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Šamec D, Jurčević Šangut I, Karalija E, Šarkanj B, Zelić B, Šalić A. 3'-8″- Biflavones: A Review of Their Structural Diversity, Natural Occurrence, Role in Plants, Extraction and Identification. Molecules 2024; 29:4634. [PMID: 39407564 PMCID: PMC11478198 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29194634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Dimeric forms of flavonoids, known as biflavonoids, are much less studied compared to monomeric forms. It is estimated that nearly 600 different natural biflavonoids have been described to date, containing various subtypes that can be subdivided according to the position of their combinations and the nature of the subunits. The group in which two monomers are linked by a 3'-8″-C atom includes the first isolated biflavonoid ginkgetin, derivatives of amentoflavone, and several other compounds. 3'-8″-biflavones recently attracted much attention as potential molecules with biological activity such as antiviral and antimicrobial activity and as effective molecules for the treatment of neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases and in cancer therapies. With the growing interest in them as pharmacologically active molecules, there is also increasing interest in finding new natural sources of 3'-8″-biflavones and optimizing methods for their extraction and identification. Herein, we have summarized the available data on the structural diversity, natural occurrence, role in plants, extraction, and identification of 3'-8″-biflavones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Šamec
- Department of Food Technology, University North, Trg Dr. Žarka Dolinara 1, HR-48000 Koprivnica, Croatia; (I.J.Š.); (B.Š.)
| | - Iva Jurčević Šangut
- Department of Food Technology, University North, Trg Dr. Žarka Dolinara 1, HR-48000 Koprivnica, Croatia; (I.J.Š.); (B.Š.)
| | - Erna Karalija
- Laboratory for Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Bojan Šarkanj
- Department of Food Technology, University North, Trg Dr. Žarka Dolinara 1, HR-48000 Koprivnica, Croatia; (I.J.Š.); (B.Š.)
| | - Bruno Zelić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Department of Reaction Engineering and Catalysis, Marulićev trg 19, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Department of Packaging, Recycling and Environmental Protection, University North, Trg dr. Žarka Dolinara 1, HR-48000 Koprivnica, Croatia
| | - Anita Šalić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Department of Thermodynamics, Mechanical Engineering and Energy, Marulićev trg 19, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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Xu H, Ma S. Palladium-Catalyzed [6+2] Double Allene Annulation for Benzazocines Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213676. [PMID: 36372784 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
An efficient double allene protocol for the formation of benzazocines has been developed. The reaction constitutes a highly regioselective palladium-catalyzed formal [6+2] annulation of allenyl benzoxazinanones with terminal allenes forming the challenging 8-membered cycles. Decent yields and excellent regioselectivity have been observed under mild conditions with a remarkable Z-stereoselectivity for the exo-cyclic C=C bonds. The synthetic potentials of benzazocine products have been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shengming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.,Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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Lee S, Sperry J. Isolation and biological activity of azocine and azocane alkaloids. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 54:116560. [PMID: 34923389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Thousands of known alkaloids contain a nitrogen (N) heterocycle. While five-, six- and seven-membered N-heterocycles (ie: pyrroles, imidazoles, indoles, pyridines and azepines and their saturated variants) are common, those with an eight-membered N-heterocycle are comparatively rare. This review discusses the structure and bioactivity of alkaloids that contain an azocine (or saturated azocane) ring, and the array of sources whence they originate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Lee
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Sperry
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Xia C, Tong X. Moschamine-Related Indole Alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2018; 79:139-189. [PMID: 29455835 DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Moschamine-related alkaloids originate mainly from feruloylserotonin by cyclization or dimerization. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the achievements in the field of moschamine-related alkaloids. In the isolation part, a detailed structural characterization of moschamine-related alkaloids is followed by their spectral data. Besides the well-known antioxidative activities, other screened biological properties are also outlined. Since their isolation, different protocols have been developed to synthesize these alkaloids. The synthetic part is organized according to the different synthetic methodologies for the formation of key structural elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfeng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
| | - Xiaogang Tong
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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Njock GBB, Grougnet R, Efstathiou A, Smirlis D, Genta-Jouve G, Michel S, Mbing JN, Kritsanida M. A Nitrile Glucoside and Biflavones from the Leaves of Campylospermum excavatum
(Ochnaceae). Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaétan Bayiha Ba Njock
- Département de Chimie Organique; Faculté des Sciences; Université de Yaoundé I; BP 812 Yaoundé Cameroun
