1
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Vastakaite G, Budinská A, Bögli CL, Boll LB, Wennemers H. Kinetic Resolution of β-Branched Aldehydes through Peptide-Catalyzed Conjugate Addition Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19101-19107. [PMID: 38960380 PMCID: PMC11258695 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The catalytic kinetic resolution of racemic β-branched aldehydes offers a straightforward stereoselective entry to aldehydes and addition products. Yet, control over stereoselectivity is difficult due to the conformational flexibility of β-branched aldehydes. Here, we show that the peptide catalyst H-dPro-αMePro-Glu-NH2 resolves β-branched aldehydes through reaction with nitroolefins and provides γ-nitroaldehydes with three consecutive stereogenic centers in high yields and stereoselectivities. Kinetic, NMR spectroscopic, and computational studies provided insights into the selectivity-determining step and origins of the kinetic resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claude L. Bögli
- Laboratorium für
Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, D-CHAB, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Linus B. Boll
- Laboratorium für
Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, D-CHAB, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Helma Wennemers
- Laboratorium für
Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, D-CHAB, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
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2
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Xu Z, Li X, Rose JA, Herzon SB. Finding activity through rigidity: syntheses of natural products containing tricyclic bridgehead carbon centers. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1393-1431. [PMID: 37140079 PMCID: PMC10472132 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00008g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2022Tricyclic bridgehead carbon centers (TBCCs) are a synthetically challenging substructure found in many complex natural products. Here we review the syntheses of ten representative families of TBCC-containing isolates, with the goal of outlining the strategies and tactics used to install these centers, including a discussion of the evolution of the successful synthetic design. We provide a summary of common strategies to inform future synthetic endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA.
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA.
| | - John A Rose
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA.
| | - Seth B Herzon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA.
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
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3
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Vaghi F, Facchetti G, Rimoldi I, Bottiglieri M, Contini A, Gelmi ML, Bucci R. Highly efficient morpholine-based organocatalysts for the 1,4-addition reaction between aldehydes and nitroolefins: an unexploited class of catalysts. Front Chem 2023; 11:1233097. [PMID: 37638101 PMCID: PMC10451084 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1233097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated how the pyrrolidine nucleus is more efficient than the corresponding piperidine or morpholine as organocatalysts in the condensation of aldehydes with electrophiles via enamine. Focussing on morpholine-enamines, their low reactivity is ascribed to the presence of oxygen on the ring and to the pronounced pyramidalisation of nitrogen, decreasing the nucleophilicity of the enamine. Thus, the selection of efficient morpholine organocatalysts appears to be a difficult challenge. Herein, we reported on the synthesis of new organocatalysts belonging to the class of ß-morpholine amino acids that were tested in a model reaction, i.e., the 1,4-addition reaction of aldehydes to nitroolefins. Starting from commercially available amino acids and epichlorohydrin, we designed an efficient synthesis for the aforementioned catalysts, controlling the configuration and the substitution pattern. Computational studies indeed disclosed the transition state of the reaction, explaining why, despite all the limitations of the morpholine ring for enamine catalysis, our best catalyst works efficiently, affording condensation products with excellent yields, diastereoselection and good-to-exquisite enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Raffaella Bucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, DISFARM, Sezione Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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4
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Yoshida M. Asymmetric Synthesis of a Quaternary Carbon Stereogenic Center by Organocatalysis Using a Primary Amino Acid and Its Salt. CHEM REC 2023:e202200276. [PMID: 36732858 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this personal account, our recent developments on the asymmetric synthesis of a quaternary carbon stereogenic center by organocatalysis using a primary amino acid and its salt as a catalyst are described in three chapters: (1) conjugate addition to nitroalkenes and vinyl ketones, (2) nucleophilic addition to π-allyl palladium complexes, and (3) nucleophilic substitution reactions with allyl and propargyl halides. By these methods, asymmetric α-allylation of α-branched aldehydes and ketones smoothly proceeded to give γ-nitroaldehydes, ketoaldehydes, α-allylated aldehydes, and α-allylated β-ketoesters possessing a quaternary carbon stereogenic center in good yields with high enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Yoshida
- Liberal Arts and Sciences, National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Asahikawa College, 2-1-6, Shunkodai 2 jo, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 071-8142, Japan
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5
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Han J, Escorihuela J, Fustero S, Landa A, Soloshonok VA, Sorochinsky A. Asymmetric Michael Addition in Synthesis of β-Substituted GABA Derivatives. Molecules 2022; 27:3797. [PMID: 35744921 PMCID: PMC9231165 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) represents one of the most prolific structural units widely used in the design of modern pharmaceuticals. For example, β-substituted GABA derivatives are found in numerous neurological drugs, such as baclofen, phenibut, tolibut, pregabalin, phenylpiracetam, brivaracetam, and rolipram, to mention just a few. In this review, we critically discuss the literature data reported on the preparation of substituted GABA derivatives using the Michael addition reaction as a key synthetic transformation. Special attention is paid to asymmetric methods featuring synthetically useful stereochemical outcomes and operational simplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Jorge Escorihuela
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain;
| | - Santos Fustero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain;
| | - Aitor Landa
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain; (A.L.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Vadim A. Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain; (A.L.); (V.A.S.)
