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Almeida ZL, Vaz DC, Brito RMM. Transthyretin mutagenesis: impact on amyloidogenesis and disease. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2024:1-25. [PMID: 38850014 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2024.2350379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR), a homotetrameric protein found in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and the eye, plays a pivotal role in the onset of several amyloid diseases with high morbidity and mortality. Protein aggregation and fibril formation by wild-type TTR and its natural more amyloidogenic variants are hallmarks of ATTRwt and ATTRv amyloidosis, respectively. The formation of soluble amyloid aggregates and the accumulation of insoluble amyloid fibrils and deposits in multiple tissues can lead to organ dysfunction and cell death. The most frequent manifestations of ATTR are polyneuropathies and cardiomyopathies. However, clinical manifestations such as carpal tunnel syndrome, leptomeningeal, and ocular amyloidosis, among several others may also occur. This review provides an up-to-date listing of all single amino-acid mutations in TTR known to date. Of approximately 220 single-point mutations, 93% are considered pathogenic. Aspartic acid is the residue mutated with the highest frequency, whereas tryptophan is highly conserved. "Hot spot" mutation regions are mainly assigned to β-strands B, C, and D. This manuscript also reviews the protein aggregation models that have been proposed for TTR amyloid fibril formation and the transient conformational states that convert native TTR into aggregation-prone molecular species. Finally, it compiles the various in vitro TTR aggregation protocols currently in use for research and drug development purposes. In short, this article reviews and discusses TTR mutagenesis and amyloidogenesis, and their implications in disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaida L Almeida
- Chemistry Department and Coimbra Chemistry Centre - Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela C Vaz
- Chemistry Department and Coimbra Chemistry Centre - Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- LSRE-LCM - Leiria, Portugal & ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui M M Brito
- Chemistry Department and Coimbra Chemistry Centre - Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Dasari AKR, Coats MF, Ali AB, Lim KH. Identification of the interfacial regions in misfolded transthyretin oligomers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2024; 1872:141027. [PMID: 38796131 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2024.141027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Misfolding and aggregation of transthyretin (TTR) is associated with numerous ATTR amyloidosis. TTR aggregates extracted from ATTR patients consist of not only full-length TTR, but also N-terminally truncated TTR fragments that can be produced by proteolytic cleavage, suggesting the presence of multiple misfolding pathways. Here, we report mechanistic studies of an early stage of TTR aggregation to probe the oligomerization process for the full-length as well as N-terminally truncated TTR. Our kinetic analyses using size exclusion chromatography revealed that amyloidogenic monomers dissociated from wild-type (WT) as well as pathogenic variants (V30M and L55P) form misfolded dimers, which self-assemble into oligomers, precursors of fibril formation. Dimeric interfaces in the full-length misfolded oligomers were investigated by examining the effect of single-point mutations on the two β-strands (F and H). The single-point mutations on the two β-strands (E92P on strand F and T119W on strand H) inhibited the dimerization of misfolded monomers, while the TTR variants can still form native dimers through the same F and H strands. These results suggest that the two strands are involved in intermolecular associations for both native and misfolded dimers, but detailed intermolecular interactions are different in the two forms of dimers. In the presence of a proteolytic enzyme, TTR aggregation is greatly accelerated. The two mutations on the two β-strands, however, inhibited TTR aggregation even in the presence of a proteolytic enzyme, trypsin. These results suggest that the two β-strands (F and H) play a critical role in aggregation of the N-terminally truncated TTR as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anvesh K R Dasari
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Matthew F Coats
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | | | - Kwang Hun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
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Argon A, Nart D, Yılmaz Barbet F. Cardiac Amyloidosis: Clinical Features, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Turk Patoloji Derg 2024; 40:1-9. [PMID: 38111336 PMCID: PMC10823787 DOI: 10.5146/tjpath.2023.12923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac amyloidosis is a type of amyloidosis that deserves special attention as organ involvement significantly worsens the prognosis. Cardiac amyloidosis can be grouped under three main headings: immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis that is dependent on amyloidogenic monoclonal light chain production; hereditary Transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis that results from accumulation of mutated TTR; and wild-type (non-hereditary) TTR amyloidosis formerly known as senile amyloidosis. Although all three types cause morbidity and mortality due to severe heart failure when untreated, they contain differences in their pathogenesis, clinical findings, and treatment. In this article, the clinical features, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment methods of cardiac amyloidosis will be explained with an overview, and an awareness will be raised in the diagnosis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuman Argon
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences University, Izmir Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Deniz Nart
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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Chandrasekhar G, Pengyong H, Pravallika G, Hailei L, Caixia X, Rajasekaran R. Defensin-based therapeutic peptide design in attenuating V30M TTR-induced Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:227. [PMID: 37304406 PMCID: PMC10250285 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to formulate an effective therapeutic candidate against V30M mutant transthyretin (TTR) protein to hinder its pathogenic misfolding. Nicotiana alata Defensin 1 (NaD1) Antimicrobial Peptide (AMP) was availed due to its tendency to aggregate, which may compete for aggregation-prone regions of pathogenic TTR protein. Based on NaD1's potential to bind to V30M TTR, we proposed NaD1-derived tetra peptides: CKTE and SKIL to be initial therapeutic candidates. Based on their association with mutant TTR protein, CKTE tetra peptide showed considerable interaction and curative potential as compared to SKIL tetra peptide. Further analyses from discrete molecular dynamics simulation corroborate CKTE tetra peptide's effectiveness as a 'beta-sheet breaker' against V30M TTR. Various post-simulation trajectory analyses suggested that CKTE tetra peptide alters the structural dynamics of pathogenic V30M TTR protein, thereby potentially attenuating its beta-sheets and impeding its aggregation. Normal mode analysis simulation corroborated that V30M TTR conformation is altered upon its interaction with CKTE peptide. Moreover, simulated thermal denaturation findings suggested that CKTE-V30M TTR complex is more susceptible to simulated denaturation, relative to pathogenic V30M TTR; further substantiating CKTE peptide's potential to alter V30M TTR's pathogenic conformation. Moreover, the residual frustration analysis augmented CKTE tetra peptide's proclivity in reorienting the conformation of V30M TTR. Therefore, we predicted that the tetra peptide, CKTE could be a promising therapeutic candidate in mitigating the amyloidogenic detrimental effects of V30M TTR-mediated familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03646-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Chandrasekhar
- Quantitative Biology Lab, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT, Deemed to Be University), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014 India
| | - H. Pengyong
- Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000 China
| | - G. Pravallika
- Quantitative Biology Lab, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT, Deemed to Be University), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014 India
| | - L. Hailei
- Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000 China
| | - X. Caixia
- Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000 China
| | - R. Rajasekaran
- Quantitative Biology Lab, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT, Deemed to Be University), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014 India
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5
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Shahpasand-Kroner H, Siddique I, Malik R, Linares GR, Ivanova MI, Ichida J, Weil T, Münch J, Sanchez-Garcia E, Klärner FG, Schrader T, Bitan G. Molecular Tweezers: Supramolecular Hosts with Broad-Spectrum Biological Applications. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:263-308. [PMID: 36549866 PMCID: PMC9976797 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine-selective molecular tweezers (MTs) are supramolecular host molecules displaying a remarkably broad spectrum of biologic activities. MTs act as inhibitors of the self-assembly and toxicity of amyloidogenic proteins using a unique mechanism. They destroy viral membranes and inhibit infection by enveloped viruses, such as HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2, by mechanisms unrelated to their action on protein self-assembly. They also disrupt biofilm of Gram-positive bacteria. The efficacy and safety of MTs have been demonstrated in vitro, in cell culture, and in vivo, suggesting that these versatile compounds are attractive therapeutic candidates for various diseases, infections, and injuries. A lead compound called CLR01 has been shown to inhibit the aggregation of various amyloidogenic proteins, facilitate their clearance in vivo, prevent infection by multiple viruses, display potent anti-biofilm activity, and have a high safety margin in animal models. The inhibitory effect of CLR01 against amyloidogenic proteins is highly specific to abnormal self-assembly of amyloidogenic proteins with no disruption of normal mammalian biologic processes at the doses needed for inhibition. Therapeutic effects of CLR01 have been demonstrated in animal models of proteinopathies, lysosomal-storage diseases, and spinal-cord injury. Here we review the activity and mechanisms of action of these intriguing compounds and discuss future research directions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Molecular tweezers are supramolecular host molecules with broad biological applications, including inhibition of abnormal protein aggregation, facilitation of lysosomal clearance of toxic aggregates, disruption of viral membranes, and interference of biofilm formation by Gram-positive bacteria. This review discusses the molecular and cellular mechanisms of action of the molecular tweezers, including the discovery of distinct mechanisms acting in vitro and in vivo, and the application of these compounds in multiple preclinical disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedieh Shahpasand-Kroner
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine (H.S.-K., I.S., R.M., G.B.), Brain Research Institute (G.B.), and Molecular Biology Institute (G.B.), University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (G.R.L., J.I.); Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.I.I.); Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (T.W., J.M.); and Department of Computational Biochemistry (E.S.-G.) and Faculty of Chemistry (F-G.K., T.S.), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ibrar Siddique
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine (H.S.-K., I.S., R.M., G.B.), Brain Research Institute (G.B.), and Molecular Biology Institute (G.B.), University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (G.R.L., J.I.); Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.I.I.); Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (T.W., J.M.); and Department of Computational Biochemistry (E.S.-G.) and Faculty of Chemistry (F-G.K., T.S.), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ravinder Malik
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine (H.S.-K., I.S., R.M., G.B.), Brain Research Institute (G.B.), and Molecular Biology Institute (G.B.), University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (G.R.L., J.I.); Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.I.I.); Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (T.W., J.M.); and Department of Computational Biochemistry (E.S.-G.) and Faculty of Chemistry (F-G.K., T.S.), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gabriel R Linares
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine (H.S.-K., I.S., R.M., G.B.), Brain Research Institute (G.B.), and Molecular Biology Institute (G.B.), University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (G.R.L., J.I.); Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.I.I.); Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (T.W., J.M.); and Department of Computational Biochemistry (E.S.-G.) and Faculty of Chemistry (F-G.K., T.S.), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Magdalena I Ivanova
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine (H.S.-K., I.S., R.M., G.B.), Brain Research Institute (G.B.), and Molecular Biology Institute (G.B.), University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (G.R.L., J.I.); Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.I.I.); Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (T.W., J.M.); and Department of Computational Biochemistry (E.S.-G.) and Faculty of Chemistry (F-G.K., T.S.), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Justin Ichida
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine (H.S.-K., I.S., R.M., G.B.), Brain Research Institute (G.B.), and Molecular Biology Institute (G.B.), University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (G.R.L., J.I.); Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.I.I.); Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (T.W., J.M.); and Department of Computational Biochemistry (E.S.-G.) and Faculty of Chemistry (F-G.K., T.S.), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tatjana Weil
