts and tumors. Therefore, the correlation of this variation of expression of calretinin was statistically noteworthy (P = 0.00). Conclusion In this study, we concluded that for ameloblastomas, calretinin can be a specific marker immunohistochemically and can help in identifying the amount of aggressive spread of various odontogenic tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasulu Pabbaraju
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kondala R. Boddeda
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, KIMS Dental College and Hospital, Amalapuram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Ipseeta Menon
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Sai P. Nagella
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yuce TH, Ak G, Metintas S, Dundar E, Roe OD, Panou V, Metintas M. BAP1, Wilms' tumor 1, and calretinin in predicting survival and response to first-line chemotherapy in patients with pleural mesothelioma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:38. [PMID: 38280040 PMCID: PMC10821830 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05565-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE There are currently no methods to predict response to chemotherapy in pleural mesothelioma (PM). The aim of this study is to investigate the predictive and prognostic role of BAP1, WT1 and calretinin expression and their combinations in pre-treatment tumor samples by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. METHODS The study included consecutive PM patients treated with chemotherapy alone at a University hospital between 2009 and 2020. BAP1 analyses were performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissue samples of the patients, while WT1 and calretinin information were obtained from the histopathological diagnosis records. RESULTS Of the total 107 patients included, 64% had loss of BAP1 expression, whereas 77% had WT1 and 86% had calretinin expression. Patients with the presence of BAP1 expression, one or both of the other two markers, or loss of expression of all three markers (unfavorable status) were more likely to not respond to chemotherapy than those with the presence of all three markers or loss of BAP1 expression and expression of one or two other markers (favorable status) (p = 0.001). Median survival time of patients with favorable and unfavorable status was 15 ± 1.7 and 8.0 ± 2.4 months, respectively (p = 0.027). After adjustment for histopathology and stage, loss of BAP1 (HR = 0.54, 95%CI 0.35-0.83), WT1 (1.75, 1.06-2.90), calretinin (2.09, 1.14-3.84) expression and favourable panel (0.50, 0.27-0.92) was associated with prognosis. CONCLUSIONS The IHC biomarkers BAP1, WT1, and calretinin, used in the routine diagnosis of PM and their combinations, are the first biomarkers associated with response to chemotherapy and may be a useful tool to select patients for first-line platinum pemetrexed treatment in PM patients. Validation in a large cohort is ongoing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuna Han Yuce
- Department of Chest Diseases, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Guntulu Ak
- Department of Chest Diseases, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Eskisehir, Turkey
- Lung and Pleural Cancers Research and Clinical Center, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Selma Metintas
- Lung and Pleural Cancers Research and Clinical Center, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
- Department of Public Health, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Emine Dundar
- Lung and Pleural Cancers Research and Clinical Center, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
- Department of Pathology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Oluf Dimitri Roe
- Department of Oncology, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Vasiliki Panou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Odense Respiratory Research Unit (ODIN), Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Muzaffer Metintas
- Department of Chest Diseases, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Eskisehir, Turkey.
- Lung and Pleural Cancers Research and Clinical Center, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Muza PM, Pérez M, Noy S, Kurosawa M, Katsouri L, Tybulewicz VLJ, Fisher EMC, West SJ. Affordable optical clearing and immunolabelling in mouse brain slices. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:246. [PMID: 37777793 PMCID: PMC10543858 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06511-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional histological analysis is conducted on thin tissue sections, limiting the data capture from large tissue volumes to 2D profiles, and requiring stereological methods for 3D assessment. Recent advances in microscopical and tissue clearing methods have facilitated 3D reconstructions of tissue structure. However, staining of large tissue blocks remains a challenge, often requiring specialised and expensive equipment to clear and immunolabel tissue. Here, we present the Affordable Brain Slice Optical Clearing (ABSOC) method: a modified iDISCO protocol which enables clearing and immunolabeling of mouse brain slices up to 1 mm thick using inexpensive reagents and equipment, with no intensive expert training required. We illustrate the use of ABSOC in 1 mm C57BL/6J mouse coronal brain slices sectioned through the dorsal hippocampus and immunolabelled with an anti-calretinin antibody. The ABSOC method can be readily used for histological studies of mouse brain in order to move from the use of very thin tissue sections to large volumes of tissue - giving more representative analysis of biological samples, without the need for sampling of small regions only.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip M Muza
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Marta Pérez
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Suzanna Noy
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Miyu Kurosawa
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Loukia Katsouri
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, 25 Howland Street, London, W1T 4JG, UK
| | | | - Elizabeth M C Fisher
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Steven J West
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, 25 Howland Street, London, W1T 4JG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Choi EW. Pericardial malignant mesothelioma diagnosed in a dog by immunocytochemistry of the pericardial fluid: a case report. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:89. [PMID: 37480011 PMCID: PMC10362594 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03655-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pericardial effusions are one of the most common cardiac diseases in dogs. Common causes of haemorrhagic pericardial effusions include neoplasia, such as hemangiosarcoma, mesothelioma, chemodectoma, and ectopic thyroid tumours, and benign idiopathic pericardial effusion. Distinguishing among reactive mesothelial cells, malignant mesothelioma, and adenocarcinoma in body effusions is a diagnostic challenge. Therefore, the author aimed to discover whether the observed cells were reactive mesothelial, mesothelioma, or adenocarcinoma cells through immunocytochemistry using five markers (cytokeratin, vimentin, desmin, E-cadherin, and calretinin) in a canine patient. CASE PRESENTATION A 2.1 kg, spayed female, 10-year-old Yorkshire Terrier dog presented to a local hospital with dyspnoea and was evaluated for pericardial effusion. The presence of pericardial fluid was confirmed, and she was referred to our hospital for further evaluation. In cytological evaluation, cells shed individually or in clusters were observed, along with numerous non-degenerative neutrophils and macrophages. The cells showed binucleation, anisocytosis, anisokaryosis, abnormal nucleoli, abundant basophilic cytoplasm, high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, and coarse chromatin. Large atypical multinucleate cells were also observed. Erythrophagia was observed, indicating chronic haemorrhage. Immunocytochemistry using pericardial fluid was positive for cytokeratin, vimentin, desmin, E-cadherin, and calretinin. Therefore, malignant mesothelioma was diagnosed. CONCLUSIONS Immunocytochemistry is a very useful diagnostic technique because it can determine whether several fluorescent markers are simultaneously expressed in the same cell. Further, E-cadherin and calretinin can be used for the differential diagnosis of reactive mesothelial cells, malignant mesothelioma, and adenocarcinoma in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Wha Choi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Berglind F, Boulot A, Gonzalez-Ramos A, Melin E, Bono A, Sørensen AT, Ledri M. Neuronal activity dynamics in the dentate gyrus during early epileptogenesis. Epilepsy Res 2023; 194:107182. [PMID: 37364343 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2023.107182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Epileptogenesis is a complex process involving a multitude of changes at the molecular, cellular and network level. Previous studies have identified several key alterations contributing to epileptogenesis and the development of hyper-excitability in different animal models, but only a few have focused on the early stages of this process. For post status epilepticus (SE) temporal lobe epilepsy in particular, understanding network dynamics during the early phases might be crucial for developing accurate preventive treatments to block the development of chronic spontaneous seizures. In this study, we used a viral vector mediated approach to examine activity of neurons in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus during early epileptogenesis. We find that while granule cells are active 8 h after SE and then gradually decrease their activity, Calretinin-positive mossy cells and Neuropeptide Y-positive GABAergic interneurons in the hilus show a delayed activation pattern starting at 24 and peaking at 48 h after SE. These data suggest that indirect inhibition of granule cells by mossy cells through recruitment of local GABAergic interneurons could be an important mechanisms of excitability control during early epileptogenesis, and contribute to our understanding of the complex role of these cells in normal and pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Berglind
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Adrien Boulot
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Ana Gonzalez-Ramos
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Esbjörn Melin
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Antonino Bono
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Andreas Toft Sørensen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marco Ledri
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gomes DA, Ramos S, Ferreira J. Diagnostic challenges of recurrent left atrial mass: a case report. Eur Heart J Case Rep 2023; 7:ytad083. [PMID: 36909838 PMCID: PMC9994641 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytad083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Differential diagnosis of left atrial (LA) masses is challenging because there is a significant overlap in the epidemiological, clinical, and imaging characteristics. Even some histological features can be similar across different types of cardiac masses. Therefore, continuous case discussion between the clinician and the pathologist is essential for a correct diagnosis. Case summary We present a case of a patient with a history of cardiac surgery for LA tumour. Histology was compatible with thrombus, although no predisposing causes nor genetic or acquired thrombophilia were identified. After 14 years, the recurrence of LA mass was diagnosed with a routine echocardiography. A review of histological preparations from 2007 with immunohistochemistry techniques not available at that time (calretinin) was consistent with a myxoma. The patient underwent cardiac reoperation with LA mass and interatrial septum excision. Final diagnosis was compatible with a myxoma recurrence. Discussion Myxoma is the second most frequent benign primary cardiac tumour. Left atrial thrombi can occasionally mimic the typical echocardiographic appearance of a myxoma, and pathological features can sometimes overlap generating diagnostic confusion. Calretinin fixation is useful for differential diagnosis once it is only identified in myxomas but not in thrombi. Any discrepancy between clinical findings and histology should always mandate a review of histological preparations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Gomes
- Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Av. Prof. Dr. Reinaldo dos Santos, 2790-134, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sância Ramos
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Av. Prof. Dr. Reinaldo dos Santos, 2790-134, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge Ferreira
- Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Av. Prof. Dr. Reinaldo dos Santos, 2790-134, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Muñiz ÁM, Cecconi A, Avial MCM, Rico PF, Muñiz SH, Santin EM, Jimenez-Borreguero LJ, Alfonso F. Calretinin stain for the accurate diagnosis of atypical Cardiac Myxoma. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2023; 39:461-462. [PMID: 36394681 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-022-02725-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Montes Muñiz
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, IIS-IP. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CIBER-CV, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Cecconi
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, IIS-IP. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CIBER-CV, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Cristina Martínez Avial
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, IIS-IP. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CIBER-CV, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Luis Jesus Jimenez-Borreguero
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, IIS-IP. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CIBER-CV, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fernando Alfonso
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, IIS-IP. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CIBER-CV, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tamanna MT, Egbune C. Traditional Treatment Approaches and Role of Immunotherapy in Lung Malignancy and Mesothelioma. Cancer Treat Res 2023; 185:79-89. [PMID: 37306905 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-27156-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There is no denying that many revolutions took place in the fight against cancer during the last decades. However, cancers have always managed to find new ways to challenge humankinds. Variable genomic epidemiology, socio-economic differences and limitations of widespread screening are the major concerns in cancer diagnosis and early treatment. A multidisciplinary approach is essentially to manage a cancer patient efficiently. Thoracic malignancies including lung cancers and pleural mesothelioma are accountable for little more than 11.6% of the global cancer burden [4]. Mesothelioma is one of the rare cancers, but concern is the incidences are increasing globally. However, the good news is first-line chemotherapy with the combination of immune checkpoints inhibitors (ICIs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and mesothelioma has showed promising respond and improved overall survival (OS) in pivotal clinical trials [10]. ICIs are commonly referred as immunotherapy are antigens on the cancer cells, and inhibitors are the antibodies produce by the T cell defence system. By inhibiting immune checkpoints, the cancer cells become visible to be identified as abnormal cells and attack by the body's defence system [17]. The programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) and programmed death receptor ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibitors are commonly used immune checkpoint blockers for anti-cancer treatment. PD-1/PD-L1 are proteins produced by immune cells and mimic by cancer cells that are implicated in inhibiting T cell response to regulate our immune system, which results tumour cells escaping the defence mechanism to achieve immune surveillance. Therefore, inhibiting immune checkpoints as well as monoclonal antibodies can lead to effective apoptosis of tumour cells [17]. Mesothelioma is an industrial disease caused by significant asbestos exposure. It is the cancer of the mesothelial tissue which presents in the lining of the mediastinum of pleura, pericardium and peritoneum, most commonly affected sites are pleura of the lung or chest wall lining [9] as route of asbestos exposure is inhalation. Calretinin is a calcium binding protein, typically over exposed in malignant mesotheliomas and the most useful marker even while initial changes take place [5]. On the other hand, Wilm's tumour 1 (WT-1) gene expression on the tumour cells can be related to prognosis as it can elicit immune response, thereby inhibit cell apoptosis. A systematic review and meta-analysis study conducted by Qi et al. has suggested that expression of WT-1 in a solid tumour is fatal however, it gives the tumour cell a feature of immune sensitivity which then acts positively towards the treatment with immunotherapy. Clinical significance of WT-1 oncogene in treatment is still hugely debatable and needs further attention [21]. Recently, Japan has reinstated Nivolumab in patients with chemo-refractory mesothelioma. According to NCCN guidelines, the salvage therapies include Pembrolizumab in PD-L1 positive patients and Nivolumab alone or with Ipilimumab in cancers irrespective of PD-L1 expression [9]. The checkpoint blockers have taken over the biomarker-based research and demonstrated impressive treatment options in immune sensitive and asbestos-related cancers. It can be expected that in near future the immune checkpoint inhibitors will be considered as approved first-line cancer treatment universally.
