1
|
Mu D, Wu X, Feijó A, Wu W, Wen Z, Cheng J, Xia L, Yang Q, Shan W, Ge D. Transcriptome analysis of pika heart tissue reveals mechanisms underlying the adaptation of a keystone species on the roof of the world. Front Genet 2022; 13:1020789. [PMID: 36506315 PMCID: PMC9728954 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1020789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High-altitude environments impose intense stresses on living organisms and drive striking phenotypic and genetic adaptations, such as hypoxia resistance, cold tolerance, and increases in metabolic capacity and body mass. As one of the most successful and dominant mammals on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QHTP), the plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) has adapted to the extreme environments of the highest altitudes of this region and exhibits tolerance to cold and hypoxia, in contrast to closely related species that inhabit the peripheral alpine bush or forests. To explore the potential genetic mechanisms underlying the adaptation of O. curzoniae to a high-altitude environment, we sequenced the heart tissue transcriptomes of adult plateau pikas (comparing specimens from sites at two different altitudes) and Gansu pikas (O. cansus). Differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their primary functions. Key genes and pathways related to high-altitude adaptation were identified. In addition to the biological processes of signal transduction, energy metabolism and material transport, the identified plateau pika genes were mainly enriched in biological pathways such as the negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation, the apoptosis signalling pathway, the cellular response to DNA damage stimulus, and ossification involved in bone maturation and heart development. Our results showed that the plateau pika has adapted to the extreme environments of the QHTP via protection against cardiomyopathy, tissue structure alterations and improvements in the blood circulation system and energy metabolism. These adaptations shed light on how pikas thrive on the roof of the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danping Mu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China,Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, School of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Anderson Feijó
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhixin Wen
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jilong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qisen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Shan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China,*Correspondence: Wenjuan Shan, ; Deyan Ge,
| | - Deyan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Wenjuan Shan, ; Deyan Ge,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Robinson PS, Thomas LE, Abascal F, Jung H, Harvey LMR, West HD, Olafsson S, Lee BCH, Coorens THH, Lee-Six H, Butlin L, Lander N, Truscott R, Sanders MA, Lensing SV, Buczacki SJA, Ten Hoopen R, Coleman N, Brunton-Sim R, Rushbrook S, Saeb-Parsy K, Lalloo F, Campbell PJ, Martincorena I, Sampson JR, Stratton MR. Inherited MUTYH mutations cause elevated somatic mutation rates and distinctive mutational signatures in normal human cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3949. [PMID: 35803914 PMCID: PMC9270427 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31341-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular DNA damage caused by reactive oxygen species is repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathway which includes the DNA glycosylase MUTYH. Inherited biallelic MUTYH mutations cause predisposition to colorectal adenomas and carcinoma. However, the mechanistic progression from germline MUTYH mutations to MUTYH-Associated Polyposis (MAP) is incompletely understood. Here, we sequence normal tissue DNAs from 10 individuals with MAP. Somatic base substitution mutation rates in intestinal epithelial cells were elevated 2 to 4-fold in all individuals, except for one showing a 31-fold increase, and were also increased in other tissues. The increased mutation burdens were of multiple mutational signatures characterised by C > A changes. Different mutation rates and signatures between individuals are likely due to different MUTYH mutations or additional inherited mutations in other BER pathway genes. The elevated base substitution rate in normal cells likely accounts for the predisposition to neoplasia in MAP. Despite ubiquitously elevated mutation rates, individuals with MAP do not display overt evidence of premature ageing. Thus, accumulation of somatic mutations may not be sufficient to cause the global organismal functional decline of ageing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip S Robinson
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Laura E Thomas
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA28PP, UK
| | - Federico Abascal
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Hyunchul Jung
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Luke M R Harvey
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Hannah D West
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sigurgeir Olafsson
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Bernard C H Lee
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
- Hereditary Gastrointestinal Cancer Genetic Diagnosis Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Tim H H Coorens
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Henry Lee-Six
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Laura Butlin
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Nicola Lander
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rebekah Truscott
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mathijs A Sanders
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Haematology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefanie V Lensing
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Simon J A Buczacki
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Nicholas Coleman
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Simon Rushbrook
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fiona Lalloo
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter J Campbell
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Iñigo Martincorena
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Julian R Sampson
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael R Stratton