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine (H.S.-K., I.S., R.M., G.B.), Brain Research Institute (G.B.), and Molecular Biology Institute (G.B.), University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (G.R.L., J.I.); Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.I.I.); Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (T.W., J.M.); and Department of Computational Biochemistry (E.S.-G.) and Faculty of Chemistry (F-G.K., T.S.), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Münch
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine (H.S.-K., I.S., R.M., G.B.), Brain Research Institute (G.B.), and Molecular Biology Institute (G.B.), University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (G.R.L., J.I.); Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.I.I.); Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (T.W., J.M.); and Department of Computational Biochemistry (E.S.-G.) and Faculty of Chemistry (F-G.K., T.S.), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Elsa Sanchez-Garcia
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine (H.S.-K., I.S., R.M., G.B.), Brain Research Institute (G.B.), and Molecular Biology Institute (G.B.), University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (G.R.L., J.I.); Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.I.I.); Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (T.W., J.M.); and Department of Computational Biochemistry (E.S.-G.) and Faculty of Chemistry (F-G.K., T.S.), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Frank-Gerrit Klärner
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine (H.S.-K., I.S., R.M., G.B.), Brain Research Institute (G.B.), and Molecular Biology Institute (G.B.), University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (G.R.L., J.I.); Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.I.I.); Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (T.W., J.M.); and Department of Computational Biochemistry (E.S.-G.) and Faculty of Chemistry (F-G.K., T.S.), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schrader
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine (H.S.-K., I.S., R.M., G.B.), Brain Research Institute (G.B.), and Molecular Biology Institute (G.B.), University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (G.R.L., J.I.); Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.I.I.); Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (T.W., J.M.); and Department of Computational Biochemistry (E.S.-G.) and Faculty of Chemistry (F-G.K., T.S.), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gal Bitan
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine (H.S.-K., I.S., R.M., G.B.), Brain Research Institute (G.B.), and Molecular Biology Institute (G.B.), University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (G.R.L., J.I.); Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.I.I.); Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (T.W., J.M.); and Department of Computational Biochemistry (E.S.-G.) and Faculty of Chemistry (F-G.K., T.S.), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Chandrasekhar G, Rajasekaran R. Theoretical investigations of TTR derived aggregation-prone peptides’ potential to biochemically attenuate the amyloidogenic propensities of V30 M TTR amyloid fibrils. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2023.100892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Dasari AKR, Yi S, Coats MF, Wi S, Lim KH. Toxic Misfolded Transthyretin Oligomers with Different Molecular Conformations Formed through Distinct Oligomerization Pathways. Biochemistry 2022; 61:2358-2365. [PMID: 36219173 PMCID: PMC9665167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein aggregation is initiated by structural changes from native polypeptides to cytotoxic oligomers, which form cross-β structured amyloid. Identification and characterization of oligomeric intermediates are critically important for understanding not only the molecular mechanism of aggregation but also the cytotoxic nature of amyloid oligomers. Preparation of misfolded oligomers for structural characterization is, however, challenging because of their transient, heterogeneous nature. Here, we report two distinct misfolded transthyretin (TTR) oligomers formed through different oligomerization pathways. A pathogenic TTR variant with a strong aggregation propensity (L55P) was used to prepare misfolded oligomers at physiological pH. Our mechanistic studies showed that the full-length TTR initially forms small oligomers, which self-assemble into short protofibrils at later stages. Enzymatic cleavage of the CD loop was also used to induce the formation of N-terminally truncated oligomers, which was detected in ex vivo cardiac TTR aggregates extracted from the tissues of patients. Structural characterization of the oligomers using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance and circular dichroism revealed that the two TTR misfolded oligomers have distinct molecular conformations. In addition, the proteolytically cleaved TTR oligomers exhibit a higher surface hydrophobicity, suggesting the presence of distinct oligomerization pathways for TTR oligomer formation. Cytotoxicity assays also revealed that the cytotoxicity of cleaved oligomers is stronger than that of the full-length TTR oligomers, indicating that hydrophobicity might be an important property of toxic oligomers. These comparative biophysical analyses suggest that the toxic cleaved TTR oligomers formed through a different misfoling pathway may adopt distinct structural features that produce higher surface hydrophobicity, leading to the stronger cytotoxic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anvesh K. R. Dasari
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Sujung Yi
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Matthew F. Coats
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Sungsool Wi
- Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance (CIMAR), National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), 1800 East, Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Kwang Hun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
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Cryo-EM structure of an ATTRwt amyloid fibril from systemic non-hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6398. [PMID: 36302762 PMCID: PMC9613903 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33591-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild type transthyretin-derived amyloid (ATTRwt) is the major component of non-hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis. Its accumulation in the heart of elderly patients is life threatening. A variety of genetic variants of transthyretin can lead to hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis, which shows different clinical symptoms, like age of onset and pattern of organ involvement. However, in the case of non-hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis ATTRwt fibril deposits are located primarily in heart tissue. In this structural study we analyzed ATTRwt amyloid fibrils from the heart of a patient with non-hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis. We present a 2.78 Å reconstructed density map of these ATTRwt fibrils using cryo electron microscopy and compare it with previously published V30M variants of ATTR fibrils extracted from heart and eye of different patients. All structures show a remarkably similar spearhead like shape in their cross section, formed by the same N- and C-terminal fragments of transthyretin with some minor differences. This demonstrates common features for ATTR fibrils despite differences in mutations and patients.
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Wang S, Peng W, Pang M, Mao L, Peng D, Yu B, Wu S, Hu D, Yang Y, He J, Ouyang M. Clinical Profile and Prognosis of Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy: A Single-Center Study in South China. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:900313. [PMID: 35833187 PMCID: PMC9271707 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.900313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hereditary transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is a genotypically heterogeneous disorder with a poor prognosis. There is limited literature describing the variants responsible for ATTRv in areas outside the United State, the United Kingdom and Europe. This study was performed to describe the clinical characteristics and genotypic profiles of this disease in South China. Methods This was a single-center retrospective study that evaluated 29 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of hereditary transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy enrolled from January 2016 to November 2021. Results 93.1% patients were male and the median age of symptom onset was 53 (46, 62.5) years old. The initial manifestations of ATTR-CM were cardiovascular symptoms (55.2%), neuropathy (41.4%) and vitreous opacity (3.4%). Phenotypes at diagnosis were mixed (82.8%), predominant cardiac (6.9%), neurological (6.9%) and ophthalmic (3.4%). Poor R-wave progression (41%), pseudo-infarct (31%) and low-voltage (31%) patterns were common findings on electrocardiogram. Unexplained increased wall thickness was observed in all 29 patients, with mean septal and posterior wall thicknesses of 14.25 ± 6.26 mm and 15.34 ± 2.84 mm, respectively. Diastolic dysfunction was also seen in all 29 patients, and 17 (58%) had a restrictive fill pattern at diagnosis. Nine different missense mutations of the TTR gene were found in 29 patients from 23 families, with c.349G>T (p.Ala117Ser) the most common mutation. The median survival time after diagnosis was 47.6 (95% CI 37.9-57.4) months, with 1, 3 and 5-year survival rates of 91.2%, 74% and 38% respectively. Patients with advanced heart failure (National Amyloidosis Staging stage II/III) had worse survival than stage I [Breslow (Generalized Wilcoxon), χ2 = 4.693, P = 0.03)]. Conclusions ATTR amyloidosis genotypes and phenotypes are highly heterogeneous. Advanced heart failure predicts a poor prognosis. Understanding the different clinical profiles of ATTR cardiac amyloidosis with different genotype is important to its early recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenke Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Pang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Mao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Daoquan Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bilian Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Die Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia He
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingqi Ouyang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Lee K, Kuczera K. Modulation of human transthyretin stability by the mutations at histidine 88 studied by free energy simulation. Proteins 2022; 90:1825-1836. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.26353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung‐Hoon Lee
- Department of Biology Chowan University Murfreesboro North Carolina USA
| | - Krzysztof Kuczera
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Molecular Biosciences University of Kansas Lawrence Kansas USA
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11
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Yamaguchi H, Kawahara H, Kodera N, Kumaki A, Tada Y, Tang Z, Sakai K, Ono K, Yamada M, Hanayama R. Extracellular Vesicles Contribute to the Metabolism of Transthyretin Amyloid in Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:839917. [PMID: 35402512 PMCID: PMC8983912 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.839917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary (variant) transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv amyloidosis), which is caused by variants in the transthyretin (TTR) gene, leads to TTR amyloid deposits in multiple organs and various symptoms such as limb ataxia, muscle weakness, and cardiac failure. Interaction between amyloid proteins and extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are secreted by various cells, is known to promote the clearance of the proteins, but it is unclear whether EVs are involved in the formation and deposition of TTR amyloid in ATTRv amyloidosis. To clarify the relationship between ATTRv amyloidosis and EVs, serum-derived EVs were analyzed. In this study, we showed that cell-derived EVs are involved in the formation of TTR amyloid deposits on the membrane of small EVs, as well as the deposition of TTR amyloid in cells. Human serum-derived small EVs also altered the degree of aggregation and deposition of TTR. Furthermore, the amount of TTR aggregates in serum-derived small EVs in patients with ATTRv amyloidosis was lower than that in healthy controls. These results indicate that EVs contribute to the metabolism of TTR amyloid, and suggest that TTR in serum-derived small EVs is a potential target for future ATTRv amyloidosis diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yamaguchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hironori Kawahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hironori Kawahara, ; Rikinari Hanayama,
| | - Noriyuki Kodera
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ayanori Kumaki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasutake Tada
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Zixin Tang
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakai
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Ono
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamada
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Neurology, Kudanzaka Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rikinari Hanayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hironori Kawahara, ; Rikinari Hanayama,
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12
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Suay-Corredera C, Alegre-Cebollada J. The mechanics of the heart: zooming in on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and cMyBP-C. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:703-746. [PMID: 35224729 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a disease characterized by cardiac muscle hypertrophy and hypercontractility, is the most frequently inherited disorder of the heart. HCM is mainly caused by variants in genes encoding proteins of the sarcomere, the basic contractile unit of cardiomyocytes. The most frequently mutated among them is MYBPC3, which encodes cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C), a key regulator of sarcomere contraction. In this review, we summarize clinical and genetic aspects of HCM and provide updated information on the function of the healthy and HCM sarcomere, as well as on emerging therapeutic options targeting sarcomere mechanical activity. Building on what is known about cMyBP-C activity, we examine different pathogenicity drivers by which MYBPC3 variants can cause disease, focussing on protein haploinsufficiency as a common pathomechanism also in nontruncating variants. Finally, we discuss recent evidence correlating altered cMyBP-C mechanical properties with HCM development.
