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Fandetti SM, Dahl AA, Webster C, Bably MB, Coffman MJ, Racine EF. Healthy Food Policies Documented in University Food Service Contracts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6617. [PMID: 37623200 PMCID: PMC10454280 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20166617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
In the United States, there is an opportunity to improve the nutritional health of university students through the campus food environment. This project used a content analysis approach to investigate whether healthy food standards and policies were incorporated into the contract agreements between North Carolina (NC) public universities and their food service management companies. Food service contracts were collected from 14 NC public universities using food service management companies on campus. Each contract was evaluated using the 35-item North Carolina Food Service Policy Guidelines Assessment to examine four elements of the campus food environment: Beverages, Packaged Snacks, Prepared Foods, and Other (e.g., strategic placement of healthier food). Five university food service contracts incorporated no North Carolina Food Service Policy Guidelines, three university contracts included one to five guidelines, and six university contracts included six to nine guidelines. Altogether, 13 of the 35 guidelines were incorporated into at least one university food service contract. This project presents a cost and time-effective assessment method for determining if evidence-based nutrition guidelines have been included in university food service contracts. This approach and findings may lead to contract revisions to improve the campus food environment and, subsequently, the nutritional health of college populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy M. Fandetti
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (A.A.D.); (C.W.); (M.B.B.)
| | - Alicia Anne Dahl
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (A.A.D.); (C.W.); (M.B.B.)
| | - Caitlan Webster
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (A.A.D.); (C.W.); (M.B.B.)
| | - Morium Barakat Bably
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (A.A.D.); (C.W.); (M.B.B.)
| | - Maren J. Coffman
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA;
| | - Elizabeth F. Racine
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, 1380 A and M Circle, El Paso, TX 79927, USA;
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Caruso OT, Schaafsma HN, McEachern LW, Gilliland JA. The campus food environment and postsecondary student diet: a systematic review. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-25. [PMID: 37437204 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2227725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Examine the impact of the campus food environment on postsecondary students' dietary behaviors (e.g., dietary intake) and food purchasing. Participants: Students currently attending a postsecondary institution, all ages and geographic locations included. Methods: A systematic search from January 2000-October 2022 was conducted in six databases using postsecondary education, food environment, and diet related keywords. Results: In total, 25 quantitative and 10 qualitative studies were extracted. All quantitative studies that conducted statistical analyses (n = 15) reported a statistically significant relationship between the campus food environment and dietary intake, including both positive and negative effects. All qualitative studies (n = 10) discussed students' experience of the campus food environment influencing their diet. Conclusions: This review found moderate evidence that the campus food environment has an impact on postsecondary students' dietary behaviors. A campus environment that has healthy foods accessible, affordable, and acceptable for postsecondary students may have a beneficial impact on students' dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia T Caruso
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Geography, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Holly N Schaafsma
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Louise W McEachern
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Geography, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason A Gilliland
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Geography, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- School of Health Studies, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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Betancourt-Núñez A, Nava-Amante PA, Bernal-Orozco MF, Vizmanos B, Vargas-García EJ, Márquez-Sandoval F, Salas-García MA, Díaz-López A. Food insecurity was negatively associated with adherence to the "fruits, vegetables, and foods rich in animal protein" dietary pattern among university students' households: the 2018 Mexican National Household Survey. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:854. [PMID: 37226130 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15755-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND University students are often affected by food insecurity (FI) and this situation has been associated with low consumption of fruit/vegetables and high intake of added sugars and sweet drinks. However, there needs to be more evidence on the association between FI and dietary patterns (DPs), assessing the overall diet and allowing analysis of commonly consumed food combinations. We aimed to analyze the association between FI and DPs in university students' households. METHODS We used data from 7659 university student households from the 2018 Mexican National Household Income and Expenditure Survey (ENIGH, for its acronym in Spanish). We obtained FI levels (mild, moderate, and severe) using the validated Mexican Food Security Scale (EMSA, Spanish acronym). Two DPs were identified by principal component analysis based on the weekly frequency of consumption of 12 food groups. Multivariate logistic regression adjusted by university student and household's characteristics was applied. RESULTS Compared to food security, households with mild-FI (OR:0.34; 95%CI:0.30, 0.40), moderate-FI (OR:0.20; 95%CI:0.16, 0.24) or severe-FI (OR:0.14; 95%CI:0.11, 0.19) were less likely to adhere to the dietary pattern "Fruits, vegetables and foods rich in animal protein" (fruits, vegetables, meat, fish or seafood, dairy products, and starchy vegetables). In addition, people with severe-FI (OR:0.51; 95% CI:0.34, 0.76) were also less likely to adhere to the dietary pattern "Traditional-Westernized" (pulses, oils or fats, sugar, sweets, industrialized drinks, foods made from corn/maize, wheat, rice, oats or bran, coffee, tea and eggs). CONCLUSIONS In these households FI impairs the ability to consume a healthy dietary pattern (fruits/vegetables and foods rich in animal protein). In addition, the intake of foods typical of the Mexican food culture reflecting the local Western dietary pattern is compromised in households with severe-FI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Betancourt-Núñez
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara, México
- Laboratorio de Evaluación del Estado Nutricio, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara, México
- Instituto Traslacional de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara, México
- Departamento de Disciplinas Filosófico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Pablo Alejandro Nava-Amante
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara, México
- Laboratorio de Evaluación del Estado Nutricio, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara, México
- Instituto Traslacional de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara, México
| | - María Fernanda Bernal-Orozco
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara, México
- Laboratorio de Evaluación del Estado Nutricio, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara, México
- Instituto Traslacional de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara, México
| | - Barbara Vizmanos
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara, México.