Collapse
|
10
|
La Barbera L, Nobili A, Cauzzi E, Paoletti I, Federici M, Saba L, Giacomet C, Marino R, Krashia P, Melone M, Keller F, Mercuri NB, Viscomi MT, Conti F, D’Amelio M. Upregulation of Ca 2+-binding proteins contributes to VTA dopamine neuron survival in the early phases of Alzheimer's disease in Tg2576 mice. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:76. [PMID: 36434727 PMCID: PMC9700939 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00580-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent clinical and experimental studies have highlighted the involvement of Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons for the early pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). We have previously described a progressive and selective degeneration of these neurons in the Tg2576 mouse model of AD, long before amyloid-beta plaque formation. The degenerative process in DA neurons is associated with an autophagy flux impairment, whose rescue can prevent neuronal loss. Impairments in autophagy can be the basis for accumulation of damaged mitochondria, leading to disturbance in calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, and to functional and structural deterioration of DA neurons. METHODS In Tg2576 mice, we performed amperometric recordings of DA levels and analysis of dopaminergic fibers in the Nucleus Accumbens - a major component of the ventral striatum precociously affected in AD patients - together with retrograde tracing, to identify the most vulnerable DA neuron subpopulations in the VTA. Then, we focused on these neurons to analyze mitochondrial integrity and Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) localization by electron and confocal microscopy, respectively. Stereological cell count was also used to evaluate degeneration of DA neuron subpopulations containing the Ca2+-binding proteins Calbindin-D28K and Calretinin. The expression levels for these proteins were analyzed by western blot and confocal microscopy. Lastly, using electrophysiology and microfluorometry we analyzed VTA DA neuron intrinsic properties and cytosolic free Ca2+ levels. RESULTS We found a progressive degeneration of mesolimbic DA neurons projecting to the ventral striatum, located in the paranigral nucleus and parabrachial pigmented subnucleus of the VTA. At the onset of degeneration (3 months of age), the vulnerable DA neurons in the Tg2576 accumulate damaged mitochondria, while AIF translocates from the mitochondria to the nucleus. Although we describe an age-dependent loss of the DA neurons expressing Calbindin-D28K or Calretinin, we observed that the remaining cells upregulate the levels of Ca2+-binding proteins, and the free cytosolic levels of Ca2+ in these neurons are significantly decreased. Coherently, TUNEL-stained Tg2576 DA neurons express lower levels of Calbindin-D28K when compared with non-apoptotic cells. CONCLUSION Overall, our results suggest that the overexpression of Ca2+-binding proteins in VTA DA neurons might be an attempt of cells to survive by increasing their ability to buffer free Ca2+. Exploring strategies to overexpress Ca2+-binding proteins could be fundamental to reduce neuronal suffering and improve cognitive and non-cognitive functions in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livia La Barbera
- grid.9657.d0000 0004 1757 5329Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy ,grid.417778.a0000 0001 0692 3437Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Nobili
- grid.9657.d0000 0004 1757 5329Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy ,grid.417778.a0000 0001 0692 3437Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Emma Cauzzi
- grid.417778.a0000 0001 0692 3437Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy ,grid.6530.00000 0001 2300 0941Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Paoletti
- grid.9657.d0000 0004 1757 5329Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Federici
- grid.417778.a0000 0001 0692 3437Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Luana Saba
- grid.9657.d0000 0004 1757 5329Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy ,grid.417778.a0000 0001 0692 3437Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Giacomet
- grid.6530.00000 0001 2300 0941Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ramona Marino
- grid.9657.d0000 0004 1757 5329Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Paraskevi Krashia
- grid.417778.a0000 0001 0692 3437Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy ,grid.9657.d0000 0004 1757 5329Department of Sciences and Technologies for Humans and Environment, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Melone
- grid.7010.60000 0001 1017 3210Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche (UNIVPM), 60020 Ancona, Italy ,Center for Neurobiology of Aging, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura Anziani (INRCA), 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Flavio Keller
- grid.9657.d0000 0004 1757 5329Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- grid.417778.a0000 0001 0692 3437Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy ,grid.6530.00000 0001 2300 0941Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Viscomi
- grid.8142.f0000 0001 0941 3192Department of Life Science and Public Health; Section of Histology and Embryology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy ,grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Conti
- grid.7010.60000 0001 1017 3210Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche (UNIVPM), 60020 Ancona, Italy ,Center for Neurobiology of Aging, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura Anziani (INRCA), 60020 Ancona, Italy ,grid.7010.60000 0001 1017 3210Foundation for Molecular Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Marcello D’Amelio
- grid.9657.d0000 0004 1757 5329Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy ,grid.417778.a0000 0001 0692 3437Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Quijano Moreno SL, García de Lacoba M. Metastasis of malignant pleural mesothelioma to the scalp following chemotherapy: A case report and review of the literature. Rev Esp Patol 2022; 55 Suppl 1:S27-S31. [PMID: 36075659 DOI: 10.1016/j.patol.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a neoplasm involving mesothelial cells of the pleura. Both local and distant metastases may develop, although the latter are less common and it is extremely rare for cutaneous metastases to appear as a solitary lesion on the scalp. We present the case of a 54-year-old woman with a 2-year history of unresectable left pleural mesothelioma treated with chemotherapy, who had developed a painful lump on the scalp one month prior to consultation. Skin metastases of mesothelioma must be differentiated from primary neoplasms, and immunohistochemistry is fundamental to determine the origin of such lesions, which can be correctly identified through the use of a panel of markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario García de Lacoba
- Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Service, Biological Research Center - Spanish National Research Council (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Raju S, Notaras M, Grech AM, Schroeder A, van den Buuse M, Hill RA. BDNF Val66Met genotype and adolescent glucocorticoid treatment induce sex-specific disruptions to fear extinction and amygdala GABAergic interneuron expression in mice. Horm Behav 2022; 144:105231. [PMID: 35779519 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The BDNF Val66Met single nucleotide polymorphism has been implicated in stress sensitivity and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) risk. We previously reported that chronic young-adult stress hormone treatment enhanced fear memory in adult BDNFVal66Met mice with the Met/Met genotype. This study aimed to extend this work to fear extinction learning, spontaneous recovery of fear, and neurobiological correlates in the amygdala. METHODS Male and female Val/Val and Met/Met mice received corticosterone in their drinking water during late adolescence to model chronic stress. Following a 2-week recovery period, the mice underwent fear conditioning and extinction training. Immunofluorescent labelling was used to assess density of three interneuron subtypes; somatostatin, parvalbumin and calretinin, within distinct amygdala nuclei. RESULTS No significant effects of genotype, treatment or sex were found for fear learning. However, adolescent CORT treatment selectively abolished fear extinction of female Met/Met mice. No effect of genotype, sex, or treatment was observed for spontaneous recovery of fear. Significant main effects of genotype and CORT emerged for somatostatin and calretinin cell density, again in females only, further supporting sex-specific effects of the Met/Met genotype and chronic CORT exposure. CONCLUSION BDNF Val66Met genotype interacts with chronic adolescent stress hormone exposure to abolish fear extinction in female Met/Met mice in adulthood. This effect was associated with female-specific interneuron dysfunction induced by either genotype or stress hormone exposure, depending on the interneuron subtype. These data provide biological insight into the role of BDNF in sex differences in sensitivity to stress and vulnerability to stress-related disorders in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharvada Raju
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Notaras
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain & Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, NY, New York, USA
| | - Adrienne M Grech
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Schroeder
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maarten van den Buuse
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel A Hill
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mitra S, Basu S, Singh O, Srivastava A, Singru PS. Calcium-binding proteins typify the dopaminergic neuronal subtypes in the ventral tegmental area of zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:2562-2586. [PMID: 35715989 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-binding proteins (CBPs) regulate neuronal function in midbrain dopamine (DA)-ergic neurons in mammals by buffering and sensing the intracellular Ca2+ , and vesicular release. In birds, the equivalent set of neurons are important in song learning, directed singing, courtship, and energy balance, yet the status of CBPs in these neurons is unknown. Herein, for the first time, we probe the nature of CBPs, namely, Calbindin-, Calretinin-, Parvalbumin-, and Secretagogin-expressing DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra (SN) in the midbrain of zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata. qRT-PCR analysis of ventral midbrain tissue fragment revealed higher Calbindin- and Calretinin-mRNA levels compared to Parvalbumin and Secretagogin. Application of immunofluorescence showed CBP-immunoreactive (-i) neurons in VTA (anterior [VTAa], mid [VTAm], caudal [VTAc]), SN (compacta [SNc], and reticulata [SNr]). Compared to VTAa, higher Calbindin- and Parvalbumin-immunoreactivity (-ir), and lower Calretinin-ir were observed in VTAm and VTAc. Secretagogin-ir was highly localized to VTAa. In SN, Calbindin- and Calretinin-ir were higher in SNc, SNr was Parvalbumin enriched, and Secretagogin-ir was not detected. Weak, moderate, and intense tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-i VTA neurons were demarcated as subtypes 1, 2, and 3, respectively. While subtype 1 TH-i neurons were neither Calbindin- nor Calretinin-i, ∼80 and ∼65% subtype 2 and ∼30 and ∼45% subtype 3 TH-i neurons co-expressed Calbindin and Calretinin, respectively. All TH-i neuronal subtypes co-expressed Parvalbumin with reciprocal relationship with TH-ir. We suggest that the CBPs may determine VTA DA neuronal heterogeneity and differentially regulate their activity in T. guttata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saptarsi Mitra
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Sumela Basu
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Omprakash Singh
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Abhinav Srivastava
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Praful S Singru
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ahmed MM, Wang ACJ, Elos M, Chial HJ, Sillau S, Solano DA, Coughlan C, Aghili L, Anton P, Markham N, Adame V, Gardiner KJ, Boyd TD, Potter H. The innate immune system stimulating cytokine GM-CSF improves learning/memory and interneuron and astrocyte brain pathology in Dp16 Down syndrome mice and improves learning/memory in wild-type mice. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 168:105694. [PMID: 35307513 PMCID: PMC9045510 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is characterized by chronic neuroinflammation, peripheral inflammation, astrogliosis, imbalanced excitatory/inhibitory neuronal function, and cognitive deficits in both humans and mouse models. Suppression of inflammation has been proposed as a therapeutic approach to treating DS co-morbidities, including intellectual disability (DS/ID). Conversely, we discovered previously that treatment with the innate immune system stimulating cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), which has both pro- and anti-inflammatory activities, improved cognition and reduced brain pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD), another inflammatory disorder, and improved cognition and reduced biomarkers of brain pathology in a phase II trial of humans with mild-to-moderate AD. To investigate the effects of GM-CSF treatment on DS/ID in the absence of AD, we assessed behavior and brain pathology in 12-14 month-old DS mice (Dp[16]1Yey) and their wild-type (WT) littermates, neither of which develop amyloid, and found that subcutaneous GM-CSF treatment (5 μg/day, five days/week, for five weeks) improved performance in the radial arm water maze in both Dp16 and WT mice compared to placebo. Dp16 mice also showed abnormal astrocyte morphology, increased percent area of GFAP staining in the hippocampus, clustering of astrocytes in the hippocampus, and reduced numbers of calretinin-positive interneurons in the entorhinal cortex and subiculum, and all of these brain pathologies were improved by GM-CSF treatment. These findings suggest that stimulating and/or modulating inflammation and the innate immune system with GM-CSF treatment may enhance cognition in both people with DS/ID and in the typical aging population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahiuddin Ahmed
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Athena Ching-Jung Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mihret Elos