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13
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Arghavani P, Badiei A, Ghadami SA, Habibi-Rezaei M, Moosavi-Movahedi F, Delphi L, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. Inhibiting mTTR Aggregation/Fibrillation by a Chaperone-like Hydrophobic Amino Acid-Conjugated SPION. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:1640-1654. [PMID: 35090112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c08796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) aggregation via misfolding of a mutant or wild-type protein leads to systemic or partial amyloidosis (ATTR). Here, we utilized variable biophysical assays to characterize two distinct aggregation pathways for mTTR (a synthesized monomer TTR incapable of association into a tetramer) at pH 4.3 and also pH 7.4 with agitation, referred to as mTTR aggregation and fibrillation, respectively. The findings suggest that early-stage conformational changes termed monomer activation here determine the aggregation pathway, resulting in developing either amorphous aggregates or well-organized fibrils. Less packed partially unfolded monomers consisting of more non-regular secondary structures that were rapidly produced via a mildly acidic condition form amorphous aggregates. Meanwhile, more hydrophobic and packed monomers consisting of rearranged β sheets and increased helical content developed well-organized fibrils. Conjugating superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with leucine and glutamine (L-SPIONs and G-SPIONs in order) via a trimethoxysilane linker provided the chance to study the effect of hydrophobic/hydrophilic surfaces on mTTR aggregation. The results indicated a powerful inhibitory effect of hydrophobic L-SPIONs on both mTTR aggregation and fibrillation. Monomer depletion was introduced as the governing mechanism for inhibiting mTTR aggregation, while a chaperone-like property of L-SPIONs by maintaining an mTTR native structure and adsorbing oligomers suppressed the progression of further fibril formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Arghavani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran
| | - Alireza Badiei
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Seyyed Abolghasem Ghadami
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran 1993893973, Iran
| | - Mehran Habibi-Rezaei
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | | | - Ladan Delphi
- Department of Animal Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
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14
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Vriz O, AlSergani H, Elshaer AN, Shaik A, Mushtaq AH, Lioncino M, Alamro B, Monda E, Caiazza M, Mauro C, Bossone E, Al-Hassnan ZN, Albert-Brotons D, Limongelli G. A complex unit for a complex disease: the HCM-Family Unit. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2021; 92. [PMID: 34964577 DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2021.2147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a group of heterogeneous disorders that are most commonly passed on in a heritable manner. It is a relatively rare disease around the globe, but due to increased rates of consanguinity within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, we speculate a high incidence of undiagnosed cases. The aim of this paper is to elucidate a systematic approach in dealing with HCM patients and since HCM has variable presentation, we have summarized differentials for diagnosis and how different subtypes and genes can have an impact on the clinical picture, management and prognosis. Moreover, we propose a referral multi-disciplinary team HCM-Family Unit in Saudi Arabia and an integrated role in a network between King Faisal Hospital and Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Disease Unit-Monaldi Hospital, Italy (among the 24 excellence centers of the European Reference Network (ERN) GUARD-Heart). Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Vriz
- Department of Cardiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh.
| | - Hani AlSergani
- Department of Cardiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh.
| | | | | | | | - Michele Lioncino
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Disease Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", AORN dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples.
| | - Bandar Alamro
- Department of Cardiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh.
| | - Emanuele Monda
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Disease Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", AORN dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples.
| | - Martina Caiazza
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Disease Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", AORN dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples.
| | - Ciro Mauro
- Department of Cardiology, Cardarelli Hospital, Naples.
| | | | - Zuhair N Al-Hassnan
- Cardiovascular Genetics Program and Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh.
| | - Dimpna Albert-Brotons
- Department of Cardiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh.
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Disease Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", AORN dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples.
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15
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In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of SerpinA1 on the Modulation of Transthyretin Proteolysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179488. [PMID: 34502397 PMCID: PMC8430710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) proteolysis has been recognized as a complementary mechanism contributing to transthyretin-related amyloidosis (ATTR amyloidosis). Accordingly, amyloid deposits can be composed mainly of full-length TTR or contain a mixture of both cleaved and full-length TTR, particularly in the heart. The fragmentation pattern at Lys48 suggests the involvement of a serine protease, such as plasmin. The most common TTR variant, TTR V30M, is susceptible to plasmin-mediated proteolysis, and the presence of TTR fragments facilitates TTR amyloidogenesis. Recent studies revealed that the serine protease inhibitor, SerpinA1, was differentially expressed in hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) from ATTR patients. In this work, we evaluated the effects of SerpinA1 on in vitro and in vivo modulation of TTR V30M proteolysis, aggregation, and deposition. We found that plasmin-mediated TTR proteolysis and aggregation are partially inhibited by SerpinA1. Furthermore, in vivo downregulation of SerpinA1 increased TTR levels in mice plasma and deposition in the cardiac tissue of older animals. The presence of TTR fragments was observed in the heart of young and old mice but not in other tissues following SerpinA1 knockdown. Increased proteolytic activity, particularly plasmin activity, was detected in mice plasmas. Overall, our results indicate that SerpinA1 modulates TTR proteolysis and aggregation in vitro and in vivo.
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16
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Smith A, Balmforth D, Treibel TA, Lall K, Oo A, Ambekar S. Cardiac amyloidosis in non-transplant cardiac surgery. J Card Surg 2021; 36:2901-2910. [PMID: 33993535 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.15629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac amyloidosis is a rare infiltrative cardiomyopathy that portends a poor prognosis. There is a growing recognition of co-existent aortic valve stenosis and transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis, with some studies suggesting that dual pathology may be associated increased risk of complication and mortality during surgical intervention. This review aims to evaluate the available literature on non-transplant cardiac surgical interventions in patients with cardiac amyloidosis, with particular focus on diagnosis, high surgical risk and areas of uncertainty that require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Smith
- The Department of Cardiac Surgery, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK.,Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - D Balmforth
- The Department of Cardiac Surgery, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - T A Treibel
- The Department of Cardiac Surgery, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK.,Institute for Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kulvinder Lall
- The Department of Cardiac Surgery, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Aung Oo
- The Department of Cardiac Surgery, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Shirish Ambekar
- The Department of Cardiac Surgery, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
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17
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Bezerra F, Saraiva MJ, Almeida MR. Modulation of the Mechanisms Driving Transthyretin Amyloidosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:592644. [PMID: 33362465 PMCID: PMC7759661 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.592644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) amyloidoses are systemic diseases associated with TTR aggregation and extracellular deposition in tissues as amyloid. The most frequent and severe forms of the disease are hereditary and associated with amino acid substitutions in the protein due to single point mutations in the TTR gene (ATTRv amyloidosis). However, the wild type TTR (TTR wt) has an intrinsic amyloidogenic potential that, in particular altered physiologic conditions and aging, leads to TTR aggregation in people over 80 years old being responsible for the non-hereditary ATTRwt amyloidosis. In normal physiologic conditions TTR wt occurs as a tetramer of identical subunits forming a central hydrophobic channel where small molecules can bind as is the case of the natural ligand thyroxine (T4). However, the TTR amyloidogenic variants present decreased stability, and in particular conditions, dissociate into partially misfolded monomers that aggregate and polymerize as amyloid fibrils. Therefore, therapeutic strategies for these amyloidoses may target different steps in the disease process such as decrease of variant TTR (TTRv) in plasma, stabilization of TTR, inhibition of TTR aggregation and polymerization or disruption of the preformed fibrils. While strategies aiming decrease of the mutated TTR involve mainly genetic approaches, either by liver transplant or the more recent technologies using specific oligonucleotides or silencing RNA, the other steps of the amyloidogenic cascade might be impaired by pharmacologic compounds, namely, TTR stabilizers, inhibitors of aggregation and amyloid disruptors. Modulation of different steps involved in the mechanism of ATTR amyloidosis and compounds proposed as pharmacologic agents to treat TTR amyloidosis will be reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Bezerra
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Molecular Biology, ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Saraiva
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Molecular Biology, ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Rosário Almeida
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Molecular Biology, ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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18
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Jiang L, Mu H, Xu F, Xie D, Su W, Xu J, Sun Z, Liu S, Luo J, Shi Y, Leak RK, Wechsler LR, Chen J, Hu X. Transcriptomic and functional studies reveal undermined chemotactic and angiostimulatory properties of aged microglia during stroke recovery. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:S81-S97. [PMID: 32065074 PMCID: PMC7687033 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20902542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Age-dependent alterations in microglia behavior have been implicated in neurodegeneration and CNS injuries. Here, we compared the transcriptional profiles of young versus aged microglia during stroke recovery. CD45intermediateCD11b+ microglia were FACS-isolated from the brains of young (10-week-old) and aged (18-month-old) male mice with sham operation or 14 days after distal middle cerebral artery occlusion and subjected to RNA-sequencing analysis. Functional groups enriched in young microglia are indicative of upregulation in cell movement, cell interactions, inflammatory responses and angiogenesis, while aged microglia exhibited a reduction or no change in these features. We confirmed reduced chemoattractive capacities of aged microglia toward ischemic brain tissue in organotypic slide co-cultures, and delayed accumulation of aged microglia around dead neurons injected into the striatum in vivo. In addition, aging is associated with an overall failure to increase the expression of microglial genes involved in cell-cell interactions, such as CXCL10. Finally, impaired upregulation of pro-angiogenic genes in aged microglia was associated with a decline in neovascularization in aged mice compared to young mice after distal middle cerebral artery occlusion. This study provides a new resource to understand the mechanisms underlying microglial alterations in the aged brain milieu and sheds light on new strategies to improve microglial functions in aged stroke victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hongfeng Mu
