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Thuma TBT, Procopio RA, Jimenez HJ, Gunton KB, Pulido JS. Hypomorphic variants in inherited retinal and ocular diseases: A review of the literature with clinical cases. Surv Ophthalmol 2024; 69:337-348. [PMID: 38036193 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Hypomorphic variants decrease, but do not eliminate, gene function via a reduction in the amount of mRNA or protein product produced by a gene or by production of a gene product with reduced function. Many hypomorphic variants have been implicated in inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) and other genetic ocular conditions; however, there is heterogeneity in the use of the term "hypomorphic" in the scientific literature. We searched for all hypomorphic variants reported to cause IRDs and ocular disorders. We also discuss the presence of hypomorphic variants in the patient population of our ocular genetics department over the past decade. We propose that standardized criteria should be adopted for use of the term "hypomorphic" to describe gene variants to improve genetic counseling and patient care outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobin B T Thuma
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Hiram J Jimenez
- Vickie and Jack Farber Vision Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kammi B Gunton
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jose S Pulido
- Vickie and Jack Farber Vision Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Retina Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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2
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Merino Diez MT, Soria Prada C, Zamorano Aleixandre M, Gonzalez-Lopez JJ. Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina: Update on diagnosis and treatment. ARCHIVOS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE OFTALMOLOGIA 2024:S2173-5794(24)00071-9. [PMID: 38663712 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftale.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina (GACR) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterised by elevated plasma ornithine levels due to deficiency of the enzyme ornithine aminotransferase (OAT). The accumulation of this amino acid in plasma leads to the development of patches of chorioretinal atrophy in the peripheral retina extending into the macular area. Patients usually present with night blindness followed by constriction of the visual field and, finally, decreased central vision and blindness. The disease is diagnosed by the presence of the characteristic clinical picture, the presence of hyperornithinaemia in plasma and the detection of mutations in the OAT enzyme gene. There is currently no effective gene therapy and the most common therapeutic intervention mainly involves dietary modifications with arginine restriction. This article aims to summarise the pathogenesis, clinical and diagnostic findings and treatment options in patients with GACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C Soria Prada
- Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Zheng Y, Cabassa-Hourton C, Eubel H, Chevreux G, Lignieres L, Crilat E, Braun HP, Lebreton S, Savouré A. Pyrroline-5-carboxylate metabolism protein complex detected in Arabidopsis thaliana leaf mitochondria. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:917-934. [PMID: 37843921 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) and pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) dehydrogenase (P5CDH) catalyse the oxidation of proline into glutamate via the intermediates P5C and glutamate-semialdehyde (GSA), which spontaneously interconvert. P5C and GSA are also intermediates in the production of glutamate from ornithine and α-ketoglutarate catalysed by ornithine δ-aminotransferase (OAT). ProDH and P5CDH form a fused bifunctional PutA enzyme in Gram-negative bacteria and are associated in a bifunctional substrate-channelling complex in Thermus thermophilus; however, the physical proximity of ProDH and P5CDH in eukaryotes has not been described. Here, we report evidence of physical proximity and interactions between Arabidopsis ProDH, P5CDH, and OAT in the mitochondria of plants during dark-induced leaf senescence when all three enzymes are expressed. Pairwise interactions and localization of the three enzymes were investigated using bimolecular fluorescence complementation with confocal microscopy in tobacco and sub-mitochondrial fractionation in Arabidopsis. Evidence for a complex composed of ProDH, P5CDH, and OAT was revealed by co-migration of the proteins in native conditions upon gel electrophoresis. Co-immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the presence of the P5C metabolism complex in Arabidopsis. Pull-down assays further demonstrated a direct interaction between ProDH1 and P5CDH. P5C metabolism complexes might channel P5C among the constituent enzymes and directly provide electrons to the respiratory electron chain via ProDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zheng
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Cabassa-Hourton
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Holger Eubel
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Germany
| | - Guillaume Chevreux
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Lignieres
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Emilie Crilat
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Hans-Peter Braun
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Germany
| | - Sandrine Lebreton
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Arnould Savouré
