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Engbers S, Hage R, Klein JEMN. Toward Environmentally Benign Electrophilic Chlorinations: From Chloroperoxidase to Bioinspired Isoporphyrins. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:8105-8111. [PMID: 35574587 PMCID: PMC9157495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silène Engbers
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Hage
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
- Catexel BV, BioPartner Center Leiden, Galileiweg 8, Leiden 2333 BD, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes E. M. N. Klein
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
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2
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Wang Z, Fu Z, Jian Y, Han Y, Xia M, Zhang S, Yan B, Jiang G, Lu D, Wu J, Liu Z. Glucose Induces Heme Leakage and Suppresses H2O2 Uptake of Chloroperoxidase in the Asymmetric Hydroxylation of Ethylbenzene. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheyu Wang
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Zhongwang Fu
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Yupei Jian
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Yilei Han
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Meng Xia
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Shuiwei Zhang
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Binhang Yan
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Guoqiang Jiang
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Diannan Lu
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- University of California Riverside Department of Chemical and Environmental and Engineering CHINA
| | - Zheng Liu
- Tsinghua University Chemical Engineering Qinghua Yuan 1 100084 Beijing CHINA
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3
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Shin JY, Nguyen AQ. Exquisite chemistries of meso-pentafluorophenyl and meso-(2,6-dichlorophenyl) dipyrromethanes. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424621300019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
meso-Aryl dipyrromethanes are important building blocks to create various practical molecules, and the electron-withdrawing effect of the meso-aryls can play an important role in improving/controlling their reactivities in further reactions: meso-Pentafluorophenyl and meso-(2,6-dichlorophenyl) substituted dipyrromethanes towards the associating dipyrrins and other derivatives have been investigated, in which coordination with different transition metals followed by the dissociation of the metal coordination by interruption of proton and halide ions have been verified. Furthermore, simple DDQ-oxidations of the dipyrromethanes have afforded DDQ-dipyrrin adducts which were delivered to distinctly advanced molecular rearrangements in the presence of acid and base. Vinylene bisdipyrrin compounds, obtained in the reactions of DDQ-dipyrrin adducts with a Lewis base triethylamine, have produced expanded porphyrinoid bis-nickel complexes during the metalation procedure with nickel acetate, while a cobalt metalation of the vinylene bisdipyrrin compounds resulted in an isolation of diamagnetic octahedral cobalt(III) complex. Moreover, meso-pentafluorophenyl and meso-(2,6-dichlorophenyl) dipyrromethanes have been useful platforms to accomplish size-controlled series of meso-aryl-substituted expanded porphyrins and easy separation/purification of selective meso-aryl expanded porphyrins, in which advanced metal complexes and various fascinating properties and reactivities admitting moderate functional molecules have arisen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Shin
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - An Quang Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Brücher O, Hartung J. Oxidative chlorination of 4-pentenols and other functionalized hydrocarbons. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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5
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Beyzavi MH, Nietzold C, Reissig HU, Wiehe A. Synthesis of Functionalizedtrans-A2B2-Porphyrins Using Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropane-Derived Dipyrromethanes. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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6
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Li P, Alenezi K, Ibrahim SK, Wright JA, Hughes DL, Pickett CJ. Towards alternatives to anodic water oxidation: basket-handle thiolate Fe(III) porphyrins for electrocatalytic hydrocarbon oxidation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2012; 5:2361-2375. [PMID: 22945754 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201200572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Selective electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrocarbons to alcohols, epoxides or other (higher value) oxygenates should in principal present a useful complementary anodic half-cell reaction to cathodic generation of fuels from water or CO(2) viz. an alternative to oxygen evolution. A series of new basket-handle thiolate Fe(III) porphyrins have been synthesised and shown to mediate anodic oxidation of hydrocarbons, specifically adamantane hydroxylation and cyclooctene epoxidation. We compare yields obtained by electrochemical and chemical oxidation of the thiolate porphyrins and benchmark their behaviour against that of Fe(III) tetraphenyl porphyrin chloride and its tetrapentafluorophenyl analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyi Li
- Energy Materials Laboratory, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