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Di Xie
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zeyu Sun
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Silvia Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jianhua Luo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yejie Shi
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lawrence R Wechsler
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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19
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Dasari AKR, Arreola J, Michael B, Griffin RG, Kelly JW, Lim KH. Disruption of the CD Loop by Enzymatic Cleavage Promotes the Formation of Toxic Transthyretin Oligomers through a Common Transthyretin Misfolding Pathway. Biochemistry 2020; 59:2319-2327. [PMID: 32500705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid formation of full-length TTR involves dissociation of the native tetramers into misfolded monomers that self-assemble into amyloid. In addition to the full-length TTR, C-terminal fragments including residues 49-127 were also observed in vivo, implying the presence of additional misfolding pathways. It was previously proposed that a proteolytic cleavage might lead to the formation of the C-terminal fragment TTR amyloid. Here, we report mechanistic studies of misfolding and aggregation of a TTR variant (G53A) in the absence and presence of a serine protease. A proteolytic cleavage of G53A in the CD loop (K48 and T49) with agitation promoted TTR misfolding and aggregation, suggesting that the proteolytic cleavage may lead to the aggregation of the C-terminal fragment (residues 49-127). To gain more detailed insights into TTR misfolding promoted by proteolytic cleavage, we investigated structural changes in G53A TTR in the presence and absence of trypsin. Our combined biophysical analyses revealed that the proteolytic cleavage accelerated the formation of spherical small oligomers, which exhibited cytotoxic activities. However, the truncated TTR appeared to maintain native-like structures, rather than the C-terminal fragment (residues 49-127) being released and unfolded from the native state. In addition, our solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared structural studies showed that the two aggregates derived from the full-length and cleaved TTR exhibited nearly identical molecular structural features, suggesting that the proteolytic cleavage in the CD loop destabilizes the native tetrameric structure and accelerates oligomer formation through a common TTR misfolding and aggregation mechanism rather than through a distinct molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anvesh K R Dasari
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, United States
| | - Jenette Arreola
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, United States
| | - Brian Michael
- Department of Chemistry and Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Robert G Griffin
- Department of Chemistry and Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffery W Kelly
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Kwang Hun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, United States
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20
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Dasari AKR, Hung I, Michael B, Gan Z, Kelly JW, Connors LH, Griffin RG, Lim KH. Structural Characterization of Cardiac Ex Vivo Transthyretin Amyloid: Insight into the Transthyretin Misfolding Pathway In Vivo. Biochemistry 2020; 59:1800-1803. [PMID: 32338497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Structural characterization of misfolded protein aggregates is essential to understanding the molecular mechanism of protein aggregation associated with various protein misfolding disorders. Here, we report structural analyses of ex vivo transthyretin aggregates extracted from human cardiac tissue. Comparative structural analyses of in vitro and ex vivo transthyretin aggregates using various biophysical techniques revealed that cardiac transthyretin amyloid has structural features similar to those of in vitro transthyretin amyloid. Our solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance studies showed that in vitro amyloid contains extensive nativelike β-sheet structures, while other loop regions including helical structures are disrupted in the amyloid state. These results suggest that transthyretin undergoes a common misfolding and aggregation transition to nativelike aggregation-prone monomers that self-assemble into amyloid precipitates in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anvesh K R Dasari
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, United States
| | - Ivan Hung
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance (CIMAR), National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Brian Michael
- Department of Chemistry, Massachuseets Institute of Technology, NW14-3220, 170 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4703, United States
| | - Zhehong Gan
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance (CIMAR), National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Jeffery W Kelly
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Lawreen H Connors
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Robert G Griffin
- Department of Chemistry, Massachuseets Institute of Technology, NW14-3220, 170 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4703, United States
| | - Kwang Hun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, United States
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21
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Mazzarotto F, Olivotto I, Boschi B, Girolami F, Poggesi C, Barton PJR, Walsh R. Contemporary Insights Into the Genetics of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Toward a New Era in Clinical Testing? J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e015473. [PMID: 32306808 PMCID: PMC7428545 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.015473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Genetic testing for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an established clinical technique, supported by 30 years of research into its genetic etiology. Although pathogenic variants are often detected in patients and used to identify at-risk relatives, the effectiveness of genetic testing has been hampered by ambiguous genetic associations (yielding uncertain and potentially false-positive results), difficulties in classifying variants, and uncertainty about genotype-negative patients. Recent case-control studies on rare variation, improved data sharing, and meta-analysis of case cohorts contributed to new insights into the genetic basis of HCM. In particular, although research into new genes and mechanisms remains essential, reassessment of Mendelian genetic associations in HCM argues that current clinical genetic testing should be limited to a small number of validated disease genes that yield informative and interpretable results. Accurate and consistent variant interpretation has benefited from new standardized variant interpretation guidelines and innovative approaches to improve classification. Most cases lacking a pathogenic variant are now believed to indicate non-Mendelian HCM, with more benign prognosis and minimal risk to relatives. Here, we discuss recent advances in the genetics of HCM and their application to clinical genetic testing together with practical issues regarding implementation. Although this review focuses on HCM, many of the issues discussed are also relevant to other inherited cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mazzarotto
- Cardiomyopathy UnitCareggi University HospitalFlorenceItaly
- Cardiovascular Research CenterRoyal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of FlorenceItaly
| | - Iacopo Olivotto
- Cardiomyopathy UnitCareggi University HospitalFlorenceItaly
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of FlorenceItaly
| | - Beatrice Boschi
- Cardiomyopathy UnitCareggi University HospitalFlorenceItaly
- Genetic UnitCareggi University HospitalFlorenceItaly
| | - Francesca Girolami
- Cardiomyopathy UnitCareggi University HospitalFlorenceItaly
- Department of Paediatric CardiologyMeyer Children's HospitalFlorenceItaly
| | - Corrado Poggesi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of FlorenceItaly
| | - Paul J. R. Barton
- Cardiovascular Research CenterRoyal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Roddy Walsh
- Department of Clinical and Experimental CardiologyHeart CenterAcademic Medical CenterAmsterdamthe Netherlands
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22
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Hamers T, Kortenkamp A, Scholze M, Molenaar D, Cenijn PH, Weiss JM. Transthyretin-Binding Activity of Complex Mixtures Representing the Composition of Thyroid-Hormone Disrupting Contaminants in House Dust and Human Serum. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:17015. [PMID: 32003587 PMCID: PMC7015555 DOI: 10.1289/ehp5911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND House dust contains many organic contaminants that can compete with the thyroid hormone (TH) thyroxine (T 4 ) for binding to transthyretin (TTR). How these contaminants work together at levels found in humans and how displacement from TTR in vitro relates to in vivo T 4 -TTR binding is unknown. OBJECTIVES Our aims were to determine the TTR-binding potency for contaminant mixtures as found in house dust, maternal serum, and infant serum; to study whether the TTR-binding potency of the mixtures follows the principle of concentration addition; and to extrapolate the in vitro TTR-binding potency to in vivo inhibition levels of T 4 -TTR binding in maternal and infant serum. METHODS Twenty-five contaminants were tested for their in vitro capacity to compete for TTR-binding with a fluorescent FITC-T 4 probe. Three mixtures were reconstituted proportionally to median concentrations for these chemicals in house dust, maternal serum, or infant serum from Nordic countries. Measured concentration-response curves were compared with concentration-response curves predicted by concentration addition. For each reconstituted serum mixture, its inhibitor-TTR dissociation constant (K i ) was used to estimate inhibition levels of T 4 -TTR binding in human blood. RESULTS The TTR-binding potency of the mixtures was well predicted by concentration addition. The ∼ 20 % inhibition in FITC-T 4 binding observed for the mixtures reflecting median concentrations in maternal and infant serum was extrapolated to 1.3% inhibition of T 4 -TTR binding in maternal and 1.5% in infant blood. For nontested mixtures reflecting high-end serum concentrations, these estimates were 6.2% and 4.9%, respectively. DISCUSSION The relatively low estimated inhibition levels at median exposure levels may explain why no relationship between exposure to TTR-binding compounds and circulating T 4 levels in humans has been reported, so far. We hypothesize, however, that 1.3% inhibition of T 4 -TTR binding may ultimately be decisive for reaching a status of maternal hypothyroidism or hypothyroxinemia associated with impaired neurodevelopment in children. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5911.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Hamers
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andreas Kortenkamp
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University, London, UK
| | - Martin Scholze
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University, London, UK
| | - Douwe Molenaar
- Department of Systems Bioinformatics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter H. Cenijn
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jana M. Weiss
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Prognostic impact of light-chain and transthyretin-related categories in cardiac amyloidosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hellenic J Cardiol 2019; 60:375-383. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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24