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), 75005 Paris, France
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da Palma MM, Ku C, Igelman AD, Burr A, Shevchenko Sutherland L, Koerner C, Valle D, Pennesi ME, Yang P. A possible ocular biomarker for response to hyperornithinemia in gyrate atrophy: the effect of pyridoxine, lysine, and arginine-restricted diet in a patient with advanced disease. Ophthalmic Genet 2023; 44:191-197. [PMID: 35856163 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2022.2098986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of function variants in the ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) gene cause accumulation of ornithine levels, leading to gyrate atrophy. The benefit of ornithine-lowering therapies has been documented in a mouse model and young patients, however, the effect in adults with advanced disease has not been well described. MATERIALS AND METHODS Case report of an adult patient with advanced gyrate atrophy, who underwent treatment with pyridoxine and an arginine-restricted diet for four years. RESULTS A 51-year-old female with advanced chorioretinal degeneration presented with hyperornithinemia (961 vs. normal 18-135 µmol/L) and compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in OAT (p.Tyr299* and p.Ala270Pro). Treatment with pyridoxine and arginine-diet restriction yielded a maximal reduction in ornithine levels by 71% (275 µmol/L). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed a reduction in ellipsoid zone (EZ) thickness that correlated with lower ornithine levels and reversed with higher ornithine levels. While her best-corrected visual acuity remained unchanged, the progressive decline in her visual fields appeared to stabilize during a one-year period when ornithine levels were below 500 µmol/L. CONCLUSIONS In this report, we demonstrate that chorioretinal degeneration appears to stabilize in an adult patient with gyrate atrophy in association with a partial reduction in ornithine levels. We also observed a correlation with reduced EZ thickness on OCT and propose this may be a novel biomarker for ornithine reduction therapies. Our case study characterizes the potential retinal structure-function benefits of ornithine-lowering treatments even in cases of advanced chorioretinal degeneration. Thus, we recommend a low threshold for treating all patients with gyrate atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Matioli da Palma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute at Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristy Ku
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute at Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Austin D Igelman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute at Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Amanda Burr
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute at Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Celide Koerner
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David Valle
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark E Pennesi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute at Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Paul Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute at Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
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5
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Kaczmarczyk A, Baker M, Diddle J, Yuzyuk T, Valle D, Lindstrom K. A neonate with ornithine aminotransferase deficiency; insights on the hyperammonemia-associated biochemical phenotype of gyrate atrophy. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2022; 31:100857. [PMID: 35782604 PMCID: PMC9248225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2022.100857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Kaczmarczyk
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology®, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Corresponding author at: ARUP Laboratories, 500 Chipeta Way, MS115, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
| | - Mark Baker
- Phoenix Children's Pediatric Residency Program Alliance, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Julianna Diddle
- Phoenix Children's Pediatric Residency Program Alliance, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Tatiana Yuzyuk
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology®, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - David Valle
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristin Lindstrom
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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6
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Balfoort BM, Buijs MJN, Ten Asbroek ALMA, Bergen AAB, Boon CJF, Ferreira EA, Houtkooper RH, Wagenmakers MAEM, Wanders RJA, Waterham HR, Timmer C, van Karnebeek CD, Brands MM. A review of treatment modalities in gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina (GACR). Mol Genet Metab 2021; 134:96-116. [PMID: 34340878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina (GACR) is a rare inborn error of amino acid metabolism caused by bi-allelic variations in OAT. GACR is characterised by vision decline in early life eventually leading to complete blindness, and high plasma ornithine levels. There is no curative treatment for GACR, although several therapeutic modalities aim to slow progression of the disease by targeting different steps within the ornithine pathway. No international treatment protocol is available. We systematically collected all international literature on therapeutic interventions in GACR to provide an overview of published treatment effects. METHODS Following