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Heidi J Chial
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Stefan Sillau
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - D Adriana Solano
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Christina Coughlan
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Leila Aghili
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Paige Anton
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Neil Markham
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Vanesa Adame
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Katheleen J Gardiner
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Timothy D Boyd
- University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Huntington Potter
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Beltman L, Windster JD, Roelofs JJTH, van der Voorn JP, Derikx JPM, Bakx R. Diagnostic accuracy of calretinin and acetylcholinesterase staining of rectal suction biopsies in Hirschsprung disease examined by unexperienced pathologists. Virchows Arch 2022; 481:245-252. [PMID: 35513609 PMCID: PMC9343274 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-022-03334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Rectal suction biopsy (RSB) is a gold standard for diagnosing Hirschsprung disease (HD). Calretinin staining of RSB is increasingly used by experienced pathologists due to non-complex examination and comparable diagnostic accuracy with acetylcholinesterase (AChE). However, the diagnostic accuracy of calretinin examined by unexperienced pathologists remains to be elucidated. Therefore, we aim to compare diagnostic accuracy of calretinin with AChE on RSB for diagnosing HD when examined by unexperienced pathologists. We prospectively analyzed sections from RSB stained with AChE + HE and calretinin. Blinded examination was done by five unexperienced pathologists (pathology residents) and three experienced pathologists (senior pediatric gastro-enterology pathologists) assessing for the presence of HD. Cases for the study included ones proven to be HD on resection specimens and cases without HD. Diagnostic accuracy was determined calculating area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratio, and posttest probability. Fleiss’ kappa analysis was performed to assess interobserver agreement between reviewers. Eleven of 18 included patients (61%) were diagnosed with HD. Comparing the diagnostic accuracy of unexperienced pathologists, calretinin versus AChE + HE showed sensitivity of 80.0% versus 74.5% and specificity of 100% versus 65.4%, AUC of 0.87 (0.78–0.96) versus 0.59 (0.45–0.72). Unexperienced pathologists showed substantial agreement with calretinin (kappa 0.72 [0.61–0.84]) and fair agreement with AChE + HE (kappa 0.34 [0.23–0.44]). We found calretinin having higher diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing HD compared to AChE + HE when examined by unexperienced pathologists. Therefore, we recommend to use calretinin as the standard technique for staining RSB in diagnosing HD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Beltman
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - J D Windster
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Intensive Care, Erasmus University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J J T H Roelofs
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - J P M Derikx
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - R Bakx
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Oshikiri H, Ozawa Y, Suzuki O, Usuda M, Miyata G. Benign multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma occurring in bilateral inguinal canals metachronously: a case report. Surg Case Rep 2022; 8:44. [PMID: 35292863 PMCID: PMC8924337 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-022-01399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benign multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma (BMPM) is a benign tumor that usually occurs in middle-aged females. Although several published studies have reported the occurrence of this tumor in the abdominal cavity, few have documented its development in the inguinal region. CASE PRESENTATION We present a case of a 48-year-old female presenting with a bulge in her left inguinal region. Physical examination revealed a golf ball-sized nodule in the left inguinal region that could not be pushed back into the abdominal cavity. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed a multicystic tumor; therefore, the patient was diagnosed with inguinal hernia or hydrocele of the Nuck's canal. We performed surgical resection and hernia repair using the mesh plug method. The resected specimen was 80 mm in length and contained a multicystic tumor. Pathological examination showed that the cyst wall was lined by a single layer of cuboidal to single layer squamous epithelium. Immunohistochemistry revealed positivity for calretinin in the epithelial cells, for which a diagnosis of BMPM was established. The patient returned to our hospital after 5 years with symptoms similar to the previous episode, but this time in the right inguinal region. Imaging studies showed a tumor in the right inguinal region with the same characteristics as the previous one. The patient underwent tumor resection and hernia repair using the same technique. The resected tumor was 45 mm in length and had characteristics similar to the previously resected tumor. The presence of calretinin and D2-40 on immunohistochemistry led to the diagnosis of BMPM. There was no recurrence of BMPM for 33 months after the secondary surgery. CONCLUSIONS Here we present the first report of metachronous BMPM occurring in bilateral inguinal canals. Although the pathogenesis of BMPM remains unclear, reactive changes have been suggested to cause tumors originating from the groin. The treatment of choice for BMPM is surgical resection. For diagnosis, pathological examination with immunostaining can be useful. The most appropriate postoperative follow-up for inguinal BMPM is controversial, and the accumulation of more inguinal BMPM cases is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Oshikiri
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Iwate Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-4-1, Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-0066, Japan. .,Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Yohei Ozawa
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - On Suzuki
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Iwate Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-4-1, Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-0066, Japan
| | - Masahiro Usuda
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Iwate Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-4-1, Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-0066, Japan
| | - Go Miyata
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Iwate Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-4-1, Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-0066, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Del Rey NLG, Trigo-Damas I, Obeso JA, Cavada C, Blesa J. Neuron types in the primate striatum: stereological analysis of projection neurons and interneurons in control and parkinsonian monkeys. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2022; 48:e12812. [PMID: 35274336 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The striatum is mainly composed of projection neurons. It also contains interneurons, which modulate and control striatal output. The aim of the present study was to assess the percentages of projection neurons and interneuron populations in the striatum of control monkeys and of parkinsonian monkeys. METHODS Unbiased stereology was used to estimate the volume density of every neuron population in the caudate, putamen and ventral striatum of control monkeys and of monkeys treated with MPTP, which results in striatal dopamine depletion. The various neuron population phenotypes were identified by immunohistochemistry. All analyses were performed within the same subjects using similar processing and analysis parameters, thus allowing for reliable data comparisons. RESULTS In control monkeys, the projection neurons, which express the Dopamine-and-cAMP-Regulated-Phosphoprotein, 32-KDa (DARPP-32), were the most abundant: ~86% of the total neurons counted. The interneurons accounted for the remaining 14%. Among the interneurons, those expressing Calretinin were the most abundant (Cr+: ~57%; ~8% of the total striatal neurons counted), followed those expressing Parvalbumin (Pv+: ~18 %; 2.6%), Dinucleotide Phosphate-Diaphorase (NADPH+: ~13 %; 1.8%), Choline Acetyltransferase (ChAT+: ~11%; 1.5%) and Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH+: ~0.5%; 0.1%). No significant changes in volume densities occurred in any population following dopamine depletion, except for the TH+ interneurons, which increased in parkinsonian non-symptomatic monkeys and even more in symptomatic monkeys. CONCLUSIONS These data are relevant for translational studies targeting specific neuron populations of the striatum. The fact that dopaminergic denervation does not cause neuron loss in any population has potential pathophysiological implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia López-González Del Rey
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED (Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,PhD Program in Neuroscience Autónoma de Madrid University-Cajal Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Trigo-Damas
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED (Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Obeso
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED (Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Cavada
- PhD Program in Neuroscience Autónoma de Madrid University-Cajal Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Autónoma de Madrid University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Blesa
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED (Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Morello T, Kollmar R, Ramzaoui A, Stewart M, Orman R. Differential distribution of inhibitory neuron types in subregions of claustrum and dorsal endopiriform nucleus of the short-tailed fruit bat. Brain Struct Funct 2022. [PMID: 35188589 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02459-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Few brain regions have such wide-ranging inputs and outputs as the claustrum does, and fewer have posed equivalent challenges in defining their structural boundaries. We studied the distributions of three calcium-binding proteins-calretinin, parvalbumin, and calbindin-in the claustrum and dorsal endopiriform nucleus of the fruit bat, Carollia perspicillata. The proportionately large sizes of claustrum and dorsal endopiriform nucleus in Carollia brain afford unique access to these structures' intrinsic anatomy. Latexin immunoreactivity permits a separation of claustrum into core and shell subregions and an equivalent separation of dorsal endopiriform nucleus. Using latexin labeling, we found that the claustral shell in Carollia brain can be further subdivided into at least four distinct subregions. Calretinin and parvalbumin immunoreactivity reinforced the boundaries of the claustral core and its shell subregions with diametrically opposite distribution patterns. Calretinin, parvalbumin, and calbindin all colocalized with GAD67, indicating that these proteins label inhibitory neurons in both claustrum and dorsal endopiriform nucleus. Calretinin, however, also colocalized with latexin in a subset of neurons. Confocal microscopy revealed appositions that suggest synaptic contacts between cells labeled for each of the three calcium-binding proteins and latexin-immunoreactive somata in claustrum and dorsal endopiriform nucleus. Our results indicate significant subregional differences in the intrinsic inhibitory connectivity within and between claustrum and dorsal endopiriform nucleus. We conclude that the claustrum is structurally more complex than previously appreciated and that claustral and dorsal endopiriform nucleus subregions are differentially modulated by multiple inhibitory systems. These findings can also account for the excitability differences between claustrum and dorsal endopiriform nucleus described previously.
Collapse
|
19
|
Robinson KJ, Everett NA, Baracz SJ, Cornish JL. The effect of self-administered methamphetamine on GABAergic interneuron populations and functional connectivity of the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:2903-19. [PMID: 35920922 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06175-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Methamphetamine (METH, "ice") is a potent and addictive psychostimulant. Abuse of METH perturbs neurotransmitter systems and induces neurotoxicity; however, the neurobiological mechanisms which underlie addiction to METH are not fully understood, limiting the efficacy of available treatments. Here we investigate METH-induced changes to neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), parvalbumin and calretinin-expressing GABAergic interneuron populations within the nucleus accumbens (NAc), prefrontal cortex (PFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). We hypothesise that dysfunction or loss of these GABAergic interneuron populations may disrupt the excitatory/inhibitory balance within the brain. METHODS Male Long Evans rats (N = 32) were trained to lever press for intravenous METH or received yoked saline infusions. Following 14 days of behavioural extinction, animals were given a non-contingent injection of saline or METH (1 mg/kg, IP) to examine drug-primed reinstatement to METH-seeking behaviours. Ninety minutes post-IP injection, animals were culled and brain sections were analysed for Fos, nNOS, parvalbumin and calretinin immunoreactivity in eight distinct subregions of the NAc, PFC and OFC. RESULTS METH exposure differentially affected GABAergic populations, with METH self-administration increasing nNOS immunoreactivity at distinct locations in the prelimbic cortex and decreasing parvalbumin immunoreactivity in the NAc. METH self-administration triggered reduced calretinin immunoreactivity, whilst acute METH administration produced a significant increase in calretinin immunoreactivity. As expected, non-contingent METH-priming treatment increased Fos immunoreactivity in subregions of the NAc and PFC. CONCLUSION Here we report that METH exposure in this model may alter the function of GABAergic interneurons in more subtle ways, such as alterations in neuronal firing or synaptic connectivity.