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Childers MC, Daggett V. Drivers of α-Sheet Formation in Transthyretin under Amyloidogenic Conditions. Biochemistry 2019; 58:4408-4423. [PMID: 31609590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid diseases make up a set of fatal disorders in which proteins aggregate to form fibrils that deposit in tissues throughout the body. Amyloid-associated diseases are challenging to study because amyloid formation occurs on time scales that span several orders of magnitude and involve heterogeneous, interconverting protein conformations. The development of more effective technologies to diagnose and treat amyloid disease requires both a map of the conformations sampled during amyloidogenesis and an understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive this process. In prior molecular dynamics simulations of amyloid proteins, we observed the formation of a nonstandard type of secondary structure, called α-sheet, that we proposed is associated with the pathogenic conformers in amyloid disease, the soluble oligomers. However, the detailed molecular interactions that drive the conversion to α-sheet remain elusive. Here we use molecular dynamics simulations to interrogate a critical event in transthyretin aggregation, the formation of aggregation-competent, monomeric species. We show that conformational changes in one of the two β-sheets in transthyretin enable solvent molecules and polar side chains to form electrostatic interactions with main-chain peptide groups to facilitate and modulate conversion to α-sheet secondary structure. Our results shed light on the early conformational changes that drive transthyretin toward the α-sheet structure associated with toxicity. Delineation of the molecular events that lead to aggregation at atomic resolution can aid strategies to target the early, critical toxic soluble oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Carter Childers
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195-5013 , United States
| | - Valerie Daggett
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195-5013 , United States
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25
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Hinderhofer K, Obermaier C, Hegenbart U, Schönland S, Seidler M, Sommer-Ort I, Barth U. New sequence variants in patients affected by amyloidosis show transthyretin instability by isoelectric focusing. Amyloid 2019; 26:85-93. [PMID: 31074293 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2019.1598358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The plasma protein transthyretin (TTR) can aggregate into insoluble amyloid fibrils causing systemic amyloidosis (ATTR amyloidosis) in patients carrying a variant TTR protein. If new variants arise, it is crucial to clarify whether they are disease-associated or benign. In this study, we further functionally characterize three new and unclassified TTR variants (Thr40Asn, Phe64Val and the described but not functionally assessed variant Leu12Val), using a simplified, fast isoelectric focusing (IEF) approach. After validating the system with known TTR variants, we assessed the sera of five patients carrying these new TTR variants in a heterozygous state. All three variants showed aberrant banding patterns that were similar to those of other well-characterized TTR variants, including the common Val30Met variant that causes ATTR amyloidosis. In addition to a clear band corresponding to monomeric wild-type TTR, we observed an additional variant band at the cathodal side of the IEF gel. These results indicate conformational instability of the new Thr40Asn, Phe64Val and Leu12Val variants. Together with the clinical and immunohistological data of these patients and affected family members, as well as the absence of these variants in human genetic mutation databases, our results strongly hint that these variants are amyloidogenic and therefore probably disease-associated. These findings have implications for patient therapy and for genetic counselling of family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Hinderhofer
- a Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg , Germany
| | | | - Ute Hegenbart
- c Department of Medicine V (Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology), Amyloidosis Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Stefan Schönland
- c Department of Medicine V (Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology), Amyloidosis Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Marc Seidler
- b SERVA Electrophoresis GmbH , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Iris Sommer-Ort
- a Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Ulrike Barth
- a Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg , Germany
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26
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Gomes JR, Sárkány Z, Teixeira A, Nogueira R, Cabrito I, Soares H, Wittelsberger A, Stortelers C, Macedo-Ribeiro S, Vanlandschoot P, Saraiva MJ. Anti-TTR Nanobodies Allow the Identification of TTR Neuritogenic Epitope Associated with TTR-Megalin Neurotrophic Activities. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:704-715. [PMID: 30346709 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) has intrinsic neurotrophic physiological activities independent from its thyroxine ligands, which involve activation of signaling pathways through interaction with megalin. Still, the megalin binding motif on TTR is unknown. Nanobodies (Nb) have the ability to bind "hard to reach" epitopes being useful tools for protein/structure function. In this work, we characterize two anti-TTR Nanobodies, with similar mouse TTR binding affinities, although only one is able to block its neuritogenic activity (169F7_Nb). Through epitope mapping, we identified amino acids 14-18, at the entrance of the TTR central channel, to be important for interaction with megalin, and a stable TTR K15N mutant in that region was constructed. The TTR K15N mutant lacks neuritogenic activity, indicating that K15 is critical for TTR neuritogenic activity. Thus, we identify the putative binding site for megalin and describe two Nanobodies that will allow research and clarification of TTR physiological properties, regarding its neurotrophic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- João R. Gomes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- Molecular Neurobiology, IBMC- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Zsuzsa Sárkány
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- Biomolecular Structure & Function, IBMC- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Anabela Teixeira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- Molecular Neurobiology, IBMC- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Renata Nogueira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- Molecular Neurobiology, IBMC- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | - Sandra Macedo-Ribeiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- Biomolecular Structure & Function, IBMC- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | | | - Maria J. Saraiva
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- Molecular Neurobiology, IBMC- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
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27
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Dasari AKR, Hughes RM, Wi S, Hung I, Gan Z, Kelly JW, Lim KH. Transthyretin Aggregation Pathway toward the Formation of Distinct Cytotoxic Oligomers. Sci Rep 2019; 9:33. [PMID: 30631096 PMCID: PMC6328637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37230-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterization of small oligomers formed at an early stage of amyloid formation is critical to understanding molecular mechanism of pathogenic aggregation process. Here we identified and characterized cytotoxic oligomeric intermediates populated during transthyretin (TTR) aggregation process. Under the amyloid-forming conditions, TTR initially forms a dimer through interactions between outer strands. The dimers are then associated to form a hexamer with a spherical shape, which serves as a building block to self-assemble into cytotoxic oligomers. Notably, wild-type (WT) TTR tends to form linear oligomers, while a TTR variant (G53A) prefers forming annular oligomers with pore-like structures. Structural analyses of the amyloidogenic intermediates using circular dichroism (CD) and solid-state NMR reveal that the dimer and oligomers have a significant degree of native-like β-sheet structures (35–38%), but with more disordered regions (~60%) than those of native TTR. The TTR variant oligomers are also less structured than WT oligomers. The partially folded nature of the oligomeric intermediates might be a common structural property of cytotoxic oligomers. The higher flexibility of the dimer and oligomers may also compensate for the entropic loss due to the oligomerization of the monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anvesh K R Dasari
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Robert M Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Sungsool Wi
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance (CIMAR), National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), 1800 East, Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Ivan Hung
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance (CIMAR), National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), 1800 East, Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Zhehong Gan
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance (CIMAR), National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), 1800 East, Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Kelly
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Kwang Hun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA.
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28
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Zhao Y, Xin Y, Song Z, He Z, Hu W. Tafamidis, a Noninvasive Therapy for Delaying Transthyretin Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Neurol 2019; 15:108-115. [PMID: 30618225 PMCID: PMC6325356 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2019.15.1.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Tafamidis functions to delay the loss of function in transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy (TTR-FAP), which is a rare inherited amyloidosis with progressive sensorimotor and autonomic polyneuropathy. This systematic literature review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of tafamidis in TTR-FAP patients, with the aim of improving the evidence-based medical evidence of this treatment option for TTP-FAP. Methods A systematic search of the English-language literature in five databases was performed through to May 31, 2018 by two reviewers who independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. We extracted efficacy and safety outcomes and performed a meta-analysis. Statistical tests were performed to check for heterogeneity and publication bias. Results The meta-analysis identified six relevant studies. The tafamidis group showed smaller changes from baseline in the Neuropathy Impairment Score–Lower Limbs [mean difference (MD)=−3.01, 95% confidence interval (CI)=−3.26 to −2.75, p<0.001] and the Norfolk Quality of Life-Diabetic Neuropathy total quality of life score (MD=−6.67, 95% CI=−9.70 to −3.64, p<0.001), and a higher modified body mass index (MD=72.45, 95% CI=69.41 to 75.49, p<0.001), with no significant difference in total adverse events [odds ratio (OR)=0.69, 95% CI=0.35 to 1.35, p=0.27]. The incidence of adverse events did not differ between tafamidis and placebo treatment except for fatigue (OR=0.13, 95% CI=0.02 to 0.72, p=0.02) and hypesthesia (OR=0.16, 95% CI=0.03 to 0.92, p=0.04). Conclusions This systematic review and meta-analysis has demonstrated that tafamidis delays neurologic progression and preserves a better nutritional status and the quality of life. The rates of adverse events did not differ between the patients in the tafamidis and placebo groups. Tafamidis might be a safer noninvasive option for patients with TTR-FAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanguo Xin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhuyin Song
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhiyi He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenyu Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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29