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Alameda Urquijo 36-5, Plaza Bizkaia, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alexander Sorochinsky
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 1 Murmanska Str., 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
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6
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Pasuparthy SD, Maiti B. Enantioselective Organocatalytic Michael Addition Reactions Catalyzed by Proline/Prolinol/Supported Proline based Organocatalysts: An Overview. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Deepak Pasuparthy
- Department of Chemistry School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 India
| | - Barnali Maiti
- Department of Chemistry School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 India
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7
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Organocatalysis for the Asymmetric Michael Addition of Cycloketones and α, β-Unsaturated Nitroalkenes. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11081004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Michael addition is one of the most important carbon–carbon bond formation reactions. In this study, an (R, R)-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine (DPEN)-based thiourea organocatalyst was applied to the asymmetric Michael addition of nitroalkenes and cycloketones to produce a chiral product. The primary amine moiety in DPEN reacts with the ketone to form an enamine and is activated through the hydrogen bond formation between the nitro group in the α, β-unsaturated nitroalkene and thiourea. Here, the aim was to obtain an asymmetric Michael product through the 1,4-addition of the enamine to an alkene to form a new carbon–carbon bond. As a result, the primary amine of the chiral diamine was converted into an enamine. The reaction proceeded with a relatively high level of enantioselectivity achieved using double activation through the hydrogen bonding of the nitro group and thiourea. Michael products with high levels of enantioselectivity (76–99% syn ee) and diastereoselectivity (syn/anti = 9/1) were obtained with yields in the range of 88–99% depending on the ketone.
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8
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Proline and 1-(2-(benzoxazole-2-yl)phenyl)-3-phenylthiourea supramolecular organocatalyst in asymmetric aldol reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Ma G, Afewerki S, Zhang K, Ibrahem I, Córdova A. Accelerating Amine‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Reactions by Intermolecular Cooperative Thiourea/Oxime Hydrogen‐Bond Catalysis. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangning Ma
- Department of Natural Sciences Engineering and Mathematics Mid Sweden University 851 70 Sundsvall Sweden
| | - Samson Afewerki
- Department of Natural Sciences Engineering and Mathematics Mid Sweden University 851 70 Sundsvall Sweden
| | - Kaiheng Zhang
- Department of Natural Sciences Engineering and Mathematics Mid Sweden University 851 70 Sundsvall Sweden
| | - Ismail Ibrahem
- Department of Natural Sciences Engineering and Mathematics Mid Sweden University 851 70 Sundsvall Sweden
| | - Armando Córdova
- Department of Natural Sciences Engineering and Mathematics Mid Sweden University 851 70 Sundsvall Sweden
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10
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Wang PY, Massad I, Marek I. Stereoselective Sc(OTf) 3 -Catalyzed Aldol Reactions of Disubstituted Silyl Enol Ethers of Aldehydes with Acetals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12765-12769. [PMID: 33779017 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Facile and modular access to stereodefined disubstituted aldehyde-derived silyl enol ethers allowed their successful application in a stereoselective aldol reaction affording the products with excellent yields and diastereomeric ratios. The counter-intuitive stereochemical behavior of this Mukaiyama-aldol reaction is accounted for by a non-classical open transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter-Yong Wang
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-, Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200009, Israel
| | - Itai Massad
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-, Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200009, Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-, Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200009, Israel
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11
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Wang P, Massad I, Marek I. Stereoselective Sc(OTf)
3
‐Catalyzed Aldol Reactions of Disubstituted Silyl Enol Ethers of Aldehydes with Acetals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter‐Yong Wang
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion— Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200009 Israel
| | - Itai Massad
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion— Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200009 Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion— Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200009 Israel
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12