Collapse
|
20
|
Qi Y, Cheng H, Wang Y, Chen Z. Revealing the Precise Role of Calretinin Neurons in Epilepsy: We Are on the Way. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:209-22. [PMID: 34324145 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00753-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder characterized by hyperexcitability in the brain. Its pathogenesis is classically associated with an imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Calretinin (CR) is one of the three major types of calcium-binding proteins present in inhibitory GABAergic neurons. The functions of CR and its role in neural excitability are still unknown. Recent data suggest that CR neurons have diverse neurotransmitters, morphologies, distributions, and functions in different brain regions across various species. Notably, CR neurons in the hippocampus, amygdala, neocortex, and thalamus are extremely susceptible to excitotoxicity in the epileptic brain, but the causal relationship is unknown. In this review, we focus on the heterogeneous functions of CR neurons in different brain regions and their relationship with neural excitability and epilepsy. Importantly, we provide perspectives on future investigations of the role of CR neurons in epilepsy.
Collapse
|
21
|
McKenna JT, Yang C, Bellio T, Anderson-Chernishof MB, Gamble MC, Hulverson A, McCoy JG, Winston S, Hodges E, Katsuki F, McNally JM, Basheer R, Brown RE. Characterization of basal forebrain glutamate neurons suggests a role in control of arousal and avoidance behavior. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:1755-1778. [PMID: 33997911 PMCID: PMC8340131 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02288-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The basal forebrain (BF) is involved in arousal, attention, and reward processing but the role of individual BF neuronal subtypes is still being uncovered. Glutamatergic neurons are the least well-understood of the three main BF neurotransmitter phenotypes. Here we analyzed the distribution, size, calcium-binding protein content and projections of the major group of BF glutamatergic neurons expressing the vesicular glutamate transporter subtype 2 (vGluT2) and tested the functional effect of activating them. Mice expressing Cre recombinase under the control of the vGluT2 promoter were crossed with a reporter strain expressing the red fluorescent protein, tdTomato, to generate vGluT2-cre-tdTomato mice. Immunohistochemical staining for choline acetyltransferase and a cross with mice expressing green fluorescent protein selectively in GABAergic neurons confirmed that cholinergic, GABAergic and vGluT2+ neurons represent distinct BF subpopulations. Subsets of BF vGluT2+ neurons expressed the calcium-binding proteins calbindin or calretinin, suggesting that multiple subtypes of BF vGluT2+ neurons exist. Anterograde tracing using adeno-associated viral vectors expressing channelrhodopsin2-enhanced yellow fluorescent fusion proteins revealed major projections of BF vGluT2+ neurons to neighboring BF cholinergic and parvalbumin neurons, as well as to extra-BF areas involved in the control of arousal or aversive/rewarding behavior such as the lateral habenula and ventral tegmental area. Optogenetic activation of BF vGluT2+ neurons elicited a striking avoidance of the area where stimulation was given, whereas stimulation of BF parvalbumin or cholinergic neurons did not. Together with previous optogenetic findings suggesting an arousal-promoting role, our findings suggest that BF vGluT2 neurons play a dual role in promoting wakefulness and avoidance behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James T McKenna
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA
| | - Chun Yang
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA
| | - Thomas Bellio
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA
- Stonehill College, Easton, MA, 02357, USA
| | - Marissa B Anderson-Chernishof
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA
| | - Mackenzie C Gamble
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA
- Stonehill College, Easton, MA, 02357, USA
| | - Abigail Hulverson
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA
- Stonehill College, Easton, MA, 02357, USA
| | - John G McCoy
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA
- Stonehill College, Easton, MA, 02357, USA
| | - Stuart Winston
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA
| | - Erik Hodges
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA
| | - Fumi Katsuki
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA
| | - James M McNally
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA
| | - Radhika Basheer
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA
| | - Ritchie E Brown
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pahle J, Muhia M, Wagener RJ, Tippmann A, Bock HH, Graw J, Herz J, Staiger JF, Drakew A, Kneussel M, Rune GM, Frotscher M, Brunne B. Selective Inactivation of Reelin in Inhibitory Interneurons Leads to Subtle Changes in the Dentate Gyrus But Leaves Cortical Layering and Behavior Unaffected. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:1688-1707. [PMID: 31667489 PMCID: PMC7132935 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Reelin is an extracellular matrix protein, known for its dual role in neuronal migration during brain development and in synaptic plasticity at adult stages. During the perinatal phase, Reelin expression switches from Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells, its main source before birth, to inhibitory interneurons (IN), the main source of Reelin in the adult forebrain. IN-derived Reelin has been associated with schizophrenia and temporal lobe epilepsy; however, the functional role of Reelin from INs is presently unclear. In this study, we used conditional knockout mice, which lack Reelin expression specifically in inhibitory INs, leading to a substantial reduction in total Reelin expression in the neocortex and dentate gyrus. Our results show that IN-specific Reelin knockout mice exhibit normal neuronal layering and normal behavior, including spatial reference memory. Although INs are the major source of Reelin within the adult stem cell niche, Reelin from INs does not contribute substantially to normal adult neurogenesis. While a closer look at the dentate gyrus revealed some unexpected alterations at the cellular level, including an increase in the number of Reelin expressing CR cells, overall our data suggest that Reelin derived from INs is less critical for cortex development and function than Reelin expressed by CR cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Pahle
- Institute for Structural Neurobiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mary Muhia
- Institute of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robin J Wagener
- Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Tippmann
- Institute for Structural Neurobiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Systems Neuroscience, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hans H Bock
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Janice Graw
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Herz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jochen F Staiger
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Drakew
- Institute for Structural Neurobiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Matthias Kneussel
- Institute of Molecular Neurogenetics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele M Rune
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Frotscher
- Institute for Structural Neurobiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bianka Brunne
- Institute for Structural Neurobiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Su M, Liu J, Yu B, Zhou K, Sun C, Yang M, Zhao C. Loss of Calretinin in L5a impairs the formation of the barrel cortex leading to abnormal whisker-mediated behaviors. Mol Brain 2021; 14:67. [PMID: 33845857 PMCID: PMC8042711 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00775-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The rodent whisker-barrel cortex system has been established as an ideal model for studying sensory information integration. The barrel cortex consists of barrel and septa columns that receive information input from the lemniscal and paralemniscal pathways, respectively. Layer 5a is involved in both barrel and septa circuits and play a key role in information integration. However, the role of layer 5a in the development of the barrel cortex remains unclear. Previously, we found that calretinin is dynamically expressed in layer 5a. In this study, we analyzed calretinin KO mice and found that the dendritic complexity and length of layer 5a pyramidal neurons were significantly decreased after calretinin ablation. The membrane excitability and excitatory synaptic transmission of layer 5a neurons were increased. Consequently, the organization of the barrels was impaired. Moreover, layer 4 spiny stellate cells were not able to properly gather, leading to abnormal formation of barrel walls as the ratio of barrel/septum size obviously decreased. Calretinin KO mice exhibited deficits in exploratory and whisker-associated tactile behaviors as well as social novelty preference. Our study expands our knowledge of layer 5a pyramidal neurons in the formation of barrel walls and deepens the understanding of the development of the whisker-barrel cortex system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhao Su
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Junhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Baocong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Kaixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Congli Sun
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Mengjie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chunjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Biagioni F, Vivacqua G, Lazzeri G, Ferese R, Iannacone S, Onori P, Morini S, D’Este L, Fornai F. Chronic MPTP in Mice Damage-specific Neuronal Phenotypes within Dorsal Laminae of the Spinal Cord. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:156-169. [PMID: 33206341 PMCID: PMC7936970 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The neurotoxin 1-methyl, 4-phenyl, 1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropiridine (MPTP) is widely used to produce experimental parkinsonism. Such a disease is characterized by neuronal damage in multiple regions beyond the nigrostriatal pathway including the spinal cord. The neurotoxin MPTP damages spinal motor neurons. So far, in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients alpha-synuclein aggregates are described in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Nonetheless, no experimental investigation was carried out to document whether MPTP affects the sensory compartment of the spinal cord. Thus, in the present study, we investigated whether chronic exposure to small doses of MPTP (5 mg/kg/X2, daily, for 21 days) produces any pathological effect within dorsal spinal cord. This mild neurotoxic protocol produces a damage only to nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) axon terminals with no decrease in DA nigral neurons assessed by quantitative stereology. In these experimental conditions we documented a decrease in enkephalin-, calretinin-, calbindin D28K-, and parvalbumin-positive neurons within lamina I and II and the outer lamina III. Met-Enkephalin and substance P positive fibers are reduced in laminae I and II of chronically MPTP-treated mice. In contrast, as reported in PD patients, alpha-synuclein is markedly increased within spared neurons and fibers of lamina I and II after MPTP exposure. This is the first evidence that experimental parkinsonism produces the loss of specific neurons of the dorsal spinal cord, which are likely to be involved in sensory transmission and in pain modulation providing an experimental correlate for sensory and pain alterations in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giorgio Vivacqua
- Integrated Research Center (PRAAB), Campus Biomedico University of Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00125 Roma, Italy
- Department of Anatomic, Histologic, Forensic and Locomotor Apparatus Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, Via Alfonso Borelli 50, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Gloria Lazzeri
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Simone Iannacone
- Department of Anatomic, Histologic, Forensic and Locomotor Apparatus Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, Via Alfonso Borelli 50, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo Onori
- Department of Anatomic, Histologic, Forensic and Locomotor Apparatus Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, Via Alfonso Borelli 50, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Sergio Morini
- Integrated Research Center (PRAAB), Campus Biomedico University of Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00125 Roma, Italy
| | - Loredana D’Este
- Department of Anatomic, Histologic, Forensic and Locomotor Apparatus Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, Via Alfonso Borelli 50, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Fornai
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, via dell’Elettronica, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Schmidt M. Calretinin immunoreactivity in the inferior lobe of the hypothalamus and associated nuclei of the firemouth cichlid, Thorichthys meeki. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 113:101887. [PMID: 33189868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of the calcium-binding protein calretinin (CR) was examined by an immunohistochemical method using specific antibodies. CR is involved in the visual system, and the inferior lobe of the hypothalamus represents a multisensory integration center in cichlids. The focus of the present study was to analyze the distribution of CR immunoreactivity in a cichlid fish, the firemouth cichlid, Thorichthys meeki, for the hypothalamic inferior lobe and for the torus lateralis, nucleus glomerulosus, nucleus posterior tuberis, and corpus mamillare as associated nuclei of the hypothalamus. CR-immunoreactive (CR-ir) cell bodies were visualized in the lateral and medial part of the diffuse nucleus of the inferior lobe, ventral portion of the central nucleus of the inferior lobe, torus lateralis, nucleus glomerulosus, and nucleus posterior tuberis. CR-ir fibers could be detected in the dorsal portion of the central nucleus of the inferior lobe and corpus mamillare. The strongest labeling of CR-ir neuropil was observed in the lateral part of the diffuse nucleus of the inferior lobe, outer zone of the periventricular nucleus of the inferior lobe, torus lateralis, nucleus glomerulosus, and nucleus posterior tuberis. CR is abundantly present in the inferior lobe of the hypothalamus and associated nuclei. The role of CR in highly active processes in the inferior lobe of cichlids will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schmidt
- Institute of Zoology, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 169, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu X, Bautista J, Liu E, Zikopoulos B. Imbalance of laminar-specific excitatory and inhibitory circuits of the orbitofrontal cortex in autism. Mol Autism 2020; 11:83. [PMID: 33081829 PMCID: PMC7574354 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-020-00390-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is involved in assessing the emotional significance of events and stimuli, emotion-based learning, allocation of attentional resources, and social cognition. Little is known about the structure, connectivity and excitatory/inhibitory circuit interactions underlying these diverse functions in human OFC, as well as how the circuit is disrupted in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS We used post-mortem brain tissue from neurotypical adults and individuals with ASD. We examined the morphology and distribution of myelinated axons across cortical layers in OFC, at the single axon level, as a proxy of excitatory pathways. In the same regions, we also examined the laminar distribution of all neurons and neurochemically- and functionally-distinct inhibitory neurons that express the calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin (PV), calbindin (CB), and calretinin (CR). RESULTS We found that the density of myelinated axons increased consistently towards layer 6, while the average axon diameter did not change significantly across layers in both groups. However, both the density and diameter of myelinated axons were significantly lower in the ASD group compared with the Control group. The distribution pattern and density of the three major types of inhibitory neurons was comparable between groups, but there was a significant reduction in the density of excitatory neurons across OFC layers in ASD. LIMITATIONS This study is limited by the availability of human post-mortem tissue optimally processed for high-resolution microscopy and immunolabeling, especially from individuals with ASD. CONCLUSIONS The balance between excitation and inhibition in OFC is at the core of its function, assessing and integrating emotional and social cues with internal states and external inputs. Our preliminary results provide evidence for laminar-specific changes in the ratio of excitation/inhibition in OFC of adults with ASD, with an overall weakening and likely disorganization of excitatory signals and a relative strengthening of local inhibition. These changes likely underlie pathology of major OFC communications with limbic or other cortices and the amygdala in individuals with ASD, and may provide the anatomic basis for disrupted transmission of signals for social interactions and emotions in autism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Liu
- Human Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Ave., Room 401D, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Julied Bautista
- Human Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Ave., Room 401D, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Edward Liu
- Human Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Ave., Room 401D, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Basilis Zikopoulos
- Human Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Ave., Room 401D, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. .,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
The Y-group plays an important role in the generation of upward smooth pursuit eye movements and contributes to the adaptive properties of the vertical vestibulo-ocular reflex. Malfunction of this circuitry may cause eye movement disorders, such as downbeat nystagmus. To characterize the neuron populations in the Y-group, we performed immunostainings for cellular proteins related to firing characteristics and transmitters (calretinin, GABA-related proteins and ion channels) in brainstem sections of macaque monkeys that had received tracer injections into the oculomotor nucleus. Two histochemically different populations of premotor neurons were identified: The calretinin-positive population represents the excitatory projection to contralateral upgaze motoneurons, whereas the GABAergic population represents the inhibitory projection to ipsilateral downgaze motoneurons. Both populations receive a strong supply by GABAergic nerve endings most likely originating from floccular Purkinje cells. All premotor neurons express nonphosphorylated neurofilaments and are ensheathed by strong perineuronal nets. In addition, they contain the voltage-gated potassium channels Kv1.1 and Kv3.1b which suggests biophysical similarities to high-activity premotor neurons of vestibular and oculomotor systems. The premotor neurons of Y-group form a homogenous population with histochemical characteristics compatible with fast-firing projection neurons that can also undergo plasticity and contribute to motor learning as found for the adaptation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex in response to visual-vestibular mismatch stimulation. The histochemical characterization of premotor neurons in the Y-group allows the identification of the homologue cell groups in human, including their transmitter inputs and will serve as basis for correlated anatomical-neuropathological studies of clinical cases with downbeat nystagmus.
