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Gao L, Wang H, Fang F, Liu J, Zhao C, Niu J, Wang Z, Zhong Y, Wang X. The roles of orphan nuclear receptor 4 group A1 and A2 in fibrosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112705. [PMID: 39029235 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis is not a disease but rather an outcome of the pathological tissue repair response. Many myofibroblasts are activated which lead to the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components such as collagen and fibronectin with fibrosis. A variety of organs, including kidney, liver, lung, heart and skin, can undergo fibrosis under the stimulation of exogenous or endogenous pathogenic factors. The orphan nuclear receptor 4 group A1 (NR4A1) and nuclear receptor 4 group A2(NR4A2)are belong to the nuclear receptor subfamily and inhibit the occurrence and development of fibrosis. NR4A1 is an inhibitory factor of TGF-β signaling transduction. Overexpression of NR4A1 in fibroblasts can reduce TGF-β induced collagen deposition and fibrosis related gene expression. Here, we summarize the current research progress on the NR4A1/2 and fibrosis, providing reference for the treatment of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanjun Gao
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Hongshuang Wang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Jiazhi Liu
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Jieqi Niu
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns Research, Shijiazhuang 050091, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns Research, Shijiazhuang 050091, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China.
| | - Xiangting Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns Research, Shijiazhuang 050091, China.
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Ochoa Chaar CI, Kim T, Alameddine D, DeWan A, Guzman R, Dardik A, Grossetta Nardini HK, Wallach JD, Kullo I, Murray M. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the genetics of peripheral arterial disease. JVS Vasc Sci 2023; 5:100133. [PMID: 38314202 PMCID: PMC10832467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvssci.2023.100133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Peripheral artery disease (PAD) impacts more than 200 million people worldwide. The understanding of the genetics of the disease and its clinical implications continue to evolve. This systematic review provides a comprehensive summary of all DNA variants that have been studied in association with the diagnosis and progression of PAD, with a meta-analysis of the ones replicated in the literature. Methods A systematic review of all studies examining DNA variants associated with the diagnosis and progression of PAD was performed. Candidate gene and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were included. A meta-analysis of 13 variants derived from earlier smaller candidate gene studies of the diagnosis of PAD was performed. The literature on the progression of PAD was limited, and a meta-analysis was not feasible because of the heterogeneity in the criteria used to characterize it. Results A total of 231 DNA variants in 112 papers were studied for the association with the diagnosis of PAD. There were significant variations in the definition of PAD and the selection of controls in the various studies. GWAS have established 19 variants associated with the diagnosis of PAD that were replicated in several large patient cohorts. Only variants in intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (rs5498), IL-6 (rs1800795), and hepatic lipase (rs2070895) showed significant association with the diagnosis of PAD. However, these variants were not noted in the published GWAS. Conclusions Genetic research in the diagnosis of PAD has significant heterogeneity, but recent GWAS have demonstrated variants consistently associated with the disease. More research focusing on the progression of PAD is needed to identify patients at risk of adverse events and develop strategies that would improve their outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassius Iyad Ochoa Chaar
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Tanner Kim
- Department of Surgery, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI
| | - Dana Alameddine
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Andrew DeWan
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Raul Guzman
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Alan Dardik
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Joshua D. Wallach
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Iftikhar Kullo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Michael Murray
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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NR4A2 expression is not altered in placentas from cases of growth restriction or preeclampsia, but is reduced in hypoxic cytotrophoblast. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20670. [PMID: 34667209 PMCID: PMC8526588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00192-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 2 (NR4A2) transcripts are elevated in the circulation of individuals whose pregnancies are complicated by preterm fetal growth restriction (FGR). In this paper, we show that the cases with preeclampsia (PE) have increased circulating NR4A2 transcripts compared to those with normotensive FGR. We aimed to establish whether the dysfunctional placenta mirrors the increase in NR4A2 transcripts and further, to uncover the function of placental NR4A2. NR4A2 expression was detected in preterm and term placental tissue; expressed higher at term. NR4A2 mRNA expression and protein were not altered in placentas from preterm FGR or PE pregnancies. Hypoxia (1% O2 compared to 8% O2) significantly reduced cytotrophoblast NR4A2 mRNA expression, but not placental explant NR4A2 expression. Silencing cytotrophoblast NR4A2 expression under hypoxia (via short interfering (si)RNAs) did not alter angiogenic Placental Growth Factor, nor anti-angiogenic sFlt-1 mRNA expression or protein secretion, but increased expression of cellular antioxidant, oxidative stress, inflammatory, and growth genes. NR4A2 expression was also not altered in a model of tumour necrosis factor-α-induced endothelial dysfunction, or with pravastatin treatment. Further studies are required to identify the origin of the circulating transcripts in pathological pregnancies, and investigate the function of placental NR4A2.
