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Yamashita M, Tomoda T, Mizuo A, Isoda T, Egawa M, Yoshida M, Toki T, Kudo K, Terui K, Ito E, Morio T, Takagi M. Transient erythroblastopenia due to a GATA1 variant in an infant female. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e30834. [PMID: 38149846 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a congenital anemia with erythroid cell aplasia. Most of the causative genes are ribosomal proteins. GATA1, a hematopoietic master transcription factor required for erythropoiesis, also causes DBA. GATA1 is located on Xp11.23; therefore, DBA develops only in males in an X-linked inheritance pattern. Here, we report a case of transient erythroblastopenia and moderate anemia in a female newborn infant with a de novo GATA1 variant. In this patient, increased methylation of the GATA1 wild-type allele was observed in erythroid cells. Skewed lyonization of GATA1 may cause mild transient erythroblastopenia in a female patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoi Yamashita
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tomoda
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ami Mizuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagawa Saiseikai Hospital, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Isoda
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makiko Egawa
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism in Cardiovascular Disease, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yoshida
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism in Cardiovascular Disease, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Toki
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
| | - Ko Kudo
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kiminori Terui
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Takagi
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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Da Costa L, Mohandas N, David-NGuyen L, Platon J, Marie I, O'Donohue MF, Leblanc T, Gleizes PE. Diamond-Blackfan anemia, the archetype of ribosomopathy: How distinct is it from the other constitutional ribosomopathies? Blood Cells Mol Dis 2024:102838. [PMID: 38413287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2024.102838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) was the first ribosomopathy described in humans. DBA is a congenital hypoplastic anemia, characterized by macrocytic aregenerative anemia, manifesting by differentiation blockage between the BFU-e/CFU-e developmental erythroid progenitor stages. In 50 % of the DBA cases, various malformations are noted. Strikingly, for a hematological disease with a relative erythroid tropism, DBA is due to ribosomal haploinsufficiency in 24 different ribosomal protein (RP) genes. A few other genes have been described in DBA-like disorders, but they do not fit into the classical DBA phenotype (Sankaran et al., 2012; van Dooijeweert et al., 2022; Toki et al., 2018; Kim et al., 2017 [1-4]). Haploinsufficiency in a RP gene leads to defective ribosomal RNA (rRNA) maturation, which is a hallmark of DBA. However, the mechanistic understandings of the erythroid tropism defect in DBA are still to be fully defined. Erythroid defect in DBA has been recently been linked in a non-exclusive manner to a number of mechanisms that include: 1) a defect in translation, in particular for the GATA1 erythroid gene; 2) a deficit of HSP70, the GATA1 chaperone, and 3) free heme toxicity. In addition, p53 activation in response to ribosomal stress is involved in DBA pathophysiology. The DBA phenotype may thus result from the combined contributions of various actors, which may explain the heterogenous phenotypes observed in DBA patients, even within the same family.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Da Costa
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique (Hematology Diagnostic Lab), AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, F-94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; University of Paris Saclay, F-94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; University of Paris Cité, F-75010 Paris, France; University of Picardie Jules Verne, F-80000 Amiens, France; Inserm U1170, IGR, F-94805 Villejuif/HEMATIM UR4666, F-80000 Amiens, France; Laboratory of Excellence for Red Cells, LABEX GR-Ex, F-75015 Paris, France.
| | | | - Ludivine David-NGuyen
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique (Hematology Diagnostic Lab), AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, F-94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jessica Platon
- Inserm U1170, IGR, F-94805 Villejuif/HEMATIM UR4666, F-80000 Amiens, France
| | - Isabelle Marie
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique (Hematology Diagnostic Lab), AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, F-94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marie Françoise O'Donohue
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental biology department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Thierry Leblanc
- Service d'immuno-hématologie pédiatrique, Hôpital Robert-Debré, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Gleizes
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental biology department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Chen P, Yawar W, Farooqui AR, Ali S, Lathiya N, Ghous Z, Sultan R, Alhomrani M, Alghamdi SA, Almalki AA, Alghamdi AA, ALSuhaymi N, Razi Ul Islam Hashmi M, Hameed Y. Transcriptomics data integration and analysis to uncover hallmark genes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Transl Res 2024; 16:637-653. [PMID: 38463581 PMCID: PMC10918138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a heterogeneous disease that mainly affects the myocardium. In the current study, we aim to explore HCM-related hub genes through the analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HCM and normal sample groups. METHODS The GSE68316 and GSE36961 expression profiles were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for the identification of DEGs, to explore hub genes, and to perform their expression analysis. Clinical HCM and control tissue samples were taken for expression and promoter methylation validation analysis via RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and targeted bisulfite sequencing (bisulfite-seq) analyses. Then, other different bioinformatics tools were employed to perform STRING, lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks, gene enrichment, and drug prediction analyses. RESULTS In total, the top 20 DEGs, including 10 up-regulated and 10 down-regulated, were obtained from GSE68316. Out of the 20 DEGs, we subsequently identified the 8 most important hub genes including 5 up-regulated genes (EPB42, UQCRH, CA1, PFDN5, and LSM5) and 3 down-regulated genes (RPS24, TNS1, and RPL26). Expression and promoter methylation dysregulation of these genes were further validated on clinical HCM samples paired with controls. Next, we further investigated hub genes' regulatory 6 miRNAs (has-mir-1-3p, has-mir-129-5p, has-mir-16-5p, has-mir-23b-3p, has-mir-27-3p, and has-mir-182-5p) and miRNAs regulatory 4 lncRNAs (NUTMB2-AS1, NEAT1, XIST, and GABPB1-AS1) in this study via the lncRNA-cricRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network. Later on, gene enrichment analysis revealed that hub genes were enriched in various important pathways including Nitrogen metabolism, Ribosome, RNA degradation, Cardiac muscle contraction, and Coronavirus disease, etc. Finally, the drug prediction analysis highlighted different potential candidate drugs for altering the expression of hub genes in the treatment of HCM. CONCLUSION In summary, the identification of key hub genes and their enrichment analysis in the current study may shed light on the mechanisms behind the occurrence and development of HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Taiyuan Central HospitalTaiyuan 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Warda Yawar
- Department of Emergency, PPHISindh, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | | | - Saqib Ali
- Department of Computer Science, University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Nida Lathiya
- Department of Physiology, Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Sohail UniversityKarachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Ghous
- Department of Cardiology, Punjab Institute of CardiologyLahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Rizwana Sultan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesBahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Majid Alhomrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif UniversityTaif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Research Centre for Health Sciences, Taif UniversityTaif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Alghamdi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif UniversityTaif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulraheem Ali Almalki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif UniversityTaif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A Alghamdi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif UniversityTaif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif ALSuhaymi
- Department of Emergency Medical Services, Faculty of Health Sciences - AlQunfudah, Umm Al-Qura UniversityMekkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Yasir Hameed
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
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Pelagiadis I, Kyriakidis I, Katzilakis N, Kosmeri C, Veltra D, Sofocleous C, Glentis S, Kattamis A, Makis A, Stiakaki E. The Diverse Genomic Landscape of Diamond-Blackfan Anemia: Two Novel Variants and a Mini-Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1812. [PMID: 38002903 PMCID: PMC10670567 DOI: 10.3390/children10111812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a ribosomopathy characterized by bone marrow erythroid hypoplasia, which typically presents with severe anemia within the first months of life. DBA is typically attributed to a heterozygous mutation in a ribosomal protein (RP) gene along with a defect in the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) maturation or levels. Besides classic DBA, DBA-like disease has been described with variations in 16 genes (primarily in GATA1, followed by ADA2 alias CECR1, HEATR3, and TSR2). To date, more than a thousand variants have been reported in RP genes. Splice variants represent 6% of identifiable genetic defects in DBA, while their prevalence is 14.3% when focusing on pathogenic and likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants, thus highlighting the impact of such alterations in RP translation and, subsequently, in ribosome levels. We hereby present two cases with novel pathogenic splice variants in RPS17 and RPS26. Associations of DBA-related variants with specific phenotypic features and malignancies and the molecular consequences of pathogenic variations for each DBA-related gene are discussed. The determinants of the spontaneous remission, cancer development, variable expression of the same variants between families, and selectivity of RP defects towards the erythroid lineage remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iordanis Pelagiadis
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (I.P.); (I.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Ioannis Kyriakidis
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (I.P.); (I.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Nikolaos Katzilakis
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (I.P.); (I.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Chrysoula Kosmeri
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Danai Veltra
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Christalena Sofocleous
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Stavros Glentis
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, “Aghia Sofia” Children’s Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Antonis Kattamis
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, “Aghia Sofia” Children’s Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Alexandros Makis
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Eftichia Stiakaki
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (I.P.); (I.K.); (N.K.)
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Buianova AA, Proskura MV, Cheranev VV, Belova VA, Shmitko AO, Pavlova AS, Vasiliadis IA, Suchalko ON, Rebrikov DV, Petrosyan EK, Korostin DO. Candidate Genes for IgA Nephropathy in Pediatric Patients: Exome-Wide Association Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15984. [PMID: 37958966 PMCID: PMC10647220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is an autoimmune disorder which is believed to be non-monogenic. We performed an exome-wide association study of 70 children with IgAN and 637 healthy donors. The HLA allele frequencies were compared between the patients and healthy donors from the bone marrow registry of the Pirogov University. We tested 78,020 gene markers for association and performed functional enrichment analysis and transcription factor binding preference detection. We identified 333 genetic variants, employing three inheritance models. The most significant association with the disorder was observed for rs143409664 (PRAG1) in the case of the additive and dominant models (PBONF = 1.808 × 10-15 and PBONF = 1.654 × 10-15, respectively), and for rs13028230 (UBR3) in the case of the recessive model (PBONF = 1.545 × 10-9). Enrichment analysis indicated the strongly overrepresented "immune system" and "kidney development" terms. The HLA-DQA1*01:01:01G allele (p = 0.0076; OR, 2.021 [95% CI, 1.322-3.048]) was significantly the most frequent among IgAN patients. Here, we characterized, for the first time, the genetic background of Russian IgAN patients, identifying the risk alleles typical of the population. The most important signals were detected in previously undescribed loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia A. Buianova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova Str., 1, p. 1, 117513 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.C.); (V.A.B.); (A.O.S.); (A.S.P.); (I.A.V.); (O.N.S.); (D.V.R.); (D.O.K.)
| | - Mariia V. Proskura
- Nephrology Department, Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital, Leninsky Prospect 117, 119571 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.P.); (E.K.P.)
| | - Valery V. Cheranev
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova Str., 1, p. 1, 117513 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.C.); (V.A.B.); (A.O.S.); (A.S.P.); (I.A.V.); (O.N.S.); (D.V.R.); (D.O.K.)
| | - Vera A. Belova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova Str., 1, p. 1, 117513 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.C.); (V.A.B.); (A.O.S.); (A.S.P.); (I.A.V.); (O.N.S.); (D.V.R.); (D.O.K.)
| | - Anna O. Shmitko
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova Str., 1, p. 1, 117513 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.C.); (V.A.B.); (A.O.S.); (A.S.P.); (I.A.V.); (O.N.S.); (D.V.R.); (D.O.K.)
| | - Anna S. Pavlova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova Str., 1, p. 1, 117513 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.C.); (V.A.B.); (A.O.S.); (A.S.P.); (I.A.V.); (O.N.S.); (D.V.R.); (D.O.K.)
| | - Iuliia A. Vasiliadis
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova Str., 1, p. 1, 117513 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.C.); (V.A.B.); (A.O.S.); (A.S.P.); (I.A.V.); (O.N.S.); (D.V.R.); (D.O.K.)
| | - Oleg N. Suchalko
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova Str., 1, p. 1, 117513 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.C.); (V.A.B.); (A.O.S.); (A.S.P.); (I.A.V.); (O.N.S.); (D.V.R.); (D.O.K.)
| | - Denis V. Rebrikov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova Str., 1, p. 1, 117513 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.C.); (V.A.B.); (A.O.S.); (A.S.P.); (I.A.V.); (O.N.S.); (D.V.R.); (D.O.K.)
| | - Edita K. Petrosyan
- Nephrology Department, Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital, Leninsky Prospect 117, 119571 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.P.); (E.K.P.)
| | - Dmitriy O. Korostin
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova Str., 1, p. 1, 117513 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.C.); (V.A.B.); (A.O.S.); (A.S.P.); (I.A.V.); (O.N.S.); (D.V.R.); (D.O.K.)