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Surgical pathology for Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) occasionally is difficult, especially for those who encounter the disorder infrequently. This article reviews pathologic features of HSCR, considers various specimens the pathologist is required to evaluate, and discusses useful ancillary tests. Potential diagnostic pitfalls are highlighted, and helpful hints are provided to successfully navigate challenging situations. Finally, the article looks forward to new ancillary tests on the horizon and future topics for HSCR research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Hwang
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, OC.8.720 4800, Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Raj P Kapur
- Department of Pathology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, OC.8.720 4800, Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jiménez S, López JM, Lozano D, Morona R, González A, Moreno N. Analysis of pallial/cortical interneurons in key vertebrate models of Testudines, Anurans and Polypteriform fishes. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:2239-69. [PMID: 32743670 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02123-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The organization of the pallial derivatives across vertebrates follows a comparable elementary arrangement, although not all of them possess a layered cortical structure as sophisticated as the cerebral cortex of mammals. However, its expansion along evolution has only been possible by the development and coevolution of the cellular networks formed by excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons. Thus, the comparative analysis of interneuron types in vertebrate models of key evolutionary significance will provide important information, due to the extraordinary anatomical sophistication of their interneuron systems with simpler behavioral implications. Particularly in mammals, the main consensus for classifying interneuron types is based on non-overlapping markers, which do not form a single population, but consist of several distinct classes of inhibitory cells showing co-expression of other markers. In our study, we analyzed immunohistochemically the expression of the main markers like somatostatin (SOM), parvalbumin (PV), calretinin (CR), calbindin (CB), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and/or nitric oxide synthase (NOS) at the pallial regions of three different models of Osteichthyes. First, we selected two tetrapods, one amniote from the genus Pseudemys belonging to the order Testudine, at the base of the amniote diversification and with a three-layered simple cortex, and the Anuran Xenopus laevis, an anamniote tetrapod with a non-layered evaginated pallium, and finally the order Polypteriform, a small fish group at the base of the actinopterygian diversification with an everted telencephalon. SOM was the most conserved interneuron type in terms of its distribution and co-expression with other markers such as CR, in contrast to PV, which showed a different pattern between the models analyzed. In addition, the SOM expression supports a homological relationship between the medial pallial derivatives in all the models. CR and CB expressions in the tetrapods were observed, particularly, CR expressing cells were detected in the medial and the dorsal pallial derivatives, in contrast to CB, which appeared only in discrete scattered populations. However, the pallium of Polypteriforms fishes was almost devoid of CR cells, in contrast to the important number of CB cells observed in all the pallial regions. The NPY immunoreactivity was detected in all the pallial domains of all the models, as well as cells coexpressing CR. Finally, the pallial nitrergic expression was also conserved, which allows to postulate the homological relationships between the ventropallial and the amygdaloid derivatives. In summary, even in basal pallial models the neurochemically characterized interneurons indicate that their first appearance took place before the common ancestor of amniotes. Thus, our results suggest a shared pattern of interneuron types in the pallium of all Osteichthyes.
Collapse
|
30
|
Biggs LM, Meredith M. ActivatIon of Calcium binding protein-ir neurons IN MEDIAL AMYGDALA during chemosignal processing. Chem Senses 2020; 45:bjaa030. [PMID: 32386197 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The medial amygdala receives sensory input from chemical signals important in mammalian social communication. As measured by immediate early gene expression, its responses to different chemosignals differ in the spatial patterns of neuronal activation and in the types of cells activated. Medial amygdala projections to basal forebrain contibute to generation of appropriate behavioral responses and GABA neurons are important for these functions, both as interneurons and projection neurons. Here we investigate reponses of male golden-hamster medial amygdala neurons expressing immunoreactivity (-ir) for calbindin (CB), calretinin (CR) and parvalbumin (PV), calcium binding proteins (CBPs) which can distinguish different GABA-ergic neuron types. CB-ir and CR-ir cells both had significant responses to female hamster chemosignals and showed different spatial patterns across medial amygdala. Responses to chemosignals (from unfamiliar females) were significantly reduced in males with sexual experience, compared to naïve males. Medial amygdala did not express PV-ir cells and the adjacent intercalated nucleus, which has been implicated in medial amygdala chemosensory responses did not express any of the CBPs investigated here. This additional evidence for chemosensory specificity in the response of medial amygdala to social chemical signals, in cells characterized by CBP expression, suggests multiple GABA circuit elements may be involved in information processing for behavioral response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey M Biggs
- Program in Neuroscience and Dept. Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee FL
| | - Michael Meredith
- Program in Neuroscience and Dept. Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee FL
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Prins TJ, Myers ZA, Saldate JJ, Hoffman LF. Calbindin expression in adult vestibular epithelia. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2020; 206:623-637. [PMID: 32350587 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-020-01418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian vestibular epithelia exhibit a remarkably stereotyped organization featuring cellular characteristics under planar cell polarity (PCP) control. PCP mechanisms are responsible for the organization of hair cell morphologic polarization vectors, and are thought to be responsible for the postsynaptic expression of the calcium-binding protein calretinin that defines the utricular striola and cristae central zone. However, recent analyses revealed that subtle differences in the topographic expression of oncomodulin, another calcium-binding protein, reflects heterogeneous factors driving the subtle variations in expression. Calbindin represents a third calcium-binding protein that has been previously described to be expressed in both hair cells and afferent calyces in proximity to the utricular striola and crista central zone. The objective of the present investigation was to determine calbindin's topographic pattern of expression to further elucidate the extent to which PCP mechanisms might exert control over the organization of vestibular neuroepithelia. The findings revealed that calbindin exhibited an expression pattern strikingly similar to oncomodulin. However, within calyces of the central zone calbindin was colocalized with calretinin. These results indicate that organizational features of vestibular epithelia are governed by a suite of factors that include PCP mechanisms as well others yet to be defined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terry J Prins
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Box 951624, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1624, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zachary A Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Box 951624, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1624, USA
| | - Johnny J Saldate
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Box 951624, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1624, USA
| | - Larry F Hoffman
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Box 951624, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1624, USA. .,Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Johansson HKL, Svingen T, Boberg J, Fowler PA, Stead D, Vinggaard AM, Filis P. Calretinin is a novel candidate marker for adverse ovarian effects of early life exposure to mixtures of endocrine disruptors in the rat. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1241-1250. [PMID: 32221642 PMCID: PMC7225203 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02697-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of sensitive stages of ovary development during fetal and perinatal life can have severe and life-long consequences for a woman’s reproductive life. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals may affect ovarian development, leading to subsequent reproductive disorders. Here, we investigated the effect of early life exposure to defined mixtures of human-relevant endocrine disrupting chemicals on the rat ovary. We aimed to identify molecular events involved in pathogenesis of ovarian dysgenesis syndrome that have potential for future adverse outcome pathway development. We therefore focused on the ovarian proteome. Rats were exposed to a mixture of phthalates, pesticides, UV-filters, bisphenol A, butyl-paraben, and paracetamol during gestation and lactation. The chemicals were tested together or in subgroups of chemicals with anti-androgenic or estrogenic potentials at doses 450-times human exposure. Paracetamol was tested separately, at a dose of 360 mg/kg. Using shotgun proteomics on ovaries from pup day 17 offspring, we observed exposure effects on the proteomes. Nine proteins were affected in more than one exposure group and of these, we conclude that calretinin is a potential key event biomarker of early endocrine disruption in the ovary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Katarina Lilith Johansson
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Terje Svingen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Julie Boberg
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Paul A Fowler
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - David Stead
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Anne Marie Vinggaard
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Panagiotis Filis
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cesinaro AM, Burtini G, Maiorana A, Rossi G, Migaldi M. Expression of calretinin in odontogenic keratocysts and basal cell carcinomas: A study of sporadic and Gorlin-Goltz syndrome-related cases. Ann Diagn Pathol 2020; 45:151472. [PMID: 31982676 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2020.151472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gorlin-Goltz syndrome (GGS), is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder related to germline mutation of PTCH1 gene, characterised by the presence of multiple developmental anomalies and tumours, mainly basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and odontogenic keratocysts (OKC). We analysed and compared the expression of calretinin in 16 sporadic OKCs, from 15 patients, and 12 syndromic OKCs from 11 patients; in 19 BCC's and 2 cutaneous keratocysts (CKC) belonging to 4 GGS patients, 15 sporadic BCCs and 3 steatocystomas (SC). Calretinin was negative in 10 of 12 syndromic OKCs, focally positive (<5% of cells) in 2; six sporadic OKCs were negative, 6 focally and 4 diffusely positive (p = .02, cases focally and diffusely positive vs. cases negative). All BCCs of 3 GGS patients were negative, the fourth patient presented two BCCs negative and 5 focally or diffusely positive; 7 sporadic BCCs were negative and 8 focally positive (p = NS). Two CKCs resulted negative in one GGS patient; 2 sporadic SCs were positive, and a third was negative. PTCH1 mutations produce an altered PTCH protein and an aberrant activation of Sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway, leading to tumoral proliferation. It has been demonstrated that treatment of human foetal radial glia cells with SHH reduces, whereas the blockage of SHH increases calretinin expression. We found a lower expression of calretinin in syndromic OKCs compared to sporadic cases. Although calretinin's value in differential diagnosis between sporadic and syndromic tumours appears not crucial, our results shed light on the possible link between SHH dysfunction and calretinin expression in GGS-related tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Cesinaro
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Modena, Italy.