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Qian Q, Xie Y. Propofol protects H9C2 cells against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury through miR-449a and NR4A2. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1181. [PMID: 34475971 PMCID: PMC8406901 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Propofol has been revealed to protect cardiomyocytes against myocardial ischemia injury, although the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. H9C2 cells were used to generate a hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in vitro model for the present study. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting were performed to measure the expression levels of microRNA (miR)-449a and nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2 (NR4A2). The CCK-8, BrdU, EdU, and caspase-3 activity assays and western blot analysis were employed to detect cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis. The target relationship between miR-449a and NR4A2 was verified through dual-luciferase reporter assays. The results confirmed that exposure of the cells to H/R resulted in severe cell injury. However, the presence of propofol improved cell activity by promoting cell viability and proliferation and inhibiting cell apoptosis. The beneficial effect of propofol on H/R-mediated injury could be abrogated by the inhibition of NR4A2 mediated by miR-449a. Thus, the present study demonstrated that propofol counteracted cardiomyocyte H/R injury by inhibiting miR-449a to upregulate NR4A2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Yingxiang Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
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Feitosa MF, Lunetta KL, Wang L, Wojczynski MK, Kammerer CM, Perls T, Schupf N, Christensen K, Murabito JM, Province MA. Gene discovery for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level change over time in prospective family studies. Atherosclerosis 2020; 297:102-110. [PMID: 32109663 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS Several genes are known to contribute to the levels and metabolism of HDL-C, however, their protective effects in cardiovascular disease (CVD), healthy aging, and longevity are complex and poorly understood. It is also unclear if these genes predict longitudinal HDL-C change. We aimed to identify loci influencing HDL-C change. METHODS We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) with harmonized HDL-C and imputed genotype in three family-based studies recruited for exceptional survival (Long Life Family Study), from community-based (Framingham Heart Study) and enriched for CVD (Family Heart Study). In 7738 individuals with at least 2 visits, we employed a growth curve model to estimate the random linear trajectory parameter of age-sex-adjusted HDL-C for each person. GWAS was performed using a linear regression model on HDL-C change accounting for kinship correlations, population structure, and differences among studies. RESULTS We identified a novel association for HDL-C with GRID1 (p = 5.43 × 10-10), which encodes a glutamate receptor channel subunit involved in synaptic plasticity. Seven suggestive novel loci (p < 1.0 × 10-6; MBOAT2, LINC01876-NR4A2, NTNG2, CYSLTR2, SYNE2, CTXND1-LINC01314, and CYYR1) and a known lipid gene (ABCA10) showed associations with HDL-C change. Two additional sex-specific suggestive loci were identified in women (DCLK2 and KCNJ2). Several of these genetic variants are associated with lipid-related conditions influencing cardiovascular and metabolic health, have predictive regulatory function, and are involved in lipid-related pathways. CONCLUSIONS Modeling longitudinal HDL-C in prospective studies, with differences in healthy aging, longevity and CVD risk, contributed to gene discovery and provided insights into mechanisms of HDL-C regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Lihua Wang
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mary K Wojczynski
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Candace M Kammerer
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Perls
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Section, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA
| | - Nicole Schupf
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, Southern Denmark University, Odense, Denmark
| | - Joanne M Murabito