- Laboratorio de Evaluación del Estado Nutricio, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara, México.
- Instituto Traslacional de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara, México.
- Departamento de Disciplinas Filosófico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
| | - Elisa J Vargas-García
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Fabiola Márquez-Sandoval
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara, México
- Laboratorio de Evaluación del Estado Nutricio, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara, México
- Instituto Traslacional de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara, México
| | - Miguel Amaury Salas-García
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara, México
- Laboratorio de Evaluación del Estado Nutricio, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara, México
- Instituto Traslacional de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara, México
| | - Andrés Díaz-López
- Serra Hunter Fellow, Universitat Rovira I Virgili (URV), Reus, Spain
- Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group (NUTRISAM), Rovira I Virgili University (URV), Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Detopoulou P, Dedes V, Syka D, Tzirogiannis K, Panoutsopoulos GI. Relation of Minimally Processed Foods and Ultra-Processed Foods with the Mediterranean Diet Score, Time-Related Meal Patterns and Waist Circumference: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study in University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2806. [PMID: 36833504 PMCID: PMC9957033 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-processed foods are associated with chronic diseases, cardiometabolic factors and obesity. According to the NOVA system, foods are classified into four categories (from 1 = unprocessed to 4 = ultra-processed foods). The purpose of the present study was to assess the consumption of minimally processed foods (MPF) and ultra-processed foods (UPF) in university students and their relationship with obesity, Mediterranean diet adherence and meal patterns. In total, 346 students (269 women) of the University of Peloponnese participated. A food frequency questionnaire was used, and the MedDietScore was calculated. The % energy contribution of MPF and UPF was calculated. The identification of meal patterns was performed via principal component analysis. Both multivariate regression and Spearman's correlations were used to measure the association of UPF/MPF consumption with anthropometric indices (body mass index, BMI and waist circumference, WC), Mediterranean diet adherence and early/late meal patterns. UPF and MPF provided 40.7 ± 13.6% and 44.3 ± 11.9% (mean ± standard deviation) of energy intake, respectively. In multi-adjusted linear regression models UPF consumption (% energy) was positively associated with WC in men but it was not related to BMI (total sample, men, women). UPF consumption was negatively related to the MedDietScore (Spearman rho = -0.214, p < 0.001) and an "early eating" pattern (Spearman rho = -0.120, p = 0.029) and positively associated with a "late eating" meal pattern (Spearman rho = 0.190, p = 0.001). MPF consumption was positively associated with the MedDietScore (Spearman rho = 0.309, p < 0.001) and an "early eating" pattern (Spearman rho = 0.240, p < 0.001). In conclusion, UPF consumption was positively related to WC in male university students. Nutritional and sociodemographic correlates of UPF consumption, such as low Mediterranean diet adherence and having a "late eating" pattern serve as a basis to better understand the UPF consumption-central obesity relation in young adults and should be considered in nutrition education programs for young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Detopoulou
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, General Hospital Korgialenio Benakio, Athanassaki 2, 11526 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilios Dedes
- Department of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, New Building, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Dimitra Syka
- Department of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, New Building, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | | | - Georgios I. Panoutsopoulos
- Department of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, New Building, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
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Diet Quality among Students Attending an Australian University is Compromised by Food Insecurity and Less Frequent Intake of Home Cooked Meals. A Cross-Sectional Survey Using the Validated Healthy Eating Index for Australian Adults (HEIFA-2013). Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214522. [PMID: 36364787 PMCID: PMC9655026 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor diet quality is commonly reported in young adults. This study aimed to measure the diet quality of students attending a large Australian university (including domestic and international students), and to examine the effect of food security status and other key factors likely to impact their diet quality. Using the Automated Self-Administered 24-h recall Australian version, a cross-sectional survey collected dietary recalls from domestic and international students in one university in Sydney. Diet quality was assessed using the validated Healthy Eating Index for Australian Adults (HEIFA-2013) which gives a score out of 100. Food security status was measured by the 18-item Household Food Security Survey Module. Differences in the mean HEIFA-2013 scores by student characteristics were determined by analysis of covariance. A total of 141 students completed one dietary recall. The mean HEIFA-2013 score for students was low (mean 52.4, 95% CI 50.0–54.8). Food-insecure students had a poorer diet quality (mean 43.7, 95% CI 35.7–51.8) than their food-secure peers (mean 53.2, 95% CI 50.8–55.7, p = 0.027). The mean HEIFA-2013 score was similar in domestic (mean 52.5, 95% CI 49.9–55.2) and international students (mean 51.9, 95% CI 46.3–57.5, p = 0.845). Those reporting self-perceived excellent cooking skills and higher cooking frequency had better diet quality. Interventions to improve food and nutrition knowledge and skills and address food insecurity may help tertiary education students cook more frequently and achieve better diet quality.