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Dasari AKR, Hung I, Gan Z, Lim KH. Two distinct aggregation pathways in transthyretin misfolding and amyloid formation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2018; 1867:344-349. [PMID: 30366153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Misfolding and amyloid formation of transthyretin (TTR) is implicated in numerous degenerative diseases. TTR misfolding is greatly accelerated under acidic conditions, and thus most of the mechanistic studies of TTR amyloid formation have been conducted at various acidic pH values (2-5). In this study, we report the effect of pH on TTR misfolding pathways and amyloid structures. Our combined solution and solid-state NMR studies revealed that TTR amyloid formation can proceed via at least two distinct misfolding pathways depending on the acidic conditions. Under mildly acidic conditions (pH 4.4), tetrameric native TTR appears to dissociate to monomers that maintain most of the native-like β-sheet structures. The amyloidogenic protein undergoes a conformational transition to largely unfolded states at more acidic conditions (pH 2.4), leading to amyloid with distinct molecular structures. Aggregation kinetics is also highly dependent upon the acidic conditions. TTR quickly forms moderately ordered amyloids at pH 4.4, while the aggregation kinetics is dramatically reduced at a lower pH of 2.4. The effect of the pathogenic mutations on aggregation kinetics is also markedly different under the two different acidic conditions. Pathogenic TTR variants (V30M and L55P) aggregate more aggressively than WT TTR at pH 4.4. In contrast, the single-point mutations do not affect the aggregation kinetics at the more acidic condition of pH 2.4. Given that the pathogenic mutations lead to more aggressive forms of TTR amyloidoses, the mildly acidic condition might be more suitable for mechanistic studies of TTR misfolding and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anvesh K R Dasari
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Ivan Hung
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance (CIMAR), National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), 1800 East, Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Zhehong Gan
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance (CIMAR), National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), 1800 East, Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Kwang Hun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
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30
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Madhivanan K, Greiner ER, Alves-Ferreira M, Soriano-Castell D, Rouzbeh N, Aguirre CA, Paulsson JF, Chapman J, Jiang X, Ooi FK, Lemos C, Dillin A, Prahlad V, Kelly JW, Encalada SE. Cellular clearance of circulating transthyretin decreases cell-nonautonomous proteotoxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E7710-E7719. [PMID: 30061394 PMCID: PMC6099907 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1801117115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-autonomous and cell-nonautonomous mechanisms of neurodegeneration appear to occur in the proteinopathies, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. However, how neuronal toxicity is generated from misfolding-prone proteins secreted by nonneuronal tissues and whether modulating protein aggregate levels at distal locales affects the degeneration of postmitotic neurons remains unknown. We generated and characterized animal models of the transthyretin (TTR) amyloidoses that faithfully recapitulate cell-nonautonomous neuronal proteotoxicity by expressing human TTR in the Caenorhabditis elegans muscle. We identified sensory neurons with affected morphological and behavioral nociception-sensing impairments. Nonnative TTR oligomer load and neurotoxicity increased following inhibition of TTR degradation in distal macrophage-like nonaffected cells. Moreover, reducing TTR levels by RNAi or by kinetically stabilizing natively folded TTR pharmacologically decreased TTR aggregate load and attenuated neuronal dysfunction. These findings reveal a critical role for in trans modulation of aggregation-prone degradation that directly affects postmitotic tissue degeneration observed in the proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayalvizhi Madhivanan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Erin R Greiner
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Miguel Alves-Ferreira
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150-171 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4150-171 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4150-171 Porto, Portugal
| | - David Soriano-Castell
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Nirvan Rouzbeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Carlos A Aguirre
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Johan F Paulsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | | | - Xin Jiang
- Misfolding Diagnostics, San Diego, CA 92121
| | - Felicia K Ooi
- Department of Biology, Aging Mind and Brain Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Carolina Lemos
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150-171 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4150-171 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4150-171 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andrew Dillin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Veena Prahlad
- Department of Biology, Aging Mind and Brain Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Jeffery W Kelly
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Sandra E Encalada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037;
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
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31
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P. Katare D, Malik S, J. Mani R, Ranjpour M, Jain SK. Novel mutations in transthyretin gene associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2017; 57:70-77. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepshikha P. Katare
- Proteomics and Translational Research Lab; Centre for Medical Biotechnology; Amity Institute of Biotechnology; Amity University; Noida Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Shabnam Malik
- Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences; Department of Biotechnology; Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research; Hamdard University; New Delhi India
| | - Ruchi J. Mani
- Proteomics and Translational Research Lab; Centre for Medical Biotechnology; Amity Institute of Biotechnology; Amity University; Noida Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Maryam Ranjpour
- Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences; Department of Biotechnology; Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research; Hamdard University; New Delhi India
| | - Swatantra K. Jain
- Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences; Department of Biotechnology; Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research; Hamdard University; New Delhi India
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research; Hamdard University; New Delhi India
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32
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Lim KH, Dasari AKR, Ma R, Hung I, Gan Z, Kelly JW, Fitzgerald MC. Pathogenic Mutations Induce Partial Structural Changes in the Native β-Sheet Structure of Transthyretin and Accelerate Aggregation. Biochemistry 2017; 56:4808-4818. [PMID: 28820582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid formation of natively folded proteins involves global and/or local unfolding of the native state to form aggregation-prone intermediates. Here we report solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structural studies of amyloid derived from wild-type (WT) and more aggressive mutant forms of transthyretin (TTR) to investigate the structural changes associated with effective TTR aggregation. We employed selective 13C labeling schemes to investigate structural features of β-structured core regions in amyloid states of WT and two mutant forms (V30M and L55P) of TTR. Analyses of the 13C-13C correlation solid-state NMR spectra revealed that WT TTR aggregates contain an amyloid core consisting of nativelike CBEF and DAGH β-sheet structures, and the mutant TTR amyloids adopt a similar amyloid core structure with nativelike CBEF and AGH β-structures. However, the V30M mutant amyloid was shown to have a different DA β-structure. In addition, strand D is more disordered even in the native state of L55P TTR, indicating that the pathogenic mutations affect the DA β-structure, leading to more effective amyloid formation. The NMR results are consistent with our mass spectrometry-based thermodynamic analyses that showed the amyloidogenic precursor states of WT and mutant TTRs adopt folded structures but the mutant precursor states are less stable than that of WT TTR. Analyses of the oxidation rate of the methionine side chain also revealed that the side chain of residue Met-30 pointing between strands D and A is not protected from oxidation in the V30M mutant, while protected in the native state, supporting the possibility that the DA β-structure might be disrupted in the V30M mutant amyloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Hun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University , Greenville, North Carolina 27858, United States
| | - Anvesh K R Dasari
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University , Greenville, North Carolina 27858, United States
| | - Renze Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University , 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States
| | - Ivan Hung
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance (CIMAR), National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) , 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Zhehong Gan
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance (CIMAR), National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) , 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Jeffery W Kelly
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Michael C Fitzgerald
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University , 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States
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Lee KR, Jeong JW, Hyun HC, Jang E, Ahn S, Choi S, Joo SH, Kim S, Koo TS. Pharmacokinetics of tafamidis, a transthyretin amyloidosis drug, in rats. Xenobiotica 2017; 48:831-838. [PMID: 28803538 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2017.1366575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
1. We characterized the pharmacokinetics of tafamidis, a novel drug to treat transthyretin-related amyloidosis, in rats after intravenous and oral administration at doses of 0.3-3 mg/kg. In vitro Caco-2 cell permeability and liver microsomal stability, as well as in vivo tissue distribution and plasma protein binding were also examined. 2. After intravenous injection, systemic clearance (CL), volumes of distribution at steady state (Vss) and half-life (T½) remained unaltered as a function of dose, with values in the ranges of 6.41-7.03 mL/h/kg, 270-354 mL/kg and 39.5-46.9 h, respectively. Following oral administration, absolute bioavailability was 99.7-104% and was independent of doses from 0.3 to 3 mg/kg. In the urine and faeces, 4.36% and 48.9% of tafamidis, respectively, were recovered. 3. Tafamidis was distributed primarily in the liver and not in the brain, kidney, testis, heart, spleen, lung, gut, muscle, or adipose tissue. Further, tafamidis was very stable in rat liver microsomes, and its plasma protein binding was 99.9%. 4. In conclusion, tafamidis showed dose-independent pharmacokinetics with intravenous and oral doses of 0.3-3 mg/kg. Tafamidis undergoes minimal first-pass metabolism, distributes mostly in the liver and plasma, and appears to be eliminated primarily via biliary excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Ryoon Lee
- a Life Science Research Institute , Daewoong Pharmaceutical , Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Jeong
- b Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University , Korea
| | - Hun-Chan Hyun
- b Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University , Korea
| | - Eunseo Jang
- c Bio & Drug Discovery Division , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Korea , and
| | - Sunjoo Ahn
- c Bio & Drug Discovery Division , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Korea , and
| | - Sungwook Choi
- b Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University , Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Joo
- d College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu , Korea
| | - Sungsub Kim
- b Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University , Korea
| | - Tae-Sung Koo
- b Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University , Korea