the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review of the English literature until December 22nd 2020. PubMed and Embase databases were searched for studies related to therapeutic interventions in patients with GACR. RESULTS A total of 33 studies (n = 107 patients) met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were designed as case reports (n = 27) or case series (n = 4). No randomised controlled trials or large cohort studies were found. Treatments applied were protein-restricted diets, pyridoxine supplementation, creatine or creatine precursor supplementation, l-lysine supplementation, and proline supplementation. Protein-restricted diets lowered ornithine levels ranging from 16.0-91.2%. Pyridoxine responsiveness was reported in 30% of included mutations. Lysine supplementation decreased ornithine levels with 21-34%. Quality assessment showed low to moderate quality of the articles. CONCLUSIONS Based primarily on case reports ornithine levels can be reduced by using a protein restricted diet, pyridoxine supplementation (variation-dependent) and/or lysine supplementation. The lack of pre-defined clinical outcome measures and structural follow-up in all included studies impeded conclusions on clinical effectiveness. Future research should be aimed at 1) Unravelling the OAT biochemical pathway to identify other possible pathologic metabolites besides ornithine, 2) Pre-defining GACR specific clinical outcome measures, and 3) Establishing an international historical cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berith M Balfoort
- Department of Paediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark J N Buijs
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anneloor L M A Ten Asbroek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arthur A B Bergen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Camiel J F Boon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333, ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Elise A Ferreira
- Department of Paediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Margreet A E M Wagenmakers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald J A Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hans R Waterham
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Corrie Timmer
- Department Endocrinology and Metabolism Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Clara D van Karnebeek
- Department of Paediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Paediatrics, Radboud Centre for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marion M Brands
- Department of Paediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Montioli R, Sgaravizzi G, Desbats MA, Grottelli S, Voltattorni CB, Salviati L, Cellini B. Molecular and Cellular Studies Reveal Folding Defects of Human Ornithine Aminotransferase Variants Associated With Gyrate Atrophy of the Choroid and Retina. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:695205. [PMID: 34395527 PMCID: PMC8360850 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.695205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The deficit of human ornithine aminotransferase (hOAT) is responsible for gyrate atrophy (GA), a rare recessive inherited disorder. Although more than 60 disease-associated mutations have been identified to date, the molecular mechanisms explaining how each mutation leads to the deficit of OAT are mostly unknown. To fill this gap, we considered six representative missense mutations present in homozygous patients concerning residues spread over the hOAT structure. E. coli expression, spectroscopic, kinetic and bioinformatic analyses, reveal that the R154L and G237D mutations induce a catalytic more than a folding defect, the Q90E and R271K mutations mainly impact folding efficiency, while the E318K and C394Y mutations give rise to both folding and catalytic defects. In a human cellular model of disease folding-defective variants, although at a different extent, display reduced protein levels and/or specific activity, due to increased aggregation and/or degradation propensity. The supplementation with Vitamin B6, to mimic a treatment strategy available for GA patients, does not significantly improve the expression/activity of folding-defective variants, in contrast with the clinical responsiveness of patients bearing the E318K mutation. Thus, we speculate that the action of vitamin B6 could be also independent of hOAT. Overall, these data represent a further effort toward a comprehensive analysis of GA pathogenesis at molecular and cellular level, with important relapses for the improvement of genotype/phenotype correlations and the development of novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Montioli
- Section of Biological Chemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giada Sgaravizzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Andrea Desbats
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Grottelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carla Borri Voltattorni