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Cerri F, Gentile F, Clarelli F, Santoro S, Falzone YM, Dina G, Romano A, Domi T, Pozzi L, Fazio R, Podini P, Sorosina M, Carrera P, Esposito F, Riva N, Briani C, Cavallaro T, Filippi M, Quattrini A. Clinical and pathological findings in neurolymphomatosis: Preliminary association with gene expression profiles in sural nerves. Front Oncol 2022; 12:974751. [PMID: 36226068 PMCID: PMC9549065 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.974751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although inflammation appears to play a role in neurolymphomatosis (NL), the mechanisms leading to degeneration in the peripheral nervous system are poorly understood. The purpose of this exploratory study was to identify molecular pathways underlying NL pathogenesis, combining clinical and neuropathological investigation with gene expression (GE) studies. We characterized the clinical and pathological features of eight patients with NL. We further analysed GE changes in sural nerve biopsies obtained from a subgroup of NL patients (n=3) and thirteen patients with inflammatory neuropathies as neuropathic controls. Based on the neuropathic symptoms and signs, NL patients were classified into three forms of neuropathy: chronic symmetrical sensorimotor polyneuropathy (SMPN, n=3), multiple mononeuropathy (MN, n=4) and acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN, n=1). Predominantly diffuse malignant cells infiltration of epineurium was present in chronic SMPN, whereas endoneurial perivascular cells invasion was observed in MN. In contrast, diffuse endoneurium malignant cells localization occurred in AMSAN. We identified alterations in the expression of 1266 genes, with 115 up-regulated and 1151 down-regulated genes, which were mainly associated with ribosomal proteins (RP) and olfactory receptors (OR) signaling pathways, respectively. Among the top up-regulated genes were actin alpha 1 skeletal muscle (ACTA1) and desmin (DES). Similarly, in NL nerves ACTA1, DES and several RPs were highly expressed, associated with endothelial cells and pericytes abnormalities. Peripheral nerve involvement may be due to conversion towards a more aggressive phenotype, potentially explaining the poor prognosis. The candidate genes reported in this study may be a source of clinical biomarkers for NL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cerri
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Gentile
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurology IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Clarelli
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Santoro
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Yuri Matteo Falzone
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurology IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Dina
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Romano
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Teuta Domi
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Pozzi
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Fazio
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Podini
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Melissa Sorosina
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Carrera
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology and Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Biology and Cytogenetics, Unit of Genomics for Human Disease Diagnosis, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Esposito
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nilo Riva
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Nilo Riva, ; Angelo Quattrini,
| | - Chiara Briani
- Department of Neuroscience , University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cavallaro
- Department of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University Hospital G.B. Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Quattrini
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Nilo Riva, ; Angelo Quattrini,
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7
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Dokal I, Tummala H, Vulliamy T. Inherited bone marrow failure in the pediatric patient. Blood 2022; 140:556-570. [PMID: 35605178 PMCID: PMC9373017 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020006481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited bone marrow (BM) failure syndromes are a diverse group of disorders characterized by BM failure, usually in association with ≥1 extrahematopoietic abnormalities. BM failure, which can involve ≥1 cell lineages, often presents in the pediatric age group. Furthermore, some children initially labeled as having idiopathic aplastic anemia or myelodysplasia represent cryptic cases of inherited BM failure. Significant advances in the genetics of these syndromes have been made, identifying more than 100 disease genes, giving insights into normal hematopoiesis and how it is disrupted in patients with BM failure. They have also provided important information on fundamental biological pathways, including DNA repair: Fanconi anemia (FA) genes; telomere maintenance: dyskeratosis congenita (DC) genes; and ribosome biogenesis: Shwachman-Diamond syndrome and Diamond-Blackfan anemia genes. In addition, because these disorders are usually associated with extrahematopoietic abnormalities and increased risk of cancer, they have provided insights into human development and cancer. In the clinic, genetic tests stemming from the recent advances facilitate diagnosis, especially when clinical features are insufficient to accurately classify a disorder. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using fludarabine-based protocols has significantly improved outcomes, particularly in patients with FA or DC. Management of some other complications, such as cancer, remains a challenge. Recent studies have suggested the possibility of new and potentially more efficacious therapies, including a renewed focus on hematopoietic gene therapy and drugs [transforming growth factor-β inhibitors for FA and PAPD5, a human poly(A) polymerase, inhibitors for DC] that target disease-specific defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inderjeet Dokal
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, London, United Kingdom; and
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Barts Health National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hemanth Tummala
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, London, United Kingdom; and
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Barts Health National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Vulliamy
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, London, United Kingdom; and
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Barts Health National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom
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8
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Temaj G, Saha S, Dragusha S, Ejupi V, Buttari B, Profumo E, Beqa L, Saso L. Ribosomopathies and cancer: pharmacological implications. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2022; 15:729-746. [PMID: 35787725 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2022.2098110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ribosome is a ribonucleoprotein organelle responsible for protein synthesis, and its biogenesis is a highly coordinated process that involves many macromolecular components. Any acquired or inherited impairment in ribosome biogenesis or ribosomopathies is associated with the development of different cancers and rare genetic diseases. Interference with multiple steps of protein synthesis has been shown to promote tumor cell death. AREAS COVERED We discuss the current insights about impaired ribosome biogenesis and their secondary consequences on protein synthesis, transcriptional and translational responses, proteotoxic stress, and other metabolic pathways associated with cancer and rare diseases. Studies investigating the modulation of different therapeutic chemical entities targeting cancer in in vitro and in vivo models have also been detailed. EXPERT OPINION Despite the association between inherited mutations affecting ribosome biogenesis and cancer biology, the development of therapeutics targeting the essential cellular machinery has only started to emerge. New chemical entities should be designed to modulate different checkpoints (translating oncoproteins, dysregulation of specific ribosome-assembly machinery, ribosomal stress, and rewiring ribosomal functions). Although safe and effective therapies are lacking, consideration should also be given to using existing drugs alone or in combination for long-term safety, with known risks for feasibility in clinical trials and synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarmistha Saha
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Valon Ejupi
- College UBT, Faculty of Pharmacy, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Brigitta Buttari
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Profumo
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Lule Beqa
- College UBT, Faculty of Pharmacy, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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9
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Hiregange DG, Rivalta A, Yonath A, Zimmerman E, Bashan A, Yonath H. Mutations in RPS19 may affect ribosome function and biogenesis in Diamond Blackfan Anemia. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:1419-1434. [PMID: 35583751 PMCID: PMC9249338 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomes, the cellular organelles translating the genetic code to proteins, are assemblies of RNA chains and many proteins (RPs) arranged in precise fine-tuned interwoven structures. Mutated ribosomal genes cause ribosomopathies, including Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA, a rare heterogeneous red-cell aplasia connected to ribosome malfunction) or failed biogenesis. Combined bioinformatical, structural, and predictive analyses of potential consequences of possibly expressed mutations in eS19, the protein product of the highly mutated RPS19, suggests that mutations in its exposed surface could alter its positioning during assembly and consequently prevent biogenesis, implying a natural selective strategy to avoid malfunctions in ribosome assembly. A search for RPS19 pseudogenes indicated >90% sequence identity with the wild type, hinting at its expression in cases of absent or truncated gene products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andre Rivalta
- The Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
| | - Ada Yonath
- The Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
| | - Ella Zimmerman
- The Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
| | - Anat Bashan
- The Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
| | - Hagith Yonath
- Internal Medicine A and Genetics Institute Sheba Medical Center, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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10
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Pillet B, Méndez-Godoy A, Murat G, Favre S, Stumpe M, Falquet L, Kressler D. Dedicated chaperones coordinate co-translational regulation of ribosomal protein production with ribosome assembly to preserve proteostasis. eLife 2022; 11:74255. [PMID: 35357307 PMCID: PMC8970588 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The biogenesis of eukaryotic ribosomes involves the ordered assembly of around 80 ribosomal proteins. Supplying equimolar amounts of assembly-competent ribosomal proteins is complicated by their aggregation propensity and the spatial separation of their location of synthesis and pre-ribosome incorporation. Recent evidence has highlighted that dedicated chaperones protect individual, unassembled ribosomal proteins on their path to the pre-ribosomal assembly site. Here, we show that the co-translational recognition of Rpl3 and Rpl4 by their respective dedicated chaperone, Rrb1 or Acl4, reduces the degradation of the encoding RPL3 and RPL4 mRNAs in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In both cases, negative regulation of mRNA levels occurs when the availability of the dedicated chaperone is limited and the nascent ribosomal protein is instead accessible to a regulatory machinery consisting of the nascent-polypeptide-associated complex and the Caf130-associated Ccr4-Not complex. Notably, deregulated expression of Rpl3 and Rpl4 leads to their massive aggregation and a perturbation of overall proteostasis in cells lacking the E3 ubiquitin ligase Tom1. Taken together, we have uncovered an unprecedented regulatory mechanism that adjusts the de novo synthesis of Rpl3 and Rpl4 to their actual consumption during ribosome assembly and, thereby, protects cells from the potentially detrimental effects of their surplus production. Living cells are packed full of molecules known as proteins, which perform many vital tasks the cells need to survive and grow. Machines called ribosomes inside the cells use template molecules called messenger RNAs (or mRNAs for short) to produce proteins. The newly-made proteins then have to travel to a specific location in the cell to perform their tasks. Some newly-made proteins are prone to forming clumps, so cells have other proteins known as chaperones that ensure these clumps do not form. The ribosomes themselves are made up of several proteins, some of which are also prone to clumping as they are being produced. To prevent this from happening, cells control how many ribosomal proteins they make, so there are just enough to form the ribosomes the cell needs at any given time. Previous studies found that, in yeast, two ribosomal proteins called Rpl3 and Rpl4 each have their own dedicated chaperone to prevent them from clumping. However, it remained unclear whether these chaperones are also involved in regulating the levels of Rpl3 and Rpl4. To address this question, Pillet et al. studied both of these dedicated chaperones in yeast cells. The experiments showed that the chaperones bound to their target proteins (either units of Rpl3 or Rpl4) as they were being produced on the ribosomes. This protected the template mRNAs the ribosomes were using to produce these proteins from being destroyed, thus allowing further units of Rpl3 and Rpl4 to be produced. When enough Rpl3 and Rpl4 units were made, there were not enough of the chaperones to bind them all, leaving the mRNA templates unprotected. This led to the destruction of the mRNA templates, which decreased the numbers of Rpl3 and Rpl4 units being produced. The work of Pillet et al. reveals a feedback mechanism that allows yeast to tightly control the levels of Rpl3 and Rpl4. In the future, these findings may help us understand diseases caused by defects in ribosomal proteins, such as Diamond-Blackfan anemia, and possibly also neurodegenerative diseases caused by clumps of proteins forming in cells. The next step will be to find out whether the mechanism uncovered by Pillet et al. also exists in human and other mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pillet
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Guillaume Murat
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Favre
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Michael Stumpe
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Metabolomics and Proteomics Platform, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Falquet
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Dieter Kressler
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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11