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Yokoyama T, Hanawa Y, Obita T, Mizuguchi M. Stability and crystal structures of His88 mutant human transthyretins. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:1862-1871. [PMID: 28563699 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Destabilization of human transthyretin (TTR) has been implicated in its misfolding and aggregation. A previous study on the neutron crystal structure of TTR suggested that a large hydrogen bond network around H88 which includes water molecules is significantly involved in the stability of wild-type TTR (WT-TTR). Here, we demonstrate that the H88R mutant associated with amyloid cardiomyopathy is substantially destabilized compared with WT-TTR. In order to clarify the role of H88 and the hydrogen bond network in the stability of TTR, we determined the thermodynamic stability and the crystal structure of H88 mutants (H88A, H88F, H88Y, and H88S). Our results suggest that in some cases TTR is destabilized due to alterations in bound water molecules as well as structural changes in TTR itself.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuma Hanawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Obita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Japan
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Klaassen SHC, Lemmink HH, Bijzet J, Glaudemans AWJM, Bos R, Plattel W, van den Berg MP, Slart RHJA, Nienhuis HLA, van Veldhuisen DJ, Hazenberg BPC. Late onset cardiomyopathy as presenting sign of ATTR A45G amyloidosis caused by a novel TTR mutation (p.A65G). Cardiovasc Pathol 2017; 29:19-22. [PMID: 28460244 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The clinical description of a novel TTR gene mutation characterized by a late onset amyloid cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS A 78-year-old man of Dutch origin with recent surgery for bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) was admitted to our hospital because of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (55%). Cardiac ultrasound showed thickened biventricular walls, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging also showed late gadolinium enhancement. Early signs of a polyneuropathy were found by neurophysiological testing. A few months later, his 72-year-old sister was admitted to an affiliated hospital because of heart failure caused by a restrictive cardiomyopathy. In both patients, a subcutaneous abdominal fat aspirate was stained with Congo red and DNA was analyzed by direct sequencing of exons 1 to 4 of the transthyretin (TTR) gene. Both fat aspirates revealed transthyretin-derived (ATTR) amyloid. 99mTc-diphosphonate scintigraphy further confirmed cardiac ATTR amyloidosis in the male patient. DNA analysis of both patients showed a novel TTR mutation c.194C>G that encodes for the gene product TTR (p.A65G) ending up as the mature protein TTR A45G. The 56-year-old daughter of the male patient had the same TTR mutation. A full diagnostic workup did not reveal any signs of amyloidosis yet. CONCLUSIONS A novel amyloidogenic TTR mutation was found in a Dutch family. The clinical presentation of ATTR A45G amyloidosis in the affected family members was heart failure due to a late-onset cardiomyopathy. The systemic nature of this disease was reflected by bilateral CTS and by early signs of a polyneuropathy in the index patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan H C Klaassen
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Henny H Lemmink
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Bijzet
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andor W J M Glaudemans
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Reinhard Bos
- Department of Medical Center Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Plattel
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten P van den Berg
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Riemer H J A Slart
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Photonic Imaging, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Hans L A Nienhuis
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J van Veldhuisen
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bouke P C Hazenberg
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
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Panayiotou E, Fella E, Papacharalambous R, Malas S, Saraiva MJ, Kyriakides T. C1q ablation exacerbates amyloid deposition: A study in a transgenic mouse model of ATTRV30M amyloid neuropathy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175767. [PMID: 28407005 PMCID: PMC5391113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ATTRV30M amyloid neuropathy is a lethal autosomal dominant sensorimotor and autonomic neuropathy, caused by deposition of amyloid fibrils composed of aberrant transthyretin (TTR). Ages of onset and penetrance exhibit great variability and genetic factors have been implicated. Complement activation co-localizes with amyloid deposits in amyloidotic neuropathy and is possibly involved in the kinetics of amyloidogenesis. A candidate gene approach has recently identified C1q polymorphisms to correlate with disease onset in a Cypriot cohort of patients with ATTRV30M amyloid neuropathy. In the current study we use a double transgenic mouse model of ATTRV30M amyloid neuropathy in which C1q is ablated to elucidate further a possible modifier role for C1q. Amyloid deposition is found to be increased by 60% in the absence of C1q. Significant up regulation is also recorded in apoptotic and cellular stress markers reflecting extracellular toxicity of pre-fibrillar and fibrillar TTR. Our data further indicate that in the absence of C1q there is marked reduction of macrophages in association with amyloid deposits and thus less effective phagocytosis of TTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Panayiotou
- Clinic A, Neuropathology Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Eleni Fella
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Revekka Papacharalambous
- Clinic A, Neuropathology Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Stavros Malas
- Clinic A, Neuropathology Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Joao Saraiva
- Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde (I3S) and Neurobiologia Molecular-Instituto de Biologia Molecular (IBMC) - Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Theodoros Kyriakides
- Clinic A, Neuropathology Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
- * E-mail:
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Lim KH, Dasari AKR, Hung I, Gan Z, Kelly JW, Wright PE, Wemmer DE. Solid-State NMR Studies Reveal Native-like β-Sheet Structures in Transthyretin Amyloid. Biochemistry 2016; 55:5272-8. [PMID: 27589034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Structural characterization of amyloid rich in cross-β structures is crucial for unraveling the molecular basis of protein misfolding and amyloid formation associated with a wide range of human disorders. Elucidation of the β-sheet structure in noncrystalline amyloid has, however, remained an enormous challenge. Here we report structural analyses of the β-sheet structure in a full-length transthyretin amyloid using solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Magic-angle-spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR was employed to investigate native-like β-sheet structures in the amyloid state using selective labeling schemes for more efficient solid-state NMR studies. Analyses of extensive long-range (13)C-(13)C correlation MAS spectra obtained with selectively (13)CO- and (13)Cα-labeled TTR reveal that the two main β-structures in the native state, the CBEF and DAGH β-sheets, remain intact after amyloid formation. The tertiary structural information would be of great use for examining the quaternary structure of TTR amyloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Hun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University , Greenville, North Carolina 27858, United States
| | - Anvesh K R Dasari
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University , Greenville, North Carolina 27858, United States
| | - Ivan Hung
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance (CIMAR), National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) , 1800 East, Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Zhehong Gan
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance (CIMAR), National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) , 1800 East, Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | | | | | - David E Wemmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Rare Genetic Variants of the Transthyretin Gene Are Associated with Alzheimer's Disease in Han Chinese. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5192-5200. [PMID: 27562180 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0065-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia in the world. The neuropathological characteristics of AD patients are the accumulation of extracellular plaques of β-amyloid (Aβ) and intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Transthyretin (TTR) may alleviate AD symptom by reducing Aβ concentration in the brain. There were reports for a decreased TTR level in both AD brain and blood. However, there is still no robust evidence to support the genetic association of the TTR gene with AD. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential association of TTR variation with AD by directly sequencing the whole exons and the promoter region of the TTR gene in 529 AD patients and 334 healthy controls from Han Chinese population. We found no association between TTR common variants and AD but observed an enrichment of TTR rare variants in AD patients relative to controls. Further in silico prediction analysis and functional assessment at the cellular level identified four potentially pathogenic rare variants in AD patients. In particular, variant c.-239C>A could potentially downregulate the TTR promoter activity; c.200+4A>G might influence the constitutive splicing of TTR mRNA; c.148G>A (p.V50M) and c.332C>T (p.A111V) would change the structure of TTR and decrease its Aβ-binding ability. Our results provided direct genetic evidence to support the active involvement of TTR in AD.
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Kurian SM, Novais M, Whisenant T, Gelbart T, Buxbaum JN, Kelly JW, Coelho T, Salomon DR. Peripheral Blood Cell Gene Expression Diagnostic for Identifying Symptomatic Transthyretin Amyloidosis Patients: Male and Female Specific Signatures. Theranostics 2016; 6:1792-809. [PMID: 27570551 PMCID: PMC4997237 DOI: 10.7150/thno.14584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Early diagnosis of familial transthyretin (TTR) amyloid diseases remains challenging because of variable disease penetrance. Currently, patients must have an amyloid positive tissue biopsy to be eligible for disease-modifying therapies. Endomyocardial biopsies are typically amyloid positive when cardiomyopathy is suspected, but this disease manifestation is generally diagnosed late. Early diagnosis is often difficult because patients exhibit apparent symptoms of polyneuropathy, but have a negative amyloid biopsy. Thus, there is a pressing need for an additional early diagnostic strategy for TTR-aggregation-associated polyneuropathy and cardiomyopathy. Methods and Findings: Global peripheral blood cell mRNA expression profiles from 263 tafamidis-treated and untreated V30M Familiar Amyloid Neuropathy patients, asymptomatic V30M carriers, and healthy, age- and sex-matched controls without TTR mutations were used to differentiate symptomatic from asymptomatic patients. We demonstrate that blood cell gene expression patterns reveal sex-independent, as well as male- and female-specific inflammatory signatures in symptomatic FAP patients, but not in asymptomatic carriers. These signatures differentiated symptomatic patients from asymptomatic V30M carriers with >80% accuracy. There was a global downregulation of the eIF2 pathway and its associated genes in all symptomatic FAP patients. We also demonstrated that the molecular scores based on these signatures significantly trended toward normalized values in an independent cohort of 46 FAP patients after only 3 months of tafamidis treatment. Conclusions: This study identifies novel molecular signatures that differentiate symptomatic FAP patients from asymptomatic V30M carriers as well as affected males and females. We envision using this approach, initially in parallel with amyloid biopsies, to identify individuals who are asymptomatic gene carriers that may convert to FAP patients. Upon further validation, peripheral blood cell mRNA expression profiling could become an independent early diagnostic. This quantitative gene expression signature for symptomatic FAP could also become a biomarker to demonstrate significant disease-modifying effects of drugs and drug candidates. For example, when new disease modifiers are being evaluated in a FAP clinical trial, such surrogate biomarkers have the potential to provide an objective, quantitative and mechanistic molecular diagnostic of disease response to therapy.