- Section of Biological Chemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Cellini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Sen S, Kannan SK, Shanmugam U, Rajan R, Babu N, Vanniarajan A. Variable phenotypes of gyrate atrophy in siblings with a nonsense mutation in OAT gene. Ophthalmic Genet 2021; 42:300-303. [PMID: 33463379 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2020.1870149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Gyrate Atrophy (GA) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by progressive chorioretinal degeneration. It is caused due to mutations in OAT gene that encodes a defective ornithine-δ-aminotransferase enzyme. We aim to identify the molecular cause of the disease and correlate it with the phenotype.Materials and Methods: Clinical, biochemical and genetic analyses were performed in siblings with GA.Case Description: A 10-year-old girl presented with impaired vision was clinically diagnosed to have peripheral chorioretinal degeneration in both eyes due to GA with vitreous hemorrhage in the right eye. Similar chorioretinal degeneration was observed in the patient's sibling, while parents were normal. Biochemical analysis of plasma by LC-MS/MS showed an elevated ornithine level of 892.8 µmol/L in the patient and 572.3 µmol/L in the sibling. Familial genetic screening by Sanger sequencing revealed a nonsense mutation in exon 11 of the OAT gene (c.1192C>T; p.Arg398Ter) in all the family members with a homozygous mutation in the patient and sibling, and heterozygous mutation in the parents. The patient was under follow-up with an arginine-restricted diet. At the last follow-up, the vitreous hemorrhage of right eye had resolved with an improvement in visual acuity and left eye remained stable with 6/12.Conclusion: Our patient is a rare case of gyrate atrophy presented with vitreous hemorrhage and nonsense OAT gene mutation, inherited in the autosomal recessive pattern. This report highlights the phenotypic variability among the siblings with the same mutation in OAT gene for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagnik Sen
- Department of Vitreo-retinal Services, Aravind Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Madurai, India
| | | | - Ulaganathan Shanmugam
- Department of Orbit, Oculoplasty and Ocular Oncology, Aravind Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Madurai, India
| | - Renu Rajan
- Department of Vitreo-retinal Services, Aravind Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Madurai, India
| | - Naresh Babu
- Department of Vitreo-retinal Services, Aravind Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Madurai, India
| | - Ayyasamy Vanniarajan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai, India
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9
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Montioli R, Bellezza I, Desbats MA, Borri Voltattorni C, Salviati L, Cellini B. Deficit of human ornithine aminotransferase in gyrate atrophy: Molecular, cellular, and clinical aspects. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1869:140555. [PMID: 33068755 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gyrate Atrophy (GA) of the choroid and retina (MIM# 258870) is an autosomal recessive disorder due to mutations of the OAT gene encoding ornithine-delta-aminotransferase (OAT), associated with progressive retinal deterioration and blindness. The disease has a theoretical global incidence of approximately 1:1,500,000. OAT is mainly involved in ornithine catabolism in adults, thus explaining the hyperornithinemia as hallmark of the disease. Patients are treated with an arginine-restricted diet, to limit ornithine load, or the administration of Vitamin B6, a precursor of the OAT coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate. Although the clinical and genetic aspects of GA are known for many years, the enzymatic phenotype of pathogenic variants and their response to Vitamin B6, as well as the molecular mechanisms explaining retinal damage, are poorly clarified. Herein, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the biochemical properties of human OAT and on the molecular, cellular, and clinical aspects of GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Montioli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bellezza
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Andrea Desbats
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carla Borri Voltattorni
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Barbara Cellini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
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Jalali H, Najafi M, Khoshaeen A, Mahdavi MR, Mahdavi M. First report of c.425-1G>A mutation in ornithine aminotransferase gene causing gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina with hyperornithinemia. Eur J Ophthalmol 2020; 31:NP23-NP26. [PMID: 32418451 DOI: 10.1177/1120672120921734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gyrate atrophy is a rare autosomal recessive inherited genetic disease. Progressive deterioration of peripheral night vision and blindness are the foremost clinical manifestations of the disease caused by mutations of ornithine aminotransferase gene. CASE The presented case was an 18-year-old male referred for a progressive reduction of visual acuity, which started when the subject was 7 years old, blurred vision, and hypotonic muscles. OBSERVATIONS The findings by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography methods exhibited a high level of ornithine: 248 μmol/L (reference range: 44-206 μmol/L) and 818 μmol/L (reference: 25-123 μmol/L), respectively. After genetic counseling and conducting further investigation, a novel mutation (c.425-1G>A) in ornithine aminotransferase gene was recognized through whole exome sequencing and the mutation was verified using Sanger sequencing method, which is associated with gyrate atrophy phenotype. CONCLUSION The exact mechanism of chorioretinal atrophy in hyperornithinemia is not known but the increased ornithine level is the clinical manifestation of gyrate atrophy of choroid and retina, muscle weakness, moderate mental retardation, and low cerebral creatine. Pathogenic variant in the ornithine aminotransferase gene associated with gyrate atrophy, may be beneficial as a biomarker to initial diagnosis and treatment of gyrate atrophy disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Jalali