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Work EM, Ferraudi G, Kiefer L, Liu G, Grigalunas M, Bhardwaj A, Kaur R, Dempsey JM, Wüstner D, Helquist P, Wiest O. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of a Luminescent Cholesterol Mimic. J Org Chem 2021; 86:1612-1621. [PMID: 33369429 PMCID: PMC8126345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of new chemical tools with improved properties is essential to chemical and cell biology. Of particular interest is the development of mimics of small molecules with important cellular function that allow the direct observation of their trafficking in a cell. To this end, a novel 15-azasterol has been designed and synthesized as a luminescent cholesterol mimic for the monitoring of cholesterol trafficking. The brightness of this probe, which is ∼32-times greater than the widely used dehydroergosterol probe, is combined with resistance to photobleaching in solution and in human fibroblasts and an exceptionally large Stokes-like shift of ∼150-200 nm. The photophysical properties of the probe have been studied experimentally and computationally, suggesting an intersystem crossing to the triplet excited state with subsequent phosphorescent decay. Molecular dynamics simulations show a similar binding mode of cholesterol and the azasterol probe to NPC proteins, demonstrating the structural similarity of the probe to cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Work
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46566, United States
| | - Guillermo Ferraudi
- Radiation Research Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Luke Kiefer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46566, United States
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46566, United States
| | - Michael Grigalunas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46566, United States
| | - Atul Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46566, United States
| | - Rasmin Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Janel M. Dempsey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46566, United States
| | - Daniel Wüstner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Paul Helquist
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46566, United States
| | - Olaf Wiest
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46566, United States
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13
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Ochiai H, Nishiyama A, Haraguchi N, Itsuno S. Polymer-Supported Chiral Cis-Disubstituted Pyrrolidine Catalysts and Their Application to Batch and Continuous-Flow Systems. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Ochiai
- Pharma & Supplemental Nutrition Solutions Vehicle, Pharma Business Division, Kaneka Cooperation, 1-8 Miyamae-cho, Takasago-cho, Takasago, Hyogo 676-8688, Japan
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Pharma & Supplemental Nutrition Solutions Vehicle, Pharma Business Division, Kaneka Cooperation, 1-8 Miyamae-cho, Takasago-cho, Takasago, Hyogo 676-8688, Japan
| | - Naoki Haraguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Shinichi Itsuno
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan
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14
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Van Craen D, Begall J, Großkurth J, Himmel L, Linnenberg O, Isaak E, Albrecht M. Hierarchically assembled helicates as reaction platform - from stoichiometric Diels-Alder reactions to enamine catalysis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2338-2345. [PMID: 33029252 PMCID: PMC7522461 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The stereoselectivity of a Diels-Alder reaction within the periphery of hierarchically assembled titanium(IV) helicates formed from mixtures of achiral, reactive and chiral, unreactive ligands was investigated in detail. Following the pathway of the chiral induction, the chiral ligands, solvents as well as substituents at the dienophile were carefully varied. Based on the results of the stoichiometric reaction, a secondary amine-catalyzed nitro-Michael reaction is performed as well which afforded reasonable diastereoselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Van Craen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jenny Begall
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Johannes Großkurth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Leonard Himmel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Oliver Linnenberg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Isaak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Albrecht
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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15
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Darapaneni CM, Ghosh P, Ghosh T, Maayan G. Unique β‐Turn Peptoid Structures and Their Application as Asymmetric Catalysts. Chemistry 2020; 26:9573-9579. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pritam Ghosh
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200008 Israel
| | - Totan Ghosh
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200008 Israel
| | - Galia Maayan
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200008 Israel
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16
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Rodriguez L, Fišera R, Gaálová B, Koči K, Bujdáková H, Mečiarová M, Górová R, Jurdáková H, Šebesta R. Synthesis of Chiral 3,4-Disubstituted Pyrrolidines with Antibacterial Properties. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roman Fišera
- SYNKOLA Ltd.; Ilkovičova 6 84215 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Barbora Gaálová
- Comenius University in Bratislava; 84215 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Kamila Koči
- Comenius University in Bratislava; 84215 Bratislava Slovakia
| | | | - Mária Mečiarová