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Cong Z, Kurahashi T, Fujii H. Formation of Iron(III) meso-Chloro-isoporphyrin as a Reactive Chlorinating Agent from Oxoiron(IV) Porphyrin π-Cation Radical. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:4469-72. [DOI: 10.1021/ja209985v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Cong
- Institute
for Molecular Science and Okazaki Institute
for Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Takuya Kurahashi
- Institute
for Molecular Science and Okazaki Institute
for Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujii
- Institute
for Molecular Science and Okazaki Institute
for Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
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8
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Cong Z, Kurahashi T, Fujii H. Oxidation of chloride and subsequent chlorination of organic compounds by oxoiron(IV) porphyrin π-cation radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:9935-9. [PMID: 21913293 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201104461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ironing it out: oxoiron(IV) porphyrin π-cation radical complexes serve as models for the oxidation of Cl(-) into an active chlorinating reagent that chlorinates various organic compounds. Evidence suggests that Cl(-) is oxidized to Cl(2) via Cl·. The mechanism involving either direct electron transfer or iron(III) hypochlorite formation, and then homolysis of the Cl-O bond is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Cong
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
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Cong Z, Kurahashi T, Fujii H. Oxidation of Chloride and Subsequent Chlorination of Organic Compounds by Oxoiron(IV) Porphyrin π-Cation Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201104461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Lahaye D, Groves JT. Modeling the haloperoxidases: Reversible oxygen atom transfer between bromide ion and an oxo-Mn(V) porphyrin. J Inorg Biochem 2007; 101:1786-97. [PMID: 17825916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2007.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Revised: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 07/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The manganese meso-dimethylimidazolium porphyrin complex Mn(III)[TDMImP] reacted with HOBr/OBr(-) to generate the corresponding oxo-Mn(V)[TDMImP] species. The rate of this process accelerated with increasing pH. A forward rate constant, k(for), of 1.65x10(6)M(-1)s(-1) was determined at pH 8. Under these conditions, the oxo-Mn(V) species is short-lived and is transformed into the corresponding oxo-Mn(IV) complex. A first-order rate constant, k(obs), of 0.66 s(-1) was found for this reduction process at pH 8. The mechanism of this reduction process, which was dependent on bromide ion, appeared to proceed via an intermediate Mn(III)-O-Br complex. Thus, both a fast, reversible Mn(III)-O-Br bond heterolysis and a slower homolytic pathway occur in parallel in this system. The reverse oxidation reaction between oxo-Mn(V)[TDMImP] and bromide was investigated as a function of pH. The rate of this oxo-transfer reaction (k(rev)=1.4x10(3)M(-1)s(-1) at pH 8) markedly accelerated as the pH was lowered. The observed first-order dependence of the rate on [H(+)] indicates that the reactive species responsible for bromide oxidation is a protonated oxo-hydroxo complex and the stable species present in solution at high pH is dioxo-Mn(V)[TDMImP], [O=Mn(V)=O](-). The oxo-Mn(V) species retains nearly all of the oxidative driving force of the hypohalite. The equilibrium constant K(equi)=k(for)/k(rev) for the reversible process was determined at three different pH values (K(equi)=1.15x10(3) at pH 8) allowing the measurement of the redox potentials E of oxo-Mn(V)/Mn(III) (E=1.01 V at pH 8). The redox potential for this couple was extrapolated over the entire pH scale using the Nernst relationship and compared to those of the manganese 2- and 4-meso-N-methylpyridinium porphyrin couples oxo-Mn(V)[2-TMPyP]/Mn(III)[2-TMPyP], oxo-Mn(V)[4-TMPyP]/Mn(III)[4-TMPyP], OBr(-)/Br(-) and H(2)O(2)/H(2)O. Notably, the redox potential of oxo-Mn(V)/Mn(III) for the imidazolium porphyrin approaches that of H(2)O(2)/H(2)O at low pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothée Lahaye
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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12
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Stepánek P, Dukh M, Saman D, Moravcová J, Kniezo L, Monti D, Venanzi M, Mancini G, Drasar P. Synthesis and solvent driven self-aggregation studies of meso-"C-glycoside"-porphyrin derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:960-70. [PMID: 17340012 DOI: 10.1039/b616096d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New types of porphyrin derivatives bearing "C-glycoside" moieties, either in 5,10,15,20- or in 5,15-meso-positions, were prepared and fully characterized. The presence of the glycosidic groups imparts to the title macrocycles, besides an amphiphilic character, a clear tendency to form chiral suprastructures upon solvent-driven self-aggregation in different aqueous-organic solvent mixtures. Supra-assembly phenomena, in terms of the size and morphology of the resulting structures, as well as their kinetics of aggregation, were studied by UV-visible, fluorescence, resonance light scattering (RLS), and CD spectroscopy, indicating that the morphology of the aggregates depends strongly on the structure of the porphyrin rings, and on the bulk conditions of aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Stepánek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, AS CR, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-166 10, Praha 6, Czech Republic