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Takafuji S, Mori T, Nishimura N, Yamamoto N, Uemura S, Nozu K, Terui K, Toki T, Ito E, Muramatsu H, Takahashi Y, Matsuo M, Yamamura T, Iijima K. Usefulness of functional splicing analysis to confirm precise disease pathogenesis in Diamond-Blackfan anemia caused by intronic variants in RPS19. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2021; 38:515-527. [PMID: 33622161 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2021.1887984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is mainly caused by pathogenic variants in ribosomal proteins and 22 responsible genes have been identified to date. The most common causative gene of DBA is RPS19 [NM_001022.4]. Nearly 180 RPS19 variants have been reported, including three deep intronic variants outside the splicing consensus sequence (c.72-92A > G, c.356 + 18G > C, and c.411 + 6G > C). We also identified one case with a c.412-3C > G intronic variant. Without conducting transcript analysis, the pathogenicity of these variants is unknown. However, it is difficult to assess transcripts because of their fragility. In such cases, in vitro functional splicing assays can be used to assess pathogenicity. Here, we report functional splicing analysis results of four RPS19 deep intronic variants identified in our case and in previously reported cases. One splicing consensus variant (c.411 + 1G > A) was also examined as a positive control. Aberrant splicing with a 2-bp insertion between exons 5 and 6 was identified in the patient samples and minigene assay results also identified exon 6 skipping in our case. The exon 6 skipping transcript was confirmed by further evaluation using quantitative RT-PCR. Additionally, minigene assay analysis of three reported deep intronic variants revealed that none of them showed aberrant splicing and that these variants were not considered to be pathogenic. In conclusion, the minigene assay is a useful method for functional splicing analysis of inherited disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Takafuji
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mori
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nishimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Suguru Uemura
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kandai Nozu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kiminori Terui
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Toki
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hideki Muramatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masafumi Matsuo
- Locomotion Biology Research Center, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Yamamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kazumoto Iijima
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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12
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Kang J, Brajanovski N, Chan KT, Xuan J, Pearson RB, Sanij E. Ribosomal proteins and human diseases: molecular mechanisms and targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:323. [PMID: 34462428 PMCID: PMC8405630 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00728-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis are fundamental rate-limiting steps for cell growth and proliferation. The ribosomal proteins (RPs), comprising the structural parts of the ribosome, are essential for ribosome assembly and function. In addition to their canonical ribosomal functions, multiple RPs have extra-ribosomal functions including activation of p53-dependent or p53-independent pathways in response to stress, resulting in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Defects in ribosome biogenesis, translation, and the functions of individual RPs, including mutations in RPs have been linked to a diverse range of human congenital disorders termed ribosomopathies. Ribosomopathies are characterized by tissue-specific phenotypic abnormalities and higher cancer risk later in life. Recent discoveries of somatic mutations in RPs in multiple tumor types reinforce the connections between ribosomal defects and cancer. In this article, we review the most recent advances in understanding the molecular consequences of RP mutations and ribosomal defects in ribosomopathies and cancer. We particularly discuss the molecular basis of the transition from hypo- to hyper-proliferation in ribosomopathies with elevated cancer risk, a paradox termed "Dameshek's riddle." Furthermore, we review the current treatments for ribosomopathies and prospective therapies targeting ribosomal defects. We also highlight recent advances in ribosome stress-based cancer therapeutics. Importantly, insights into the mechanisms of resistance to therapies targeting ribosome biogenesis bring new perspectives into the molecular basis of cancer susceptibility in ribosomopathies and new clinical implications for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Kang
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Natalie Brajanovski
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Keefe T. Chan
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Jiachen Xuan
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Richard B. Pearson
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Elaine Sanij
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1073.50000 0004 0626 201XSt. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC Australia
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13
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Brodie SA, Khincha PP, Giri N, Bouk AJ, Steinberg M, Dai J, Jessop L, Donovan FX, Chandrasekharappa SC, de Andrade KC, Maric I, Ellis SR, Mirabello L, Alter BP, Savage SA. Pathogenic germline IKZF1 variant alters hematopoietic gene expression profiles. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2021; 7:mcs.a006015. [PMID: 34162668 PMCID: PMC8327879 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a006015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
IKZF1 encodes Ikaros, a zinc finger–containing transcription factor crucial to the development of the hematopoietic system. Germline pathogenic variants in IKZF1 have been reported in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia and immunodeficiency syndromes. Diamond–Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare inherited bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by erythroid hypoplasia, associated with a spectrum of congenital anomalies and an elevated risk of certain cancers. DBA is usually caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in genes that function in ribosomal biogenesis; however, in many cases the genetic etiology is unknown. We identified a germline IKZF1 variant, rs757907717 C > T, in identical twins with DBA-like features and autoimmune gastrointestinal disease. rs757907717 C > T results in a p.R381C amino acid change in the IKZF1 Ik-x isoform (p.R423C on isoform Ik-1), which we show is associated with altered global gene expression and perturbation of transcriptional networks involved in hematopoietic system development. These data suggest that this missense substitution caused a DBA-like syndrome in this family because of alterations in hematopoiesis, including dysregulation of networks essential for normal erythropoiesis and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth A Brodie
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 20850, USA
| | - Payal P Khincha
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Neelam Giri
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Aaron J Bouk
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 20850, USA
| | - Mia Steinberg
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 20850, USA
| | - Jieqiong Dai
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 20850, USA
| | - Lea Jessop
- Laboratory of Genetic Susceptibility, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Frank X Donovan
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Settara C Chandrasekharappa
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Kelvin C de Andrade
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Irina Maric
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Steven R Ellis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - Lisa Mirabello
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Blanche P Alter
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Sharon A Savage
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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14
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Taylor AM, Macari ER, Chan IT, Blair MC, Doulatov S, Vo LT, Raiser DM, Siva K, Basak A, Pirouz M, Shah AN, McGrath K, Humphries JM, Stillman E, Alter BP, Calo E, Gregory RI, Sankaran VG, Flygare J, Ebert BL, Zhou Y, Daley GQ, Zon LI. Calmodulin inhibitors improve erythropoiesis in Diamond-Blackfan anemia. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/566/eabb5831. [PMID: 33087503 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb5831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare hematopoietic disease characterized by a block in red cell differentiation. Most DBA cases are caused by mutations in ribosomal proteins and characterized by higher than normal activity of the tumor suppressor p53. Higher p53 activity is thought to contribute to DBA phenotypes by inducing apoptosis during red blood cell differentiation. Currently, there are few therapies available for patients with DBA. We performed a chemical screen using zebrafish ribosomal small subunit protein 29 (rps29) mutant embryos that have a p53-dependent anemia and identified calmodulin inhibitors that rescued the phenotype. Our studies demonstrated that calmodulin inhibitors attenuated p53 protein amount and activity. Treatment with calmodulin inhibitors led to decreased p53 translation and accumulation but does not affect p53 stability. A U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine, rescued hematopoietic phenotypes of DBA models in vivo in zebrafish and mouse models. In addition, trifluoperazine rescued these phenotypes in human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Erythroid differentiation was also improved in CD34+ cells isolated from a patient with DBA. This work uncovers a potential avenue of therapeutic development for patients with DBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Taylor
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Macari
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Iris T Chan
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Megan C Blair
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sergei Doulatov
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Linda T Vo
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David M Raiser
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kavitha Siva
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Anindita Basak
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mehdi Pirouz
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arish N Shah
- MIT Department of Biology and David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Katherine McGrath
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jessica M Humphries
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emma Stillman
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Blanche P Alter
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Eliezer Calo
- MIT Department of Biology and David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Richard I Gregory
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vijay G Sankaran
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Johan Flygare
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Benjamin L Ebert
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yi Zhou
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - George Q Daley
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA. .,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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15
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Dahl M, Warsi S, Liu Y, Debnath S, Billing M, Siva K, Flygare J, Karlsson S. Bone marrow transplantation without myeloablative conditioning in a mouse model for Diamond-Blackfan anemia corrects the disease phenotype. Exp Hematol 2021; 99:44-53.e2. [PMID: 34126174 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a congenital erythroid hypoplasia caused by a functional haploinsufficiency of genes coding for ribosomal proteins. Among these genes, the ribosomal protein S19 (RPS19) gene is the most frequently mutated. Previously, a mouse model deficient in RPS19 was developed by our laboratory, which recapitulates the hematopoietic disease phenotype by manifesting pathologic features and clinical symptoms of DBA. Characterization of this model revealed that chronic RPS19 deficiency leads to exhaustion of hematopoietic stem cells and subsequent bone marrow (BM) failure. In this study, we evaluated a nonmyeloablative conditioning protocol for BM transplants in RPS19-deficient mice by transplanting wild-type BM cells to RPS19-deficient recipients given no conditioning or sublethal doses of irradiation before transplant. We describe full correction of the hematopoietic phenotype in mice given sublethal doses of irradiation, as well as in animals completely devoid of any preceding irradiation. In comparison, wild-type animals receiving the same preconditioning regimen and number of transplanted cells exhibited significantly lower engraftment levels. Thus, robust engraftment and repopulation of transplanted cells can be achieved in reduced-intensity conditioned RPS19-deficient recipients. As gene therapy studies with autologous gene-corrected hematopoietic stem cells are emerging, we propose the results described here can guide determination of the level of conditioning for such a protocol in RPS19-deficient DBA. On the basis of our findings, a relatively mild conditioning strategy would plausibly be sufficient to achieve sufficient levels of engraftment and clinical success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dahl
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sarah Warsi
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yang Liu
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Shubhranshu Debnath
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Matilda Billing
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kavitha Siva
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Flygare
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan Karlsson
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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16
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Komov L, Melamed Kadosh D, Barnea E, Admon A. The Effect of Interferons on Presentation of Defective Ribosomal Products as HLA Peptides. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100105. [PMID: 34087483 PMCID: PMC8724922 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A subset of class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-bound peptides is produced from immature proteins that are rapidly degraded after synthesis. These defective ribosomal products (DRiPs) have been implicated in early alert of the immune system about impending infections. Interferons are important cytokines, produced in response to viral infection, that modulate cellular metabolism and gene expression patterns, increase the presentation of MHC molecules, and induce rapid degradation of proteins and cell-surface presentation of their derived MHC peptides, thereby contributing to the battle against pathogen infections. This study evaluated the role of interferons in the induction of rapid degradation of DRiPs to modulate the repertoire of DRiP-derived MHC peptides. Cultured human breast cancer cells were treated with interferons, and the rates of synthesis and degradation of cellular protein and their degradation products were determined by LC-MS/MS analysis, following the rates of incorporation of heavy stable isotope–labeled amino acids (dynamic stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture, dynamic SILAC) at several time points after the interferon application. Large numbers of MHC peptides that incorporated the heavy amino acids faster than their source proteins indicated that DRiP peptides were abundant in the MHC peptidome; interferon treatment increased by about twofold their relative proportions in the peptidome. Such typical DRiP-derived MHC peptides were from the surplus subunits of the proteasome and ribosome, which are degraded because of the transition to immunoproteasomes and a new composition of ribosomes incorporating protein subunits that are induced by the interferon. We conclude that degradation of surplus subunits induced by the interferon is a major source for DRiP–MHC peptides, a phenomenon relevant to coping with viral infections, where a rapid presentation of MHC peptides derived from excess viral proteins may help alert the immune system about the impending infection. Degradation products of surplus subunits are often presented as HLA peptides. Interferons increase degradation and presentation of such defective products. Dynamic SILAC facilitates identification of such HLA peptides. This cellular pathway provides alert to the immune system about viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liran Komov
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Eilon Barnea
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Arie Admon
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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17