- Thalassemia Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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11
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Larsson L, Degens H, Li M, Salviati L, Lee YI, Thompson W, Kirkland JL, Sandri M. Sarcopenia: Aging-Related Loss of Muscle Mass and Function. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:427-511. [PMID: 30427277 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00061.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 734] [Impact Index Per Article: 146.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a loss of muscle mass and function in the elderly that reduces mobility, diminishes quality of life, and can lead to fall-related injuries, which require costly hospitalization and extended rehabilitation. This review focuses on the aging-related structural changes and mechanisms at cellular and subcellular levels underlying changes in the individual motor unit: specifically, the perikaryon of the α-motoneuron, its neuromuscular junction(s), and the muscle fibers that it innervates. Loss of muscle mass with aging, which is largely due to the progressive loss of motoneurons, is associated with reduced muscle fiber number and size. Muscle function progressively declines because motoneuron loss is not adequately compensated by reinnervation of muscle fibers by the remaining motoneurons. At the intracellular level, key factors are qualitative changes in posttranslational modifications of muscle proteins and the loss of coordinated control between contractile, mitochondrial, and sarcoplasmic reticulum protein expression. Quantitative and qualitative changes in skeletal muscle during the process of aging also have been implicated in the pathogenesis of acquired and hereditary neuromuscular disorders. In experimental models, specific intervention strategies have shown encouraging results on limiting deterioration of motor unit structure and function under conditions of impaired innervation. Translated to the clinic, if these or similar interventions, by saving muscle and improving mobility, could help alleviate sarcopenia in the elderly, there would be both great humanitarian benefits and large cost savings for health care systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Larsson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Hans Degens
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Meishan Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Young Il Lee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Wesley Thompson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - James L Kirkland
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
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12
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Molecular and cellular basis of ornithine δ-aminotransferase deficiency caused by the V332M mutation associated with gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3629-3638. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Casalino G, Pierro L, Manitto MP, Michaelides M, Bandello F. Resolution of cystoid macular edema following arginine-restricted diet and vitamin B6 supplementation in a case of gyrate atrophy. J AAPOS 2018; 22:321-323. [PMID: 29654911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We report the outcome of 3 years of arginine-restricted diet and vitamin B6 supplementation in a boy who presented with gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina and bilateral cystoid macular edema. The diagnosis of gyrate atrophy was made on the basis of clinical findings and increased plasma ornithine levels. Molecular genetic testing revealed a disease-causing homozygous mutation in the ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) gene. After 3 months of dietary modification and pyridoxine supplementation, visual acuity improved, and optical coherence tomography showed resolution of cystoid macular edema in both eyes. This anatomical and functional improvement was maintained during 3 years of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Casalino
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy; Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Luisa Pierro
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Manitto
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
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14
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Jasani KM, Parry NRA, Black G, Kelly SP. Unique case of gyrate atrophy with a well-preserved electroretinogram (ERG). BMJ Case Rep 2018; 2018:bcr-2016-217556. [PMID: 29437727 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-217556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gyrate atrophy is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by a mutation in the ornithine-δ-amino transferase gene. We present an interesting case of a 33-year-old woman who presented with increasing myopia, nyctalopia and failing vision. Examination revealed posterior subscapsular cataracts, narrowed peripheral visual fields and scalloped atrophic peripheral chorioretinal lesions. Blood investigations showed a raised plasma ornithine level at 917 μmol/L (normal range: 32-88 μmol/L) confirming the diagnosis of gyrate atrophy. The patient, despite not tolerating dietary treatment, had retained central vision over a follow-up period of 18 years. The electroretinogram, which normally diminishes with disease progression, was still nearly normal when last tested at 16 years follow-up. Genetic testing did not reveal any novel mutation that could account for this variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti M Jasani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Bolton Hospital, Bolton, UK