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Comenius University in Bratislava; Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6 84215 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Renáta Górová
- Institute of Chemistry; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Comenius University in Bratislava; 84215 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Helena Jurdáková
- Institute of Chemistry; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Comenius University in Bratislava; 84215 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Radovan Šebesta
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Comenius University in Bratislava; Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6 84215 Bratislava Slovakia
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17
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Chen S, Wong JJ, Houk KN. Mechanism of the Manolikakes Enamide-Based Domino Reaction for the Stereospecific Construction of Tetrahydropyrans. J Org Chem 2020; 85:3806-3811. [PMID: 32017561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism and stereoselectivity of the BF3-catalyzed, enamide-based domino reaction developed by Manolikakes et al. for tetrahydropyran synthesis have been studied using density functional theory calculations. All σ-bond formations were found to proceed through highly ordered cyclic or bicyclic transition states, leading to remarkable levels of diastereoselectivity. The role of the BF3 catalyst was demonstrated to be essential in both substrate activation and stereocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Jonathan J Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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18
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Organocatalysed conjugate addition reactions of aldehydes to nitroolefins with anti selectivity. Nat Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-019-0406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Schnitzer T, Möhler JS, Wennemers H. Effect of the enamine pyramidalization direction on the reactivity of secondary amine organocatalysts. Chem Sci 2020; 11:1943-1947. [PMID: 34123288 PMCID: PMC8148379 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05410c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral secondary amines are valuable catalysts for reactions that proceed through an enamine intermediate. Here, we explored the importance of the pyramidalization direction of the enamine-N on the reactivity of chiral enamines with a combination of computational, NMR spectroscopic, and kinetic experiments. Studies with peptidic catalysts that bear cyclic amines with different ring sizes revealed that endo-pyramidalized enamines are significantly more reactive compared to exo-pyramidalized analogs. The results show that the pyramidalization direction can have a greater effect than n→π* orbital overlap on the reactivity of chiral enamines. The data enabled the development of a catalyst with higher reactivity compared to the parent catalyst. Endo-pyramidalisation at nitrogen bestows enamines derived from α-substituted amines with higher reactivity compared to exo-pyramidalisation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schnitzer
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Jasper S Möhler
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Helma Wennemers
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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20
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Castro-Alvarez A, Carneros H, Calafat J, Costa AM, Marco C, Vilarrasa J. NMR and Computational Studies on the Reactions of Enamines with Nitroalkenes That May Pass through Cyclobutanes. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:18167-18194. [PMID: 31720519 PMCID: PMC6844152 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The addition of aldehyde enamines to nitroalkenes affords cyclobutanes in all solvents, with all of the pyrrolidine and proline derivatives tested by us and with all of the substrates we have examined. Depending on the temperature, concentration of water, solvent polarity, and other factors, the opening and hydrolysis of such a four-membered ring may take place rapidly or last for several days, producing the final Michael-like adducts (4-nitrobutanals). Thirteen new cyclobutanes have now been characterized by NMR spectroscopy. As could be expected, s-trans-enamine conformers give rise to all-trans-(4S)-4-nitrocyclobutylpyrrolidines, while s-cis-enamine conformers afford all-trans-(4R)-4-nitrocyclobutylpyrrolidines. These four-membered rings can isomerize to adduct enamines, which should be hydrolyzed via their iminium ions. MP2 and M06-2X calculations predict that one iminium ion is more stable than the other iminium species, so that protonation of the adduct enamines can be quite stereoselective; in the presence of water, the so-called syn adducts (e.g., OCH-*CHR-*CHPh-CH2NO2, with R and Ph syn) eventually become the major products. Why one syn adduct is obtained with aldehydes, whereas cyclic ketones (the predicted ring-fused cyclobutanes of which isomerize to their enamines more easily) produce the other syn adduct, is also explained by means of molecular orbital calculations. Nitro-Michael reactions of aldehyde enamines that "stop" at the nitrocyclobutane stage and final enamine stage do not work catalytically, as known, but those of cyclic ketone enamines that do not work stop at the final enamine stage (if their hydrolysis to the corresponding nitroethylketones is less favorable than expected). These and other facts are accounted for, and the proposals of the groups led by Seebach and Hayashi, Blackmond, and Pihko and Papai are reconciled.
