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Epova EY, Shevelev AB, Shurubor YI, Cooper AJL, Biryukova YK, Bogdanova ES, Tyno YY, Lebedeva AA, Krasnikov BF. A novel efficient producer of human ω-amidase (Nit2) in Escherichia coli. Anal Biochem 2021; 632:114332. [PMID: 34391728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nit2/ω-amidase catalyzes the hydrolysis of α-ketoglutaramate (KGM, the α-keto acid analogue of glutamine) to α-ketoglutarate and ammonia. The enzyme also catalyzes the amide hydrolysis of monoamides of 4- and 5-C-dicarboxylates, including α-ketosuccinamate (KSM, the α-keto acid analogue of asparagine) and succinamate (SM). Here we describe an inexpensive procedure for high-yield expression of human Nit2 (hNit2) in Escherichia coli and purification of the expressed protein. This work includes: 1) the design of a genetic construct (pQE-Nit22) obtained from the previously described construct (pQE-Nit2) by replacing rare codons within an 81 bp-long DNA fragment "preferred" by E. coli near the translation initiation site; 2) methods for producing and maintaining the pQE-Nit22 construct; 3) purification of recombinant hNit2; and 4) activity measurements of the purified enzyme with KGM and SM. Important features of the hNit2 gene within the pQE-Nit22 construct are: 1) optimized codon composition, 2) the presence of an N-terminus His6 tag immediately after the initiating codon ATG (Met) that permits efficient purification of the end-product on a Ni-NTA-agarose column. We anticipate that the availability of high yield hNit2/ω-amidase will be helpful in elucidating the normal and pathological roles of this enzyme and in the design of specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Yu Epova
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexei B Shevelev
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Arthur J L Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Yulia K Biryukova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena S Bogdanova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yaroslav Ya Tyno
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Lebedeva
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris F Krasnikov
- Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
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Keijser JN, van Heuvelen MJG, Nyakas C, Tóth K, Schoemaker RG, Zeinstra E, van der Zee EA. WHOLE BODY VIBRATION IMPROVES ATTENTION AND MOTOR PERFORMANCE IN MICE DEPENDING ON THE DURATION OF THE WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION SESSION. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2017. [PMID: 28638875 PMCID: PMC5471459 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i4.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: Whole body vibration (WBV) is a form of physical stimulation via mechanical vibrations transmitted to a subject. It is assumed that WBV induces sensory stimulation in cortical brain regions through the activation of skin and muscle receptors responding to the vibration. The effects of WBV on muscle strength are well described. However, little is known about the impact of WBV on the brain. Recently, it was shown in humans that WBV improves attention in an acute WBV protocol. Preclinical research is needed to unravel the underlying brain mechanism. As a first step, we examined whether chronic WBV improves attention in mice. Material and Methods: A custom made vibrating platform for mice with low intensity vibrations was used. Male CD1 mice (3 months of age) received five weeks WBV (30 Hz; 1.9 G), five days a week with sessions of five (n=12) or 30 (n=10) minutes. Control mice (pseudo-WBV; n=12 and 10 for the five and 30 minute sessions, respectively) were treated in a similar way, but did not receive the actual vibration. Object recognition tasks were used as an attention test (novel and spatial object recognition – the primary outcome measure). A Balance beam was used for motor performance, serving as a secondary outcome measure. Results: WBV sessions of five (but not WBV sessions of 30 minutes) improved balance beam performance (mice gained 28% in time needed to cross the beam) and novel object recognition (mice paid significantly more attention to the novel object) as compared to pseudo WBV, but no change was found for spatial object performance (mice did not notice the relocation). Although 30 minutes WBV sessions were not beneficial, it did not impair either attention or motor performance. Conclusion: These results show that brief sessions of WBV improve, next to motor performance, attention for object recognition, but not spatial cues of the objects. The selective improvement of attention in mice opens the avenue to unravel the underlying brain mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan N Keijser
- Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke J G van Heuvelen
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Csaba Nyakas
- Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Research Center for Sport and Natural Sciences, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kata Tóth
- Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Research Center for Sport and Natural Sciences, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Regien G Schoemaker
- Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Edzard Zeinstra
- Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eddy A van der Zee
- Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Mulder CK, Gerkema MP, Van der Zee EA. Role of Aging and Hippocampus in Time-Place Learning: Link to Episodic-Like Memory? Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 9:362. [PMID: 26834595 PMCID: PMC4717310 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With time-place learning (TPL), animals link an event with the spatial location and the time of day (TOD). The what-where-when TPL components make the task putatively episodic-like in nature. Animals use an internal sense of time to master TPL, which is circadian system based. Finding indications for a role of the hippocampus and (early) aging-sensitivity in TPL would strengthen the episodic-like memory nature of the paradigm. METHODS Previously, we used C57Bl/6 mice for our TPL research. Here, we used CD1 mice which are less hippocampal-driven and age faster compared to C57Bl/6 mice. To demonstrate the low degree of hippocampal-driven performance in CD1 mice, a cross maze was used. The spontaneous alternation test was used to score spatial working memory in CD1 mice at four different age categories (young (3-6 months), middle-aged (7-11 months), aged (12-18 months) and old (>19 months). TPL performance of middle-aged and aged CD1 mice was tested in a setup with either two or three time points per day (2-arm or 3-arm TPL task). Immunostainings were applied on brains of young and middle-aged C57Bl/6 mice that had successfully mastered the 3-arm TPL task. RESULTS In contrast to C57Bl/6 mice, middle-aged and aged CD1 mice were less hippocampus-driven and failed to master the 3-arm TPL task. They could, however, master the 2-arm TPL task primarily via an ordinal (non-circadian) timing system. c-Fos, CRY2, vasopressin (AVP), and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB) were investigated. We found no differences at the level of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN; circadian master clock), whereas CRY2 expression was increased in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). The most pronounced difference between TPL trained and control mice was found in c-Fos expression in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus, a circadian system relay station. CONCLUSIONS These results further indicate a key role of CRY proteins in TPL and confirm the limited role of the SCN in TPL. Based on the poor TPL performance of CD1 mice, the results suggest age-sensitivity and hippocampal involvement in TPL. We suspect that TPL reflects an episodic-like memory task, but due to its functional nature, also entail the translation of experienced episodes into semantic rules acquired by training.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Mulder
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands; Department of Chronobiology, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | - M P Gerkema
- Department of Chronobiology, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands
| | - E A Van der Zee
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands
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Subramaniyan S, Heo S, Patil S, Li L, Hoger H, Pollak A, Lubec G. A hippocampal nicotinic acetylcholine alpha 7-containing receptor complex is linked to memory retrieval in the multiple-T-maze in C57BL/6j mice. Behav Brain Res 2014; 270:137-45. [PMID: 24837029 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The link between the cholinergic and serotonergic system in cognitive function is well-documented. There is, however, limited information on spatial memory and this formed the rationale to carry out a study with the aim to show a specific link between nicotinic and serotonergic receptor complexes rather than the corresponding subunits, to spatial memory retrieval in a land maze. A total of 46 mice were used and divided into two groups, trained and untrained (yoked) in the multiple-T-Maze (MTM) and following training during the first four days, probe trials for memory retrieval were performed on days 8, 16 and 30. Six hours following scarification, hippocampi were taken for the analysis of native receptor complex levels using blue-native gels followed by immunoblotting with specific antibodies. 5-HT1A-, 5-HT7-, nAChα4- and nACh-α7-containing receptor complexes were observed and were paralleling memory retrievals and receptor complex levels were shown to be significantly different between trained and yoked animals. Only levels of a nicotinic acetylcholine α7 receptor-containing complex at an apparent molecular weight of approximately 480kDa were shown to be linked to memory retrieval on day 8 but not to retrievals on days 16 and 30 when memory extinction has taken place. Correlation between nAChα4-, 5-HT1A- and 5-HT7-containing receptors and latencies on day 16 may point to a probable link in extinction mechanisms. A series of the abovementioned receptor complexes were correlating among each other probably indicating a serotonergic/cholinergic network paralleling spatial memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraswathi Subramaniyan
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria Währinger Gürtel 18, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Seok Heo