| | - Giammarco Burtini
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonino Maiorana
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulio Rossi
- Anatomic Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Ravenna, Italy
| | - Mario Migaldi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Matsuda M, Ninomiya H, Wakejima R, Inamura K, Okumura S, Mun M, Kitagawa M, Ishikawa Y. Calretinin-expressing lung adenocarcinoma: Distinct characteristics of advanced stages, smoker-type features, and rare expression of other mesothelial markers are useful to differentiate epithelioid mesothelioma. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152817. [PMID: 32008868 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.152817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Calretinin, a mesothelioma marker, is sometimes expressed in lung cancer, which may complicate the differential diagnosis of mesothelioma. Here, the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of calretinin-positive lung cancer were examined to reduce confusion with malignant mesothelioma. Calretinin expression in 307 consecutive cases of lung cancer was evaluated immunohistochemically. Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Calretinin expression was identified in 67 (22%) tumors, including those with partial and weak expression [15% (37/250) of adenocarcinomas, 54% (25/46) of squamous cell carcinomas, 75% (3/4) of adenosquamous carcinomas, and 29% (2/7) of sarcomatoid carcinomas]. In calretinin-positive adenocarcinoma (n = 37), expression percentages of Wilms tumor-1, podoplanin, thyroid transcription factor-1, and claudin-4 were 6, 3, 52, 82%, respectively, whereas in calretinin-positive squamous cell carcinoma (n = 25) the percentages were 8, 12, 12, 68%, respectively, indicating that other mesothelial markers were only rarely expressed and that claudin-4 expression was common. Although not an independent marker, calretinin expression was associated with a poor prognosis for stage I tumors of adenocarcinoma (p < 0.001) and of all histological subtypes (p < 0.001). In conclusion, calretinin-positive lung tumors share characteristics with those of smokers and advanced stages and can be differentiated from mesothelioma with the use of other mesothelial and epithelial markers.
Collapse
|
35
|
Saffari R, Grotefeld K, Kravchenko M, Zhang M, Zhang W. Calretinin+-neurons-mediated GABAergic inhibition in mouse prefrontal cortex. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 94:109658. [PMID: 31145926 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a center for executive and cognitive functions. Although many studies have been carried out to elucidate the role of different subtypes of GABAergic neurons in other brain areas, their functional relevance in PFC is still not fully understood. Calretinin+-GABAergic neurons are heterogeneous in their morphology and intrinsic properties. Previous studies showed an involvement of CR+-GABAergic neurons in the disinhibition of the other GABAergic neurons in neocortex and hippocampus. Furthermore, the loss of CR+- and PV+-interneurons in human brain has been linked to the vulnerability of the interneurons and to the overall increase in the network excitability associated with mental diseases. In the present study, the intensity of CR+-neuropil was higher in layer II/III, whereas the intensity of PV+-neuropil was higher in deeper layers within the PFC. In addition, pronounced CR expression was detected in layer II and III of prelimbic and infralimbic cortex whereas they were less abundant in anterior cingulate cortex and motor cortex 2. Our results showed that bipolar CR+- neurons in layer V not only feedback inhibited multipolar CR+- and other interneurons in layer II/III, but the majority of bipolar CR+-neurons in layer II/III also provide long-range forward-inhibition to pyramidal neurons in deeper layers of PFC. Thus, given the importance of the neuronal network of PFC in central control of emotion and cognition and in the pathology of mental diseases, CR+-GABAergic neuron-mediated feed-forward and -backward modulation within PFC would differentially modulate the downstream limbic activity and subsequently shape the cognitive and emotional behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roja Saffari
- Laboratory of molecular psychiatry, Department of psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Kirsten Grotefeld
- Laboratory of molecular psychiatry, Department of psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Mykola Kravchenko
- Laboratory of molecular psychiatry, Department of psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Laboratory of molecular psychiatry, Department of psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- Laboratory of molecular psychiatry, Department of psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jin ZW, Cho KH, Shibata S, Yamamoto M, Murakami G, Rodríguez-Vázquez JF. Nervus terminalis and nerves to the vomeronasal organ: a study using human fetal specimens. Anat Cell Biol 2019; 52:278-285. [PMID: 31598357 PMCID: PMC6773908 DOI: 10.5115/acb.19.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The human nervus terminalis (terminal nerve) and the nerves to the vomeronasal organ (VNON) are both associated with the olfactory nerves and are of major interest to embryologists. However, there is still limited knowledge on their topographical anatomy in the nasal septum and on the number and distribution of ganglion cells along and near the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone. We observed serial or semiserial sections of 30 fetuses at 7-18 weeks (crown rump length [CRL], 25-160 mm). Calretinin and S100 protein staining demonstrated not only the terminal nerve along the anterior edge of the perpendicular lamina of the ethmoid, but also the VNON along the posterior edge of the lamina. The terminal nerve was composed of 1-2 nerve bundles that passed through the anterior end of the cribriform plate, whereas the VNON consisted of 2-3 bundles behind the olfactory nerves. The terminal nerve ran along and crossed the posterior side of the nasal branch of the anterior ethmoidal nerve. Multiple clusters of small ganglion cells were found on the lateral surfaces of the ethmoid's crista galli, which are likely the origin of both the terminal nerve and VNON. The ganglions along the crista galli were ball-like and 15-20 µm in diameter and, ranged from 40-153 in unilateral number according to our counting at 21-µm-interval except for one specimen (480 neurons; CRL, 137 mm). An effect of nerve degeneration with increasing age seemed to be masked by a remarkable individual difference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wu Jin
- Department of Anatomy, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Kwang Ho Cho
- Department of Neurology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine and Hospital, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Iksan, Korea
| | - Shunichi Shibata
- Department of Maxillofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Jiménez-Ramírez C, Casjens S, Juárez-Pérez CA, Raiko I, Del Razo LM, Taeger D, Calderón-Aranda ES, Rihs HP, Acosta-Saavedra LC, Weber DG, Cabello-López A, Pesch B, Ochoa-Vázquez MD, Burek K, Torre-Bouscoulet L, Pérez-Padilla JR, García-Bazan EM, Brüning T, Johnen G, Aguilar-Madrid G. Mesothelin, Calretinin, and Megakaryocyte Potentiating Factor as Biomarkers of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Lung 2019; 197:641-9. [PMID: 31267149 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-019-00244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a highly lethal cancer caused by exposure to asbestos. Currently, the diagnosis is a challenge, carried out by means of invasive methods of limited sensitivity. This is a case-control study to evaluate the individual and combined performance of minimally invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of MPM. METHOD A study of 166 incident cases of MPM and 378 population controls of Mestizo-Mexican ethnicity was conducted. Mesothelin, calretinin, and megakaryocyte potentiating factor (MPF) were quantified in plasma by ELISA. The samples were collected from 2011 to 2016. RESULTS Based on ROC analysis and a preset specificity of 95%, the combination of the three biomarkers reached an AUC of 0.944 and a sensitivity of 82% in men. In women, an AUC of 0.937 and a sensitivity of 87% were reached. In nonconditional logistic regression models, the adjusted ORs in men were 7.92 (95% CI 3.02-20.78) for mesothelin, 20.44 (95% CI 8.90-46.94) for calretinin, and 4.37 (95% CI 1.60-11.94) for MPF. The ORs for women were 28.89 (95% CI 7.32-113.99), 17.89 (95% CI 3.93-81.49), and 2.77 (95% CI 0.47-16.21), respectively. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating a combination of mesothelin, calretinin, and MPF, and demonstrating a sex effect for calretinin. The biomarker panel showed a good performance in a Mestizo-Mexican population, with high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of MPM.