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21
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Maillard LT, Park HS, Kang YK. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Addition of Aldehyde to Nitroolefin by H-d-Pro-Pro-Glu-NH 2: A Mechanistic Study. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:8862-8873. [PMID: 31459974 PMCID: PMC6648279 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of the asymmetric addition of aldehyde (butanal) to nitroolefin (β-nitrostyrene) catalyzed by H-d-Pro-Pro-Glu-NH2 (dPPE-NH2; 1) was explored using density functional theory methods in chloroform. By conformational search, it was confirmed that catalyst 1 and its enamine intermediate adopted a dominant conformation with a βI structure stabilized by a C10 H-bond between the C=O of d-Pro1 and C-terminal NH2 proton and by an additional H-bond between the side chain and the backbone of Glu3. This βI turn structure was conserved all along the catalytic cycle. Consistently with the kinetic studies, the C-C bond formation between the enamine and electrophile was also confirmed as the rate-determining step. The stereoselectivity results from a re → re prochiral approach of enamine and β-nitrostyrene with a gauche- orientation of the double bonds. Although it was suggested as the possible formation of dihydrooxazine oxide species, this process was confirmed to be kinetically less accessible than the formation of acyclic nitronate. In particular, our calculated results supported that the carboxylic acid group of Glu3 in 1 played a central role by acting as general acid/base all along the catalytic cycle and orienting the asymmetric C-C bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic T. Maillard
- Institut
des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR CNRS-UM-ENSCM 5247, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques
et Biologiques, 15 Avenue
Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Hae Sook Park
- Department
of Nursing, Cheju Halla University, Cheju 63092, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kee Kang
- Department
of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
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22
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Kumar CVS, Holyoke CW, Fleming FF. Diastereoselective Electrophile-Directed Alkylations. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Caleb W. Holyoke
- Department of Chemistry; Drexel University; 32 South 32nd St. Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Fraser F. Fleming
- Department of Chemistry; Drexel University; 32 South 32nd St. Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
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23
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Hayashi Y, Kranidiotis-Hisatomi N, Sakamoto D, Oritani K, Kawamoto T, Kamimura A. Asymmetric Michael Reaction of Aldehydes and Dicyanoalkenes Catalyzed by Diphenylprolinol Silyl Ether. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; 6-3 Aramaki-Aza Aoba-ku 980-8578 Sendai Miyagi Japan
| | - Nektarios Kranidiotis-Hisatomi
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; 6-3 Aramaki-Aza Aoba-ku 980-8578 Sendai Miyagi Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; 6-3 Aramaki-Aza Aoba-ku 980-8578 Sendai Miyagi Japan
| | - Kyohei Oritani
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Yamaguchi University; 2-16-1 Tokiwadai 755-8611 Ube Yamaguchi Japan
| | - Takuji Kawamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Yamaguchi University; 2-16-1 Tokiwadai 755-8611 Ube Yamaguchi Japan
| | - Akio Kamimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Yamaguchi University; 2-16-1 Tokiwadai 755-8611 Ube Yamaguchi Japan
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24
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Kroeger AA, Karton A. A computational foray into the mechanism and catalysis of the adduct formation reaction of guanine with crotonaldehyde. J Comput Chem 2018; 40:630-637. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Asja A. Kroeger
- School of Molecular Sciences The University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Amir Karton
- School of Molecular Sciences The University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia 6009 Australia
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25
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Kaur A, Singh KN, Sharma E, Shilpy, Rani P, Sharma SK. Pyrrolidine-carbamate based new and efficient chiral organocatalyst for asymmetric Michael addition of ketones to nitroolefins. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Yu P, He CQ, Simon A, Li W, Mose R, Thøgersen MK, Jørgensen KA, Houk KN. Organocatalytic [6+4] Cycloadditions via Zwitterionic Intermediates: Chemo-, Regio-, and Stereoselectivities. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:13726-13735. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rasmus Mose
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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27
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Hasılcıoğulları D, Tanyeli C. Enantioselective sulfa-Michael addition reaction of methyl thioglycolate to chalcones derivatives with sterically encumbered quinine squaramide organocatalyst. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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28
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Chepyshev SV, Pitta BR, Vangala SR, Lujan-Montelongo JA, Steward OW, Fleming FF. Electrophile-Directed Diastereoselective Oxonitrile Alkylations. Chemistry 2018; 24:2850-2853. [PMID: 29327787 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Diastereoselective alkylation of prochiral oxonitrile dianions with secondary alkyl halides efficiently installs two contiguous stereogenic centers. The confluence of nucleophilic trajectory and the electrophile chirality causes distinct steric differences that allow efficient discrimination for one of the six possible conformers. Numerous oxonitrile-derived dianions efficiently displace secondary alkyl halides propagating the electrophile chirality to efficiently install two contiguous tertiary centers. The prevalence of chiral, secondary electrophiles makes the interdigitated alkylation of chiral electrophiles a particularly attractive route because the resulting oxonitriles are readily transformed into bioactive heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy V Chepyshev
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | | | - J Armando Lujan-Montelongo
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Ciudad de México, 07360, México
| | | | - Fraser F Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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29
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Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of α,α-Disubstituted Aldehydes to Nitroalkenes Organocatalyzed by Chiral Monosalicylamides from trans-Cyclohexane-1,2-Diamines. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010141. [PMID: 29324713 PMCID: PMC6017890 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary amine-salicylamides derived from chiral trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diamines are used as organocatalysts for the enantioselective conjugate addition of α,α-disubstituted aldehydes to arylated and heteroarylated nitroalkenes. The reaction is performed in the presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine as an additive in dichloromethane as a solvent at room temperature. The corresponding enantioenriched γ-nitroaldehydes are obtained with enantioselectivities up to 95%. Theoretical calculations are used to justify the reasons of the stereoinduction.