| | - Neil R A Parry
- Vision Science Centre, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Graeme Black
- Vision Science Centre, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Simon P Kelly
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Bolton Hospital, Bolton, UK
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15
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Montioli R, Zamparelli C, Borri Voltattorni C, Cellini B. Oligomeric State and Thermal Stability of Apo- and Holo- Human Ornithine δ-Aminotransferase. Protein J 2017; 36:174-185. [PMID: 28345116 PMCID: PMC5432616 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-017-9710-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Human ornithine δ-aminotransferase (hOAT) (EC 2.6.1.13) is a mitochondrial pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent aminotransferase whose deficit is associated with gyrate atrophy, a rare autosomal recessive disorder causing progressive blindness and chorioretinal degeneration. Here, both the apo- and holo-form of recombinant hOAT were characterized by means of spectroscopic, kinetic, chromatographic and computational techniques. The results indicate that apo and holo-hOAT (a) show a similar tertiary structure, even if apo displays a more pronounced exposure of hydrophobic patches, (b) exhibit a tetrameric structure with a tetramer-dimer equilibrium dissociation constant about fivefold higher for the apoform with respect to the holoform, and (c) have apparent Tm values of 46 and 67 °C, respectively. Moreover, unlike holo-hOAT, apo-hOAT is prone to unfolding and aggregation under physiological conditions. We also identified Arg217 as an important hot-spot at the dimer–dimer interface of hOAT and demonstrated that the artificial dimeric variant R217A exhibits spectroscopic properties, Tm values and catalytic features similar to those of the tetrameric species. This finding indicates that the catalytic unit of hOAT is the dimer. However, under physiological conditions the apo-tetramer is slightly less prone to unfolding and aggregation than the apo-dimer. The possible implications of the data for the intracellular stability and regulation of hOAT are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Montioli
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (Section of Biological Chemistry), University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134, Verona, Italy.
| | | | - Carla Borri Voltattorni
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (Section of Biological Chemistry), University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Barbara Cellini
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences (Section of Biological Chemistry), University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134, Verona, Italy
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16
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Heller D, Weiner C, Nasie I, Anikster Y, Landau Y, Koren T, Pokroy R, Abulafia A, Pras E. Reversal of cystoid macular edema in gyrate atrophy patients. Ophthalmic Genet 2017; 38:549-554. [DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2017.1301966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Heller
- Ophthalmology Department, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Chen Weiner
- Matlow’s Ophthalmogenetic Laboratory, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Iris Nasie
- Matlow’s Ophthalmogenetic Laboratory, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Yair Anikster
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Metabolic Diseases Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yuval Landau
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Metabolic Diseases Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Tal Koren
- Matlow’s Ophthalmogenetic Laboratory, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Russell Pokroy
- Ophthalmology Department, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Adi Abulafia
- Ophthalmology Department, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eran Pras
- Ophthalmology Department, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
- Matlow’s Ophthalmogenetic Laboratory, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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17
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Ginguay A, Cynober L, Curis E, Nicolis I. Ornithine Aminotransferase, an Important Glutamate-Metabolizing Enzyme at the Crossroads of Multiple Metabolic Pathways. BIOLOGY 2017; 6:biology6010018. [PMID: 28272331 PMCID: PMC5372011 DOI: 10.3390/biology6010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ornithine δ-aminotransferase (OAT, E.C. 2.6.1.13) catalyzes the transfer of the δ-amino group from ornithine (Orn) to α-ketoglutarate (aKG), yielding glutamate-5-semialdehyde and glutamate (Glu), and vice versa. In mammals, OAT is a mitochondrial enzyme, mainly located in the liver, intestine, brain, and kidney. In general, OAT serves to form glutamate from ornithine, with the notable exception of the intestine, where citrulline (Cit) or arginine (Arg) are end products. Its main function is to control the production of signaling molecules and mediators, such as Glu itself, Cit, GABA, and aliphatic polyamines. It is also involved in proline (Pro) synthesis. Deficiency in OAT causes gyrate atrophy, a rare but serious inherited disease, a further measure of the importance of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonin Ginguay
- Clinical Chemistry, Cochin Hospital, GH HUPC, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France.