Collapse
|
38
|
Telkes I, Kóbor P, Orbán J, Kovács-Öller T, Völgyi B, Buzás P. Connexin-36 distribution and layer-specific topography in the cat retina. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:2183-2197. [PMID: 31172263 PMCID: PMC6591202 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01876-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Connexin-36 (Cx36) is the major constituent of mammalian retinal gap junctions positioned in key signal pathways. Here, we examined the laminar and large-scale topographical distribution of Cx36 punctate immunolabels in the retina of the cat, a classical model of the mammalian visual system. Calretinin-immunoreactive (CaR-IR) cell populations served to outline the nuclear and plexiform layers and to stain specific neuronal populations. CaR-IR cells included horizontal cells in the outer retina, numerous amacrine cells, and scattered cells in the ganglion cell layer. Cx36-IR plaques were found among horizontal cell dendrites albeit without systematic colocalization of the two labels. Diffuse Cx36 immunoreactivity was found in the cytoplasm of AII amacrine cells, but no colocalization of Cx36 plaques was observed with either the perikarya or the long varicose dendrites of the CaR-IR non-AII amacrine cells. Cx36 puncta were seen throughout the entire inner plexiform layer showing their highest density in the ON sublamina. The densities of AII amacrine cell bodies and Cx36 plaques in the ON sublamina were strongly correlated across a wide range of eccentricities suggesting their anatomical association. However, the high number of plaques per AII cell suggests that a considerable fraction of Cx36 gap junctions in the ON sublamina is formed by other cell types than AII amacrine cells drawing attention to extensive but less studied electrically coupled networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Telkes
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Péter Kóbor
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - József Orbán
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kovács-Öller
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- Retinal Electrical Synapses Research Group, MTA-PTE NAP-2, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Béla Völgyi
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- Retinal Electrical Synapses Research Group, MTA-PTE NAP-2, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Péter Buzás
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kruse MS, Vadillo MJ, Miguelez Fernández AMM, Rey M, Zanutto BS, Coirini H. Sucrose exposure in juvenile rats produces long-term changes in fear memory and anxiety-like behavior. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 104:300-307. [PMID: 30928734 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sugar consumption has increased dramatically in our society, a phenomenon that is primarily associated with obesity and diabetes appearance. However, whether this overconsumption of sugar has an impact on the developing CNS remains unknown. This study investigated the long-term effects of unlimited access to sucrose using the two-bottle choice paradigm and the juvenile and adult effects were compared. Male Sprague Dawley rats had free access to water containing 10% sucrose and water during youth (PD 25-50) or adulthood (PD 75-100). Rats in the sucrose group, privileged to take sugary solution over the water. No weight differences were observed between the sucrose groups and their age-matched water controls. After treatment all animals drank only water for another 25 days. Frustration, measured as the amount of water drank after the sucrose period, was higher in young-exposed animals compared to adults. In addition, rats that consumed sucrose during youth travelled less the central zones of an open field. Sucrose consumption during youth also affected fear behavior as animals exhibited impaired extinction of fear memory compared to control, indicating that prefrontal and hippocampal function is impaired. In contrast, rats exposed to sucrose during adulthood did not behave significantly different from control on either task. The calretinin and parvalbumin GABAergic interneurons go through extensive remodeling during youth in the medial prefrontal cortex and the ventral hippocampus. Here, we found that rats exposed to sucrose during youth presented an increased expression of calretinin-immunoreactivity in the medial prefrontal cortex, but not in the ventral hippocampus, indicating that early sucrose consumption produces enduring effects on the GABA system. Altogether these results indicate that sugar overconsumption at early stages of life induces long-term effects on behaviors related to fear and anxiety in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Sol Kruse
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Martín Javier Vadillo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Mariana Rey
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bonifacio Silvano Zanutto
- Laboratorio de Biología del Comportamiento, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Héctor Coirini
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Depto. de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lienbacher K, Sänger K, Strassburger S, Ehrt O, Rudolph G, Barnerssoi M, Horn AKE. Extraocular muscles involved in convergence are innervated by an additional set of palisade endings that may differ in their excitability: A human study. Prog Brain Res 2019; 248:127-137. [PMID: 31239126 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Palisade endings are located at the myotendinous junction of extraocular muscles in most mammals. Irrespective of their unclarified function as motor or sensory nerve endings, a specialized role in convergence is proposed, based on their high number in the medial rectus muscle (MR). Further support comes from a study in monkey demonstrating that only the MR and inferior rectus muscle (IR) contain an additional population of palisade endings that express the calcium-binding protein calretinin (CR) in addition to choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Here we studied, whether CR-positive palisade endings are present in human as well and confined to extraocular muscles most active during convergence. The systematic analysis of all eye muscles of 17 human specimen revealed that only the MR and IR contain an additional population of CR-positive palisade endings and multiple en-grappe endings, which target non-twitch muscle fibers along their whole length. Approximately 80% of all palisade endings in the MR expressed CR. Furthermore, the intrafusal muscle fibers of some muscle spindles in the MR were innervated by CR-positive annulospiral nerve endings that transmit the signals of muscle length changes to the brain. All extraocular muscles contained few thin CR-positive, but ChAT-negative nerve fibers, possibly representing free sensory or autonomic endings arising from the trigeminal ganglion. As in monkey, in the medial periphery of the human oculomotor nucleus ChAT-positive neurons were found to co-express CR. Therefore these neurons most likely represent the cell bodies of CR-positive palisade endings in the MR. Unlike in monkey, these neurons do not lie within a compact cell group, but are more scattered. In conclusion, the MR and IR in human contain two histochemically different populations of palisade and multiple endings that may contribute to ocular alignment and convergence in a different way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Lienbacher
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders DSGZ, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Sänger
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Strassburger
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Ehrt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Günther Rudolph
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Miriam Barnerssoi
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Anja K E Horn
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders DSGZ, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Jeyaraj P. The dilemma of extensive unilocular radiolucent lesions of the jaws - value of immunohistochemistry as a diagnostic marker and prognostic Indicator. Ann Diagn Pathol 2019; 40:105-135. [PMID: 31077874 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Large Unilocular radiolucent lesions of the jaws often present a dilemma to both, the Oral Pathologist and the Maxillofacial surgeon with regards to their accurate diagnosis as well as their most appropriate treatment modality. A precise identification as to whether the lesion is a cyst or a tumor is imperative before any treatment is instituted. Once the correct diagnosis and likely prognosis are established, a management protocol can be planned which will completely eliminate the lesion, while at the same time, ensure least possible morbidity for the patient, such as pathological jaw fractures, persisting neurological deficits, esthetic deformity, functional debility, recurrence/persistence of the lesion, etc. AIM & OBJECTIVES: To establish the value of Immunohistochemistry (IH) as a Diagnostic marker and Prognostic indicator for extensive Unilocular radiolucent lesions of the jaws. To assess its role as an adjunct to Histopathological Examination (HPE) in distinguishing Odontogenic tumours from the cysts, by identifying the former using IH Tumor Markers; and in aiding in selection of the most appropriate and effective treatment option for each of such ambiguous lesions, based on their prognosis as indicated by the expression of lH Cell Proliferation Markers. MATERIALS AND METHOD Thirty cases of large Unilocular Radiolucent lesions of the jaws (Maxilla/Mandible) were managed over a period of three years. Histopathological examination (HPE) and Immunohistochemical (IH) analysis were carried out of the biopsy specimens in all the cases. Calretinin, an Immunohistochemical Tumor marker, was used to distinguish between Odontogenic cysts and tumours. Ki-67 and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA), Immunohistochemical Cell Proliferation markers, provided information on the aggressive potential of the lesions. On the basis of the above information, an appropriate management protocol was established for each of these different lesions. Nerve sparing enucleation and curettage was employed for the established cases of Odontogenic Cysts; Enucleation and curettage, peripheral ostectomy, followed by chemical cauterization was employed for the Unicystic Ameloblastomas and other Odontogenic tumours with a low Ki-67 and PCNA Proliferation Index (PI)/Labelling index (LI ≤ 3); Marginal resection was carried out for the tumours with a higher Labelling Index (LI >3 ≤5), and Segmental resection (including partial/complete Maxillectomy, Hemimandibulectomy with/without disarticulation) for the aggressive pathologies with high Labelling Index (LI > 5). RESULTS Of the thirty cases of large Unilocular radiolucent lesions of the Maxilla and Mandible, thirteen were diagnosed as Dentigerous cysts, one as Dentigerous cyst showing Ameloblastomatous transformation; two as Unicystic Ameloblastomas, one as the Mural variant of Unicystic Ameloblastoma; four as Follicular Ameloblastomas, two as Plexiform Ameloblastomas; four as Acanthomatous Ameloblastomas; one as Ameloblastic Fibroma and two as Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumours. The predictive and prognostic indication of the Immunohistochemical markers correlated well with the post treatment findings. CONCLUSION In cases of extensive Unilocular lesions of the jaws, where ambiguity often exists in both diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan to be employed, Immunohistochemistry can serve as an invaluable tool in establishing the precise diagnosis, guiding the treatment plan, as well as indicating the likely prognosis of these lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Jeyaraj
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Commanding Officer Military Dental Centre (Gough Lines), Secunderabad, India.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kwok AMF, Still AB, Hart K. Acquired segmental colonic hypoganglionosis in an adult Caucasian male: A case report. World J Gastrointest Surg 2019; 11:101-111. [PMID: 30842816 PMCID: PMC6397794 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v11.i2.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoganglionosis is a rare condition that most often presents with abnormal gastrointestinal transit and usually arises in early childhood or adolescence. Two types have been described (Type I and Type II). The adult-onset form (acquired hypoganglionosis) is extremely uncommon and is thought to arise due to cellular remodelling as a result of chronic inflammation. It differs from Hirschprung’s disease in that there is a reduction in ganglion cells in the colonic neural plexuses as opposed to being completely absent.
CASE SUMMARY A 31 year-old male presented to hospital with recurrent abdominal pain and vomiting over thirteen months. Abdominal computed tomography scans demonstrated thickening and stranding affecting the transverse, descending and sigmoid colon. Endoscopic appearances were non-specific but confirmed a mixed picture of mucosal inflammation and necrosis in various stages of healing. Numerous investigations were performed to elucidate an underlying aetiology but neither an infective nor ischaemic cause could be proven. Biopsy features were not typical of inflammatory bowel disease. Due to persistence of his symptoms and failure of medical management, a segmental colectomy was performed. Histological examination of the specimen revealed an unexpected finding of segmental hypoganglionosis. Complete surgical excision of the diseased segment of colon was curative and since his operation the patient has had no recurrence of symptoms requiring hospitalisation.
CONCLUSION Our case serves to raise awareness of acquired hypoganglionosis as a rare condition that can result from chronic colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allan MF Kwok
- Department of Surgery, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Andrew B Still
- Department of Surgery, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Kimberly Hart
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong NSW 2500, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Restović I, Bočina I, Vukojević K, Kero D, Filipović N, Raonić J, Vučinić J, Vukmirović F, Vučković L, Saraga-Babić M. Time course and expression pattern of the neuronal markers in the developing human spinal cord. Int J Dev Neurosci 2019; 74:1-10. [PMID: 30753937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the spatio-temporal appearance of different neuronal cell subtypes by analyzing expression patterns of several neuronal markers (calretinin, neurofilament 200 (NF200), vanilloid receptor 1(VR1) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)) of the embryonic human spinal cord (SC). Developing human SCs from 11 human conceptuses beetwen 5-10 developmental weeks (DW) were examined by light and electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. Light and electron microscopy revealed different embryonic stages of recognizable structure of the SC. NF200, CGRP and VR1 positive cells were observed in SCs during 5th-6th DW. NF200 was predominantly expressed in the ventral part, indicating presence of motoneurons. As development advanced, NF200 was mainly expressed in the marginal zone. Expression of CGRP was intense during all of the investigated periods, predominantly during the 5th-6th DW pointing to neural sensory differentiation, as opposed to the last DW when reduced expression of CGRP in the marginal layer indicated the terminations of the sensory afferents. Expression of VR1 was highest in the intermediate zone, at the beginning and at the end of the investigated periods, pointing to VR1 spatial pattern in the visceral afferents in the grey matter, while the first signs of calretinin were found in the 9th-10th DW ventrally. Delineating the relationships between factors involved in processes of neuronal differentiation as well as spatial and temporal arrangement of SC interrelated neurons can provide a useful information about normal SC development as well as the insight in possible causes of anomalies and disorders during embryonic life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Restović
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Split, Poljička cesta 35, 21 000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Ivana Bočina
- Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21 000, Split, Croatia.
| | - Katarina Vukojević
- School of Medicine, University of Split, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Laboratory for Early Human Development, Šoltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia.
| | - Darko Kero
- School of Medicine, University of Split, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Laboratory for Early Human Development, Šoltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia.
| | - Natalija Filipović
- School of Medicine, University of Split, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Laboratory for Early Human Development, Šoltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia; School of Medicine, University of Split, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Laboratory Neurocardiology, Šoltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia.
| | - Janja Raonić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro.
| | - Jelena Vučinić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro.
| | - Filip Vukmirović
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro.
| | - Ljiljana Vučković
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro.