| | - Raphaël Grougnet
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie; UMR/CNRS 8638 COMETE; Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris; Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité; 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire 75006 Paris France
| | - Antonia Efstathiou
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology; Department of Microbiology; Hellenic Pasteur Institute; 127 Vas. Sofias Ave 11521 Athens Greece
| | - Despina Smirlis
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology; Department of Microbiology; Hellenic Pasteur Institute; 127 Vas. Sofias Ave 11521 Athens Greece
| | - Grégory Genta-Jouve
- C-TAC, UMR/CNRS 8638 COMETE; Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris; Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité; 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire 75006 Paris France
| | - Sylvie Michel
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie; UMR/CNRS 8638 COMETE; Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris; Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité; 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire 75006 Paris France
| | - Joséphine Ngo Mbing
- Département de Chimie Organique; Faculté des Sciences; Université de Yaoundé I; BP 812 Yaoundé Cameroun
| | - Marina Kritsanida
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie; UMR/CNRS 8638 COMETE; Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris; Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité; 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire 75006 Paris France
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Yu S, Yan H, Zhang L, Shan M, Chen P, Ding A, Li SFY. A Review on the Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Pharmacokinetics of Amentoflavone, a Naturally-Occurring Biflavonoid. Molecules 2017; 22:E299. [PMID: 28212342 PMCID: PMC6155574 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Amentoflavone (C30H18O10) is a well-known biflavonoid occurring in many natural plants. This polyphenolic compound has been discovered to have some important bioactivities, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-diabetes, and anti-senescence effects on many important reactions in the cardiovascular and central nervous system, etc. Over 120 plants have been found to contain this bioactive component, such as Selaginellaceae, Cupressaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Podocarpaceae, and Calophyllaceae plant families. This review paper aims to profile amentoflavone on its plant sources, natural derivatives, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics, and to highlight some existing issues and perspectives in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hui Yan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Mingqiu Shan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Peidong Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Anwei Ding
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Sam Fong Yau Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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Wu S, Zeng R, Fu C, Yu Y, Zhang X, Ma S. Rhodium-catalyzed C-H functionalization-based approach to eight-membered lactams. Chem Sci 2015; 6:2275-2285. [PMID: 29308141 PMCID: PMC5645731 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00092k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A Rh(iii) catalyzed formal [4 + 2 + 2] cyclization of N-pivaloyloxybenzamides 1 with 1,6-allene-enes 2 by C-H functionalization is reported. The reactions occur at room temperature and are compatible with air and moisture with a tolerance of many synthetically useful functional groups. The follow-up modifications of the products have been demonstrated. After careful mechanistic studies and DFT calculation, a reaction mechanism was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangze Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Synthesis , Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , Zhejiang , P. R. China .
| | - Rong Zeng
- Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Synthesis , Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , Zhejiang , P. R. China .
| | - Chunling Fu
- Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Synthesis , Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , Zhejiang , P. R. China .
| | - Yihua Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance , Department of Physics , East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062 , P. R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032 , P. R. China .
| | - Shengming Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Synthesis , Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , Zhejiang , P. R. China . .,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032 , P. R. China .
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Ishikura M, Abe T, Choshi T, Hibino S. Simple indole alkaloids and those with a nonrearranged monoterpenoid unit. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:1389-471. [DOI: 10.1039/c5np00032g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the isolation, structure determination, total syntheses and biological activities of simple indole alkaloids and those with a nonrearranged monoterpenoid unit, with literature coverage from 2012 to 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Ishikura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
- Ishikari-Tobetsu
- Japan
| | - Takumi Abe
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
- Ishikari-Tobetsu
- Japan
| | - Tominari Choshi
- Graduate School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Fukuyama University
- Fukuyama
- Japan
| | - Satoshi Hibino
- Graduate School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Fukuyama University
- Fukuyama
- Japan
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