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Djursby M, Madsen MB, Frederiksen JH, Berchtold LA, Therkildsen C, Willemoe GL, Hasselby JP, Wikman F, Okkels H, Skytte AB, Nilbert M, Wadt K, Gerdes AM, van Overeem Hansen T. New Pathogenic Germline Variants in Very Early Onset and Familial Colorectal Cancer Patients. Front Genet 2020; 11:566266. [PMID: 33193653 PMCID: PMC7541943 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.566266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A genetic diagnosis facilitates personalized cancer treatment and clinical care of relatives at risk, however, although 25% of colorectal cancer cases are familial, around 95% of the families are genetically unresolved. In this study, we performed gene panel analysis on germline DNA of 32 established or candidate colorectal cancer predisposing genes in 149 individuals from either families with an accumulation of colorectal cancers or families with only one sporadic case of very early onset colorectal cancer (≤40 years at diagnosis). We identified pathogenic or likely pathogenic genetic variants in 10.1% of the participants in genes such as APC, POLE, MSH2 or PMS2. The MSH2 variant, c.2168C>T, p.(Ser723Phe) was previously described as a variant of unknown significance, but we have now reclassified it to be likely pathogenic. The POLE variant, c.1089C>A, p.(Asn363Lys) was identified in a patient with three metachronous colorectal cancers from age 28 and turned out to be de novo. One pathogenic PMS2 variant was novel. We also identified a number of highly interesting variants of unknown significance in APC, BUB1, TP53 and RPS20. The RPS20 variant is novel and was found in a large Amsterdam I positive family with a multi tumor phenotype including 12 cases of CRC from as early as age 24. This variant was found to segregate with cancer in the family and multiple in silico tools predict it to be pathogenic. Our data further support the shift from phenotypic-based cancer panels to large panels including all established genes involved in hereditary cancer syndromes or (targeted) whole genome sequencing. Additionally, identification of a likely disease-predisposing variant in RPS20 expands the phenotypic spectrum of RPS20-related cancers and emphasize that this gene is relevant to include in colorectal cancer gene panels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malene Djursby
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Majbritt B Madsen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jane H Frederiksen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lukas A Berchtold
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Therkildsen
- The Danish HNPCC Register, Clinical Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Gro L Willemoe
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jane P Hasselby
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Friedrik Wikman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Okkels
- Section of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anne-Bine Skytte
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mef Nilbert
- The Danish HNPCC Register, Clinical Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Karin Wadt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Gerdes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas van Overeem Hansen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Terradas M, Capellá G, Valle L. Dominantly Inherited Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer Not Caused by MMR Genes. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061954. [PMID: 32585810 PMCID: PMC7355797 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, multiple studies have been undertaken to elucidate the genetic cause of the predisposition to mismatch repair (MMR)-proficient nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we present the proposed candidate genes according to their involvement in specific pathways considered relevant in hereditary CRC and/or colorectal carcinogenesis. To date, only pathogenic variants in RPS20 may be convincedly linked to hereditary CRC. Nevertheless, accumulated evidence supports the involvement in the CRC predisposition of other genes, including MRE11, BARD1, POT1, BUB1B, POLE2, BRF1, IL12RB1, PTPN12, or the epigenetic alteration of PTPRJ. The contribution of the identified candidate genes to familial/early onset MMR-proficient nonpolyposis CRC, if any, is extremely small, suggesting that other factors, such as the accumulation of low risk CRC alleles, shared environmental exposures, and/or gene-environmental interactions, may explain the missing heritability in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Terradas
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.T.); (G.C.)
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Capellá
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.T.); (G.C.)
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Valle
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.T.); (G.C.)
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-260-7145
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Thibodeau ML, Zhao EY, Reisle C, Ch'ng C, Wong HL, Shen Y, Jones MR, Lim HJ, Young S, Cremin C, Pleasance E, Zhang W, Holt R, Eirew P, Karasinska J, Kalloger SE, Taylor G, Majounie E, Bonakdar M, Zong Z, Bleile D, Chiu R, Birol I, Gelmon K, Lohrisch C, Mungall KL, Mungall AJ, Moore R, Ma YP, Fok A, Yip S, Karsan A, Huntsman D, Schaeffer DF, Laskin J, Marra MA, Renouf DJ, Jones SJM, Schrader KA. Base excision repair deficiency signatures implicate germline and somatic MUTYH aberrations in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and breast cancer oncogenesis. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2019; 5:mcs.a003681. [PMID: 30833417 PMCID: PMC6549570 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a003681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of early-onset pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in a patient harboring biallelic MUTYH germline mutations, whose tumor featured somatic mutational signatures consistent with defective MUTYH-mediated base excision repair and the associated driver KRAS transversion mutation p.Gly12Cys. Analysis of an additional 730 advanced cancer cases (N = 731) was undertaken to determine whether the mutational signatures were also present in tumors from germline MUTYH heterozygote carriers or if instead the signatures were only seen in those with biallelic loss of function. We identified two patients with breast cancer each carrying a pathogenic germline MUTYH variant with a somatic MUTYH copy loss leading to the germline variant being homozygous in the tumor and demonstrating the same somatic signatures. Our results suggest that monoallelic inactivation of MUTYH is not sufficient for C:G>A:T transversion signatures previously linked to MUTYH deficiency to arise (N = 9), but that biallelic complete loss of MUTYH function can cause such signatures to arise even in tumors not classically seen in MUTYH-associated polyposis (N = 3). Although defective MUTYH is not the only determinant of these signatures, MUTYH germline variants may be present in a subset of patients with tumors demonstrating elevated somatic signatures possibly suggestive of MUTYH deficiency (e.g., COSMIC Signature 18, SigProfiler SBS18/SBS36, SignatureAnalyzer SBS18/SBS36).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- My Linh Thibodeau
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada.,Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada.,Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1H5, Canada
| | - Eric Y Zhao
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Caralyn Reisle
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Carolyn Ch'ng
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Hui-Li Wong
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Yaoqing Shen
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Martin R Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Howard J Lim
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Sean Young
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada.,Cancer Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Carol Cremin
- Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1H5, Canada.,Pancreas Centre BC, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L8, Canada