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Coelho T, Merlini G, Bulawa CE, Fleming JA, Judge DP, Kelly JW, Maurer MS, Planté-Bordeneuve V, Labaudinière R, Mundayat R, Riley S, Lombardo I, Huertas P. Mechanism of Action and Clinical Application of Tafamidis in Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis. Neurol Ther 2016; 5:1-25. [PMID: 26894299 PMCID: PMC4919130 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-016-0040-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) transports the retinol-binding protein-vitamin A complex and is a minor transporter of thyroxine in blood. Its tetrameric structure undergoes rate-limiting dissociation and monomer misfolding, enabling TTR to aggregate or to become amyloidogenic. Mutations in the TTR gene generally destabilize the tetramer and/or accelerate tetramer dissociation, promoting amyloidogenesis. TTR-related amyloidoses are rare, fatal, protein-misfolding disorders, characterized by formation of soluble aggregates of variable structure and tissue deposition of amyloid. The TTR amyloidoses present with a spectrum of manifestations, encompassing progressive neuropathy and/or cardiomyopathy. Until recently, the only accepted treatment to halt progression of hereditary TTR amyloidosis was liver transplantation, which replaces the hepatic source of mutant TTR with the less amyloidogenic wild-type TTR. Tafamidis meglumine is a rationally designed, non-NSAID benzoxazole derivative that binds with high affinity and selectivity to TTR and kinetically stabilizes the tetramer, slowing monomer formation, misfolding, and amyloidogenesis. Tafamidis is the first pharmacotherapy approved to slow the progression of peripheral neurologic impairment in TTR familial amyloid polyneuropathy. Here we describe the mechanism of action of tafamidis and review the clinical data, demonstrating that tafamidis treatment slows neurologic deterioration and preserves nutritional status, as well as quality of life in patients with early-stage Val30Met amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Coelho
- Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Giampaolo Merlini
- Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Daniel P Judge
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Mathew S Maurer
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pedro Huertas
- Massachusetts General and McLean Hospitals, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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41
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Lim KH, Dasari AKR, Hung I, Gan Z, Kelly JW, Wemmer DE. Structural Changes Associated with Transthyretin Misfolding and Amyloid Formation Revealed by Solution and Solid-State NMR. Biochemistry 2016; 55:1941-4. [PMID: 26998642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Elucidation of structural changes involved in protein misfolding and amyloid formation is crucial for unraveling the molecular basis of amyloid formation. Here we report structural analyses of the amyloidogenic intermediate and amyloid aggregates of transthyretin using solution and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Our solution NMR results show that one of the two main β-sheet structures (CBEF β-sheet) is maintained in the aggregation-competent intermediate, while the other DAGH β-sheet is more flexible on millisecond time scales. Magic-angle-spinning solid-state NMR revealed that AB loop regions interacting with strand A in the DAGH β-sheet undergo conformational changes, leading to the destabilized DAGH β-sheet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Hun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University , Greenville, North Carolina 27858, United States
| | - Anvesh K R Dasari
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University , Greenville, North Carolina 27858, United States
| | - Ivan Hung
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance (CIMAR), National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) , 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Zhehong Gan
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance (CIMAR), National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) , 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Jeffery W Kelly
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - David E Wemmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Clement CC, Moncrieffe H, Lele A, Janow G, Becerra A, Bauli F, Saad FA, Perino G, Montagna C, Cobelli N, Hardin J, Stern LJ, Ilowite N, Porcelli SA, Santambrogio L. Autoimmune response to transthyretin in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. JCI Insight 2016; 1:85633. [PMID: 26973882 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.85633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common pediatric rheumatological condition. Although it has been proposed that JIA has an autoimmune component, the autoantigens are still unknown. Using biochemical and proteomic approaches, we identified the molecular chaperone transthyretin (TTR) as an antigenic target for B and T cell immune responses. TTR was eluted from IgG complexes and affinity purified from 3 JIA patients, and a statistically significant increase in TTR autoantibodies was observed in a group of 43 JIA patients. Three cryptic, HLA-DR1-restricted TTR peptides, which induced CD4+ T cell expansion and IFN-γ and TNF-α production in 3 out of 17 analyzed patients, were also identified. Misfolding, aggregation and oxidation of TTR, as observed in the synovial fluid of all JIA patients, enhanced its immunogenicity in HLA-DR1 transgenic mice. Our data point to TTR as an autoantigen potentially involved in the pathogenesis of JIA and to oxidation and aggregation as a mechanism facilitating TTR autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina C Clement
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Halima Moncrieffe
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Aditi Lele
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ginger Janow
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aniuska Becerra
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francesco Bauli
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fawzy A Saad
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Giorgio Perino
- Department of Pathology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cristina Montagna
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Neil Cobelli
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - John Hardin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lawrence J Stern
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Norman Ilowite
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Steven A Porcelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Laura Santambrogio
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Repositioning tolcapone as a potent inhibitor of transthyretin amyloidogenesis and associated cellular toxicity. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10787. [PMID: 26902880 PMCID: PMC4766415 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a plasma homotetrameric protein implicated in fatal systemic amyloidoses. TTR tetramer dissociation precedes pathological TTR aggregation. Native state stabilizers are promising drugs to treat TTR amyloidoses. Here we repurpose tolcapone, an FDA-approved molecule for Parkinson's disease, as a potent TTR aggregation inhibitor. Tolcapone binds specifically to TTR in human plasma, stabilizes the native tetramer in vivo in mice and humans and inhibits TTR cytotoxicity. Crystal structures of tolcapone bound to wild-type TTR and to the V122I cardiomyopathy-associated variant show that it docks better into the TTR T4 pocket than tafamidis, so far the only drug on the market to treat TTR amyloidoses. These data indicate that tolcapone, already in clinical trials for familial amyloid polyneuropathy, is a strong candidate for therapeutic intervention in these diseases, including those affecting the central nervous system, for which no small-molecule therapy exists.
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44
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Eisele YS, Monteiro C, Fearns C, Encalada SE, Wiseman RL, Powers ET, Kelly JW. Targeting protein aggregation for the treatment of degenerative diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2015; 14:759-80. [PMID: 26338154 PMCID: PMC4628595 DOI: 10.1038/nrd4593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation of specific proteins is hypothesized to underlie several degenerative diseases, which are collectively known as amyloid disorders. However, the mechanistic connection between the process of protein aggregation and tissue degeneration is not yet fully understood. Here, we review current and emerging strategies to ameliorate aggregation-associated degenerative disorders, with a focus on disease-modifying strategies that prevent the formation of and/or eliminate protein aggregates. Persuasive pharmacological and genetic evidence now supports protein aggregation as the cause of postmitotic tissue dysfunction or loss. However, a more detailed understanding of the factors that trigger and sustain aggregate formation and of the structure-activity relationships underlying proteotoxicity is needed to develop future disease-modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne S. Eisele
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Cecilia Monteiro
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Colleen Fearns
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Sandra E. Encalada
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - R. Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Evan T. Powers
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Jeffery W. Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Ciccone L, Nencetti S, Rossello A, Tepshi L, Stura EA, Orlandini E. X-ray crystal structure and activity of fluorenyl-based compounds as transthyretin fibrillogenesis inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 31:824-33. [PMID: 26235916 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1070265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a 54 kDa homotetrameric protein that transports thyroxine (T4) and retinol (vitamin A), through its association with retinol binding protein (RBP). Under unknown conditions, it aggregates to form fibrils associated with TTR amyloidosis. Ligands able to inhibit fibril formation have been studied by X-ray crystallography. The use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) instead of ammonium sulphate or citrate has been evaluated as an alternative to obtain new TTR complexes with (R)-3-(9-fluoren-9-ylideneaminooxy)-2-methyl-N-(methylsulfonyl) propionamide (48R(1)) and 2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylideneaminooxy) acetic acid (ES8(2)). The previously described fluorenyl based inhibitors (S)-3-((9H-fluoren-9-ylideneamino)oxy)-2-methylpropanoic acid (6BD) and 3-((9H-fluoren-9-ylideneamino)oxy)propanoic acid (7BD) have been re-evaluated with the changed crystallization method. The new TTR complexes with compounds of the same family show that the 9-fluorenyl motif can occupy alternative hydrophobic binding sites. This augments the potential use of this scaffold to yield a large variety of differently substituted mono-aryl compounds able to inhibit TTR fibril formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Ciccone
- a CEA, iBiTec-S, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO) , Gif-sur-Yvette , France and.,b Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | | | | | - Livia Tepshi
- a CEA, iBiTec-S, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO) , Gif-sur-Yvette , France and.,b Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Enrico A Stura
- a CEA, iBiTec-S, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO) , Gif-sur-Yvette , France and
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Hopper JTS, Robinson CV. Mass spectrometry quantifies protein interactions--from molecular chaperones to membrane porins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:14002-15. [PMID: 25354304 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Proteins possess an intimate relationship between their structure and function, with folded protein structures generating recognition motifs for the binding of ligands and other proteins. Mass spectrometry (MS) can provide information on a number of levels of protein structure, from the primary amino acid sequence to its three-dimensional fold and quaternary interactions. Given that MS is a gas-phase technique, with its foundations in analytical chemistry, it is perhaps counter-intuitive to use it to study the structure and non-covalent interactions of proteins that form in solution. Herein we show, however, that MS can go beyond simply preserving protein interactions in the gas phase by providing new insight into dynamic interaction networks, dissociation mechanisms, and the cooperativity of ligand binding. We consider potential pitfalls in data interpretation and place particular emphasis on recent studies that revealed quantitative information about dynamic protein interactions, in both soluble and membrane-embedded assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T S Hopper
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ (UK)
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Suhr OB, Conceição IM, Karayal ON, Mandel FS, Huertas PE, Ericzon BG. Post hoc analysis of nutritional status in patients with transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy: impact of tafamidis. Neurol Ther 2014; 3:101-12. [PMID: 26000226 PMCID: PMC4386428 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-014-0023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastrointestinal symptoms are common among patients with transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy (TTR-FAP). This post hoc analysis evaluated the nutritional status of TTR-FAP patients treated with tafamidis while enrolled in clinical trials. METHODS Nutritional status was measured by the modified body mass index (mBMI = BMI × albumin level). Treatment-related changes in mBMI were reported for 71 Val30Met TTR-FAP patients who completed an 18-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and who continued into its open-label, 12-month extension. RESULTS At month 18, mBMI worsened in the placebo group (n = 33) (-33 ± 16 kg/m(2) g/l, P = 0.04 versus baseline) but improved in the tafamidis group (n = 38) (+37 ± 14 kg/m(2) g/l, P = 0.01 versus baseline) such that the effect size between the groups was statistically significant (P = 0.001). By month 30 (completion of the open-label extension), placebo patients with 12 months of tafamidis treatment and tafamidis-treated patients with 30 months of treatment both tended to increase their mBMI (28 ± 19 kg/m(2) g/l and 16 ± 18 kg/m(2) g/l, respectively). Increase in BMI was most pronounced in patients with low BMI at entry into the studies. CONCLUSIONS mBMI is well suited to monitor disease progression in TTR-FAP patients. The delay in neurological deterioration brought about by tafamidis treatment in clinical trials is associated with improvements in, or maintenance of, mBMI. FUNDING This study was sponsored by Pfizer Inc., New York, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole B Suhr
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Isabel M Conceição
- Department of Neurosciences, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte-Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal ; Translational and Clinical Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
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Banerjee A, Mukhopadhyay BP. An insight to the conserved water mediated dynamics of catalytic His88 and its recognition to thyroxin and RBP binding residues in human transthyretin. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2014; 33:1973-88. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2014.984632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hopper JTS, Robinson CV. Massenspektrometrie zur Quantifizierung von Wechselwirkungen zwischen Proteinen - von molekularen Chaperonen zu Membranporinen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Yokoyama T, Kosaka Y, Mizuguchi M. Inhibitory Activities of Propolis and Its Promising Component, Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester, against Amyloidogenesis of Human Transthyretin. J Med Chem 2014; 57:8928-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jm500997m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yokoyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0914, Japan
| | - Yuto Kosaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0914, Japan
| | - Mineyuki Mizuguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0914, Japan
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