- Laboratory of Biological Nutrition, EA 4466 PRETRAM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Luc Cynober
- Clinical Chemistry, Cochin Hospital, GH HUPC, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France.
- Laboratory of Biological Nutrition, EA 4466 PRETRAM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Emmanuel Curis
- Laboratoire de biomathématiques, plateau iB², Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France.
- UMR 1144, INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France.
- UMR 1144, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France.
- Service de biostatistiques et d'informatique médicales, hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance publique-hôpitaux de Paris, 75010 Paris, France.
| | - Ioannis Nicolis
- Laboratoire de biomathématiques, plateau iB², Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France.
- EA 4064 "Épidémiologie environnementale: Impact sanitaire des pollutions", Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France.
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE To report an unusual case of a gyrate atrophy-like presentation with retinal crystal deposition in a patient with normal plasma ornithine levels. CASE REPORT A 50-year-old Hispanic female patient presented with complaints of blurred vision and nyctalopia. Examination revealed bilateral multiple round islands of peripheral chorioretinal degeneration in addition to small crystal-like deposits in the posterior pole. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography confirmed the crystalline deposits to be above the retinal pigment epithelium. Electrophysiology revealed reduced photopic responses with no recordable scotopic response. Testing for elevated plasma ornithine, which is typical in gyrate atrophy patients, was performed; however, the patient's levels were normal. CONCLUSIONS Diagnosis of conditions that cause nyctalopia can be challenging because they are rare and often similar in appearance and presenting symptoms. Retinal crystal deposition and normal plasma ornithine illustrate the phenotypical variation that can be seen in a gyrate atrophy-like phenotype.
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19
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Ding X, Lu J, Yu R, Wang X, Wang T, Dong F, Peng B, Wu W, Liu H, Geng Y, Zhang R, Ma H, Cheng J, Yu M, Fang S. Preliminary Proteomic Analysis of A549 Cells Infected with Avian Influenza Virus H7N9 and Influenza A Virus H1N1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156017. [PMID: 27223893 PMCID: PMC4880285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A newly emerged H7N9 influenza virus poses high risk to human beings. However, the pathogenic mechanism of the virus remains unclear. The temporal response of primary human alveolar adenocarcinoma epithelial cells (A549) infected with H7N9 influenza virus and H1N1 influenza A virus (H1N1, pdm09) were evaluated using the proteomics approaches (2D-DIGE combined with MALDI-TOF-MS/MS) at 24, 48 and 72 hours post of the infection (hpi). There were 11, 12 and 33 proteins with significant different expressions (P<0.05) at 24, 48 and 72hpi, especially F-actin-capping protein subunit alpha-1 (CAPZA1), Ornithine aminotransferase (OAT), Poly(rC)-binding protein 1 (PCBP1), Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A-1 (EIF5A) and Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolaseⅠb subunit beta (PAFAH1B2) were validated by western-blot analysis. The functional analysis revealed that the differential proteins in A549 cells involved in regulating cytopathic effect. Among them, the down-regulation of CAPZA1, OAT, PCBP1, EIF5A are related to the death of cells infected by H7N9 influenza virus. This is the first time show that the down-regulation of PAFAH1B2 is related to the later clinical symptoms of patients infected by H7N9 influenza virus. These findings may improve our understanding of pathogenic mechanism of H7N9 influenza virus in proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Ding
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahai Lu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruoxi Yu
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Key Reference Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosafety, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Nanshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fangyuan Dong
- Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Key Reference Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosafety, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Key Reference Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosafety, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weihua Wu
- Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Key Reference Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosafety, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Key Reference Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosafety, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yijie Geng
- Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Key Reference Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosafety, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Renli Zhang
- Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Key Reference Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosafety, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hanwu Ma
- Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Key Reference Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosafety, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinquan Cheng
- Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Key Reference Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosafety, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Muhua Yu
- Nanshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (MHY); (SSF)
| | - Shisong Fang
- Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Key Reference Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosafety, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (MHY); (SSF)
