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Krall R, Gale JR, Ross MM, Tzounopoulos T, Aizenman E. Intracellular zinc signaling influences NMDA receptor function by enhancing the interaction of ZnT1 with GluN2A. Neurosci Lett 2022; 790:136896. [PMID: 36202195 PMCID: PMC10153101 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Zinc, loaded into glutamate-containing presynaptic vesicles and released into the synapse in an activity-dependent manner, modulates neurotransmission through its actions on postsynaptic targets, prominently via high-affinity inhibition of GluN2A-containing NMDA receptors. Recently, we identified a postsynaptic transport mechanism that regulates endogenous zinc inhibition of NMDARs. In this new model of zinc regulation, the postsynaptic transporter ZnT1 mediates zinc inhibition of NMDARs by binding to GluN2A. Through this interaction, ZnT1, a transporter that moves zinc from the cytoplasm to the extracellular domain, generates a zinc microdomain that modulates NMDAR-mediated neurotransmission. As ZnT1 expression is transcriptionally driven by the metal-responsive transcription factor 1 (MTF-1), we found that intracellular zinc strongly drives MTF-1 in cortical neurons in vitro and increases the number of GluN2A-ZnT1 interactions, thereby enhancing tonic zinc inhibition of NMDAR-mediated currents. Importantly, this effect is absent when the interaction between GluN2A and ZnT1 is disrupted by a cell-permeable peptide. These results suggest that zinc-regulated gene expression can dynamically regulate NMDAR-mediated synaptic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Krall
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Pittsburgh Hearing Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jenna R Gale
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Madeline M Ross
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thanos Tzounopoulos
- Pittsburgh Hearing Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elias Aizenman
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Pittsburgh Hearing Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Takeda A. [Brain Function and Pathophysiology Focused on Zn 2+ Dynamics]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2022; 142:855-866. [PMID: 35908946 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.22-00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The basal levels of intracellular Zn2+ and extracellular Zn2+ are in the range of ~100 pM and ~10 nM, respectively, in the brain. Extracellular Zn2+ dynamics is involved in both cognitive performance and neurodegeneration. The bidirectional actions are linked with extracellular glutamate and amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ1-42). Intracellular Zn2+ signaling via extracellular glutamate is required for learning and memory, while intracellular Zn2+ dysregulation induces cognitive decline. Furthermore, human Aβ1-42, a causative peptide in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis captures extracellular Zn2+ and readily taken up into hippocampal neurons followed by intracellular Zn2+ dysregulation. Aβ1-42-mediated intracellular Zn2+ dysregulation is accelerated with aging, because extracellular Zn2+ is age-relatedly increased, resulting in Aβ1-42-induced cognitive decline and neurodegeneration with aging. On the other hand, metallothioneins, zinc-binding proteins can capture Zn2+ released from intracellular Zn-Aβ1-42 complexes and serve for intracellular Zn2+-buffering to maintain intracellular Zn2+ homeostasis. This review summarizes Zn2+ function and its neurotoxicity in the brain, and also the potential defense strategy via metallothioneins against Aβ1-42-induced pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Takeda
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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Stangler LA, Kouzani A, Bennet KE, Dumee L, Berk M, Worrell GA, Steele S, Burns TC, Howe CL. Microdialysis and microperfusion electrodes in neurologic disease monitoring. Fluids Barriers CNS 2021; 18:52. [PMID: 34852829 PMCID: PMC8638547 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-021-00292-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Contemporary biomarker collection techniques in blood and cerebrospinal fluid have to date offered only modest clinical insights into neurologic diseases such as epilepsy and glioma. Conversely, the collection of human electroencephalography (EEG) data has long been the standard of care in these patients, enabling individualized insights for therapy and revealing fundamental principles of human neurophysiology. Increasing interest exists in simultaneously measuring neurochemical biomarkers and electrophysiological data to enhance our understanding of human disease mechanisms. This review compares microdialysis, microperfusion, and implanted EEG probe architectures and performance parameters. Invasive consequences of probe implantation are also investigated along with the functional impact of biofouling. Finally, previously developed microdialysis electrodes and microperfusion electrodes are reviewed in preclinical and clinical settings. Critically, current and precedent microdialysis and microperfusion probes lack the ability to collect neurochemical data that is spatially and temporally coincident with EEG data derived from depth electrodes. This ultimately limits diagnostic and therapeutic progress in epilepsy and glioma research. However, this gap also provides a unique opportunity to create a dual-sensing technology that will provide unprecedented insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of human neurologic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Stangler
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, 3216, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 55905, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Abbas Kouzani
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, 3216, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kevin E Bennet
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, 3216, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 55905, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ludovic Dumee
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, 3216, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, 3216, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Steven Steele
- Division of Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 55905, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Terence C Burns
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, 55905, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Charles L Howe