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Murali Manoj K. Chlorinations catalyzed by chloroperoxidase occur via diffusible intermediate(s) and the reaction components play multiple roles in the overall process. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2006; 1764:1325-39. [PMID: 16870515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2006.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Revised: 05/29/2006] [Accepted: 05/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The chlorination mechanism of the fungal enzyme chloroperoxidase (CPO) has been debated for (1) active site chlorination and (2) diffusible species mediated chlorination. Based upon the conversion of approximately 35 different substrates belonging to different reactive groups, it was found that substrate dimensions and topography had no pronounced effect on rates of CPO chlorination reaction. Epoxidation of indene was dependent on its concentration where as chlorination was not. Also, effective conversion was seen in the chlorination mixture for substrates that could not be epoxidized or sulfoxidized. Some insoluble substrates and certain molecules that exceeded the active site dimensions were chlorinated at rates comparable to the rates required for CPO's more natural substrate, monochlorodimedone. By terminating the enzymatic reaction with an active site ligand (azide), the amount of diffusible species was correlated to CPO in the reaction mixture. The preferential utilization of a substrate, earlier attributed to the active site, is found to be due to the specificity afforded by the reaction environment. It was found that the reaction medium components of peroxide, chloride and hydronium ions affected the reaction rates through varying roles in the enzymatic and non-enzymatic process. Besides these experimental evidences, key mechanistic and kinetic arguments are presented to infer that the final chlorine transfer occurs outside the active site via a diffusible species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelath Murali Manoj
- Department of Biochemistry, 600 South Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL-61801, USA.
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Laha JK, Dhanalekshmi S, Taniguchi M, Ambroise A, Lindsey JS. A Scalable Synthesis of Meso-Substituted Dipyrromethanes. Org Process Res Dev 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/op034083q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joydev K. Laha
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, U.S.A
| | - Savithri Dhanalekshmi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, U.S.A
| | - Masahiko Taniguchi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, U.S.A
| | - Arounaguiry Ambroise
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, U.S.A
| | - Jonathan S. Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, U.S.A
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French RR, Holzer P, Leuenberger M, Nold MC, Woggon WD. A supramolecular enzyme model catalyzing the central cleavage of carotenoids. J Inorg Biochem 2002; 88:295-304. [PMID: 11897343 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(01)00363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Several bis-beta-cyclodextrin porphyrins have been prepared as supramolecular receptors of carotenoids. The binding constants of carotenoids to receptors were determined by quenching the fluorescence of the porphyrins on hydrophobic binding of carotenoids within the cavities of cyclodextrins. K(a)=8.3 x 10(6) M(-1) was calculated for binding of beta,beta-carotene to bis-beta-cyclodextrin Zn porphyrin. The corresponding Ru complex catalyzes the central cleavage of carotenoids in the presence of tert-butyl hydroperoxide in a biphasic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard R French
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Jin N, Bourassa J, Tizio S, Groves J. Rapid, Reversible Oxygen Atom Transfer between an Oxomanganese(V) Porphyrin and Bromide: A Haloperoxidase Mimic with Enzymatic Rates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20001103)112:21<4007::aid-ange4007>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ogliaro F, Cohen S, Filatov M, Harris N, Shaik S. The High-Valent Compound of Cytochrome P450: The Nature of the Fe−S Bond and the Role of the Thiolate Ligand as an Internal Electron Donor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000; 39:3851-3855. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20001103)39:21<3851::aid-anie3851>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2000] [Revised: 08/02/2000] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Jin N, Bourassa J, Tizio S, Groves J. Rapid, Reversible Oxygen Atom Transfer between an Oxomanganese(V) Porphyrin and Bromide: A Haloperoxidase Mimic with Enzymatic Rates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000; 39:3849-3851. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20001103)39:21<3849::aid-anie3849>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2000] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ogliaro F, Cohen S, Filatov M, Harris N, Shaik S. The High-Valent Compound of Cytochrome P450: The Nature of the Fe−S Bond and the Role of the Thiolate Ligand as an Internal Electron Donor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20001103)39:21%3c3851::aid-anie3851%3e3.0.co%3b2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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Ogliaro F, Cohen S, Filatov M, Harris N, Shaik S. The High-Valent Compound of Cytochrome P450: The Nature of the Fe−S Bond and the Role of the Thiolate Ligand as an Internal Electron Donor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20001103)112:21<4009::aid-ange4009>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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