| | - Erin Pleasance
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Wei Zhang
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Robert Holt
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada.,Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Peter Eirew
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | | | - Steve E Kalloger
- Pancreas Centre BC, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L8, Canada.,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.,The Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Greg Taylor
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Elisa Majounie
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Melika Bonakdar
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Zusheng Zong
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Dustin Bleile
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Readman Chiu
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Inanc Birol
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada.,Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Karen Gelmon
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Caroline Lohrisch
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Karen L Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Andrew J Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Richard Moore
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Yussanne P Ma
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Alexandra Fok
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada.,Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1H5, Canada
| | - Stephen Yip
- Cancer Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Aly Karsan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - David Huntsman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada.,Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - David F Schaeffer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada.,Pancreas Centre BC, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L8, Canada.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Janessa Laskin
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Marco A Marra
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada.,Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Daniel J Renouf
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada.,Pancreas Centre BC, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L8, Canada
| | - Steven J M Jones
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada.,Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Kasmintan A Schrader
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada.,Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1H5, Canada.,Pancreas Centre BC, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L8, Canada.,Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Valle L, de Voer RM, Goldberg Y, Sjursen W, Försti A, Ruiz-Ponte C, Caldés T, Garré P, Olsen MF, Nordling M, Castellvi-Bel S, Hemminki K. Update on genetic predisposition to colorectal cancer and polyposis. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 69:10-26. [PMID: 30862463 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present article summarizes recent developments in the characterization of genetic predisposition to colorectal cancer (CRC). The main themes covered include new hereditary CRC and polyposis syndromes, non-CRC hereditary cancer genes found mutated in CRC patients, strategies used to identify novel causal genes, and review of candidate genes that have been proposed to predispose to CRC and/or colonic polyposis. We provide an overview of newly described genes and syndromes associated with predisposition to CRC and polyposis, including: polymerase proofreading-associated polyposis, NTHL1-associated polyposis, mismatch repair gene biallelic inactivation-related adenomatous polyposis (including MSH3- and MLH3-associated polyposes), GREM1-associated mixed polyposis, RNF43-associated serrated polyposis, and RPS20 mutations as a rare cause of hereditary nonpolyposis CRC. The implementation of next generation sequencing approaches for genetic testing has exposed the presence of pathogenic germline variants in genes associated with hereditary cancer syndromes not traditionally linked to CRC, which may have an impact on genetic testing, counseling and surveillance. The identification of new hereditary CRC and polyposis genes has not deemed an easy endeavor, even though known CRC-related genes explain a small proportion of the estimated familial risk. Whole-genome sequencing may offer a technology for increasing this proportion, particularly if applied on pedigree data allowing linkage type of analysis. The final section critically surveys the large number of candidate genes that have been recently proposed for CRC predisposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Valle
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain.
| | - Richarda M de Voer
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Yael Goldberg
- Raphael Recanati Genetics Institute, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Wenche Sjursen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Asta Försti
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clara Ruiz-Ponte
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Trinidad Caldés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain; Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Garré
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain; Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maren F Olsen
- Department of Medical Genetics, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Margareta Nordling
- Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Pathology and Genetics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sergi Castellvi-Bel
- Genetic Predisposition to Gastrointestinal Cancer Group, Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Oncology Team, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu Q, Tan YQ. Advances in Identification of Susceptibility Gene Defects of Hereditary Colorectal Cancer. J Cancer 2019; 10:643-653. [PMID: 30719162 PMCID: PMC6360424 DOI: 10.7150/jca.28542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system worldwide, associated with hereditary genetic features. CRC with a Mendelian genetic predisposition accounts for approximately 5-10% of total CRC cases, mainly caused by a single germline mutation of a CRC susceptibility gene. The main subtypes of hereditary CRC are hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). With the rapid development of genetic testing methods, especially next-generation sequencing technology, multiple genes have now been confirmed to be pathogenic, including DNA repair or DNA mismatch repair genes such as APC, MLH1, and MSH2. Since familial CRC patients have poor clinical outcomes, timely clinical diagnosis and mutation screening of susceptibility genes will aid clinicians in establishing appropriate risk assessment and treatment interventions at a personal level. Here, we systematically summarize the susceptibility genes identified to date and the potential pathogenic mechanism of HNPCC and FAP development. Moreover, clinical recommendations for susceptibility gene screening, diagnosis, and treatment of HNPCC and FAP are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Yue-Qiu Tan
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|