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Lin Y, Song T, Ronde EM, Ma G, Cui H, Xu M. The important role of MDM2, RPL5, and TP53 in mycophenolic acid-induced cleft lip and palate. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26101. [PMID: 34032749 PMCID: PMC8154508 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycophenolate embryopathy (MPE) is a mycophenolic acid (MPA)-induced congenital malformation with distinctive symptoms. Cleft lip/palate (CLP) is one of the most common symptoms of MPE. The aim of this study was to screen and verify hub genes involved in MPA-induced CLP and to explore the potential molecular mechanisms underlying MPE.Overlapping genes related to MPA and CLP were obtained from the GeneCards database. These genes were further analyzed via bioinformatics. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis results were visualized with the Cytoscape ClueGO plug-in. Gene protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed based on data obtained from the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) database.Overall, 58 genes related to MPA and CLP were identified. The genes most relevant to MPA-induced CLP included ABCB1, COL1A1, Rac1, TGFβ1, EDN1, and TP53, as well as the TP53-associated genes MDM2 and RPL5. GO analysis demonstrated gene enrichment regarding such terms as ear, mesenchymal, striated muscle, and ureteric development. KEGG analysis demonstrated gene enrichment in such pathways as the HIF-1 signaling pathway, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis, the TNF signaling pathway, and hematopoietic stem cell development.Bioinformatic analysis was performed on the genes currently known to be associated with MPA-induced CLP pathogenesis. MPA-induced CLP is mediated by multiple ribosome stress related genes and pathways. MDM2, RPL5 and TP53 could be the main contributor in this pathogenesis, along with several other genes. ABCB1 polymorphism could be related to the probability of MPA-induced CLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Lin
- Plastic Surgery Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning
| | - Tao Song
- Plastic Surgery Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Elsa M. Ronde
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gang Ma
- People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning
| | - Huiqin Cui
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Plastic Surgery Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
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18
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Mirabello L, Zhu B, Koster R, Karlins E, Dean M, Yeager M, Gianferante M, Spector LG, Morton LM, Karyadi D, Robison LL, Armstrong GT, Bhatia S, Song L, Pankratz N, Pinheiro M, Gastier-Foster JM, Gorlick R, de Toledo SRC, Petrilli AS, Patino-Garcia A, Lecanda F, Gutierrez-Jimeno M, Serra M, Hattinger C, Picci P, Scotlandi K, Flanagan AM, Tirabosco R, Amary MF, Kurucu N, Ilhan IE, Ballinger ML, Thomas DM, Barkauskas DA, Mejia-Baltodano G, Valverde P, Hicks BD, Zhu B, Wang M, Hutchinson AA, Tucker M, Sampson J, Landi MT, Freedman ND, Gapstur S, Carter B, Hoover RN, Chanock SJ, Savage SA. Frequency of Pathogenic Germline Variants in Cancer-Susceptibility Genes in Patients With Osteosarcoma. JAMA Oncol 2021; 6:724-734. [PMID: 32191290 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Importance Osteosarcoma, the most common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents, occurs in a high number of cancer predisposition syndromes that are defined by highly penetrant germline mutations. The germline genetic susceptibility to osteosarcoma outside of familial cancer syndromes remains unclear. Objective To investigate the germline genetic architecture of 1244 patients with osteosarcoma. Design, Setting, and Participants Whole-exome sequencing (n = 1104) or targeted sequencing (n = 140) of the DNA of 1244 patients with osteosarcoma from 10 participating international centers or studies was conducted from April 21, 2014, to September 1, 2017. The results were compared with the DNA of 1062 individuals without cancer assembled internally from 4 participating studies who underwent comparable whole-exome sequencing and 27 173 individuals of non-Finnish European ancestry who were identified through the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC) database. In the analysis, 238 high-interest cancer-susceptibility genes were assessed followed by testing of the mutational burden across 736 additional candidate genes. Principal component analyses were used to identify 732 European patients with osteosarcoma and 994 European individuals without cancer, with outliers removed for patient-control group comparisons. Patients were subsequently compared with individuals in the ExAC group. All data were analyzed from June 1, 2017, to July 1, 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures The frequency of rare pathogenic or likely pathogenic genetic variants. Results Among 1244 patients with osteosarcoma (mean [SD] age at diagnosis, 16 [8.9] years [range, 2-80 years]; 684 patients [55.0%] were male), an analysis restricted to individuals with European ancestry indicated a significantly higher pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant burden in 238 high-interest cancer-susceptibility genes among patients with osteosarcoma compared with the control group (732 vs 994, respectively; P = 1.3 × 10-18). A pathogenic or likely pathogenic cancer-susceptibility gene variant was identified in 281 of 1004 patients with osteosarcoma (28.0%), of which nearly three-quarters had a variant that mapped to an autosomal-dominant gene or a known osteosarcoma-associated cancer predisposition syndrome gene. The frequency of a pathogenic or likely pathogenic cancer-susceptibility gene variant was 128 of 1062 individuals (12.1%) in the control group and 2527 of 27 173 individuals (9.3%) in the ExAC group. A higher than expected frequency of pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants was observed in genes not previously linked to osteosarcoma (eg, CDKN2A, MEN1, VHL, POT1, APC, MSH2, and ATRX) and in the Li-Fraumeni syndrome-associated gene, TP53. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, approximately one-fourth of patients with osteosarcoma unselected for family history had a highly penetrant germline mutation requiring additional follow-up analysis and possible genetic counseling with cascade testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Mirabello
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bin Zhu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Roelof Koster
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Eric Karlins
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Michael Dean
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Matthew Gianferante
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Logan G Spector
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Lindsay M Morton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Danielle Karyadi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Leslie L Robison
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Gregory T Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Smita Bhatia
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - Lei Song
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Maisa Pinheiro
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Julie M Gastier-Foster
- Department of Pathology and Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Richard Gorlick
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Silvia Regina Caminada de Toledo
- Laboratorio de Genetica, Instituto de Oncologia Pediatrica, Grupo de Apoio ao Adolescente e a Crianca com Cancer/Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio S Petrilli
- Laboratorio de Genetica, Instituto de Oncologia Pediatrica, Grupo de Apoio ao Adolescente e a Crianca com Cancer/Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Patino-Garcia
- Solid Tumor Division, Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic of Navarra and Center for Applied Medical Research, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra, and Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fernando Lecanda
- Solid Tumor Division, Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic of Navarra and Center for Applied Medical Research, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra, and Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miriam Gutierrez-Jimeno
- Solid Tumor Division, Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic of Navarra and Center for Applied Medical Research, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Massimo Serra
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Hattinger
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Piero Picci
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Adrienne M Flanagan
- Research Department of Pathology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom.,Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Tirabosco
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Fernanda Amary
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Nilgün Kurucu
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, A.Y. Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Inci Ergurhan Ilhan
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, A.Y. Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mandy L Ballinger
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David M Thomas
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Donald A Barkauskas
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | | | | | - Belynda D Hicks
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Bin Zhu
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Amy A Hutchinson
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Margaret Tucker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joshua Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maria T Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Susan Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Brian Carter
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sharon A Savage
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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19
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Nagano S, Jinno J, Abdelhamid RF, Jin Y, Shibata M, Watanabe S, Hirokawa S, Nishizawa M, Sakimura K, Onodera O, Okada H, Okada T, Saito Y, Takahashi-Fujigasaki J, Murayama S, Wakatsuki S, Mochizuki H, Araki T. TDP-43 transports ribosomal protein mRNA to regulate axonal local translation in neuronal axons. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 140:695-713. [PMID: 32803350 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mislocalization and abnormal deposition of TDP-43 into the cytoplasm (TDP-43 proteinopathy) is a hallmark in neurons of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). However, the pathogenic mechanism of the diseases linked to TDP-43 is largely unknown. We hypothesized that the failure of mRNA transport to neuronal axons by TDP-43 may contribute to neurodegeneration in ALS and FTLD, and sought to examine the function of TDP-43 by identifying its target mRNA for axonal transport. We found that mRNAs related to translational function including ribosomal proteins (RPs) were decreased by shRNA-based TDP-43 knock-down in neurites of cortical neurons. TDP-43 binds to and transports the RP mRNAs through their 5' untranslated region, which contains a common 5' terminal oligopyrimidine tract motif and a downstream GC-rich region. We showed by employing in vitro and in vivo models that the RP mRNAs were translated and incorporated into native ribosomes locally in axons to maintain functionality of axonal ribosomes, which is required for local protein synthesis in response to stimulation and stress to axons. We also found that RP mRNAs were reduced in the pyramidal tract of sporadic ALS cases harboring TDP-43 pathology. Our results elucidated a novel function of TDP-43 to control transport of RP mRNAs and local translation by ribosomes to maintain morphological integrity of neuronal axons, and proved the influence of this function of TDP-43 on neurodegeneration in ALS and FTLD associated with TDP-43 proteinopathy.
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20
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Reynolds K, Zhang S, Sun B, Garland M, Ji Y, Zhou CJ. Genetics and signaling mechanisms of orofacial clefts. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:1588-1634. [PMID: 32666711 PMCID: PMC7883771 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Craniofacial development involves several complex tissue movements including several fusion processes to form the frontonasal and maxillary structures, including the upper lip and palate. Each of these movements are controlled by many different factors that are tightly regulated by several integral morphogenetic signaling pathways. Subject to both genetic and environmental influences, interruption at nearly any stage can disrupt lip, nasal, or palate fusion and result in a cleft. Here, we discuss many of the genetic risk factors that may contribute to the presentation of orofacial clefts in patients, and several of the key signaling pathways and underlying cellular mechanisms that control lip and palate formation, as identified primarily through investigating equivalent processes in animal models, are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Reynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Michael Garland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Yu Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Chengji J. Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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21
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Venturi G, Montanaro L. How Altered Ribosome Production Can Cause or Contribute to Human Disease: The Spectrum of Ribosomopathies. Cells 2020; 9:E2300. [PMID: 33076379 PMCID: PMC7602531 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of different defects in the process of ribosome production can lead to a diversified spectrum of disorders that are collectively identified as ribosomopathies. The specific factors involved may either play a role only in ribosome biogenesis or have additional extra-ribosomal functions, making it difficult to ascribe the pathogenesis of the disease specifically to an altered ribosome biogenesis, even if the latter is clearly affected. We reviewed the available literature in the field from this point of view with the aim of distinguishing, among ribosomopathies, the ones due to specific alterations in the process of ribosome production from those characterized by a multifactorial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Venturi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Montanaro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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22
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Ribosomopathies: New Therapeutic Perspectives. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092080. [PMID: 32932838 PMCID: PMC7564184 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomopathies are a group of rare diseases in which genetic mutations cause defects in either ribosome biogenesis or function, given specific phenotypes. Ribosomal proteins, and multiple other factors that are necessary for ribosome biogenesis (rRNA processing, assembly of subunits, export to cytoplasm), can be affected in ribosomopathies. Despite the need for ribosomes in all cell types, these diseases result mainly in tissue-specific impairments. Depending on the type of ribosomopathy and its pathogenicity, there are many potential therapeutic targets. The present manuscript will review our knowledge of ribosomopathies, discuss current treatments, and introduce the new therapeutic perspectives based on recent research. Diamond–Blackfan anemia, currently treated with blood transfusion prior to steroids, could be managed with a range of new compounds, acting mainly on anemia, such as L-leucine. Treacher Collins syndrome could be managed by various treatments, but it has recently been shown that proteasomal inhibition by MG132 or Bortezomib may improve cranial skeleton malformations. Developmental defects resulting from ribosomopathies could be also treated pharmacologically after birth. It might thus be possible to treat certain ribosomopathies without using multiple treatments such as surgery and transplants. Ribosomopathies remain an open field in the search for new therapeutic approaches based on our recent understanding of the role of ribosomes and progress in gene therapy for curing genetic disorders.