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30
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Földes T, Madarász Á, Révész Á, Dobi Z, Varga S, Hamza A, Nagy PR, Pihko PM, Pápai I. Stereocontrol in Diphenylprolinol Silyl Ether Catalyzed Michael Additions: Steric Shielding or Curtin–Hammett Scenario? J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:17052-17063. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Földes
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Madarász
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Révész
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Dobi
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Varga
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Hamza
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter R. Nagy
- MTA-BME
Lendület Quantum Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical
Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, P.O. Box 91, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Petri M. Pihko
- Department
of Chemistry and NanoScience Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Imre Pápai
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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31
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Genc HN, Sirit A. Novel and highly efficient bifunctional calixarene thiourea derivatives as organocatalysts for enantioselective Michael reaction of nitroolefins with diketones. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-017-0761-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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32
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Mandal T, Kuo W, Su M, Bhowmick K, Zhao JCG. Prolinal dithioacetals: Highly efficient organocatalysts for the direct nitro-Michael additions in both organic and aqueous media. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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33
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He CQ, Yu P, Lam YH, Houk KN. Origins of Stereoselectivity in Chiral Aminoalcohol Catalysis of Oxyallyl Cation-Indole Reactions. Org Lett 2017; 19:5685-5688. [PMID: 28976202 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective coupling of indoles with racemic α-tosyloxy ketones mediated by a chiral amino alcohol catalyst is studied with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The addition of indole to an oxyallyl cation intrinsically favors the (S,S) and (R,R) stereoisomeric products through electrostatic interactions in the transition state. Our model shows that the enantioselectivity is controlled by the cyclohexane moiety of the catalyst; selectivity diminishes upon removal of the cyclohexane ring. Substitution to enhance the enantioselectivity of this reaction is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyndi Qixin He
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Peiyuan Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Yu-Hong Lam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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34
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Husch T, Seebach D, Beck AK, Reiher M. Rigorous Conformational Analysis of Pyrrolidine Enamines with Relevance to Organocatalysis. Helv Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201700182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Husch
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie ETH Zürich Vladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Dieter Seebach
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH Zürich Vladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 2 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Albert K. Beck
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH Zürich Vladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 2 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Markus Reiher
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie ETH Zürich Vladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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35
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Kan SBJ, Maruyama H, Akakura M, Kano T, Maruoka K. Catalyst-Controlled, Enantioselective, and Diastereodivergent Conjugate Addition of Aldehydes to Electron-Deficient Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. B. Jennifer Kan
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Hiroki Maruyama
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Matsujiro Akakura
- Department of Chemistry; Aichi University of Education; Igaya-cho, Kariya Aichi 448-8542 Japan
| | - Taichi Kano
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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36
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Catalyst-Controlled, Enantioselective, and Diastereodivergent Conjugate Addition of Aldehydes to Electron-Deficient Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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37
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Mahato CK, Kundu M, Pramanik A. Solvent free, fast and asymmetric Michael additions of ketones to nitroolefins using chiral pyrrolidine–pyridone conjugate bases as organocatalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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38
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Kumar TP, Sattar MA, Prasad SS, Haribabu K, Reddy CS. Enantioselective Michael addition of aldehydes to nitroolefins catalyzed by pyrrolidine-HOBt. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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39
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Bertuzzi G, Sinisi A, Pecorari D, Caruana L, Mazzanti A, Bernardi L, Fochi M. Nucleophilic Dearomatization of Pyridines under Enamine Catalysis: Regio-, Diastereo-, and Enantioselective Addition of Aldehydes to Activated N-Alkylpyridinium Salts. Org Lett 2017; 19:834-837. [PMID: 28128963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic addition of chiral enamines to azinium salts is a powerful tool for the synthesis of enantioenriched heterocycles. An unprecedented asymmetric dearomative addition of aldehydes to activated N-alkylpyridinium salts is presented. The process exhibits complete C-4 regioselectivity along with high levels of diastereo- and enantiocontrol, achieving a high-yielding synthesis of a broad range of optically active 1,4-dihydropyridines. Moreover, the presented methodology enables the synthesis of functionalized octahydropyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridines, the core structure of anticancer peptidomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Bertuzzi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari" and INSTM RU Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Via Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sinisi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari" and INSTM RU Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Via Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniel Pecorari
