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Tang DH, Chen XM, Fan QH. A Convenient Route to Dendritic Binaphthyl-Containing Chiral Crown Ethers. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/0308234043431753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Novel dendritic binaphthyl-containing chiral crown ethers have been synthesised in four steps from ( R) 2,2′-dihydroxy-1,1′-binaphthyl-3,3′-dicarboxylic acid with satisfactory yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai-Hua Tang
- Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Min Chen
- Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Hua Fan
- Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P. R. China
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2
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Rühlig K, Mothes R, Aliabadi A, Kataev V, Büchner B, Buschbeck R, Rüffer T, Lang H. CuII bis(oxamato) end-grafted poly(amidoamine) dendrimers. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:7960-79. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03416g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
“Magneto-dendrimers” comprising up to ten endgrafted {Cu3(3,4-bopb)(pmdta)2}2− complex fragments have been synthesized to determine their magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Rühlig
- Technische Universität Chemnitz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry
- 09107 Chemnitz
| | - Robert Mothes
- Technische Universität Chemnitz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry
- 09107 Chemnitz
| | - Azar Aliabadi
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research IFW Dresden
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Vladislav Kataev
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research IFW Dresden
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research IFW Dresden
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Roy Buschbeck
- Technische Universität Chemnitz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry
- 09107 Chemnitz
| | - Tobias Rüffer
- Technische Universität Chemnitz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry
- 09107 Chemnitz
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Technische Universität Chemnitz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry
- 09107 Chemnitz
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3
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Soršak E, Valh JV, Urek ŠK, Lobnik A. Application of PAMAM dendrimers in optical sensing. Analyst 2015; 140:976-89. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an00825a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this review, recent advances have been reported in those PAMAM dendrimer-based optical sensors that are used for the detection of pH, cations, and other analyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Soršak
- University of Maribor
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Environmental Protection
- 2000 Maribor
- Slovenia
| | - J. Volmajer Valh
- University of Maribor
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Environmental Protection
- 2000 Maribor
- Slovenia
| | - Š. Korent Urek
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Sensors
- 2000 Maribor
- Slovenia
| | - A. Lobnik
- University of Maribor
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Environmental Protection
- 2000 Maribor
- Slovenia
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4
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Greenland BW, Hayes W. Hyperbranched Polymers in Supramolecular Chemistry. Supramol Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470661345.smc139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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5
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Neelakandan PP, Nandajan PC, Subymol B, Ramaiah D. Study of cavity size and nature of bridging units on recognition of nucleotides by cyclophanes. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:1021-9. [PMID: 21210036 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00673d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized a few novel cyclophanes CP-1 to CP-4 containing anthracene units linked together through different bridging and spacer groups and have investigated their interactions with various nucleosides and nucleotides. Of these systems, CP-1 and CP-3 showed selectivity for 5'-GTP and 5'-ATP as compared to other nucleotides and nucleosides, whereas negligible selectivity was observed with CP-2 and CP-4. Interestingly, CP-1, CP-2 and CP-3 exhibited significant binding interactions with the fluorescent indicator, 8-hydroxy-1,3,6-pyrene trisulfonate (HPTS), resulting in the formation of non-fluorescent complexes. Titration of these complexes with nucleosides and nucleotides resulted in the displacement of HPTS, leading to the revival of its fluorescence intensity. It was observed that 5'-GTP induced the maximum displacement of HPTS from the complex [CP-1·HPTS] with an overall fluorescence enhancement of ca. 150-fold, while 5'-ATP induced ca. 45-fold. Although the displacement of HPTS from the complexes [CP-2·HPTS] and [CP-3·HPTS] was found to be similar to that of [CP-1·HPTS], these complexes showed lesser selectivity and sensitivity. In contrast, negligible displacement of HPTS was observed from the complex [CP-4·HPTS] under similar conditions. These results indicate that CP-1, having a well-defined cavity and good electron acceptor (viologen), is capable of forming selective and stable complexes. Though CP-2 and CP-3 retain the good electron acceptor (viologen), their reduced aromatic surface and larger cavity, respectively, resulted in lesser sensitivity. In contrast, CP-4 having a large cavity and a poor acceptor (1,2-bis(pyridin-4-yl)ethene) showed negligible selectivity, thereby indicating the importance of cavity size, bridging unit and aromatic surface on biomolecular recognition properties of cyclophanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash P Neelakandan
