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Takatani N, Beppu F, Yamano Y, Maoka T, Miyashita K, Hosokawa M. Preparation of Apoastaxanthinals and Evaluation of Their Anti-inflammatory Action against Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages and Adipocytes. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:22341-22350. [PMID: 35811858 PMCID: PMC9260902 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Apocarotenoids are carotenoid derivatives in which the polyene chain is cleaved via enzymatic or nonenzymatic action. They are found in animal tissues and carotenoid-containing foods. However, limited information on the biological functions of apocarotenoids is available. Here, we prepared apocarotenoids from astaxanthin via chemical oxidation and evaluated their anti-inflammatory action against macrophages and adipocytes. A series of astaxanthin-derived apoastaxanthinals, apo-11-, apo-15-, apo-14'-, apo-12'-, apo-10'-, and apo-8'-astaxanthinals, were successfully characterized by chromatography and spectroscopic analysis. The apoastaxanthinals inhibited inflammatory cytokine production and mRNA expression against lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Apoastaxanthinals suppressed interleukin-6 overexpression in an in vitro model with macrophages and adipocytes in the following cultures: (1) contact coculture of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW264.7 macrophages and (2) 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a RAW264.7-derived conditioned media. These results indicate that the apoastaxanthinals have the potential for regulation of adipose tissue inflammation observed in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Takatani
- Faculty
of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Beppu
- Faculty
of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
| | - Yumiko Yamano
- Comprehensive
Education and Research Center, Kobe Pharmaceutical
University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Takashi Maoka
- Research
Institute for Production and Development, 15 Shimogamo-morimoto-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0805, Japan
| | - Kazuo Miyashita
- Faculty
of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
| | - Masashi Hosokawa
- Faculty
of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
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Takatani N, Taya D, Katsuki A, Beppu F, Yamano Y, Wada A, Miyashita K, Hosokawa M. Identification of Paracentrone in Fucoxanthin-Fed Mice and Anti-Inflammatory Effect against Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages and Adipocytes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 65:e2000405. [PMID: 33215789 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Fucoxanthin is converted to fucoxanthinol and amarouciaxanthin A in the mouse body. However, further metabolism such as cleavage products (i.e., apocarotenoids) remains unclear. The fucoxanthin-derived apocarotenoid in vivo is investigated and the anti-inflammatory effect of apocarotenoids with fucoxanthin partial structure such as allenic bond and epoxide residue against activated macrophages and adipocytes in vitro is evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS LC-MS analysis indicates the presence of paracentrone, a C31 -allenic-apocarotenoid, in white adipose tissue of diabetic/obese KK-Ay and normal C57BL/6J mice fed 0.2% fucoxanthin diet for 1 week. In lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 macrophages, paracentrone as well as C26 - and C28 -allenic-apocarotenoids suppresses the overexpression of inflammatory factors. Further, apo-10'-fucoxanthinal, a fucoxanthin-derived apocarotenoid which retained epoxide residue, exhibits a most potent anti-inflammatory activity through regulating mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-κB inflammatory signal pathways. In contrast, β-apo-8'-carotenal without allenic bond and epoxide residue lacks suppressed inflammation. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, paracentrone, and apo-10'-fucoxanthinal downregulate the mRNA expression of proinflammatory mediators and chemokines induced by co-culture with RAW264.7 cells. CONCLUSION Dietary fucoxanthin accumulates as paracentrone as well as fucoxanthinol and amarouciaxanthin A in the mouse body. Allenic bond and epoxide residue of fucoxanthin-derived apocarotenoids have pivotal roles for anti-inflammatory action against activated macrophages and adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Takatani
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Daisuke Taya
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Ami Katsuki
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Beppu
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Yumiko Yamano
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Akimori Wada
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Kazuo Miyashita
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Masashi Hosokawa
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan
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Domínguez M, Pequerul R, Alvarez R, Giménez-Dejoz J, Birta E, Porté S, Rühl R, Parés X, Farrés J, de Lera AR. Synthesis of apocarotenoids by acyclic cross metathesis and characterization as substrates for human retinaldehyde dehydrogenases. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Minyuk GS, Solovchenko AE. Express Analysis of Microalgal Secondary Carotenoids by TLC and UV-Vis Spectroscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1852:73-95. [PMID: 30109625 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8742-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We elucidate the peculiarities of express analysis of secondary carotenoids from microalgae and their preliminary identification using TLC and UV-Vis spectroscopy with emphasis on biotechnologically significant producers of the value-added pigment astaxanthin. Advantages and limitations of the method are described to underline the value of TLC as a potential companion method to mainstream separation techniques such as HPLC. Special attention is paid to common errors and pitfalls of the method and possible work-arounds, as well as to overall strategy of the analysis, sample preparation, and material selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina S Minyuk
- The A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Marine Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia