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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Boc V, Božic Mijovski M, Pohar Perme M, Blinc A. Diabetes and smoking are more important for prognosis of patients with peripheral arterial disease than some genetic polymorphisms. VASA 2018; 48:229-235. [PMID: 30526437 DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526/a000766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: The role of genetic polymorphisms in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is incompletely understood. We tested whether selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with PAD and with adverse events in an observational study cohort. Also, the role of diabetes and smoking was studied. Patients and methods: 742 patients with PAD and 713 age- and gender-matched control subjects were subjected to yearly physical and laboratory investigations and were managed for 5 years according to the European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention. The occurrence of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke or critical limb ischemia (major events) and revascularization procedures (minor events) was recorded. In 655 patients with PAD and 612 control subjects the following SNPs were determined: rs1466408, rs13428968 and rs12803 of NR4A2 gene, rs10499563 of IL6 gene, rs668 and rs12953 of PECAM1 gene, and rs10861032 of Chr12 locus. Results: The distribution of selected SNPs did not differ between patients with PAD and control subjects, and neither between subjects with or without major adverse events. In contrast, diabetes and smoking affected survival and event-free survival. Among patients with PAD, diabetes doubled the hazard ratio (HR) for cardiovascular death and smoking doubled the HR for death or major event. The 5-year survival of diabetics with PAD was 0.80 (CI 0.75-0.85) and of non-diabetics with PAD 0.87 (CI 0.84-0.90), p = 0.045. The 5-year survival of active smokers with PA D was 0.80 (CI 0.75-0.62), of former smokers 0.83 (CI 0.79-0.88), and of never-smokers 0.89 (CI 0.86-0.93), p = 0.024. Conclusions: SNPs of NR4A2, IL6, PECAM1 and Chr12 were not associated with PAD or with major adverse events. However, diabetes and smoking were associated with worse survival and event-free survival in patients with PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinko Boc
- 1 University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Department of Vascular Diseases, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Božic Mijovski
- 1 University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Department of Vascular Diseases, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Pohar Perme
- 2 Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Institute of Bomedical Informatics, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ales Blinc
- 1 University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Department of Vascular Diseases, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,3 Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Division of Internal Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Medzikovic L, de Vries CJM, de Waard V. NR4A nuclear receptors in cardiac remodeling and neurohormonal regulation. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2018; 29:429-437. [PMID: 30553703 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is characterized by the constant interplay between the underlying cardiac insult, degree of myocardial dysfunction and the activity of compensatory neurohormonal mechanisms. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) become activated to maintain cardiac output; however, their chronic hyperactivity will eventually become deleterious. Several nuclear hormone receptors, including the mineralocorticoid receptor and estrogen receptor, are well-known to modulate cardiac disease. Recently, the subfamily of NR4A nuclear receptors i.e. Nur77, Nurr1 and NOR-1, are emerging as key players in cardiac stress responses, as well as pivotal regulators of neurohormonal mechanisms. In this review, we summarize current literature on NR4A nuclear receptors in the heart and in various components of the SNS, RAAS and immune system and discuss the functional implications for NR4As in cardiac function and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lejla Medzikovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, room K1-115, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlie J M de Vries
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, room K1-115, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vivian de Waard
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, room K1-115, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
A number of nuclear receptors are involved in maintenance of normal vessel wall physiology as well as in pathophysiological processes such as atherosclerosis, restenosis and remodelling. Recent studies revealed a previously unrecognized function of the NR4A subfamily of nuclear receptors as key regulatory proteins in vascular disease. The NR4A subfamily comprises the members Nur77, Nurr1 and NOR-1 and in the current review a comprehensive overview is given of the data supporting functional involvement of these nuclear receptors in three major cell types in vascular (patho)physiology; endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and monocytes-macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M van Tiel
- Academic Medical Center, K1-113, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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