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari" and INSTM RU Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Via Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Caruana
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari" and INSTM RU Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Via Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Mazzanti
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari" and INSTM RU Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Via Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Bernardi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari" and INSTM RU Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Via Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mariafrancesca Fochi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari" and INSTM RU Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Via Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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40
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Borges-González J, Feher-Voelger A, Crisóstomo FP, Morales EQ, Martín T. Tetrahydropyran-Based Hybrid Dipeptides as Asymmetric Catalysts for Michael Addition of Aldehydes to β-Nitrostyrenes. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201601193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Borges-González
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología-CSIC; Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 3 38206 La Laguna, S/C de Tenerife Spain
| | - Andrés Feher-Voelger
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología-CSIC; Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 3 38206 La Laguna, S/C de Tenerife Spain
| | - Fernando Pinacho Crisóstomo
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología-CSIC; Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 3 38206 La Laguna, S/C de Tenerife Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González”, CIBICAN; Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 2 38206 La Laguna, S/C de Tenerife Spain
| | - Ezequiel Q. Morales
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología-CSIC; Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 3 38206 La Laguna, S/C de Tenerife Spain
| | - Tomás Martín
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología-CSIC; Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 3 38206 La Laguna, S/C de Tenerife Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González”, CIBICAN; Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 2 38206 La Laguna, S/C de Tenerife Spain
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41
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D'Andrea F, Catelani G, Guazzelli L, Pistarà V. Useful access to enantiomerically pure protected inositols from carbohydrates: the aldohexos-5-uloses route. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:2343-2350. [PMID: 28144301 PMCID: PMC5238563 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The intramolecular aldol condensation of aldohexos-5-ulose derivatives of the D-xylo and L-ribo stereoseries has been studied. Only one of the four possible inososes was isolated from both stereoseries in reasonable yields (30–38%). The results obtained, together with the previous findings for the L-arabino and L-lyxo stereoseries, allowed for the rationalisation of a mechanism of the reaction based on open-transition-state models and electron-withdrawing inductive effects. Complementary reductions of the intermediate inososes were possible by changing the reaction conditions, and two isomeric inositol derivatives were obtained with complete stereoselection from each inosose. The presented approach permits us to control the configuration of three out of the six stereocentres of the inositol frame and gives access to seven of the nine inositols. Noteworthy, for the D-xylo derivative, the two-step sequence (condensation followed by reduction with NaBH(OAc)3) represents the biomimetic synthesis of myo-inositol. Furthermore, the sugar-based pathway leads directly to enantiomerically pure selectively protected inositols and does not require any desymmetrisation procedure which is needed when myo-inositol and other achiral precursors are employed as starting materials. As an example of application of the method, the indirect selective protection of secondary inositols’ hydroxy functions, by placing specific protecting groups on the aldohexos-5-ulose precursor has been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia D'Andrea
- Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giorgio Catelani
- Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Guazzelli
- Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Venerando Pistarà
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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42
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Stereoselective reactions of nitro compounds in the synthesis of natural compound analogs and active pharmaceutical ingredients. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Donadío LG, Galetti MA, Giorgi G, Rasparini M, Comin MJ. Anti-Selective Organocatalytic Michael Addition between Phenylacetaldehyde and Nitrostyrene. J Org Chem 2016; 81:7952-7. [PMID: 27442526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Using the reaction between phenylacetaldehyde and nitrostyrene catalyzed by pyrrolidine as a simple model, we have studied the diastereochemical outcome of the organocatalytic Michael reactions between benzylic aldehydes and nitrostyrenes. We found that the anti adduct was obtained in high yield and diastereoselection as was demonstrated by the X-ray structure of the product. In situ NMR studies showed a different reaction pathway when compared to aliphatic aldehydes that yield the syn adduct as major isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Gandolfi Donadío
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Center of Research and Development in Chemistry, National Institute of Industrial Technology , Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana A Galetti
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Center of Research and Development in Chemistry, National Institute of Industrial Technology , Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gianluca Giorgi