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Detopoulou P, Dedes V, Syka D, Tzirogiannis K, Panoutsopoulos GI. Mediterranean Diet, a Posteriori Dietary Patterns, Time-Related Meal Patterns and Adiposity: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study in University Students. Diseases 2022; 10:diseases10030064. [PMID: 36135220 PMCID: PMC9497476 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10030064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transition to university is connected to potentially obesogenic dietary changes. Our aim was to assess the relation of Mediterranean diet adherence, and a posteriori dietary and meal patterns with adiposity in Greek students at the University of the Peloponnese. A total of 346 students (269 women) participated. Anthropometry was performed, and a food frequency questionnaire was administered. The MedDietScore was higher in women and was not linearly related to adiposity. Principal component analysis revealed six patterns: (1) legumes/vegetables/fruits/tea/dairy/whole grains, (2) juice/sodas/liquid calories, (3) olive oil/fats, (4) meat/poultry/fish, (5) alcohol/eggs/dairy and (6) fast foods/sweets. Patterns 4 and 6 were related to overweight/obesity probability (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 0.995-2.538 and OR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.07-6.06, respectively) and higher waist circumference (men). Men "early eaters" (breakfast/morning/afternoon snack) had a higher MedDietScore and lower overweight probability (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.220-1.020). Poor meal and dietary patterns relate to overweight and central obesity, which is important for targeted health promotion programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Detopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, New Building, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, General Hospital Korgialenio Benakio, Athanassaki 2, 11526 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Dedes
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, New Building, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Dimitra Syka
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, New Building, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | | | - Georgios I. Panoutsopoulos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, New Building, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
- Correspondence:
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Racine EF, Schorno R, Gholizadeh S, Bably MB, Hatami F, Stephens C, Zadrozny W, Schulkind L, Paul R. A College Fast-Food Environment and Student Food and Beverage Choices: Developing an Integrated Database to Examine Food and Beverage Purchasing Choices among College Students. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040900. [PMID: 35215550 PMCID: PMC8879900 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Universities typically offer residential students a variety of fast-food dining options as part of the student meal plan. When residential students make fast-food purchases on campus there is a digital record of the transaction which can be used to study food purchasing behavior. This study examines the association between student demographic, economic, and behavioral factors and the healthfulness of student fast-food purchases. The 3781 fast-food items sold at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte from fall 2016 to spring 2019 were given a Fast-Food Health Score. Each student participating in the university meal plan was given a Student Average Fast-Food Health Score; calculated by averaging the Fast-Food Health Scores associated with each food and beverage item the student purchased at a fast-food vendor, concession stand, or convenience store over a semester. This analysis included 14,367 students who generated 1,593,235 transactions valued at $10,757,110. Multivariate analyses were used to examine demographic, economic, and behavioral factors associated with Student Average Fast-Food Health Scores. Being of a low income, spending more money on fast-food items, and having a lower GPA were associated with lower Student Average Fast-Food Health Scores. Future research utilizing institutional food transaction data to study healthy food choices is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth F. Racine
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, El Paso, TX 79927, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-915-859-9111
| | - Rachel Schorno
- Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA;
| | - Shafie Gholizadeh
- Department of Computer Science, Computing and Informatics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA;
| | - Morium Barakat Bably
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (M.B.B.); (C.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Faizeh Hatami
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA;
| | - Casey Stephens
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (M.B.B.); (C.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Wlodek Zadrozny
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA;
| | - Lisa Schulkind
- Department of Economics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA;
| | - Rajib Paul
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (M.B.B.); (C.S.); (R.P.)
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