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23
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Da Costa L, Leblanc T, Mohandas N. Diamond-Blackfan anemia. Blood 2020; 136:1262-1273. [PMID: 32702755 PMCID: PMC7483438 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) was the first ribosomopathy described and is a constitutional inherited bone marrow failure syndrome. Erythroblastopenia is the major characteristic of the disease, which is a model for ribosomal diseases, related to a heterozygous allelic variation in 1 of the 20 ribosomal protein genes of either the small or large ribosomal subunit. The salient feature of classical DBA is a defect in ribosomal RNA maturation that generates nucleolar stress, leading to stabilization of p53 and activation of its targets, resulting in cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Although activation of p53 may not explain all aspects of DBA erythroid tropism, involvement of GATA1/HSP70 and globin/heme imbalance, with an excess of the toxic free heme leading to reactive oxygen species production, account for defective erythropoiesis in DBA. Despite significant progress in defining the molecular basis of DBA and increased understanding of the mechanistic basis for DBA pathophysiology, progress in developing new therapeutic options has been limited. However, recent advances in gene therapy, better outcomes with stem cell transplantation, and discoveries of putative new drugs through systematic drug screening using large chemical libraries provide hope for improvement.
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MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics
- Adenosine Deaminase/blood
- Adenosine Deaminase/genetics
- Anemia, Diamond-Blackfan/diagnosis
- Anemia, Diamond-Blackfan/genetics
- Anemia, Diamond-Blackfan/metabolism
- Anemia, Diamond-Blackfan/therapy
- Child, Preschool
- Congenital Abnormalities/genetics
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Disease Management
- Drug Resistance
- Erythrocytes/enzymology
- Fetal Growth Retardation/etiology
- GATA1 Transcription Factor/genetics
- GATA1 Transcription Factor/physiology
- Genetic Heterogeneity
- Genetic Therapy
- Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use
- HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/blood
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Models, Biological
- Mutation
- Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary/genetics
- Ribosomal Proteins/genetics
- Ribosomal Proteins/physiology
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Da Costa
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- U1134, Université Paris, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Leblanc
- Service d'Immuno-Hématologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Robert-Debré, AP-HP, Paris, France; and
| | - Narla Mohandas
- Laboratory of Red Cell Physiology, New York Blood Center, New York, NY
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24
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Tyagi A, Gupta A, Dutta A, Potluri P, Batti B. A Review of Diamond-Blackfan Anemia: Current Evidence on Involved Genes and Treatment Modalities. Cureus 2020; 12:e10019. [PMID: 32983714 PMCID: PMC7515741 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a congenital cause of bone marrow failure predominantly involving the erythroid cell line, with occasional impact on other cell lines. In the vast majority of cases, it is diagnosed by one year of age. We looked at the existing literature on the disease presentation along with established as well as upcoming treatment options. Numerous genes have been identified and extensively studied in the context of their part in the pathogenesis of DBA. Treatment revolves around the use of steroids and regular blood transfusions, with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation reserved for steroid-resistant cases. Newer modalities such as gene therapy, l-leucine, sotatercept, trifluoperazine, SMER28, and danazol are also concisely discussed. The purpose of this article is to review the previous literature on DBA and weigh the role of newer therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshika Tyagi
- Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, IND
| | - Apurv Gupta
- Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, IND
| | | | - Pooja Potluri
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum, IND
| | - Badie Batti
- Medicine, Alkindi Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, IRQ
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25
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Peltomäki P, Olkinuora A, Nieminen TT. Updates in the field of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 14:707-720. [PMID: 32755332 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2020.1782187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Up to one third of colorectal cancers show familial clustering and 5% are hereditary single-gene disorders. Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer comprises DNA mismatch repair-deficient and -proficient subsets, represented by Lynch syndrome (LS) and familial colorectal cancer type X (FCCTX), respectively. Accurate knowledge of molecular etiology and genotype-phenotype correlations are critical for tailored cancer prevention and treatment. AREAS COVERED The authors highlight advances in the molecular dissection of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer, based on recent literature retrieved from PubMed. Future possibilities for novel gene discoveries are discussed. EXPERT COMMENTARY LS is molecularly well established, but new information is accumulating of the associated clinical and tumor phenotypes. FCCTX remains poorly defined, but several promising candidate genes have been discovered and share some preferential biological pathways. Multi-level characterization of specimens from large patient cohorts representing multiple populations, combined with proper bioinformatic and functional analyses, will be necessary to resolve the outstanding questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paivi Peltomäki
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alisa Olkinuora
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina T Nieminen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
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26
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Lezzerini M, Penzo M, O'Donohue MF, Marques Dos Santos Vieira C, Saby M, Elfrink HL, Diets IJ, Hesse AM, Couté Y, Gastou M, Nin-Velez A, Nikkels PGJ, Olson AN, Zonneveld-Huijssoon E, Jongmans MCJ, Zhang G, van Weeghel M, Houtkooper RH, Wlodarski MW, Kuiper RP, Bierings MB, van der Werff Ten Bosch J, Leblanc T, Montanaro L, Dinman JD, Da Costa L, Gleizes PE, MacInnes AW. Ribosomal protein gene RPL9 variants can differentially impair ribosome function and cellular metabolism. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:770-787. [PMID: 31799629 PMCID: PMC6954397 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Variants in ribosomal protein (RP) genes drive Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA), a bone marrow failure syndrome that can also predispose individuals to cancer. Inherited and sporadic RP gene variants are also linked to a variety of phenotypes, including malignancy, in individuals with no anemia. Here we report an individual diagnosed with DBA carrying a variant in the 5′UTR of RPL9 (uL6). Additionally, we report two individuals from a family with multiple cancer incidences carrying a RPL9 missense variant. Analysis of cells from these individuals reveals that despite the variants both driving pre-rRNA processing defects and 80S monosome reduction, the downstream effects are remarkably different. Cells carrying the 5′UTR variant stabilize TP53 and impair the growth and differentiation of erythroid cells. In contrast, ribosomes incorporating the missense variant erroneously read through UAG and UGA stop codons of mRNAs. Metabolic profiles of cells carrying the 5′UTR variant reveal an increased metabolism of amino acids and a switch from glycolysis to gluconeogenesis while those of cells carrying the missense variant reveal a depletion of nucleotide pools. These findings indicate that variants in the same RP gene can drive similar ribosome biogenesis defects yet still have markedly different downstream consequences and clinical impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Lezzerini
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marianna Penzo
- Laboratorio di Patologia Clinica, Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale and Centro di Ricerca Biomedica Applicata (CRBA), Policlinico Universitario di S. Orsola, Università di Bologna,Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marie-Françoise O'Donohue
- LBME, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Manon Saby
- INSERM UMR S1134, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Hyung L Elfrink
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Illja J Diets
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie Hesse
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, IRIG, BGE, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Yohann Couté
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, IRIG, BGE, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marc Gastou
- Paris University, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Excellence for Red Cell, LABEX GR-Ex, F-75015, Paris, France.,Institute Gustave Roussy, Inserm unit U1170, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Alexandra Nin-Velez
- Department of Comparative Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Peter G J Nikkels
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra N Olson
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Evelien Zonneveld-Huijssoon
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn C J Jongmans
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology and Utrecht University Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - GuangJun Zhang
- Department of Comparative Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Michel van Weeghel
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcin W Wlodarski
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany.,St. Jude's Children Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Roland P Kuiper
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc B Bierings
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology and Utrecht University Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Thierry Leblanc
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Service, Robert Debré Hospital, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Montanaro
- Laboratorio di Patologia Clinica, Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale and Centro di Ricerca Biomedica Applicata (CRBA), Policlinico Universitario di S. Orsola, Università di Bologna,Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jonathan D Dinman
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Lydie Da Costa
- INSERM UMR S1134, F-75015, Paris, France.,Paris University, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Excellence for Red Cell, LABEX GR-Ex, F-75015, Paris, France.,Hematology Lab, Robert Debré Hospital, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Gleizes
- LBME, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Alyson W MacInnes
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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27
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Abnormal development of zebrafish after knockout and knockdown of ribosomal protein L10a. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18130. [PMID: 31792295 PMCID: PMC6889351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54544-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, to investigate the secondary function of Rpl10a in zebrafish development, morpholino antisense oligonucleotides (MOs) were used to knock down the zebrafish ribosomal protein L10a (rpl10a). At 25 hpf (hours post-fertilization), embryos injected with the rpl10a MO showed an abnormal morphology, including short bodies, curved tails, and small yolk sac extensions. We observed pigment reductions, edema, larger yolk sacs, smaller eyes and smaller yolk sac extensions at 50 hpf. In addition, reductions in the expression of primordial germ cell (PGC) marker genes (nanos1 and vasa) were observed in rpl10a knockdown embryos. A rescue experiment using a rpl10a mRNA co-injection showed the recovery of the morphology and red blood cell production similar to wild-type. Moreover, the CRISPR-Cas9 system was used to edit the sequence of rpl10a exon 5, resulting in a homozygous 5-bp deletion in the zebrafish genome. The mutant embryos displayed a morphology similar to that of the knockdown animals. Furthermore, the loss of rpl10a function led to reduced expression of gata1, hbae3, and hbbe1 (erythroid synthesis) and increased tp53 expression. Overall, the results suggested that Rpl10a deficiency caused delays in embryonic development, as well as apoptosis and anemia, in zebrafish.