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 55905, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Division of Experimental Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 55905, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Center for MS and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 55905, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Sato Y, Takiguchi M, Tamano H, Takeda A. Extracellular Zn 2+-Dependent Amyloid-β 1-42 Neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:53-61. [PMID: 32281074 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02131-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The basal level of extracellular Zn2+ is in the range of low nanomolar (~ 10 nM) in the hippocampus. However, extracellular Zn2+ dynamics plays a key role for not only cognitive activity but also cognitive decline. Extracellular Zn2+ dynamics is modified by glutamatergic synapse excitation and the presence of amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ1-42), a causative peptide in Alzheimer's disease (AD). When human Aβ1-42 reaches high picomolar (> 100 pM) in the extracellular compartment of the rat dentate gyrus, Zn-Aβ1-42 complexes are readily formed and taken up into dentate granule cells, followed by Aβ1-42-induced cognitive decline that is linked with Zn2+ released from intracellular Zn-Aβ1-42 complexes. Aβ1-42-induced intracellular Zn2+ toxicity is accelerated with aging because of age-related increase in extracellular Zn2+. The recent findings suggest that Aβ1-42 secreted continuously from neuron terminals causes age-related cognitive decline and neurodegeneration via intracellular Zn2+ dysregulation. On the other hand, metallothioneins (MTs), zinc-binding proteins, quickly serve for intracellular Zn2+-buffering under acute intracellular Zn2+ dysregulation. On the basis of the idea that the defense strategy against Aβ1-42-induced pathogenesis leads to preventing the AD development, this review deals with extracellular Zn2+-dependent Aβ1-42 neurotoxicity, which is accelerated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Sato
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Mako Takiguchi
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Haruna Tamano
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takeda
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
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Intracellular Zn 2+ transients modulate global gene expression in dissociated rat hippocampal neurons. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9411. [PMID: 31253848 PMCID: PMC6598991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45844-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn2+) is an integral component of many proteins and has been shown to act in a regulatory capacity in different mammalian systems, including as a neurotransmitter in neurons throughout the brain. While Zn2+ plays an important role in modulating neuronal potentiation and synaptic plasticity, little is known about the signaling mechanisms of this regulation. In dissociated rat hippocampal neuron cultures, we used fluorescent Zn2+ sensors to rigorously define resting Zn2+ levels and stimulation-dependent intracellular Zn2+ dynamics, and we performed RNA-Seq to characterize Zn2+-dependent transcriptional effects upon stimulation. We found that relatively small changes in cytosolic Zn2+ during stimulation altered expression levels of 931 genes, and these Zn2+ dynamics induced transcription of many genes implicated in neurite expansion and synaptic growth. Additionally, while we were unable to verify the presence of synaptic Zn2+ in these cultures, we did detect the synaptic vesicle Zn2+ transporter ZnT3 and found it to be substantially upregulated by cytosolic Zn2+ increases. These results provide the first global sequencing-based examination of Zn2+-dependent changes in transcription and identify genes that may mediate Zn2+-dependent processes and functions.
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Takeda A, Tamano H. Is Vulnerability of the Dentate Gyrus to Aging and Amyloid-β 1-42 Neurotoxicity Linked with Modified Extracellular Zn 2+ Dynamics? Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:995-1000. [PMID: 29962410 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The basal levels of extracellular Zn2+ are in the range of low nanomolar concentrations in the hippocampus and perhaps increase age-dependently. Extracellular Zn2+ dynamics is critical for cognitive activity and excess influx of extracellular Zn2+ into hippocampal neurons is a known cause of cognitive decline. The dentate gyrus is vulnerable to aging in the hippocampus and affected in the early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The reasons remain unclear. Neurogenesis-related apoptosis may induce non-specific neuronal depolarization by efflux of intracellular K+ in the dentate gyrus and be markedly increased along with aging. Extracellular Zn2+ influx into dentate granule cells via high K+-induced perforant pathway excitation leads to cognitive decline. Modified extracellular Zn2+ dynamics in the dentate gyrus of aged rats is linked with vulnerability to cognitive decline. Amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ1-42) is a causative candidate for AD pathogenesis. When Aβ1-42 concentration reaches picomolar in the extracellular compartment in the dentate gyrus, Zn-Aβ1-42 is formed in the extracellular compartment and rapidly taken up into dentate granule cells, followed by Aβ1-42-induced cognitive decline that is due to Zn2+ released from Aβ1-42, suggesting that dentate granule cells are sensitive to extracellular Zn2+-dependent Aβ1-42 toxicity. This paper deals with proposed vulnerability of the dentate gyrus to aging and Aβ1-42 neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Takeda
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Haruna Tamano
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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Takeda A, Tamano H. The Impact of Synaptic Zn 2+ Dynamics on Cognition and Its Decline. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112411. [PMID: 29135924 PMCID: PMC5713379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The basal levels of extracellular Zn2+ are in the range of low nanomolar concentrations and less attention has been paid to Zn2+, compared to Ca2+, for synaptic activity. However, extracellular Zn2+ is necessary for synaptic activity. The basal levels of extracellular zinc are age-dependently increased in the rat hippocampus, implying that the basal levels of extracellular Zn2+ are also increased age-dependently and that extracellular Zn2+ dynamics are linked with age-related cognitive function and dysfunction. In the hippocampus, the influx of extracellular Zn2+ into postsynaptic neurons, which is often linked with Zn2+ release from neuron terminals, is critical for cognitive activity via long-term potentiation (LTP). In contrast, the excess influx of extracellular Zn2+ into postsynaptic neurons induces cognitive decline. Interestingly, the excess influx of extracellular Zn2+ more readily occurs in aged dentate granule cells and intracellular Zn2+-buffering, which is assessed with ZnAF-2DA, is weakened in the aged dentate granule cells. Characteristics (easiness) of extracellular Zn2+ influx seem to be linked with the weakened intracellular Zn2+-buffering in the aged dentate gyrus. This paper deals with the impact of synaptic Zn2+ signaling on cognition and its decline in comparison with synaptic Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Takeda
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Hanuna Tamano
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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