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20
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Peng Y, Cooper SK, Li Y, Mei JM, Qiu S, Borchert GL, Donald SP, Kung HF, Phang JM. Ornithine-δ-Aminotransferase Inhibits Neurogenesis During Xenopus Embryonic Development. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:2486-97. [PMID: 25783604 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-16509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In humans, deficiency of ornithine-δ-aminotransferase (OAT) results in progressive degeneration of the neural retina (gyrate atrophy) with blindness in the fourth decade. In this study, we used the Xenopus embryonic developmental model to study functions of the OAT gene on embryonic development. METHODS We cloned and sequenced full-length OAT cDNA from Xenopus oocytes (X-OAT) and determined X-OAT expression in various developmental stages of Xenopus embryos and in a variety of adult tissues. The phenotype, gene expression of neural developmental markers, and enzymatic activity were detected by gain-of-function and loss-of-function manipulations. RESULTS We showed that X-OAT is essential for Xenopus embryonic development, and overexpression of X-OAT produces a ventralized phenotype characterized by a small head, lack of axial structure, and defective expression of neural developmental markers. Using X-OAT mutants based on mutations identified in humans, we found that substitution of both Arg 180 and Leu 402 abrogated both X-OAT enzymatic activity and ability to modulate the developmental phenotype. Neurogenesis is inhibited by X-OAT during Xenopus embryonic development. CONCLUSIONS Neurogenesis is inhibited by X-OAT during Xenopus embryonic development, but it is essential for Xenopus embryonic development. The Arg 180 and Leu 402 are crucial for these effects of the OAT molecule in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Peng
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sandra K Cooper
- Basic Research Program, Leidos, Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jay M Mei
- Metabolism and Cancer Susceptibility Section, Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States
| | - Shuwei Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gregory L Borchert
- Basic Research Program, Leidos, Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States
| | - Steven P Donald
- Metabolism and Cancer Susceptibility Section, Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States
| | - Hsiang-Fu Kung
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, and Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - James M Phang
- Metabolism and Cancer Susceptibility Section, Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States
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21
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Nguyen TPT, Casarin A, Desbats MA, Doimo M, Trevisson E, Santos-Ocaña C, Navas P, Clarke CF, Salviati L. Molecular characterization of the human COQ5 C-methyltransferase in coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:1628-38. [PMID: 25152161 PMCID: PMC4331671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Coq5 catalyzes the only C-methylation involved in the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q (Q or ubiquinone) in humans and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. As one of eleven polypeptides required for Q production in yeast, Coq5 has also been shown to assemble with the multi-subunit complex termed the CoQ-synthome. In humans, mutations in several COQ genes cause primary Q deficiency, and a decrease in Q biosynthesis is associated with mitochondrial, cardiovascular, kidney and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we characterize the human COQ5 polypeptide and examine its complementation of yeast coq5 point and null mutants. We show that human COQ5 RNA is expressed in all tissues and that the COQ5 polypeptide is associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane on the matrix side. Previous work in yeast has shown that point mutations within or adjacent to conserved COQ5 methyltransferase motifs result in a loss of Coq5 function but not Coq5 steady state levels. Here, we show that stabilization of the CoQ-synthome within coq5 point mutants or by over-expression of COQ8 in coq5 null mutants permits the human COQ5 homolog to partially restore coq5 mutant growth on respiratory media and Q6 content. Immunoblotting against the human COQ5 polypeptide in isolated yeast mitochondria shows that the human Coq5 polypeptide migrates in two-dimensional blue-native/SDS-PAGE at the same high molecular mass as other yeast Coq proteins. The results presented suggest that human and Escherichia coli Coq5 homologs expressed in yeast retain C-methyltransferase activity but are capable of rescuing the coq5 yeast mutants only when the CoQ-synthome is assembled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa P T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - Alberto Casarin
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Maria Andrea Desbats
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Mara Doimo
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Eva Trevisson
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Carlos Santos-Ocaña
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Placido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Catherine F Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA.
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, Padova 35128, Italy.
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22
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Katagiri S, Gekka T, Hayashi T, Ida H, Ohashi T, Eto Y, Tsuneoka H. OAT mutations and clinical features in two Japanese brothers with gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina. Doc Ophthalmol 2014; 128:137-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s10633-014-9426-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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