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28
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Nürenberg-Goloub E, Tampé R. Ribosome recycling in mRNA translation, quality control, and homeostasis. Biol Chem 2019; 401:47-61. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Protein biosynthesis is a conserved process, essential for life. Ongoing research for four decades has revealed the structural basis and mechanistic details of most protein biosynthesis steps. Numerous pathways and their regulation have recently been added to the translation system describing protein quality control and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) surveillance, ribosome-associated protein folding and post-translational modification as well as human disorders associated with mRNA and ribosome homeostasis. Thus, translation constitutes a key regulatory process placing the ribosome as a central hub at the crossover of numerous cellular pathways. Here, we describe the role of ribosome recycling by ATP-binding cassette sub-family E member 1 (ABCE1) as a crucial regulatory step controlling the biogenesis of functional proteins and the degradation of aberrant nascent chains in quality control processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Nürenberg-Goloub
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Str. 9 , D-60438 Frankfurt/Main , Germany
| | - Robert Tampé
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Str. 9 , D-60438 Frankfurt/Main , Germany
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29
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Aspesi A, Borsotti C, Follenzi A. Emerging Therapeutic Approaches for Diamond Blackfan Anemia. Curr Gene Ther 2019; 18:327-335. [PMID: 30411682 PMCID: PMC6637096 DOI: 10.2174/1566523218666181109124538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is an inherited erythroid aplasia with onset in childhood. Patients carry heterozygous mutations in one of 19 Ribosomal Protein (RP) genes, that lead to defective ribosome biogenesis and function. Standard treatments include steroids or blood transfusions but the only definitive cure is allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT). Although advances in HSCT have greatly improved the success rate over the last years, the risk of adverse events and mor-tality is still significant. Clinical trials employing gene therapy are now in progress for a variety of monogenic diseases and the development of innovative stem cell-based strategies may open new alternatives for DBA treatment as well. In this review, we summarize the most recent progress toward the implementation of new thera-peutic approaches for this disorder. We present different DNA- and RNA-based technologies as well as new candidate pharmacological treatments and discuss their relevance and potential applicability for the cure of DBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aspesi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Borsotti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy
| | - Antonia Follenzi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy
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30
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Sirri V, Grob A, Berthelet J, Jourdan N, Roussel P. Sirtuin 7 promotes 45S pre-rRNA cleavage at site 2 and determines the processing pathway. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs228601. [PMID: 31331964 PMCID: PMC6771141 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.228601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, ribosome biogenesis mainly occurs in nucleoli following two alternative pre-rRNA processing pathways differing in the order in which cleavages take place but not by the sites of cleavage. To uncover the role of the nucleolar NAD+-dependent deacetylase sirtuin 7 in the synthesis of ribosomal subunits, pre-rRNA processing was analyzed after sirtinol-mediated inhibition of sirtuin 7 activity or depletion of sirtuin 7 protein. We thus reveal that sirtuin 7 activity is a critical regulator of processing of 45S, 32S and 30S pre-rRNAs. Sirtuin 7 protein is primarily essential to 45S pre-rRNA cleavage at site 2, which is the first step of processing pathway 2. Furthermore, we demonstrate that sirtuin 7 physically interacts with Nop56 and the GAR domain of fibrillarin, and propose that this could interfere with fibrillarin-dependent cleavage. Sirtuin 7 depletion results in the accumulation of 5' extended forms of 32S pre-rRNA, and also influences the localization of fibrillarin. Thus, we establish a close relationship between sirtuin 7 and fibrillarin, which might determine the processing pathway used for ribosome biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Sirri
- Université de Paris, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251, CNRS, 4 rue Marie-Andrée Lagroua Weill-Hallé, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Alice Grob
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, England, UK
| | - Jérémy Berthelet
- Université de Paris, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251, CNRS, 4 rue Marie-Andrée Lagroua Weill-Hallé, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Jourdan
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR 8256, CNRS, 9 quai St Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Roussel
- Université de Paris, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251, CNRS, 4 rue Marie-Andrée Lagroua Weill-Hallé, F-75013 Paris, France
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31
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Tahmasebi S, Khoutorsky A, Mathews MB, Sonenberg N. Translation deregulation in human disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 19:791-807. [PMID: 30038383 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-018-0034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Advances in sequencing and high-throughput techniques have provided an unprecedented opportunity to interrogate human diseases on a genome-wide scale. The list of disease-causing mutations is expanding rapidly, and mutations affecting mRNA translation are no exception. Translation (protein synthesis) is one of the most complex processes in the cell. The orchestrated action of ribosomes, tRNAs and numerous translation factors decodes the information contained in mRNA into a polypeptide chain. The intricate nature of this process renders it susceptible to deregulation at multiple levels. In this Review, we summarize current evidence of translation deregulation in human diseases other than cancer. We discuss translation-related diseases on the basis of the molecular aberration that underpins their pathogenesis (including tRNA dysfunction, ribosomopathies, deregulation of the integrated stress response and deregulation of the mTOR pathway) and describe how deregulation of translation generates the phenotypic variability observed in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroush Tahmasebi
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Arkady Khoutorsky
- Department of Anesthesia and Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Michael B Mathews
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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32
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Genuth NR, Barna M. Heterogeneity and specialized functions of translation machinery: from genes to organisms. Nat Rev Genet 2019; 19:431-452. [PMID: 29725087 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-018-0008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of mRNA translation offers the opportunity to diversify the expression and abundance of proteins made from individual gene products in cells, tissues and organisms. Emerging evidence has highlighted variation in the composition and activity of several large, highly conserved translation complexes as a means to differentially control gene expression. Heterogeneity and specialized functions of individual components of the ribosome and of the translation initiation factor complexes eIF3 and eIF4F, which are required for recruitment of the ribosome to the mRNA 5' untranslated region, have been identified. In this Review, we summarize the evidence for selective mRNA translation by components of these macromolecular complexes as a means to dynamically control the translation of the proteome in time and space. We further discuss the implications of this form of gene expression regulation for a growing number of human genetic disorders associated with mutations in the translation machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi R Genuth
- Departments of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maria Barna
- Departments of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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33
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Shi X, Huang X, Zhang Y, Cui X. Identification of a novel RPS26 nonsense mutation in a Chinese Diamond-Blackfan Anemia patient. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 20:120. [PMID: 31277601 PMCID: PMC6612111 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0848-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA), a congenital pure red cell aplasia (PRCA), is characterized by normochromic macrocytic anemia, reticulocytopenia, and nearly absent erythroid progenitors in the bone marrow. DBA10, a subset of DBA, is an autosomal dominant disease caused by a mutation in RPS26. So far, there are 30 disease-causing variants in RPS26 being reported, however, only three of them are small insert mutations. Case presentation Here we report a three-month Chinese boy who presents with anemia from postnatal day 2. He was suspected to have Diamond-Blackfan anemia, according to the clinical result. Thus, whole-exome sequencing was performed for precise diagnosis. Conclusion Here, a novel insert mutation c.96dupG in RPS26 was identified by whole-exome sequencing, which caused neonatal DBA in a Chinese boy. This is the first case report of a Chinese DBA10 patient who carries a small insertion in the RPS26 gene. These findings expand the mutation diversity of RPS26 and demonstrate the clinical presentations of the Chinese DBA10 patient. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12881-019-0848-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Shi
- Department of Haematology, Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolan Huang
- Department of Key Laboratory, Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Key Laboratory, Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodai Cui
- Department of Key Laboratory, Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Beijing, China.
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34
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Nandakumar SK, McFarland SK, Mateyka LM, Lareau CA, Ulirsch JC, Ludwig LS, Agarwal G, Engreitz JM, Przychodzen B, McConkey M, Cowley GS, Doench JG, Maciejewski JP, Ebert BL, Root DE, Sankaran VG. Gene-centric functional dissection of human genetic variation uncovers regulators of hematopoiesis. eLife 2019; 8:44080. [PMID: 31070582 PMCID: PMC6534380 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified thousands of variants associated with human diseases and traits. However, the majority of GWAS-implicated variants are in non-coding regions of the genome and require in depth follow-up to identify target genes and decipher biological mechanisms. Here, rather than focusing on causal variants, we have undertaken a pooled loss-of-function screen in primary hematopoietic cells to interrogate 389 candidate genes contained in 75 loci associated with red blood cell traits. Using this approach, we identify 77 genes at 38 GWAS loci, with most loci harboring 1-2 candidate genes. Importantly, the hit set was strongly enriched for genes validated through orthogonal genetic approaches. Genes identified by this approach are enriched in specific and relevant biological pathways, allowing regulators of human erythropoiesis and modifiers of blood diseases to be defined. More generally, this functional screen provides a paradigm for gene-centric follow up of GWAS for a variety of human diseases and traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish K Nandakumar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Sean K McFarland
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Laura M Mateyka
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States.,Biochemistry Center (BZH), Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caleb A Lareau
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States.,Program in Biological and Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Jacob C Ulirsch
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States.,Program in Biological and Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Leif S Ludwig
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Gaurav Agarwal
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States.,University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - Jesse M Engreitz
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States.,Harvard Society of Fellows, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Bartlomiej Przychodzen
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, United States
| | - Marie McConkey
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Glenn S Cowley
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Jaroslaw P Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, United States
| | - Benjamin L Ebert
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States.,Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, United States
| | - David E Root
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Vijay G Sankaran
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
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35
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Engidaye G, Melku M, Enawgaw B. Diamond Blackfan Anemia: Genetics, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment. EJIFCC 2019; 30:67-81. [PMID: 30881276 PMCID: PMC6416817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Diamond Blackfan Anaemia (DBA) is a sporadic inherited anemia with broad spectrum of anomalies that are presented soon after delivery. It is inherited mainly in autosomal dominant inheritance manner and caused by mutations and deletions in either large or small ribosomal protein genes that results in an imbalance between the biosynthesis of rRNA and ribosomal proteins, eventually the activation and stabilization of p53. Diagnosing DBA is usually problematic due to a partial phenotype and its wide inconsistency in its clinical expression; however, molecular studies have identified a heterozygous mutated gene in up to 50% of the DBA cases and corticosteroid drugs are the backbone treatment options of DBA. Anomalies in bone marrow function in DBA cases are broadly associated with both congenital and acquired bone marrow failure syndromes in human. In this review different literatures were searched in Medline (eg. PubMed, PMC, Hinari, Google scholar), OMIM, EMBASE by using search engines (Google, Yahoo, Baidu Ask.com) and searching was performed by using search key words (DBA, ribosomopathies, Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes, pure red cell aplasia). Only human studies were included. This review is summarizing the current understandings of DBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getabalew Engidaye
- Amhara Regional State Debre Berhan Health Science College, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia, Department of Hematology & Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Melku
- Department of Hematology & Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Bamlaku Enawgaw
- Department of Hematology & Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Ethiopia,Corresponding author: Bamlaku Enawgaw Department of Hematology & Immunohematology School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences College of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Gondar Ethiopia E-mail:
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36
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Noronha SA. Aplastic and Hypoplastic Anemias. Pediatr Rev 2018; 39:601-611. [PMID: 30504252 DOI: 10.1542/pir.2017-0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suzie A Noronha
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
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37
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Roberti D, Conforti R, Giugliano T, Brogna B, Tartaglione I, Casale M, Piluso G, Perrotta S. A Novel 12q13.2-q13.3 Microdeletion Syndrome With Combined Features of Diamond Blackfan Anemia, Pierre Robin Sequence and Klippel Feil Deformity. Front Genet 2018; 9:549. [PMID: 30524470 PMCID: PMC6262175 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare congenital erythroid aplasia with a highly heterogeneous genetic background; it usually occurs in infancy. Approximately 30–40% of patients have other associated congenital anomalies; in particular, facial anomalies, such as cleft palate, are part of about 10% of the DBA clinical presentations. Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) is a heterogeneous condition, defined by the presence of the triad of glossoptosis, micrognathia and cleft palate; it occurs in 1/8500 to 1/14,000 births. Klippel Feil (KF) syndrome is a complex of both osseous and visceral anomalies, characterized mainly by congenital development defects of the cervical spine. We describe the case of a 22-years-old woman affected by DBA, carrying a de novo deletion about 500 Kb-long at 12q13.2-q13.3 that included RPS26 and, at least, others 25 flanking genes. The patient showed craniofacial anomalies due to PRS and suffered for KF deformities (type II). Computed Tomography study of cranio-cervical junction (CCJ) drew out severe bone malformations and congenital anomalies as atlanto-occipital assimilation (AOA), arcuate foramen and occipito-condylar hyperplasia. Foramen magnum was severely reduced. Atlanto-axial instability (AAI) was linked to atlanto-occipital assimilation, congenital vertebral fusion and occipito-condyle bone hyperplasia. Basilar invagination and platybasia were ruled out on CT and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) studies. Furthermore, the temporal Bone CT study showed anomalies of external auditory canals, absent mastoid pneumatization, chronic middle ear otitis and abnormal course of the facial nerve bones canal. The described phenotype might be related to the peculiar deletion affecting the patient, highlighting that genes involved in the in the breakdown of extracellular matrix (MMP19), in cell cycle regulation (CDK2), vesicular trafficking (RAB5B), in ribonucleoprotein complexes formation (ZC3H10) and muscles function (MYL6 and MYL6B) could be potentially related to bone-developmental disorders. Moreover, it points out that multiple associated ribosomal deficits might play a role in DBA-related phenotypes, considering the simultaneous deletion of three of them in the index case (RPS26, PA2G4 and RPL41), and it confirms the association among SLC39A5 functional disruption and severe myopia. This report highlights the need for a careful genetic evaluation and a detailed phenotype-genotype correlation in each complex malformative syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Roberti
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" Naples, Italy
| | - Renata Conforti
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Giugliano
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Brogna
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Tartaglione
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" Naples, Italy
| | - Maddalena Casale
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" Naples, Italy
| | - Giulio Piluso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Silverio Perrotta
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" Naples, Italy
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Cerezo E, Plisson-Chastang C, Henras AK, Lebaron S, Gleizes PE, O'Donohue MF, Romeo Y, Henry Y. Maturation of pre-40S particles in yeast and humans. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2018; 10:e1516. [PMID: 30406965 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of ribosomal subunits in eukaryotes requires the interplay of numerous maturation and assembly factors (AFs) that intervene in the insertion of ribosomal proteins within pre-ribosomal particles, the ribosomal subunit precursors, as well as in pre-ribosomal RNA (rRNA) processing and folding. Here, we review the intricate nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation steps of pre-40S particles, the precursors to the small ribosomal subunits, in both yeast and human cells, with particular emphasis on the timing and mechanisms of AF association with and dissociation from pre-40S particles and the roles of these AFs in the maturation process. We highlight the particularly complex pre-rRNA processing pathway in human cells, compared to yeast, to generate the mature 18S rRNA. We discuss the information gained from the recently published cryo-electron microscopy atomic models of yeast and human pre-40S particles, as well as the checkpoint/quality control systems that seem to operate to probe functional sites within yeast cytoplasmic pre-40S particles. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > rRNA Processing Translation > Ribosome Biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Cerezo
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Célia Plisson-Chastang
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Anthony K Henras
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Simon Lebaron
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Gleizes
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Françoise O'Donohue
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Romeo
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Henry
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Aubert M, O'Donohue MF, Lebaron S, Gleizes PE. Pre-Ribosomal RNA Processing in Human Cells: From Mechanisms to Congenital Diseases. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8040123. [PMID: 30356013 PMCID: PMC6315592 DOI: 10.3390/biom8040123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal RNAs, the most abundant cellular RNA species, have evolved as the structural scaffold and the catalytic center of protein synthesis in every living organism. In eukaryotes, they are produced from a long primary transcript through an intricate sequence of processing steps that include RNA cleavage and folding and nucleotide modification. The mechanisms underlying this process in human cells have long been investigated, but technological advances have accelerated their study in the past decade. In addition, the association of congenital diseases to defects in ribosome synthesis has highlighted the central place of ribosomal RNA maturation in cell physiology regulation and broadened the interest in these mechanisms. Here, we give an overview of the current knowledge of pre-ribosomal RNA processing in human cells in light of recent progress and discuss how dysfunction of this pathway may contribute to the physiopathology of congenital diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Aubert
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France.