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria Währinger Gürtel 18, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sudarshan Patil
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria Währinger Gürtel 18, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria Währinger Gürtel 18, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Hoger
- Abteilung für Labortierkunde und - genetik, Medical University of Vienna, Brauhausgasse 34, A 2325 Himberg, Austria
| | - Arnold Pollak
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria Währinger Gürtel 18, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gert Lubec
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria Währinger Gürtel 18, A 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Li L, Csaszar E, Szodorai E, Patil S, Pollak A, Lubec G. The differential hippocampal phosphoproteome of Apodemus sylvaticus paralleling spatial memory retrieval in the Barnes maze. Behav Brain Res 2014; 264:126-34. [PMID: 24509310 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a well-known and well-documented mechanism in memory processes. Although a large series of protein kinases involved in memory processes have been reported, information on phosphoproteins is limited. It was therefore the aim of the study to determine a partial and differential phosphoproteome along with the corresponding network in hippocampus of a wild caught mouse strain with excellent performance in several paradigms of spatial memory. Apodemus sylvaticus mice were trained in the Barnes maze, a non-invasive test system for spatial memory and untrained mice served as controls. Animals were sacrificed 6h following memory retrieval, hippocampi were taken, proteins extracted and in-solution digestion was carried out with subsequent iTRAQ double labelling. Phosphopeptides were enriched by a TiO2-based method and semi-quantified using two fragmentation principles on the LTQ-orbitrap Velos. In hippocampi of trained animals phosphopeptide levels representing signalling, neuronal, synaptosomal, cytoskeletal and metabolism proteins were at least twofold reduced or increased. Furthermore, a network revealing a link to pathways of ubiquitination, the androgen receptor, small GTPase Rab5 and MAPK signaling as well as synucleins was constructed. This work is relevant for interpretation of previous work and the design of future studies on protein phosphorylation in spatial memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Edina Csaszar
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories GmbH, Mass Spectrometry Facility, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Edit Szodorai
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sudarshan Patil
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Arnold Pollak
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gert Lubec
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Heo S, Csaszar E, Jung G, Beuk T, Höger H, Lubec G. Hippocampal levels and activity of the sodium/potassium transporting ATPase subunit α-3 (AT1A3) are paralleling memory training in the multiple T-maze in the C57BL/6J mouse. Neurochem Int 2012; 61:702-12. [PMID: 22797008 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although the sodium/potassium transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 (AT1A3) has been linked to memory mechanisms in rodents, regulation of this ATPase in terms of activity and complex levels by memory performance in a land maze has not been shown so far. It was therefore the aim of the study to link memory retrieval in the multiple T-Maze (MTM) to AT1A3 protein levels and activity. C57BL/6J mice were trained in the MTM and euthanized 6h following memory retrieval. Hippocampal membrane proteins were prepared by ultracentrifugation and run on blue native gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE). Enzyme activity was evaluated using an in-gel method. AT1A3 protein was characterized using mass spectrometry (nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS). On BN-PAGE a single band was observed at 240 kDa, which corresponds to the dimeric form of the enzyme. Higher levels of AT1A3 complex were seen in trained mice. Also ATPase activity was higher in trained mice, and was observed both at 110 and at 240 kDa. Mass spectrometry unambiguously identified AT1A3 with 98.91% sequence coverage. A series of novel AT1A3 phosphorylation sites were detected. Taken together, it was shown that increased AT1A3 protein levels for the dimer as well as AT1A3 activity represented by the monomer and the dimer were paralleling memory training in the MTM. This may be relevant for understanding the role of the catalytic hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane that generates the electrochemical gradient of sodium and potassium ions. Herein, we provide evidence for a possible role of AT1A3 in memory mechanisms and support previous findings using different animal models for memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Heo
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Lubec G. Introduction to the special section on proteins and proteomics. Hippocampus 2012; 22:927-8. [PMID: 22488714 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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