| | - Mirna Saraga-Babić
- School of Medicine, University of Split, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Laboratory for Early Human Development, Šoltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hermanowicz-Sobieraj B, Bogus-Nowakowska K, Równiak M, Robak A. Ontogeny of calcium-binding proteins in the cingulate cortex of the guinea pig: The same onset but different developmental patterns. Ann Anat 2018; 222:103-113. [PMID: 30566895 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper compared the density of calbindin D28k (CB), calretinin (CR) and parvalbumin (PV) containing neurons in prenatal, newborn and postnatal periods in the cingulate cortex (CC) of the guinea pig as an animal model. The distribution and co-distribution among calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs) was also investigated during the entire ontogeny. The study found that CB-positive neurons exhibited the highest density in the developing CC. The CC development in the prenatal period took place with a high level of CB and CR immunoreactivity and both of these proteins reached peak density during fetal life. The density of PV-positive neurons, in contrast to CB and CR-positive neurons, reached high levels postnatally. The observed changes of the CaBPs-positive neuron density in the developing CC coincide with developmental events in the guinea pig. E.g. the eyes opening moment may be preceded by elevated levels of CB and CR at E50, whereas high immunoreactivity of PV from P10 to P40 with a peak at P20 may indicate the participation of PV in enhancement of the inhibitory cortical pathway maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beata Hermanowicz-Sobieraj
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Łódzki 3, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Krystyna Bogus-Nowakowska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Łódzki 3, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Maciej Równiak
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Łódzki 3, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Robak
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Łódzki 3, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lee ES, Lee JY, Kim GH, Jeon CJ. Identification of calretinin-expressing retinal ganglion cells projecting to the mouse superior colliculus. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 376:153-163. [PMID: 30506393 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2964-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In mice, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which consist of around 30 subtypes, exclusively transmit retinal information to the relevant brain systems through parallel visual pathways. The superior colliculus (SC) receives the vast majority of this information from several RGC subtypes. The objective of the current study is to identify the types of calretinin (CR)-expressing RGCs that project to the SC in mice. To label RGCs, we performed CR immunoreactivity in the mouse retina after injections of fluorescent dye, dextran into mouse SC. Subsequently, the neurons double-labeled for dextran and CR were iontophoretically injected with the lipophilic dye, DiI, to characterize the detailed morphological properties of these cells. The analysis of various morphological parameters, including dendritic arborization, dendritic field size and stratification, indicated that, of the ten different types of CR-expressing RGCs in the retina, the double-labeled cells consisted of at least eight types of RGCs that projected to the SC. These cells tended to have small-medium field sizes. However, except for dendritic field size, the cells did not exhibit consistent characteristics for the other morphometric parameters examined. The combination of a tracer and single-cell injections after immunohistochemistry for a particular molecule provided valuable data that confirmed the presence of distinct subtypes of RGCs within multiple-labeled RGCs that projected to specific brain regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Shil Lee
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, BK 21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, and Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Jea-Young Lee
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, USF Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Gil Hyun Kim
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, BK 21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, and Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Chang-Jin Jeon
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, BK 21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, and Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Katsarou AM, Li Q, Liu W, Moshé SL, Galanopoulou AS. Acquired parvalbumin-selective interneuronopathy in the multiple-hit model of infantile spasms: A putative basis for the partial responsiveness to vigabatrin analogs? Epilepsia Open 2018; 3:155-164. [PMID: 30564774 PMCID: PMC6293059 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
West syndrome, an age-specific epileptic encephalopathy, manifests with infantile spasms (IS) and impaired neurodevelopmental outcomes and epilepsy. The multiple-hit rat model of IS is a chronic model of IS due to structural etiology, in which spasms respond partially to vigabatrin analogs. Using this model, we investigated whether IS due to structural etiology may have deficits in parvalbumin (PRV) and somatostatin (SST) immunoreactive (-ir) interneurons, and calretinin-ir (CR-ir) neurons of the primary somatosensory cortex of postnatal day (PN) 20-24 rats, using specific immunohistochemical assays. PN3 Sprague-Dawley male rats underwent the multiple-hit induction protocol, were monitored until PN20-24, and were transcardially perfused to collect brains for histology. Age-matched sham and naive control male rats were also used. Coronal brain cryosections were stained with anti-PRV, anti-CR, and anti-SST antibodies, and regions of interest (ROIs) from the primary somatosensory cortices were selected to determine PRV-, CR-, and SST-ir cell counts and cortical ROI volumes, with blinding to experimental group. Statistical analyses were done using a linear mixed model accounting for repeated measures. We found PRV-ir interneuronal selective reduction, sparing of the CR-ir and SST-ir neurons, and bilateral cortical atrophy. Our findings provide evidence for acquired PRV-selective interneuronopathy, possibly underlying the pathogenesis of IS, neurodevelopmental deficits, and epilepsy, and potentially contributing to the partial response to vigabatrin analogs in this model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Katsarou
- Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx New York U.S.A
| | - Qianyun Li
- Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx New York U.S.A
| | - Wei Liu
- Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx New York U.S.A
| | - Solomon L Moshé
- Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx New York U.S.A.,Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy Isabelle Rapin Division of Child Neurology Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience Albert Einstein College of Medicine Einstein/Montefiore Epilepsy Center Montefiore Medical Center Bronx New York U.S.A.,Department of Pediatrics Albert Einstein College of Medicine Einstein/Montefiore Epilepsy Center Montefiore Medical Center Bronx New York U.S.A
| | - Aristea S Galanopoulou
- Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx New York U.S.A.,Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy Isabelle Rapin Division of Child Neurology Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience Albert Einstein College of Medicine Einstein/Montefiore Epilepsy Center Montefiore Medical Center Bronx New York U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Schilling F, Geppert CE, Strehl J, Hartmann A, Kuerten S, Brehmer A, Jabari S. Digital pathology imaging and computer-aided diagnostics as a novel tool for standardization of evaluation of aganglionic megacolon (Hirschsprung disease) histopathology. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 375:371-381. [PMID: 30175382 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2911-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Based on a recently introduced immunohistochemical panel (Bachmann et al. 2015) for aganglionic megacolon (AM), also known as Hirschsprung disease, histopathological diagnosis, we evaluated whether the use of digital pathology and 'machine learning' could help to obtain a reliable diagnosis. Slides were obtained from 31 specimens of 27 patients immunohistochemically stained for MAP2, calretinin, S100β and GLUT1. Slides were digitized by whole slide scanning. We used a Definiens Developer Tissue Studios as software for analysis. We configured necessary parameters in combination with 'machine learning' to identify pathological aberrations. A significant difference between AM- and non-AM-affected tissues was found for calretinin (AM 0.55% vs. non-AM 1.44%) and MAP2 (AM 0.004% vs. non-AM 0.07%) staining measurements and software-based evaluations. In contrast, S100β and GLUT1 staining measurements and software-based evaluations showed no significant differences between AM- and non-AM-affected tissues. However, no difference was found in comparison of suction biopsies with resections. Applying machine learning via an ensemble voting classifier, we achieved an accuracy of 87.5% on the test set. Automated diagnosis of AM by applying digital pathology on immunohistochemical panels was successful for calretinin and MAP2, whereas S100β and GLUT1 were not effective in diagnosis. Our method suggests that software-based approaches are capable of diagnosing AM. Our future challenge will be the improvement of efficiency by reduction of the time-consuming need for large pre-labelled training data. With increasing technical improvement, especially in unsupervised training procedures, this method could be helpful in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schilling
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstraße 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstraße 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carol E Geppert
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstraße 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johanna Strehl
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstraße 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstraße 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kuerten
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstraße 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Axel Brehmer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstraße 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Samir Jabari
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstraße 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany. .,Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstraße 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Dressen C, Schwaller B, Vegh G, Leleux F, Gall D, Lebrun P, Lybaert P. Characterization and potential roles of calretinin in rodent spermatozoa. Cell Calcium 2018; 74:94-101. [PMID: 30015247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Calretinin has been detected in various excitable cells but the presence and putative roles of such a calcium-binding protein has never been characterized in sperm. Epididymal spermatozoa were collected from C57Bl6 (wild-type, WT) or calretinin knockout (CR-/-) mice and Wistar rats. A specific staining for calretinin was detected by immunofluorescence in the principal piece of the flagellum, both in WT mouse and rat spermatozoa. Western blots confirmed the expression of calretinin in rat and WT spermatozoa as well as its absence in CR-/- mice. No significant difference was observed in the spontaneous acrosome reaction between WT and CR-/- sperm. The addition of the calcium-ionophore A-23187, Thapsigargin or Progesterone to WT or CR-/- incubated spermatozoa induced increases in the acrosome reaction but the stimulatory effects were identical in both genotypes. Motility measurements assessed by computer-assisted sperm analysis indicated that, under basal non-stimulatory conditions, CR-/- sperm exhibited a lower curvilinear velocity and a smaller lateral head movement amplitude, although no difference was observed for the beat cross frequency. After incubation with 25 mM NH4Cl, the curvilinear velocity, the amplitude of the lateral head movement and the hyperactivation were increased, while the beat cross frequency was decreased, in both genotypes. Evaluation of the in vivo fertility potential indicated that the CR-/- litter sizes were clearly reduced compared to the WT litter sizes. Our study describes, for the first time, the expression of calretinin in sperm. These data extend the potential implication of calcium-binding proteins in the sperm calcium-signaling cascade and bring new insights into the understanding of sperm physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Dressen
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Beat Schwaller
- Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Grégory Vegh
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fabienne Leleux
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Gall
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Lebrun
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pascale Lybaert
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Chen QQ, Haikal C, Li W, Li MT, Wang ZY, Li JY. Age-dependent alpha-synuclein accumulation and aggregation in the colon of a transgenic mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2018; 7:13. [PMID: 29988485 PMCID: PMC6026335 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-018-0118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, neuropathologically characterized by misfolded protein aggregation, called Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites. PD is a slow-progressive disease with colonic dysfunction appearing in the prodromal stage and lasting throughout the course of the disease. Methods In order to study PD pathology in the colon, we examined the age-dependent morphological and pathological changes in the colon of a PD mouse model expressing human wildtype α-synuclein (α-syn) fused with the green fluorescent protein (GFP), under the endogenous mouse α-syn promoter. Results We observed an age-dependent progressive expression and accumulation of α-syn-GFP in the enteric neurons of Meissner’s (submucosal) and Auerbach’s (myenteric) plexuses of the colon. Additionally, the phosphorylation of α-syn at serine 129 also increased with age and the aggregation of α-syn-GFP coincided with the appearance of motor deficits at 9 months of age. Furthermore, α-syn (-GFP) distinctly co-localized with different subtypes of neurons, as identified by immunohistochemical labeling of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and calretinin. Conclusions Our results show the development of α-syn pathology in the enteric neurons of the colon in a PD mouse model, which coincide with the appearance of motor deficits. Our mouse model possesses the potential and uniqueness for studying PD gastrointestinal dysfunction. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40035-018-0118-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Chen
- 1Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, 110819 Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Caroline Haikal
- 2Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC A10, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Wen Li
- 2Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC A10, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ming-Tao Li
- 3Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Rd.2, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- 4Institute of Heath Sciences, China Medical University, 110112 Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- 1Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, 110819 Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,2Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC A10, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Blum W, Henzi T, Châtel-Soulet HE, Pecze L, Rodriguez JW, Vrugt B, Schwaller B. Absence of calretinin protein expression in malignant mesotheliomas from asbestos-exposed NF2 +/- mice and mouse mesothelioma cell lines from various mouse strains. Biomark Res 2018; 6:19. [PMID: 29928505 PMCID: PMC5989366 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-018-0132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Calretinin is the most widespread positive marker for the immunohistochemical identification of malignant mesothelioma (MM) and was proposed to serve as a blood-based biomarker. Functionally, evidence has accumulated that calretinin might be implicated in MM tumorigenesis. We aimed to identify calretinin (CR; Calb2) in murine MM and reactive mesothelial cells in granuloma from asbestos-exposed NF2+/− mice, a line heterozygous for the tumor suppressor merlin (NF2), used as a mouse MM model. Additionally, we sought to ascertain the presence of calretinin in MM cell lines from other mouse strains. We also intended to investigate the role of calretinin in mesotheliomagenesis by comparing the survival of asbestos-exposed NF2+/− and NF2+/-CR−/− mice. Methods NF2+/− and NF2+/-CR−/− mice, both lines on a C57Bl/6J background, were exposed to asbestos following an established protocol. Tumor histology and asbestos-induced mortality were assessed. MM and granuloma from NF2+/− mice were analyzed with immunohistochemical methods for calretinin expression. Levels of Calb2 mRNA and calretinin expression in tumors and MM cell lines of various mouse strains were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Results No expression of calretinin at the protein level was detected, neither in MM from NF2+/− mice, NF2+/− MM-derived cell lines nor immortalized mesothelial cells of mouse origin. At the mRNA level we detected Calb2 expression in MM cell lines from different mouse strains. Survival of NF2+/− and NF2+/-CR−/− mice exposed to asbestos showed no significant difference in a log-rank (Kaplan-Meier) comparison. Conclusions The concomitant determination of calretinin and mesothelin blood levels has been proposed for early detection of human MM. Mouse MM models based on asbestos exposure are assumed to yield helpful information on the time course of appearance of mesothelin and calretinin in the blood of asbestos-treated mice determining the earliest time point for interventions. However, the observed absence of calretinin in MM from NF2+/− mice and derived cell lines, as well as from MM cells from Balb/c and C3H mice likely precludes the use of calretinin as a biomarker for mouse MM. The results also indicate possible species differences with respect to an involvement of calretinin in the formation of MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Blum
- 1Anatomy, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Henzi
- 1Anatomy, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Laszlo Pecze
- 1Anatomy, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Bart Vrugt
- 2Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Schwaller
- 1Anatomy, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|