- Photosciences and Photonics, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), CSIR, Trivandrum, 695019, India
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Wong CH, Choi LS, Yim SL, Lau KN, Chow HF, Hui SK, Sze KH. The Effects of Microenvironment Polarity and Dendritic Branching of Aliphatic Hydrocarbon Dendrons on the Self-Assembly of 2-Ureido-4-pyrimidinones. Chem Asian J 2010; 5:2249-57. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- George R. Newkome
- Departments of Polymer Science and Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-4717, and Department of Chemistry, Hiram College, Hiram, Ohio 44234
| | - Carol Shreiner
- Departments of Polymer Science and Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-4717, and Department of Chemistry, Hiram College, Hiram, Ohio 44234
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8
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Burakowska E, Quinn JR, Zimmerman SC, Haag R. Cross-linked hyperbranched polyglycerols as hosts for selective binding of guest molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:10574-80. [PMID: 19722631 DOI: 10.1021/ja902597h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The ring-closing metathesis reaction of dendrimers containing allyl ether end groups is known to rigidify them significantly. Herein we report that polyallylated hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG) 1 complexes the sodium salt of rose Bengal in chloroform solution but releases it readily to water. In contrast, extensively cross-linking 1 with Grubbs catalyst provides 2 which similarly complexes rose Bengal, but does not release it despite 12 h of shaking with water. Both 1 and 2 also complex thymol blue and exhibit the same differential complex stability when extracted with water. Neither 1 nor 2 complex Congo red sodium salt and more weakly solubilize the cesium salt of rose Bengal and thymol blue. Larger loop size cross-linked analogs HPG 5 and 6 also bind rose Bengal (RB) and thymol blue and are able to bind Congo red, but both release the dye more readily when extracted with water. In addition, a bathochromic shift is observed in the UV spectra for complex 6.RB, suggesting a changed microenvironment for the dye due to a tighter binding of the counteranion. Dihydroxylation of the alkene groups in 1, 2, 5, and 6 produced HPGs 3, 4, 7, and 8, respectively. HPGs 3 and 4 are both water-soluble, but 7 and 8 were not and could not be studied further. In water, HPG 4 solubilized less than one nonpolar guest (Nimodipine, pyrene, or Nile red) per polymer at least in part because it forms very large aggregates. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) indicate aggregates with diameters of ca. 100 nm in pure water. The aggregates dissociated in high salt concentrations suggesting applications in stimuli responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Burakowska
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universitat Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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9
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Shinoda S. Nanoscale substrate recognition by porphyrin dendrimers with patched structures. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-007-9315-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Xu DM, Zhao ZL, Wang AF, Zhang KD, Zhu XL. Synthesis and aqueous solution behaviors of sodium sulfonate-terminated dendritic poly(ester-amine). J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Brignell SV, Smith DK. Crown ether functionalised dendrons—controlled binding and release of dopamine in both solution and gel-phases. NEW J CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b612912a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Broeren MAC, Linhardt JG, Malda H, de Waal BFM, Versteegen RM, Meijer JT, Löwik DWPM, van Hest JCM, van Genderen MHP, Meijer EW. Noncovalent synthesis of supramolecular dendritic architectures in water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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13
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Marti T, Peterson BR, Fürer A, Mordasini-Denti T, Zarske J, Jaun B, Diederich F, Gramlich V. Macrotricyclic Steroid Receptors by Pd°-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions: Dissolution of cholesterol in aqueous solution and investigations of the principles governing selective molecular recognition of steroidal substrates. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19980810112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Aulenta F, Hayes W, Rannard S. Dendrimers: a new class of nanoscopic containers and delivery devices. Eur Polym J 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0014-3057(03)00100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Dykes GM, Smith DK. Supramolecular dendrimer chemistry: using dendritic crown ethers to reversibly generate functional assemblies. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)00468-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Reek JNH, de Groot D, Oosterom GE, Kamer PCJ, van Leeuwen PWNM. Core and periphery functionalized dendrimers for transition metal catalysis; a covalent and a non-covalent approach. J Biotechnol 2002; 90:159-81. [PMID: 12071224 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-0352(01)00059-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers are well-defined hyperbranched macromolecules with characteristic globular structures for the larger systems. The recent impressive strides in synthetic procedures increased the accessibility of functionalized dendrimers at a practicable scale, resulting in a rapid development of dendrimer chemistry. Dendrimers have inspired many chemists to develop new materials and several applications have been explored, catalysis being one of them. The position of the catalytic site(s) as well as the spatial separation of the catalysts within the dendritic framework is of crucial importance. Dendrimers that are functionalized with transition metals in the core can potentially mimic properties of enzymes, their efficient natural counterparts, whereas the surface-functionalized systems have been proposed to fill the gap between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. We prepared both core- and periphery-functionalized dendritic catalysts that are sufficiently large to enable separation by modern nanofiltration techniques. Here we review our recent findings using these promising novel transition metal-functionalized dendrimers as catalysts in several reactions. We will discuss some of the consequences of the architecturally different systems that have been studied and will elaborate on a novel non-covalent strategy of dendrimer functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost N H Reek
- Institute of Molecular Chemistry, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. reek@.science.uva.nl
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20
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Diederich F, Felber B. Supramolecular chemistry of dendrimers with functional cores. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:4778-81. [PMID: 11891306 PMCID: PMC122667 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.052568099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic microenvironments are analogous to local environments created within protein superstructures. Correspondingly, properties of functional cores such as molecular recognition and catalytic activity are profoundly influenced by the surrounding dendritic branches.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Diederich
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule-Hönggerberg, HCI, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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21
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Stone DL, Smith DK, McGrail PT. Ferrocene encapsulated within symmetric dendrimers: a deeper understanding of dendritic effects on redox potential. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:856-64. [PMID: 11817961 DOI: 10.1021/ja0117478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ferrocene has been encapsulated within a symmetric ether-amide dendritic shell and its redox potential monitored in a variety of solvents. The dendritic effect generated by the branched shell is different in different solvents. In less polar, non hydrogen bond donor solvents, attachment of the branched shell to ferrocene increases its E(1/2), indicating that oxidation to ferrocenium (charge buildup) becomes thermodynamically hindered by the dendrimer, a result explained by the dendrimer providing a less polar medium than that of the surrounding electrolyte solution. The effect of electrolyte concentration on redox potential was also investigated, and it was shown that the concentration of "innocent" electrolyte has a significant effect on the redox potential by increasing the overall polarity of the surrounding medium. Dendritic destabilization of charge buildup is in agreement with the majority of reported dendritic effects. A notable exception to this is provided by the asymmetric ferrocene dendrimers previously reported by Kaifer and co-workers, in which the branching facilitated oxidation, and it is proposed that in this case the dendritic effect is generated by a different mechanism. Interestingly, in methanol, the new symmetric ferrocene dendrimer exhibited almost no dendritic effect, a result explained by the ability of methanol to interact extensively with the branched shell, generating a more open superstructure. By comparison of all the new data with other reports, this study provides a key insight into the structure-activity relationships which control redox processes in dendrimers and also an insight into the electrochemical process itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane L Stone
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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Dykes GM, Brierley LJ, Smith DK, McGrail PT, Seeley GJ. Supramolecular solubilisation of hydrophilic dyes by using individual dendritic branches. Chemistry 2001; 7:4730-9. [PMID: 11757666 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20011105)7:21<4730::aid-chem4730>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Individual dendritic branches can solubilise hydrophilic dyes in apolar media. The functional group at the focal point of the dendritic branch plays a key role in the dye uptake process. Supramolecular interactions between carboxylic acid and amine groups have been shown to be effective in enabling efficient solubilisation to occur. The necessary complementarity of this interaction is further illustrated by a series of control experiments. The extent of dendritic branching (i.e. dendritic generation) plays a key role in controlling the extent of dye uptake, with higher-generation dendritic branches exhibiting more efficient uptake at lower concentrations. UV/Visible spectroscopic methods have shown that the dendritic branches, in addition to the tuning of the extent of dye uptake, also tune the optical properties of the solubilised dye and this provides further insight into the interactions occurring between the solubilised dye and the individual dendritic branches. Furthermore, it is shown that suitably functionalised dendritic branches can transport hydrophilic dyes through an apolar phase and deliver them continuously into an aqueous medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Dykes
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington, UK.
