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Tang Y, Li Y, Feng Tao F. Activation and catalytic transformation of methane under mild conditions. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 51:376-423. [PMID: 34904592 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00783a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the last few decades, worldwide scientists have been motivated by the promising production of chemicals from the widely existing methane (CH4) under mild conditions for both chemical synthesis with low energy consumption and climate remediation. To achieve this goal, a whole library of catalytic chemistries of transforming CH4 to various products under mild conditions is required to be developed. Worldwide scientists have made significant efforts to reach this goal. These significant efforts have demonstrated the feasibility of oxidation of CH4 to value-added intermediate compounds including but not limited to CH3OH, HCHO, HCOOH, and CH3COOH under mild conditions. The fundamental understanding of these chemical and catalytic transformations of CH4 under mild conditions have been achieved to some extent, although currently neither a catalyst nor a catalytic process can be used for chemical production under mild conditions at a large scale. In the academic community, over ten different reactions have been developed for converting CH4 to different types of oxygenates under mild conditions in terms of a relatively low activation or catalysis temperature. However, there is still a lack of a molecular-level understanding of the activation and catalysis processes performed in extremely complex reaction environments under mild conditions. This article reviewed the fundamental understanding of these activation and catalysis achieved so far. Different oxidative activations of CH4 or catalytic transformations toward chemical production under mild conditions were reviewed in parallel, by which the trend of developing catalysts for a specific reaction was identified and insights into the design of these catalysts were gained. As a whole, this review focused on discussing profound insights gained through endeavors of scientists in this field. It aimed to present a relatively complete picture for the activation and catalytic transformations of CH4 to chemicals under mild conditions. Finally, suggestions of potential explorations for the production of chemicals from CH4 under mild conditions were made. The facing challenges to achieve high yield of ideal products were highlighted and possible solutions to tackle them were briefly proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- Institute of Molecular Catalysis and In situ/operando Studies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian, 350000, China.
| | - Yuting Li
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, KS 66045, USA.
| | - Franklin Feng Tao
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, KS 66045, USA.
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Cui J, Sun C, Zhao Y, Wang M, Ma J. Hydrogen- and oxygen-atom transfers in the thermal activation of benzene mediated by Cu 2O 2+ cations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:1117-1122. [PMID: 30601529 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06807k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mass-selected copper oxide cluster cations Cu2O2+ are successfully prepared by laser ablation and reacted with benzene in a linear ion trap reactor. The cluster reaction is characterized by reflectron mass spectrometry in conjunction with density functional theory calculations. Four types of reaction channels are observed: (1) Cu2OH+ + C6H5O˙, (2) Cu2C6H6+ + O2, (3) Cu(C6H6)2+ + Cu and (4) Cu2O2C6H6+, in which the first one is the major product. Observation of the products Cu2OH+ indicates that oxygen atom transfer (OAT) accompanying hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) occurs, and the oxygen-centered radical (O-˙) in Cu2O2+ is crucial to the cleavages of C-H and Cu-O bonds. It is interesting that HAT and OAT occur in a single reaction channel to form C6H5O˙, which has not been reported in the reactions of gas-phase ions with benzene. The calculated results are in agreement with the experimental observations, and no two-state reactivity scenario is present in the potential energy surface of channel 1. This work can provide useful insights into the nature of active sites over copper oxides and reaction mechanisms in the corresponding heterogeneous reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Wu XN, Zhao HT, Li J, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. Highly regioselective hydride transfer, oxidative dehydrogenation, and hydrogen-atom abstraction in the thermal gas-phase chemistry of [Zn(OH)]+/C3H8. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:26617-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02139h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The metal center of [Zn(OH)]+ serves as active site in the regiospecific hydride transfer to generate [i-C3H7]+ as major product in the reaction with C3H8. In the [Zn(OH)]+–C3H8 system, a high regioselectivity features the remarkable chemoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Nan Wu
- Institut für Chemie
- Technische Universität Berlin
- , Berlin
| | - Hai-Tao Zhao
- Institut für Chemie
- Technische Universität Berlin
- , Berlin
| | - Jilai Li
- Institut für Chemie
- Technische Universität Berlin
- , Berlin
| | | | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie
- Technische Universität Berlin
- , Berlin
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Zins EL, Milko P, Schröder D, Aysina J, Ascenzi D, Žabka J, Alcaraz C, Price SD, Roithová J. Formation of Organoxenon Dications in the Reactions of Xenon with Dications Derived from Toluene. Chemistry 2011; 17:4012-20. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Zins EL, Pepe C, Schröder D. Methylene-transfer reactions of benzylium/tropylium ions with neutral toluene studied by means of ion-trap mass spectrometry. Faraday Discuss 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b907236e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Schröder D. Gaseous Rust: Thermochemistry of Neutral and Ionic Iron Oxides and Hydroxides in the Gas Phase. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:13215-24. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8030804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Detlef Schröder
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Shiota Y, Suzuki K, Yoshizawa K. Mechanism for the Direct Oxidation of Benzene to Phenol by FeO+. Organometallics 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/om050136b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Shiota
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Suzuki
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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Schröder D, Wesendrup R, Schalley CA, Zummack W, Schwarz H. Gas-Phase Reactions of Aliphatic Alcohols with ‘Bare’ FeO+. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19960790113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Shaik S, Danovich D, Fiedler A, Schröder D, Schwarz H. Two-State Reactivity in Organometallic Gas-Phase Ion Chemistry. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19950780602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zellner R, Hafen E, Wermelskirchen E, Jaenicke L, Jaenicke L, Fischer-Henningsen D, Schröder B, Friedrich T, Heinemann C, Huber M. Wissenschaft aktuell. CHEM UNSERER ZEIT 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.19950290606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Brönstrup M, Trage C, Schröder D, Schwarz H. Regioselective Activation of Ipso and Ortho Positions in Chlorobenzene by FeO+. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja993232a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Brönstrup
- Contribution from the Institut für Organische Chemie der Technischen Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17, Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Trage
- Contribution from the Institut für Organische Chemie der Technischen Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17, Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Detlef Schröder
- Contribution from the Institut für Organische Chemie der Technischen Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17, Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Contribution from the Institut für Organische Chemie der Technischen Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17, Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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Capron L, Mestdagh H, Rolando C. Gas-phase reactivity of ionic iron complexes: comparison with solution chemistry. Coord Chem Rev 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0010-8545(98)00178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bjarnason A, Ridge DP. Gas-Phase Reactions of M+ and MO+ (M = Sc, Ti, V) with Toluene. Organometallics 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/om970552z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asgeir Bjarnason
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhaga 3, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - D. P. Ridge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711
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Kretzschmar I, Schröder D, Schwarz H. The tropylium/benzylium ion dichotomy in the gas-phase reactions of transition metal chalcogenide cations with toluene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1176(97)00036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Schwarz J, Wesendrup R, Schröder D, Schwarz H. Mass Spectrometric Study of [Fe,C3,H6,O]+ Isomers Relevant in the Gas-phase Oxidation of Hydrocarbons by “Bare” FeO+. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19961291211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Harvey JN, Heinemann C, Fiedler A, Schröder D, Schwarz H. Redox Properties of the Diatomic Bare Iron Chalcogenides FeO and FeS in the Gas Phase. Chemistry 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.19960021008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Schröder D, Schwarz H. Aktivierung von CH- und CC-Bindungen durch „nackte” Übergangsmetalloxid-Kationen in der Gasphase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19951071805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Schwarz J, Schwarz H. exo/endo-Selectivity in the Reaction of ?Bare? FeO+ with Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (Norbornane). Helv Chim Acta 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19950780423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Stöckigt D, Schwarz H. Reactivity Tuning by Ligand Effects: Gas-Phase Reactions of Fe(C6H6)O+ versus “Bare” FeO+. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19941271222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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