| | - Marie-Françoise O'Donohue
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France.
| | - Simon Lebaron
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France.
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Gleizes
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France.
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40
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Griffin JN, Sondalle SB, Robson A, Mis EK, Griffin G, Kulkarni SS, Deniz E, Baserga SJ, Khokha MK. RPSA, a candidate gene for isolated congenital asplenia, is required for pre-rRNA processing and spleen formation in Xenopus. Development 2018; 145:145/20/dev166181. [PMID: 30337486 DOI: 10.1242/dev.166181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of tissue-specific inherited disorders are associated with impaired ribosome production, despite the universal requirement for ribosome function. Recently, mutations in RPSA, a protein component of the small ribosomal subunit, were discovered to underlie approximately half of all isolated congenital asplenia cases. However, the mechanisms by which mutations in this ribosome biogenesis factor lead specifically to spleen agenesis remain unknown, in part due to the lack of a suitable animal model for study. Here we reveal that RPSA is required for normal spleen development in the frog, Xenopus tropicalis Depletion of Rpsa in early embryonic development disrupts pre-rRNA processing and ribosome biogenesis, and impairs expression of the key spleen patterning genes nkx2-5, bapx1 and pod1 in the spleen anlage. Importantly, we also show that whereas injection of human RPSA mRNA can rescue both pre-rRNA processing and spleen patterning, injection of human mRNA bearing a common disease-associated mutation cannot. Together, we present the first animal model of RPSA-mediated asplenia and reveal a crucial requirement for RPSA in pre-rRNA processing and molecular patterning during early Xenopus development.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Griffin
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Samuel B Sondalle
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Andrew Robson
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Emily K Mis
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Gerald Griffin
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Saurabh S Kulkarni
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Engin Deniz
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Susan J Baserga
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA .,Departments of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, and Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Mustafa K Khokha
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA .,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
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41
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Rissone A, Burgess SM. Rare Genetic Blood Disease Modeling in Zebrafish. Front Genet 2018; 9:348. [PMID: 30233640 PMCID: PMC6127601 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis results in the correct formation of all the different blood cell types. In mammals, it starts from specific hematopoietic stem and precursor cells residing in the bone marrow. Mature blood cells are responsible for supplying oxygen to every cell of the organism and for the protection against pathogens. Therefore, inherited or de novo genetic mutations affecting blood cell formation or the regulation of their activity are responsible for numerous diseases including anemia, immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, hyper- or hypo-inflammation, and cancer. By definition, an animal disease model is an analogous version of a specific clinical condition developed by researchers to gain information about its pathophysiology. Among all the model species used in comparative medicine, mice continue to be the most common and accepted model for biomedical research. However, because of the complexity of human diseases and the intrinsic differences between humans and other species, the use of several models (possibly in distinct species) can often be more helpful and informative than the use of a single model. In recent decades, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become increasingly popular among researchers, because it represents an inexpensive alternative compared to mammalian models, such as mice. Numerous advantages make it an excellent animal model to be used in genetic studies and in particular in modeling human blood diseases. Comparing zebrafish hematopoiesis to mammals, it is highly conserved with few, significant differences. In addition, the zebrafish model has a high-quality, complete genomic sequence available that shows a high level of evolutionary conservation with the human genome, empowering genetic and genomic approaches. Moreover, the external fertilization, the high fecundity and the transparency of their embryos facilitate rapid, in vivo analysis of phenotypes. In addition, the ability to manipulate its genome using the last genome editing technologies, provides powerful tools for developing new disease models and understanding the pathophysiology of human disorders. This review provides an overview of the different approaches and techniques that can be used to model genetic diseases in zebrafish, discussing how this animal model has contributed to the understanding of genetic diseases, with a specific focus on the blood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Rissone
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shawn M Burgess
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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42
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Abstract
Diamond–Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare congenital hypoplastic anemia characterized by a block in erythropoiesis at the progenitor stage, although the exact stage at which this occurs remains to be fully defined. DBA presents primarily during infancy with macrocytic anemia and reticulocytopenia with 50% of cases associated with a variety of congenital malformations. DBA is most frequently due to a sporadic mutation (55%) in genes encoding several different ribosomal proteins, although there are many cases where there is a family history of the disease with varying phenotypes. The erythroid tropism of the disease is still a matter of debate for a disease related to a defect in global ribosome biogenesis. Assessment of biological features in conjunction with genetic testing has increased the accuracy of the diagnosis of DBA. However, in certain cases, it continues to be difficult to firmly establish a diagnosis. This review will focus on the diagnosis of DBA along with a description of new advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment recommendations for DBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Da Costa
- Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot-Sorbonne, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hematology laboratory, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR1134, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Excellence for Red Cell, LABEX GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Anupama Narla
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
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43
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Aspesi A, Betti M, Sculco M, Actis C, Olgasi C, Wlodarski MW, Vlachos A, Lipton JM, Ramenghi U, Santoro C, Follenzi A, Ellis SR, Dianzani I. A functional assay for the clinical annotation of genetic variants of uncertain significance in Diamond-Blackfan anemia. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:1102-1111. [PMID: 29766597 PMCID: PMC6055729 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare genetic hypoplasia of erythroid progenitors characterized by mild to severe anemia and associated with congenital malformations. Clinical manifestations in DBA patients are quite variable and genetic testing has become a critical factor in establishing a diagnosis of DBA. The majority of DBA cases are due to heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in ribosomal protein (RP) genes. Causative mutations are fairly straightforward to identify in the case of large deletions and frameshift and nonsense mutations found early in a protein coding sequence, but diagnosis becomes more challenging in the case of missense mutations and small in-frame indels. Our group recently characterized the phenotype of lymphoblastoid cell lines established from DBA patients with pathogenic lesions in RPS19 and observed that defective pre-rRNA processing, a hallmark of the disease, was rescued by lentiviral vectors expressing wild-type RPS19. Here, we use this complementation assay to determine whether RPS19 variants of unknown significance are capable of rescuing pre-rRNA processing defects in these lymphoblastoid cells as a means of assessing the effects of these sequence changes on the function of the RPS19 protein. This approach will be useful in differentiating pathogenic mutations from benign polymorphisms in identifying causative genes in DBA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aspesi
- Department of Health SciencesUniversità del Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly
| | - Marta Betti
- Department of Health SciencesUniversità del Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly
| | - Marika Sculco
- Department of Health SciencesUniversità del Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly
| | - Chiara Actis
- Department of Health SciencesUniversità del Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly
| | - Cristina Olgasi
- Department of Health SciencesUniversità del Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly
| | - Marcin W. Wlodarski
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Adrianna Vlachos
- Feinstein Institute for Medical ResearchManhassetNew York
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell TransplantationCohen Children's Medical Center of New YorkNew Hyde ParkNew York
| | - Jeffrey M. Lipton
- Feinstein Institute for Medical ResearchManhassetNew York
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell TransplantationCohen Children's Medical Center of New YorkNew Hyde ParkNew York
| | - Ugo Ramenghi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Claudio Santoro
- Department of Health SciencesUniversità del Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly
| | - Antonia Follenzi
- Department of Health SciencesUniversità del Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly
| | - Steven R. Ellis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKentucky
| | - Irma Dianzani
- Department of Health SciencesUniversità del Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly
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44
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Wlodarski MW, Da Costa L, O'Donohue MF, Gastou M, Karboul N, Montel-Lehry N, Hainmann I, Danda D, Szvetnik A, Pastor V, Paolini N, di Summa FM, Tamary H, Quider AA, Aspesi A, Houtkooper RH, Leblanc T, Niemeyer CM, Gleizes PE, MacInnes AW. Recurring mutations in RPL15 are linked to hydrops fetalis and treatment independence in Diamond-Blackfan anemia. Haematologica 2018; 103:949-958. [PMID: 29599205 PMCID: PMC6058779 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.177980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare inherited bone marrow failure disorder linked predominantly to ribosomal protein gene mutations. Here the European DBA consortium reports novel mutations identified in the RPL15 gene in 6 unrelated individuals diagnosed with DBA. Although point mutations have not been previously reported for RPL15, we identified 4 individuals with truncating mutations p.Tyr81* (in 3 of 4) and p.Gln29*, and 2 with missense variants p.Leu10Pro and p.Lys153Thr. Notably, 75% (3 of 4) of truncating mutation carriers manifested with severe hydrops fetalis and required intrauterine transfusions. Even more remarkable is the observation that the 3 carriers of p.Tyr81* mutation became treatment-independent between four and 16 months of life and maintained normal blood counts until their last follow up. Genetic reversion at the DNA level as a potential mechanism of remission was not observed in our patients. In vitro studies revealed that cells carrying RPL15 mutations have pre-rRNA processing defects, reduced 60S ribosomal subunit formation, and severe proliferation defects. Red cell culture assays of RPL15-mutated primary erythroblast cells also showed a severe reduction in cell proliferation, delayed erythroid differentiation, elevated TP53 activity, and increased apoptosis. This study identifies a novel subgroup of DBA with mutations in the RPL15 gene with an unexpected high rate of hydrops fetalis and spontaneous, long-lasting remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin W Wlodarski
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lydie Da Costa
- University Paris VII Denis Diderot, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Excellence for Red Cell, LABEX GR-Ex, Paris, France
- Inserm Unit 1149, CRI, Paris, France
- Hematology Laboratory, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Marc Gastou
- University Paris VII Denis Diderot, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Excellence for Red Cell, LABEX GR-Ex, Paris, France
- UMR1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Narjesse Karboul
- University Paris VII Denis Diderot, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
- Inserm Unit 1149, CRI, Paris, France
| | | | - Ina Hainmann
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominika Danda
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Centre of Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Institute, Poland
| | - Amina Szvetnik
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Victor Pastor
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nahuel Paolini
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin and Landsteiner Laboratory, AMC/UvA, CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Franca M di Summa
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin and Landsteiner Laboratory, AMC/UvA, CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hannah Tamary
- Hematology Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Abed Abu Quider
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Department, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Anna Aspesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thierry Leblanc
- Pediatric Hematology Service, Robert-Debré Hospital and EA-3518, Université Paris Diderot - Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte M Niemeyer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Alyson W MacInnes
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Identification of genes and pathways in the synovia of women with osteoarthritis by bioinformatics analysis. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:4467-4473. [PMID: 29344651 PMCID: PMC5802222 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) has a high prevalence in female patients and sex may be a key factor affecting the progression of OA. The aim of the present study was to identify genetic signatures in the synovial membranes of female patients with OA and to elucidate the potential associated molecular mechanisms. The gene expression profiles of the GSE55457 and GSE55584 datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Data of two synovial membranes from normal female individuals (GSM1337306 and GSM1337310) and two synovial membranes from female patients affected by OA (GSM1337327 and GSM1337330) were obtained from the dataset GSE55457, and those of three synovial membranes from female patients affected by OA (GSM1339628, GSM1339629 and GSM1339632) were obtained from the dataset GSE55584. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by using Morpheus software. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of the DEGs were constructed by using Cytoscape software. Subsequently, Gene Ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses of the top module of the PPI network were performed by using ClueGo. A total of 377 DEGs were identified in the synovial membranes of OA patients compared with those of normal individuals, including 164 upregulated and 213 downregulated genes. The top 10 hub genes were ubiquitin (UB)C, ribosomal protein (RP) L23A, mammalian target of rapamycin, heat shock protein 90 α family class A member 1, RPS28, RPL37A, RPS24, RPS4X, RPS18 and UBB. The results of the GO analysis indicated that the DEGs included in the top module of the PPI were mainly enriched in the terms ‘nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process’, ‘nonsense mediated decay’, and ‘cytoplasmic translation and ribosomal small subunit biogenesis’. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the DEGs included in the top one module were mainly enriched in the ‘ribosome’ pathway. The present study provides a systematic, molecular-level understanding of the degeneration of the synovial membrane in the progression of OA in female patients. The hub genes and molecules associated with the synovial membrane may be used as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the treatment of OA in female patients with OA.