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23
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Liu Y, Li B, Wada T, Inoue Y. Studies on molecular recognition in supramolecular systems. Part 31: Circular dichroism spectral studies of molecular and chiral recognition of aliphatic alcohols by 6-modified β-cyclodextrins. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00671-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Two series of dendritically modified tryptophan derivatives have been synthesised and their emission spectra measured in a range of different solvents. This paper presents the syntheses of these novel dendritic structures and discusses their emission spectra in terms of both solvent and dendritic effects. In the first series of dendrimers, the NH group of the indole ring is available for hydrogen bonding, whilst in the second series, the indole NH group has been converted to NMe. Direct comparison of the emission wavelengths of analogous NH and NMe derivatives indicates the importance of the Kamlet-Taft solvent beta3 parameter, which reflects the ability of the solvent to accept a hydrogen bond from the NH group, an effect not possible for the NMe series of dendrimers. For the NH dendrimers, the attachment of a dendritic shell to the tryptophan subunit leads to a red shift in emission wavelength. This dendritic effect only operates in non-hydrogen-bonding solvents. For the NMe dendrimers, however, the attachment of a dendritic shell has no effect on the emission spectra of the indole ring. This proves the importance of hydrogen bonding between the branched shell and the indole NH group in causing the dendritic effect. This is the first time a dendritic effect has been unambiguously assigned to individual hydrogen-bonding interactions and indicates that such intramolecular interactions are important in dendrimers, just as they are in proteins. Furthermore, this paper sheds light on the use of tryptophan residues as a probe of the microenvironment within proteins--in particular, it stresses the importance of hydrogen bonds formed by the indole NH group.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Koenig
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, UK
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25
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Nummelin S, Skrifvars M, Rissanen K. Polyester and Ester Functionalized Dendrimers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-46577-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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Abstract
Dendrimers represent a new class of highly branched polymers whose interior cavities and multiple peripheral groups facilitate potential applications in biomedicine and bio-organic chemistry. Major advances in the past year were made in the synthesis and study of new carbohydrate, nucleic acid, and peptide dendrimers, as well as in the use of dendrimers as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents, as agents for cellular delivery of nucleic acids, and as scaffolds for biomimetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kim
- Department of Chemistry 600 S Mathews Avenue University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA
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Kenda B, Diederich F. Supramolekulare Aggregate durch Einfädeln molekularer Stäbe mit Steroid-Endgruppen in dendritische Cyclophane (Dendrophane). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(19981116)110:22<3357::aid-ange3357>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Bar-Haim A, Klafter J. On mean residence and first passage times in finite one-dimensional systems. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.477135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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31
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Chow HF, Mong TKK, Nongrum MF, Wan CW. The synthesis and properties of novel functional dendritic molecules. Tetrahedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(98)00409-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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Wallimann P, Mattei S, Seiler P, Diederich F. New Cyclophanes as Initiator Cores for the Construction of Dendritic Receptors: Host-guest complexation in aqueous solutions and structures of solid-state inclusion compounds. Helv Chim Acta 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19970800809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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