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Álvarez R, Vaz B, Gronemeyer H, de Lera ÁR. Functions, therapeutic applications, and synthesis of retinoids and carotenoids. Chem Rev 2013; 114:1-125. [PMID: 24266866 DOI: 10.1021/cr400126u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Álvarez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CINBIO), and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo (IBIV), Universidade de Vigo , 36310 Vigo, Spain
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Jansen F, Kwestro M, Schmitt D, Lugtenburg J. Synthesis and characterization of all-E (12,12′-13C2)-, (13,13′-13C2)-, (14,14′-13C2)-, (15,15′-13C2)- and (20,20′-13C2)astaxanthin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19941131205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Widmer E, Zell R, Broger EA, Crameri Y, Wagner HP, Dinkel J, Schlageter M, Lukáč T. Technische Verfahren zur Synthese von Carotinoiden und verwandten Verbindungen aus 6-Oxo-isophoron. II. Ein neues Konzept für die Synthese von (3RS, 3′RS)-Astaxanthin. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19810640751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Rüttimann A, Englert G, Mayer H, Moss GP, Weedon BCL. Synthese von optisch aktiven, natürlichen Carotioiden und strukturell verwandten Naturprodukten. X. Synthese von (3R,3′S, 5′R)-Capsanthin, (3S,5R,3′S,5′R)-Capsorubin, (3′S,5′R)-Kryptocapsin und einigen verwandten Verbindungen. Ein neuer Zugang zu optisch. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19830660706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zsila F, Simonyi M, Lockwood SF. Interaction of the disodium disuccinate derivative of meso-Astaxanthin with human serum albumin: from chiral complexation to self-Assembly. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:4093-100. [PMID: 14592515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To exploit the promising biochemical activities of naturally-occurring and synthetic hydrophobic carotenoids, it is necessary to improve their aqueous solubility. The disodium disuccinate derivative of synthetic meso-astaxanthin was prepared, and its behavior in pH 7.4 buffer solutions in both the presence and absence of fatty acid-free human serum albumin (HSA) was evaluated. The induced circular dichroism (CD) spectra and red-shifted absorption band of the optically inactive ligand as well as the fluorescence quenching of HSA indicated that at low ligand/protein ratios (less than approximately 1:1 ligand/protein), the meso-carotenoid bound to albumin in monomeric form. Based on the current experimental and available structural data for HSA, the binding site was tentatively localized to the large interdomain cleft of HSA. Around a 1:1 meso-carotenoid/HSA molar ratio, characteristic positive-negative bands appeared in the visible region of the CD spectrum, whose amplitudes increased in parallel with the increasing concentration of the ligand. These oppositely-signed Cotton effects are typical for chiral intermolecular exciton coupling between adjacent polyene chains arranged in right-handed assembly. Surprisingly, the magnitude of these induced CD bands continued to increase at high ligand/protein ratios (up to 13:1 meso-carotenoid/HSA). These results suggest the formation of unique, mixed-type carotenoid-albumin assemblies in which the HSA molecules themselves serve as chiral templates for the generation of supramolecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Zsila
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, PO Box 17, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
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Jansen F, Lugtenburg J. Synthesis and Characterization ofall-E-(4,4′-13C2)-Astaxanthin Strategies for Labelling the C15-End Groups of Carotenoids. European J Org Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0690(200003)2000:5%3c829::aid-ejoc829%3e3.0.co;2-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Lutz-Röder A, Jezussek M, Winterhalter P. Nickel peroxide induced oxidation of canthaxanthin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 1999; 47:1887-1891. [PMID: 10552466 DOI: 10.1021/jf981156+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of canthaxanthin (beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione) (1) with nickel peroxide in dichloromethane yielded a series of cleavage products, i.e., 4-oxo-beta-ionone (2), (7E, 9E)-4-oxo-beta-apo-11-carotenal (3a), (7E, 9Z)-4-oxo-beta-apo-11-carotenal (3b), 4-oxo-beta-apo-13-carotenone (4), 4-oxo-beta-apo-14'-carotenal (5), 4-oxo-beta-apo-12'-carotenal (6), and 4-oxo-beta-apo-10'-carotenal (7). In addition, oxidized canthaxanthin derivatives, i.e., isomeric ketols all-trans-9, 10-dihydro-9-hydroxy-10-oxo-canthaxanthin (8a), (9'Z)-9, 10-dihydro-9-hydroxy-10-oxo-canthaxanthin (8b), and (13'Z)-9, 10-dihydro-9-hydroxy-10-oxo-canthaxanthin (8c) were obtained together with the tentatively identified (9'Z)-canthaxanthin-20-al (9). Structure elucidation of the reaction products was achieved by mass spectrometry and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lutz-Röder
- Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
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Algal carotenoids 53; secondary carotenoids of algae 4; secondary carotenoids in the green alga Botryococcus braunii, race L, new strain. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0305-1978(94)90111-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Grung M, Liaaen-Jensen S. Algal carotenoids 52 ; secondary carotenoids of algae 3; carotenoids in a natural bloom of Euglena sanguinea. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0305-1978(93)90088-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Effenberger F, Kesmarszky T. Synthese und optische Eigenschaften endständig substituierter konjugierter Polyene mit Bicyclo[2.2.2]octan als Spacer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19921250919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Englert G, Noack K, Broger EA, Glinz E, Vecchi M, Zell R. Synthesis, Isolation, and Full Spectroscopic Characterization of Eleven (Z)-Isomers of (3R,3?R)-Zeaxanthin. Helv Chim Acta 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19910740507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Widmer E, Soukup M, Zell R, Broger E, Wagner HP, Imfeld M. Technical Procedures for the Syntheses of Carotenoids and Related Compounds from 6-Oxo-isophorone: Syntheses of (3R,3?R)-Zeaxanthin. Part I. Helv Chim Acta 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19900730411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tsushima M, Matsuno T. Comparative biochemical studies of carotenoids in sea-urchins—I. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(90)90235-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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