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Warren AJ. Molecular basis of the human ribosomopathy Shwachman-Diamond syndrome. Adv Biol Regul 2018; 67:109-127. [PMID: 28942353 PMCID: PMC6710477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mutations that target the ubiquitous process of ribosome assembly paradoxically cause diverse tissue-specific disorders (ribosomopathies) that are often associated with an increased risk of cancer. Ribosomes are the essential macromolecular machines that read the genetic code in all cells in all kingdoms of life. Following pre-assembly in the nucleus, precursors of the large 60S and small 40S ribosomal subunits are exported to the cytoplasm where the final steps in maturation are completed. Here, I review the recent insights into the conserved mechanisms of ribosome assembly that have come from functional characterisation of the genes mutated in human ribosomopathies. In particular, recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy, coupled with genetic, biochemical and prior structural data, have revealed that the SBDS protein that is deficient in the inherited leukaemia predisposition disorder Shwachman-Diamond syndrome couples the final step in cytoplasmic 60S ribosomal subunit maturation to a quality control assessment of the structural and functional integrity of the nascent particle. Thus, study of this fascinating disorder is providing remarkable insights into how the large ribosomal subunit is functionally activated in the cytoplasm to enter the actively translating pool of ribosomes.
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MESH Headings
- Bone Marrow Diseases/metabolism
- Bone Marrow Diseases/pathology
- Cryoelectron Microscopy
- Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency/metabolism
- Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency/pathology
- Humans
- Lipomatosis/metabolism
- Lipomatosis/pathology
- Mutation
- Proteins/genetics
- Proteins/metabolism
- Ribosome Subunits, Large, Eukaryotic/genetics
- Ribosome Subunits, Large, Eukaryotic/metabolism
- Ribosome Subunits, Large, Eukaryotic/ultrastructure
- Ribosome Subunits, Small, Eukaryotic/genetics
- Ribosome Subunits, Small, Eukaryotic/metabolism
- Ribosome Subunits, Small, Eukaryotic/ultrastructure
- Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Warren
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK; The Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Chakraborty A, Uechi T, Nakajima Y, Gazda HT, O'Donohue MF, Gleizes PE, Kenmochi N. Cross talk between TP53 and c-Myc in the pathophysiology of Diamond-Blackfan anemia: Evidence from RPL11-deficient in vivo and in vitro models. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:1839-1845. [PMID: 29225165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in genes encoding ribosomal proteins have been identified in Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA), a rare genetic disorder that presents with a prominent erythroid phenotype. TP53 has been implicated in the pathophysiology of DBA with ribosomal protein (RP) L11 playing a crucial role in the TP53 response. Interestingly, RPL11 also controls the transcriptional activity of c-Myc, an oncoprotein that positively regulates ribosome biogenesis. In the present study, we analyzed the consequences of rpl11 depletion on erythropoiesis and ribosome biogenesis in zebrafish. As expected, Rpl11-deficient zebrafish exhibited defects in ribosome biogenesis and an anemia phenotype. However, co-inhibition of Tp53 did not alleviate the erythroid aplasia in these fish. Next, we explored the role of c-Myc in RPL11-deficient cellular and animal models. c-Myc and its target nucleolar proteins showed upregulation and increased localization in the head region of Rpl11-deficient zebrafish, where the morphological abnormalities and tp53 expression were more pronounced. Interestingly, in blood cells derived from DBA patients with mutations in RPL11, the biogenesis of ribosomes was defective, but the expression level of c-Myc and its target nucleolar proteins was unchanged. The results suggest a model whereby RPL11 deficiency activates the synthesis of c-Myc target nucleolar proteins, which subsequently triggers a p53 response. These results further demonstrate that the induction of Tp53 mediates the morphological, but not erythroid, defects associated with RPL11 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Chakraborty
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Cancer, NU Centre for Science Education & Research, Nitte University, Mangalore 18, India.
| | - Tamayo Uechi
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan.
| | - Yukari Nakajima
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan.
| | - Hanna T Gazda
- Division of Genetics and Program in Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Diseases Research, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Marie-Françoise O'Donohue
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Université de Toulouse, UPS, F-31000 Toulouse, France; CNRS, UMR 5099, F-31000 Toulouse, France.
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Gleizes
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Université de Toulouse, UPS, F-31000 Toulouse, France; CNRS, UMR 5099, F-31000 Toulouse, France.
| | - Naoya Kenmochi
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan.
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48
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van Dooijeweert B, van Ommen CH, Smiers FJ, Tamminga RYJ, te Loo MW, Donker AE, Peters M, Granzen B, Gille HJJP, Bierings MB, MacInnes AW, Bartels M. Pediatric Diamond-Blackfan anemia in the Netherlands: An overview of clinical characteristics and underlying molecular defects. Eur J Haematol 2017; 100:163-170. [DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit van Dooijeweert
- Department of Pediatric Hematology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - C. Heleen van Ommen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology; Erasmus Medical Center; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Frans J. Smiers
- Department of Pediatric Hematology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Y. J. Tamminga
- Department of Pediatric Hematology; University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Maroeska W. te Loo
- Department of Pediatric Hematology; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | | | - Marjolein Peters
- Department of Pediatric Hematology; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Bernd Granzen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology; Maastricht University Medical Center; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Hans J. J. P. Gille
- Department of Clinical Genetics; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Marc B. Bierings
- Department of Pediatric Hematology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Alyson W. MacInnes
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Marije Bartels
- Department of Pediatric Hematology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
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Da Costa L, O'Donohue MF, van Dooijeweert B, Albrecht K, Unal S, Ramenghi U, Leblanc T, Dianzani I, Tamary H, Bartels M, Gleizes PE, Wlodarski M, MacInnes AW. Molecular approaches to diagnose Diamond-Blackfan anemia: The EuroDBA experience. Eur J Med Genet 2017; 61:664-673. [PMID: 29081386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare congenital erythroblastopenia and inherited bone marrow failure syndrome that affects approximately seven individuals in every million live births. In addition to anemia, about 50% of all DBA patients suffer from various physical malformations of the face, hands, heart, or urogenital region. The disorder is almost exclusively driven by haploinsufficient mutations in one of several ribosomal protein (RP) genes, although for ∼30% of diagnosed patients no mutation is found in any of the known DBA-linked genes. Because DBA is such a rare disease with a particularly wide range of clinical phenotypes and molecular signatures, the development of collaborative efforts such as the ERARE-funded European DBA consortium (EuroDBA) has become imperative for DBA research. EuroDBA was founded in 2012 and brings together dedicated clinical and biological researchers of DBA from France, Italy, the Netherlands, Germany, Israel, Poland, and Turkey to achieve a number of goals including the consolidation of data in patient registries, establishment of minimal diagnostic criteria, and projects aimed at more fully describing the different mutations linked to DBA. This review will cover the history of the EuroDBA registries, the methods used by EuroDBA in the diagnosis of DBA, and how the consortium has successfully worked together towards the discovery of new DBA-linked genes and the better understanding their pathophysiological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Da Costa
- University Paris VII Denis DIDEROT, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, F-75019 Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence for Red Cell, LABEX GR-Ex, F-75015 Paris, France; Inserm Unit 1134, INTS, F-75015 Paris, France; Service d'onco-hématologie pédiatrique, Robert Debré Hospital, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Françoise O'Donohue
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Birgit van Dooijeweert
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Albrecht
- Medical University of Warsaw, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Ul. Żwirki I Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sule Unal
- Hacettepe University, Center of Research, Diagnosis and Treatment for Fanconi Anemia and Other Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Ugo Ramenghi
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Thierry Leblanc
- Service d'onco-hématologie pédiatrique, Robert Debré Hospital, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Irma Dianzani
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Hannah Tamary
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Department, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ben-Gurion University, 84101 Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Marije Bartels
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Gleizes
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Marcin Wlodarski
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alyson W MacInnes
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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50
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Nejadtaghi M, Jafari H, Farrokhi E, Samani KG. Familial Colorectal Cancer Type X (FCCTX) and the correlation with various genes-A systematic review. Curr Probl Cancer 2017; 41:388-397. [PMID: 29096939 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Familial Colorectal Cancer Type X (FCCTX) is a type of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer in accordance to Amsterdam criteria-1 for Lynch syndrome, with no related mutation in mismatch repair gene. FCCTX is microsatellite stable and is accounted for 40% of families with Amsterdam criteria-1 with a high age of onset. Thus, the carcinogenesis of FCCTX is different compared to Lynch syndrome. In addition to the microsatellite stability and the presence of less predominant tumors in proximal colon, various clinical features have also been associated with FCCTX in comparison with Lynch syndrome such as no increased risk of extra-colonic cancers, older age of diagnosis and higher adenoma/carcinoma rate. Genetic etiology of this type of cancer which is autosomal dominant is unknown. In this review, we focus on the genes and their variants identified in this type of CRC. In order to find out the correlation between FCCTX and various genes database such as PubMed and PMC, search engine such as Google scholar and portals such as Springer and Elsevier have been searched. Based on our literature search, several studies suggest that FCCTX is a heterogeneous type of disease with different genetic variants. Recent studies describe the correlation between FCCTX and genes such as BRCA2, SEMA4, NTS, RASSF9, GALNT12, KRAS, BRAF, APC, BMPR1A, and RPS20. Considering the fact that BRCA2 has the highest mutation rate (60%) and is one of the most crucial DNA repair genes, it will be considered as a big role player in this type of cancer in comparison with other genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Nejadtaghi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hamideh Jafari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Effat Farrokhi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Keihan Ghatreh Samani
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran
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