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry & Pharmacy, University of Siena , 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Maria J Comin
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Center of Research and Development in Chemistry, National Institute of Industrial Technology , Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Sekikawa T, Kitaura H, Kitaguchi T, Minami T, Hatanaka Y. Syn-selective nitro-Michael addition of furanones to β,β-disubstituted nitroalkenes catalyzed by epi-quinine derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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45
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van der Meer JY, Poddar H, Baas BJ, Miao Y, Rahimi M, Kunzendorf A, van Merkerk R, Tepper PG, Geertsema EM, Thunnissen AMWH, Quax WJ, Poelarends GJ. Using mutability landscapes of a promiscuous tautomerase to guide the engineering of enantioselective Michaelases. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10911. [PMID: 26952338 PMCID: PMC4786785 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Michael-type addition reaction is widely used in organic synthesis for carbon–carbon bond formation. However, biocatalytic methodologies for this type of reaction are scarce, which is related to the fact that enzymes naturally catalysing carbon–carbon bond-forming Michael-type additions are rare. A promising template to develop new biocatalysts for carbon–carbon bond formation is the enzyme 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase, which exhibits promiscuous Michael-type addition activity. Here we present mutability landscapes for the expression, tautomerase and Michael-type addition activities, and enantioselectivity of 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase. These maps of neutral, beneficial and detrimental amino acids for each residue position and enzyme property provide detailed insight into sequence–function relationships. This offers exciting opportunities for enzyme engineering, which is illustrated by the redesign of 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase into two enantiocomplementary ‘Michaelases'. These ‘Michaelases' catalyse the asymmetric addition of acetaldehyde to various nitroolefins, providing access to both enantiomers of γ-nitroaldehydes, which are important precursors for pharmaceutically active γ-aminobutyric acid derivatives. The Michael-type addition reaction is used for carbon-carbon bond formation; however biocatalytic methods for this reaction are rare. Here, the authors generate and exploit mutability landscapes of 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase to direct the redesign of this promiscuous enzyme into enantio-complementary Michaelases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Ytzen van der Meer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Harshwardhan Poddar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Bert-Jan Baas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Yufeng Miao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Mehran Rahimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Kunzendorf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald van Merkerk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter G Tepper
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Edzard M Geertsema
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Andy-Mark W H Thunnissen
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J Quax
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit J Poelarends
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
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46
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Sekikawa T, Kitaguchi T, Kitaura H, Minami T, Hatanaka Y. Anti-Selective Asymmetric Nitro-Michael Reaction of Furanones: Diastereocontrol by Catalyst. Org Lett 2016; 18:646-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Sekikawa
- Department
of Applied Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kitaguchi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Hayato Kitaura
- Department
of Applied Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Minami
- Department
of Applied Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuo Hatanaka
- Department
of Applied Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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47
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An efficient synthetic approach towards fully functionalized tetronic acids: the use of 1,3-dioxolane-2,4-diones as novel protected-activated synthons of α-hydroxy acids. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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48
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Enantioselective addition of aryl ketones and acetone to nitroalkenes organocatalyzed by carbamate-monoprotected cyclohexa-1,2-diamines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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49
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Lewis RS, Garza CJ, Dang AT, Pedro TKA, Chain WJ. Michael Additions of Highly Basic Enolates to ortho-Quinone Methides. Org Lett 2015; 17:2278-81. [PMID: 25906358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A protocol by which ketone or ester enolates and ortho-quinone methides (o-QMs) are generated in situ in a single reaction flask from silylated precursors under the action of anhydrous fluoride is reported. The reaction partners are joined to give a variety of β-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-carbonyl compounds in 32-94% yield in a single laboratory operation. The intermediacy of o-QMs is supported by control experiments utilizing enolate precursors and conventional alkyl halides as competitive alkylating agents and the isolation of 1,5-dicarbonyl products resulting from conjugate additions that do not restore the aromatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Lewis
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Christopher J Garza
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Ann T Dang
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Te Kie A Pedro
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - William J Chain
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States.,‡The University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, United States
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50
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Holland MC, Gilmour R. Deconstructing Covalent Organocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:3862-71. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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